CN110895974B - Transition plate structure suitable for independent teleoperation of first wall of divertor - Google Patents
Transition plate structure suitable for independent teleoperation of first wall of divertor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110895974B CN110895974B CN201911003030.7A CN201911003030A CN110895974B CN 110895974 B CN110895974 B CN 110895974B CN 201911003030 A CN201911003030 A CN 201911003030A CN 110895974 B CN110895974 B CN 110895974B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transition plate structure suitable for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor. The water inlet and outlet pipe of the first wall structure and the first wall structure connecting bolt of the divertor are positioned on the back surface of the transition plate, the multifunctional mechanical arm can enter the vacuum chamber from the upper window and the middle window, the transition plate is dismantled, and the first wall structure is independently removed or installed. The invention realizes the high-precision automatic and quick installation or disassembly of the first wall structure of the divertor in the nuclear environment. The mounting precision of the divertor first wall structure is improved, the mounting steps are simplified, and the first wall structure is maintained independently only through the middle window or the upper window, so that the waste of materials is reduced. The invention with the structure has the advantages of saving money, saving time, high efficiency and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of divertor design of nuclear fusion reactors, in particular to a transition plate structure suitable for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor.
Background
Energy shortage and environmental pollution are two major problems facing human beings today. At present, fossil fuel is a main energy source for human production and life. However, with the increase of the global energy consumption and the unscientific use, the nonrenewable energy sources such as fossil fuel and the like are increasingly exhausted, and have serious influence on the environment, so that the environment is seriously polluted, and people are urgently required to develop new energy sources such as hydrogen energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, tidal energy and the like. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion energy is considered to be one of the most possible ways to solve the human energy crisis in the future, and the tokamak nuclear fusion device is one of the most effective means for researching the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion energy. The divertor is one of the core components in the Tokamak magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, and the divertor system is positioned at the bottom position in the vacuum chamber and distributed along the annular direction of the device. The divertor system is used to remove radiant and convective heat from the plasma, control and remove ash produced during fusion from the divertor vacuum pumping system, while providing nuclear shielding for the vacuum chamber and superconducting magnet. The divertor target plate is designed with an efficient cooling structure, and generally utilizes high-temperature and high-pressure water to take heat out of the device. Due to the particular working environment in which the divertor module is located: high temperature, high radiation, high heat flow, internal components such as diverters of vacuum chambers, etc. are easily damaged. When the divertor module is ablated in the Tokamak service working interval, the operations of maintenance, replacement and the like are needed. Due to the activation of the neutrons of the reaction products of deuterium-tritium fusion on the material, even when the plasma stops discharging, the radiation still exists in the vacuum chamber, so that the operator has to operate a robot outside the vacuum chamber to perform operations such as maintenance, replacement and the like on internal components such as a divertor module, namely remote operation. Remote operation (RH) refers to a process in which an operator operates a robot to maintain and replace internal components of a vacuum chamber, such as a divertor, through a computer platform, an engineering management system, and an integrated technology, in a safe area away from a tokamak apparatus. A divertor teleoperation maintenance system is a set of systems specially used for maintaining a divertor and related components, and can remove large divertor components (weight about 10-20 t) in a vacuum chamber and then transfer the divertor components to a hot chamber for maintenance, replacement and disposal. The divertor teleoperation maintenance system mainly includes: transport dolly (CASK), multi-functional arm and front end executor are used for accomplishing the divertor module at the cutting of vacuum chamber internal pipeline, welding, the dismantlement of bolt, the washing and the maintenance of the first wall of divertor to transport the outside of vacuum chamber and carry out corresponding maintenance operation, also be responsible for simultaneously with the divertor module after maintaining along the same route transportation, integrated assembly inside vacuum chamber.
For the maintenance of a divertor of a future nuclear fusion reactor, the divertor is designed according to the integral teleoperation and the independent teleoperation installation and disassembly maintenance of the first wall, and the time consumption of the replacement maintenance operation can meet the following requirements: the overall divertor is less than 6 months and the single first wall target plate is less than 1 week. The teleoperation of various Tokamak divertor modules in the world is represented by ITER, and the teleoperation tool moves from the outside of a vacuum chamber to the inside of the vacuum chamber along a lower window track, and then the divertor modules are mounted, dismounted and the like; the teleoperation of the JT-60SA divertor module is followed by the teleoperation tool along the mid-window rail into the vacuum chamber, and then the divertor module is installed, removed, etc. Therefore, for the existing overall teleoperation maintenance scheme of the divertor of the nuclear fusion reactor, the maintenance period is long, but most damage events of the divertor components of the nuclear fusion reactor occur on the first wall, and the divertor can be activated by rays and polluted by tritium and is harmful to people, so that people cannot directly contact with the divertor components, other divertor components with good functions, which are replaced by the divertor components, cannot be reused, and the treatment of retired components is also a great problem, so that unnecessary waste of resources is caused by the overall teleoperation maintenance mode of the divertor components. For the teleoperation compatibility design of a divertor of a future CFETR (Chinese fusion engineering experiment reactor), the repeatable installation of a divertor module is required to be in place, the relative installation error between adjacent modules of a divertor target plate cannot be more than +/-2 mm, and the target plate is completely covered by tiles so as to protect the protruded edge caused by the installation error. The divertors should be designed for unitary and first wall-independent teleoperational installation and removal maintenance, and the modularity, standardization and compatibility of the divertor internal components must be taken into account during the design of the divertor maintenance system, since the divertor module will eventually be removed from the interior of the vacuum chamber by the divertor maintenance RH, while the size of the vacuum chamber window for maintenance access is limited, and therefore the divertor module and the divertor maintenance system need to be designed with overall considerations.
Disclosure of Invention
To address the above-discussed needs in the art, a transition plate structure for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor is provided. The structure only needs to independently maintain the first wall structure through a middle window or an upper window in the teleoperation process, and is convenient for the high-precision automatic and quick installation or disassembly of the first wall structure of the divertor in a nuclear environment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a transition plate structure suitable for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor comprises the first wall structure, a transition plate structure, a box body supporting structure and a cooling water pipe; the first wall structure comprises an outer target plate, an outer backflow plate, a Dome, an inner backflow plate, an inner target plate and a first wall support structure;
the transition plate structure is formed by welding a protective armor and a supporting plate, tungsten is used as a protective armor material, chromium zirconium copper is used as a supporting plate material, and the transition plate structure is connected with the first wall supporting structure through two connecting bolts; the transition plate structures are respectively arranged at two ends of the upper part of the divertor structure and are positioned in a non-striking area of the divertor, so that the divertor structure does not bear high thermal load and has long service life; and meets the requirements of Tokamak operation and maintenance.
The first wall structure of the divertor is positioned by two oval positioning pins arranged on a positioning block at the lower part of the box body, and is fastened and connected with a connecting block at the upper part of the box body by a fastening bolt at the back of the transition plate, and the two combine to restrain six degrees of freedom of the first wall structure.
The transition plate is passed through to multi-functional arm through demolising inside and outside both sides provides the space for demolising or installing first wall structure fastening bolt, and fastening bolt is located the transition plate back, can not be destroyed by plasma easily.
The first wall structure and the box body respectively adopt independent water cooling circulation loops; the cooling loop of the first wall structure of the single divertor module is divided into two independent parts at the left and the right, and a circulating loop is formed by the collecting box at the inner side.
The first wall structure cooling line is water inlet, first wall support structure, outer target plate, first wall support structure, outer backflow plate, first wall support structure, Dome, first wall support structure, inner backflow plate, first wall support structure, inner target plate, first wall support structure, flow collecting box, first wall support structure, inner target plate, first wall support structure, inner backflow plate, first wall support structure, Dome, first wall support structure, outer backflow plate, first wall support structure, outer target plate, first wall support structure and water outlet.
The water inlet and outlet pipe of the first wall structure of the divertor is designed on the back of the outer transition plate, the multifunctional mechanical arm provides space for cutting the water inlet and outlet pipe by dismantling the outer transition plate, and the water inlet and outlet pipe is positioned on the back of the transition plate and cannot be easily damaged by plasma.
Furthermore, the present invention also provides a remote operation method for the above-mentioned transition plate structure suitable for independent remote operation of the first wall of the divertor, comprising the following steps:
step 1, in the remote operation process of a divertor module, firstly, a multifunctional mechanical arm is utilized to remove or install connecting bolts of transition plate structures on the inner side and the outer side of the upper part of the divertor module from a window or an upper window in a vacuum chamber, and the transition plate structures are removed or installed;
step 2, cutting or welding a first wall water inlet and outlet pipe positioned at the outer side of the divertor module, and dismantling or installing a fastening bolt of the first wall structure and the box body;
and 3, finally, removing or installing the first wall structure from the window in the vacuum chamber or the upper window, wherein the whole teleoperation process can be completed only through the middle window or the upper window.
Has the advantages that:
the invention has the advantages that: the transition plate structure is formed by welding a protective armor and a supporting plate, tungsten is used as a protective armor material, chromium zirconium copper is used as a supporting plate material, and the transition plate structure is connected with the first wall supporting structure through two connecting bolts. The water inlet and outlet pipe of the first wall structure and the fastening bolt of the first wall structure of the divertor are positioned on the back surface of the transition plate, and the transition plate can be detached from the upper middle window by the multifunctional mechanical arm to independently remove or install the first wall structure. The first wall structure forms an independent cooling circulation loop through the inner side current collecting box, and the first wall structure of the divertor utilizes two elliptical positioning pins and two connecting bolts to jointly restrain six degrees of freedom of the first wall structure, so that the six-point positioning principle is met.
The invention realizes the high-precision automatic and quick installation or disassembly of the first wall structure of the divertor in the nuclear environment. The mounting precision of the divertor first wall structure is improved, the mounting steps are simplified, and the first wall structure is maintained independently only through the middle window or the upper window, so that the waste of materials is reduced. The invention with the structure has the advantages of saving money, saving time, high efficiency and high precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the teleoperation process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transition plate structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first wall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cassette according to the present invention.
The numbering in the drawings illustrates: 1 inner transition plate structure, 2 first wall structure, 3 outer transition plate structure, 4 first wall water inlet pipe, 5 first wall water outlet pipe, 6 box water outlet pipe, 7 box water inlet pipe, 8 outer box support structure, 9 box, 10 inner box support structure, 11 fastening bolt I, 12 inner connecting bolt I, 13 inner connecting bolt II, 14 outer connecting bolt I, 15 outer connecting bolt II, 16 fastening bolt II, 17 support plate I, 18 support plate II, 19 protective armor, 20 first wall inner connecting block, 21 current collecting box, 22 inner target plate, 23 inner current returning plate, 24Dome, 25 outer current returning plate, 26 outer target plate, 27 first wall outer connecting block, 28 first wall positioning block I, 29 first wall support structure, 30 first wall positioning block II, 31 box inner connecting block, 32 oval positioning pin I, 33 box positioning block II, 34 positioning block II, 35 oval positioning pins II and 36 box body outer side connecting blocks.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the transition plate structure suitable for independent teleoperation of the first wall of the divertor provided by the present invention comprises a first wall structure 2 (including an outer target plate 26, an outer return plate 25, a Dome24, an inner return plate 23, an inner target plate 22, and a first wall support structure 29), a transition plate structure 1,3, a box 9, a box support structure 8, 10, and cooling water pipes 4,5, 6, 7 (the figure is an isometric view, and is four different cooling water pipes), and in order to solve the technical problems described in the background art, the technical solution of the present invention is:
as shown in fig. 2, during the teleoperation of the divertor module, the connecting bolts 12,13,14,15 of the transition plate structures 1,3 located at the inner and outer sides of the upper part of the divertor module are firstly removed or installed from the window or upper window in the vacuum chamber by using the multifunctional robot arm, the transition plate structures 1,3 are removed or installed, then the first wall water inlet and outlet pipes 4,5 located at the outer side of the divertor module are cut or welded, the fastening bolts 11,16 of the first wall structure 2 and the box body 9 are removed or installed, and finally the first wall structure 2 is removed or installed from the window or upper window in the vacuum chamber, and the whole teleoperation process can be completed only through the middle window or upper window.
As shown in fig. 3, the transition plate structures 1,3 are each formed by welding a protective armour 19 and a support plate 17,18, respectively, tungsten as the protective armour 19 material, chromium zirconium copper as the support plate 17,18 material, and the inner transition plate structure 1 or the outer transition plate structure 3 is connected to the first wall support structure 29 by two connecting bolts 12,13 or 14,15, respectively. The transition plate structures 1 and 3 are respectively arranged at two ends of the upper part of the divertor structure and are positioned in a non-striking area of the divertor, so that the divertor structure does not bear high thermal load, and the service life of the divertor structure can meet the requirements of Tokamak operation and maintenance. (fig. 3 is an independent schematic view of the transition plate structure, the transition plate structure on the inner side and the outer side is composed of a protective armor 19 and supporting plates 17 and 18, the transition plates on the inner side and the outer side are different in geometric shape, and the design structures are the same).
As shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5 (which are combined to illustrate the connection manner of the first wall structure and the box body), the first wall structure 2 of the divertor is positioned by two oval positioning pins 32,35 mounted on positioning blocks 33,34 at the lower part of the box body 9, and is fastened and connected with the upper connecting blocks 31,36 of the box body by the fastening bolts 11,16 at the back of the transition plates 1,3, and the two are combined to restrict six degrees of freedom of the first wall structure, the multifunctional robot arm can provide space for dismounting or mounting the fastening bolts 11,16 of the first wall structure by dismounting the transition plates 1,3 at the inner and outer sides, and the fastening bolts 11,16 are located at the back of the transition plates 1,3, and are not easily damaged by plasma.
As shown in fig. 1, the first wall structure 2 and the box body 9 are designed with independent water cooling circulation loops. The cooling circuit of the first wall structure 2 of a single divertor module, divided into two independent left and right parts, constitutes a circulation circuit through the inside header box 21, the cooling route comprises a water inlet pipe 4, a first wall supporting structure 29, an outer target plate 26, a first wall supporting structure 29, an outer backflow plate 25, a first wall supporting structure 29, a Dome24, a first wall supporting structure 29, an inner backflow plate 23, a first wall supporting structure 29, an inner target plate 22, a first wall supporting structure 29, a flow collecting box 21, a first wall supporting structure 29, an inner target plate 22, a first wall supporting structure 29, an inner backflow plate 23, a first wall supporting structure 29, a Dome24, a first wall supporting structure 29, an outer backflow plate 25, a first wall supporting structure 29, an outer target plate 26, a first wall supporting structure 29 and a water outlet 5. (the outer target plate 26 and the first wall supporting structure 29 both belong to the first wall structure 2 and are two sub-components of the first wall structure, the first wall supporting structure 29 is internally divided into a plurality of sections of cavities to play roles in water cooling pipeline connection and flow concentration). As shown in FIG. 1, the water inlet and outlet pipes 4 and 5 of the first wall structure 2 of the divertor are designed on the back of the transition plate 3 on the outer side, the multifunctional mechanical arm can provide space for cutting the water inlet and outlet pipes 4 and 5 by removing the outer side transition plate 3, and the water inlet and outlet pipes 4 and 5 are positioned on the back of the transition plate 3 and cannot be easily damaged by plasma.
Taking the CFETR divertor in the background art as an example, the CFETR divertor is designed in a modular cartridge design to facilitate maintenance and assembly, and currently, 72 modular designs are used. The device consists of a first wall structure 2 (comprising an outer target plate 26, an outer backflow plate 25, a Dome24, an inner backflow plate 23, an inner target plate 22 and a first wall supporting structure 29), transition plate structures 1 and 3, a box body 9, box body supporting structures 8 and 10 and cooling water pipes 4,5, 6 and 7. The inner target plate 22 and the outer target plate 26 of the first wall structure 2 adopt a Monoblock structure, the Dome24, the inner backflow plate 23 and the outer backflow plate 25 adopt a flat plate structure, the material selected by the first wall has the characteristics of neutron irradiation resistance, low particle retention rate and the like, tungsten is selected as a plasma-facing material, chromium zirconium copper is selected as a heat sink material, and low-activation steel is selected as a structural material at present. The transition plate structure is formed by welding a protective armor and a supporting plate, wherein tungsten is used as a protective armor material, and chromium zirconium copper is used as a supporting plate material. The divertor first wall structure 2 is positioned by two oval positioning pins 32,35 mounted on positioning blocks 33,34 at the lower part of the box body 9, and is fastened and connected with connecting blocks 31,36 at the upper part of the box body by fastening bolts 11,16 at the back of the transition plates 1,3, and the six degrees of freedom of the first wall structure are restrained by the combination of the two. The material selected for the first wall should have the characteristics of neutron irradiation resistance, low particle retention rate and the like, and tungsten is selected as a plasma-facing material, chromium-zirconium-copper is selected as a heat sink material, and low-activation steel is selected as a structural material at present. The first wall structure 2 and the box 9 are designed with separate water cooling circulation loops. The cooling circuit of the first wall structure 2 of the single divertor module is divided into two separate parts, left and right, constituting a circulation circuit by means of the inside header box 21. During the teleoperation of the divertor module, the connection bolts 12,13,14,15 of the transition plate structures 1,3 located on the inner and outer sides of the upper part of the divertor module are firstly removed or mounted from the window or upper window in the vacuum chamber by means of a multifunctional robot arm, the transition plate structures 1,3 are removed or mounted, a space is provided for removing or mounting the first wall structure fastening bolts 11,16 and the first wall water inlet and outlet pipes 4,5, the first wall water inlet and outlet pipes 4,5 located on the outer side of the divertor module are cut or welded, the fastening bolts 11,16 of the first wall structure 2 and the box body 9 are removed or mounted, and finally the first wall structure 2 is removed or mounted from the window or upper window in the vacuum chamber. The whole teleoperation process can be completed independently only through the middle window or the upper window, the design scheme can ensure that the relative installation error between adjacent modules of the target plate of the CFETR divertor module is less than +/-2 mm, the target plate is completely covered by the tile to protect the protruding edge caused by the installation error, and the assembly can be repeated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A divertor structure adapted for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor, comprising:
the divertor structure comprises a first wall structure, a transition plate structure, a box body supporting structure and a cooling water pipe; the first wall structure comprises an outer target plate, an outer backflow plate, a Dome, an inner backflow plate, an inner target plate and a first wall support structure;
the transition plate structure is formed by welding a protective armor and a supporting plate, tungsten is used as a protective armor material, chromium zirconium copper is used as a supporting plate material, and the transition plate structure is connected with the first wall supporting structure through two connecting bolts; the transition plate structures are respectively arranged at two ends of the upper part of the divertor structure, are positioned in the non-striking area of the divertor and do not bear high thermal load; the service life meets the requirements of Tokamak operation and maintenance;
the first wall structure of the divertor is positioned by two oval positioning pins arranged on a positioning block at the lower part of the box body, and is fastened and connected with a connecting block at the upper part of the box body by a fastening bolt at the back of the transition plate, and the two combine to restrain six degrees of freedom of the first wall structure.
2. A divertor structure adapted for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the transition plate is passed through to multi-functional arm through demolising inside and outside both sides provides the space for demolising or installing first wall structure fastening bolt, and fastening bolt is located the transition plate back, can not be destroyed by plasma easily.
3. A divertor structure adapted for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the first wall structure and the box body respectively adopt independent water cooling circulation loops; the cooling loop of the first wall structure of the single divertor module is divided into two independent parts at the left and the right, and a circulating loop is formed by the collecting box at the inner side.
4. A divertor structure adapted for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the cooling route of the first wall structure is water inlet, first wall supporting structure, outer target plate, first wall supporting structure, outer backflow plate, first wall supporting structure, Dome, first wall supporting structure, inner backflow plate, first wall supporting structure, inner target plate, first wall supporting structure, flow collecting box, first wall supporting structure, inner target plate, first wall supporting structure, inner backflow plate, first wall supporting structure, Dome, first wall supporting structure, outer backflow plate, first wall supporting structure, outer target plate, first wall supporting structure and water outlet.
5. A divertor structure adapted for independent teleoperation of a first wall of a divertor as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the water inlet and outlet pipe of the first wall structure of the divertor is designed on the back of the outer transition plate, the multifunctional mechanical arm provides space for cutting the water inlet and outlet pipe by dismantling the outer transition plate, and the water inlet and outlet pipe is positioned on the back of the transition plate and cannot be easily damaged by plasma.
6. A method of teleoperation for a divertor structure adapted for independent teleoperation of a first wall of the divertor of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, in the remote operation process of a divertor module, firstly, a multifunctional mechanical arm is utilized to remove or install connecting bolts of transition plate structures on the inner side and the outer side of the upper part of the divertor module from a window or an upper window in a vacuum chamber, and the transition plate structures are removed or installed;
step 2, cutting or welding a first wall water inlet and outlet pipe positioned at the outer side of the divertor module, and dismantling or installing a fastening bolt of the first wall structure and the box body;
and 3, finally, removing or installing the first wall structure from the window in the vacuum chamber or the upper window, wherein the whole teleoperation process can be completed only through the middle window or the upper window.
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| CN112420221B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Fusion reactor divertor structure convenient for front remote operation and maintenance |
| CN112927823B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2024-01-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Closed V-shaped acute angle structure of first wall of divertor |
| CN115527694B (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-04-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Water-cooling divertor system of Tokamak fusion reactor |
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| CN107507651B (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-05-31 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of double cold loop Divertor structures suitable for Tokamak Fusion Reactor |
| CN109780010B (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-12-25 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Box body locking mechanism suitable for teleoperation of divertor of nuclear fusion reactor |
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