CN110895620A - A calculation method and system for wind load body shape coefficient of angle steel transmission tower - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法及系统，基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数；基于预先建立的角钢构件在各风向角下的体型系数库，获得角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数，并采用法向风夹角调整系数对角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数进行修正；根据修正后的角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数和角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，计算角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数。上述方案应用前景广阔，计算精度高，为准确计算角钢输电塔风荷载提供了参考和依据。
The invention provides a method and system for calculating the wind load body shape coefficient of an angle steel transmission tower. Based on a pre-built angle steel transmission tower segment full-scale wind tunnel test model, the wind load reduction coefficient of the leeward side of the angle steel tower is determined; The body shape coefficient library of the components under each wind direction angle is used to obtain the wind load body shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment, and the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient is used to determine the wind load body shape of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment. The coefficient is modified; according to the modified wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment and the wind load reduction coefficient on the leeward side of the angle steel tower, the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower is calculated. The above scheme has broad application prospects and high calculation accuracy, which provides a reference and basis for accurate calculation of the wind load of angle steel transmission towers.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于输电线路设计荷载计算方法领域，具体涉及一种角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法及系统。The invention belongs to the field of calculation methods for design loads of transmission lines, and in particular relates to a method and a system for calculating the shape coefficients of wind loads of angle steel transmission towers.
背景技术Background technique
输电线路角钢塔在输电工程中应用广泛，风荷载是角钢输电塔设计中的控制荷载，计算角钢输电塔节段的风荷载体型系数是角钢输电塔抗风设计中的关键问题。Transmission line angle steel towers are widely used in power transmission projects, and wind load is the control load in the design of angle steel transmission towers.
角钢输电塔风荷载效应属于典型的钝体绕流范畴，常伴有气流分离、再附和旋涡脱落等现象，其雷诺数效应较为复杂。作为角钢输电塔风荷载计算的关键参数之一，风荷载体型系数一般与构件的形状、塔架的高宽比、周围遮蔽效应以及角钢输电塔节段的填充率有关。The wind load effect of angle steel transmission tower belongs to the typical category of flow around a bluff body, and is often accompanied by phenomena such as airflow separation, reattachment and vortex shedding, and its Reynolds number effect is relatively complex. As one of the key parameters in the calculation of the wind load of angle steel transmission tower, the wind load body shape coefficient is generally related to the shape of the component, the height-to-width ratio of the tower, the surrounding shading effect and the fill rate of the angle steel transmission tower segment.
现在节段的风荷载体型系数一般按照节段的整体或是节段的迎风面考虑，现行的设计标准(DL/T5154-2012架空输电线路杆塔结构设计技术规定)中规定，角钢输电塔节段的风荷载体型系数取为1.3(1+η)，其中η为塔架背风面降低系数，η可以根据填充系数As/A和b/a查表得到，As为迎风面构件的投影面积，A为塔架的轮廓面积，a为塔架的迎风面宽度，b为塔架迎风面与背风面之间的距离。At present, the wind load body type coefficient of the segment is generally considered according to the overall segment or the windward side of the segment. The current design standard (DL/T5154-2012 Technical Specifications for the Design of Tower Structures for Overhead Transmission Lines) stipulates that the angle steel transmission tower segment The form factor of the wind load is taken as 1.3(1+η), where η is the reduction coefficient of the leeward side of the tower, η can be obtained by looking up the table according to the filling factor As/A and b/a, As is the projected area of the windward side member, A is the contour area of the tower, a is the width of the windward side of the tower, and b is the distance between the windward and leeward sides of the tower.
ASCE74-2009美国输电线路杆塔结构设计技术规定是按照迎风面的考虑，根据迎风面填充率的不同计算正方形和三角形截面桁架结构的风力系数(风荷载体型系数)。EN50341-1：2001欧盟输电线路设计规范是先计算填充率，然后根据填充率和体型系数的关系图计算体型系数。JEC127-1979日本输电线路铁塔设计规范中的风荷载体型系数主要是通过风洞试验得到，塔架的体型系数分为了前后面斜材重合截面和不重合截面两类，将填充率代入公式进行计算，横担的体型系数按照塔架体型系数的90％考虑。IEC60826:2003输电线路国际标准的风荷载体型系数的计算与欧盟规范相同。The ASCE74-2009 technical regulations for the design of tower structures of transmission lines in the United States are based on the consideration of the windward side and the calculation of the wind coefficient (wind load shape coefficient) of the square and triangular section truss structures according to the different filling rates of the windward side. EN50341-1: 2001 EU transmission line design specification is to first calculate the filling rate, and then calculate the body shape coefficient according to the relationship between the filling rate and the body shape coefficient. The shape coefficient of wind load in JEC127-1979 Japanese transmission line tower design code is mainly obtained through wind tunnel tests. The shape coefficient of the tower is divided into two types: the front and rear slanted material overlapping sections and the non-overlapping sections. The filling rate is substituted into the formula for calculation. , the shape factor of the cross arm is considered as 90% of the shape factor of the tower. The calculation of the wind load shape factor of the IEC60826:2003 international standard for transmission lines is the same as that of the EU code.
通过各国风荷载体型系数计算的公式对比分析发现，规范杆塔风荷载体型系数都是与填充率相关的函数，这种方法是一种整体上的构思，以整段的塔架或塔架的部分作为整体进行考虑，然而对于限制计算精度的影响因素方面的考虑过于单一。由此导致计算精度偏低，且适用性差。Through the comparative analysis of the formulas for the calculation of the wind load shape coefficients in various countries, it is found that the wind load shape coefficients of the standard towers are all functions related to the filling rate. This method is an overall concept. Considered as a whole, however, the consideration of the influencing factors that limit the calculation accuracy is too single. As a result, the calculation accuracy is low and the applicability is poor.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法及系统，充分地考虑了限制计算精度的影响因素，为准确计算角钢输电塔风荷载提供了参考和依据，应用前景广阔，解决了现行规范计算方法中考虑的影响因子过于单一造成的计算精度低、适用性差的问题。In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for calculating the shape coefficient of the wind load of an angle steel transmission tower, which fully considers the influencing factors that limit the calculation accuracy, and provides a reference and basis for the accurate calculation of the wind load of the angle steel transmission tower. The application prospect is broad, and the problems of low calculation accuracy and poor applicability caused by too single influencing factors considered in the current standard calculation method are solved.
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法，包括：A method for calculating the wind load body shape coefficient of an angle steel transmission tower, comprising:
基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数；Based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment, the wind load reduction factor of the leeward side of the angle steel tower is determined;
基于预先建立的角钢构件在各风向角下的体型系数库，获得角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数，并采用法向风夹角调整系数对所述角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数进行修正；Based on the pre-established body shape coefficient library of angle steel members under each wind direction angle, the shape coefficient of the single-piece truss wind load on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment is obtained, and the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient is used to adjust the windward direction of the angle steel transmission tower segment. Modify the shape coefficient of the wind load of the single-piece truss;
根据修正后的角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数和角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，计算角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数。According to the modified wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment and the wind load reduction coefficient of the leeward side of the angle steel tower, the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower is calculated.
优选的，所述基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数包括：Preferably, based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment, determining the wind load reduction coefficient on the leeward side of the angle steel tower includes:
基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面与迎风面风荷载体型系数；Based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment, determine the leeward side and windward side wind load body shape coefficients of the angle steel tower;
根据角钢塔架的背风面与迎风面风荷载体型系数，计算角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数。According to the leeward side and windward side wind load shape coefficients of the angle steel tower, the reduction factor of the wind load on the leeward side of the angle steel tower is calculated.
进一步地，获取所述角钢塔架的背风面与迎风面风荷载体型系数包括：Further, obtaining the wind load shape coefficients of the leeward side and the windward side of the angle steel tower includes:
将角钢塔架的迎风面与高频测力天平相连；Connect the windward side of the angle steel tower to the high-frequency force balance;
背风面安装在滑动导轨上，与所述高频测力天平分离；The leeward side is installed on the sliding guide rail and is separated from the high-frequency force balance;
采用高频测力天平分别测出角钢塔架迎风面与背风面的风荷载体型系数；或者，Use a high-frequency force balance to measure the wind load shape coefficients of the windward and leeward sides of the angle steel tower respectively; or,
将角钢塔架的背风面与高频测力天平相连；Connect the leeward side of the angle steel tower to the high-frequency force balance;
迎风面安装在滑动导轨上移动，与所述高频测力天平分离；The windward side is installed on the sliding guide rail to move, and is separated from the high-frequency force balance;
采用高频测力天平分别测出角钢塔架迎风面与背风面的风荷载体型系数。A high-frequency force balance was used to measure the wind load body shape coefficients on the windward and leeward sides of the angle steel tower respectively.
优选的，通过下式确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数：Preferably, the wind load reduction factor on the leeward side of the angle steel tower is determined by the following formula:
η＝μb/μf η= μb / μf
式中，η为角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，μb、μf分别为角钢塔架的背风面风荷载体型系数和迎风面风荷载体型系数。where η is the wind load reduction coefficient on the leeward side of the angle steel tower, and μ b and μ f are the leeward side wind load shape coefficient and the windward wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower, respectively.
进一步地，所述基于预先建立的角钢构件在各风向角下的体型系数库，获得角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数包括：Further, based on the pre-established body shape coefficient library of angle steel members under each wind direction angle, obtaining the wind load body shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment includes:
根据所述风荷载体型系数库中角钢输电塔节段迎风面角钢构件空间布置情况，采用表格插值法获得角钢构件的风向角以及角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架上的角钢构件风荷载体型系数；According to the spatial arrangement of angle steel members on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment in the wind load body type coefficient library, the wind direction angle of the angle steel member and the wind load body type of the angle steel member on the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment are obtained by table interpolation. coefficient;
根据所述角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架上的角钢构件风荷载体型系数，计算角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数；According to the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel member on the windward side monolithic truss of the angle steel transmission tower segment, calculate the wind load shape coefficient of the single truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment;
根据所述角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数，定义法向风夹角调整系数；其中，所述角钢构件包括冷弯角钢和热轧角钢。According to the wind load body type coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment, the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient is defined; wherein, the angle steel member includes cold-formed angle steel and hot-rolled angle steel.
进一步地，所述角钢构件在各风向角下的体型系数库的建立包括：Further, the establishment of the body shape coefficient library of the angle steel member under each wind direction angle includes:
通过预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型对角钢构件进行风洞试验；或者，对角钢构件进行CFD数值仿真；Perform wind tunnel tests on angle steel members through a pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model for angle steel transmission tower segments; or, perform CFD numerical simulation on angle steel members;
获取风洞试验结果和CFD数值仿真结果，建立角钢构件在各风向角下的风荷载体型系数库。The wind tunnel test results and CFD numerical simulation results were obtained, and the wind load body shape coefficient library of the angle steel members under each wind direction was established.
进一步地，通过下式确定角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数：Further, the wind load body type coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment is determined by the following formula:
式中，
进一步地，所述定义法向风夹角调整系数包括：Further, the defined normal wind angle adjustment coefficient includes:
将迎风面单片桁架法向风向与气流方向的夹角定义为法向风夹角β；The angle between the normal wind direction and the airflow direction of the single-piece truss on the windward side is defined as the normal wind angle β;
根据足尺模型风洞试验或CFD数值仿真获得不同法向风夹角β下的迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数；According to the full-scale model wind tunnel test or CFD numerical simulation, the wind load shape coefficients of the single-piece truss on the windward side under different normal wind angles β are obtained;
定义所述法向风夹角β下的法向风夹角调整系数λ为法向风夹角β下的迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数与法向风夹角0°下的迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数的比值。Define the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient λ under the normal wind angle β as the wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side under the normal wind angle β and the windward side single truss at the normal wind angle of 0°. Ratio of form factors for sheet truss wind loads.
优选的，通过下式对所述角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数进行修正：Preferably, the wind load body type factor of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment is corrected by the following formula:
式中，
进一步地，通过下式确定角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数：Further, the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower is determined by the following formula:
式中，CDT为角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数，η为角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，
一种角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算系统，包括：An angle steel transmission tower wind load body shape coefficient calculation system, comprising:
第一计算模块，用于基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数；The first calculation module is used to determine the wind load reduction factor on the leeward side of the angle steel tower based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment;
修正模块，用于基于预先建立的角钢构件在各风向角下的体型系数库，获得角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数，并采用法向风夹角调整系数对所述角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数进行修正；The correction module is used to obtain the shape coefficient of the wind load of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment based on the pre-established body shape coefficient library of the angle steel member under each wind direction angle, and use the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient to adjust the angle steel Correction of the wind load body shape factor of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the transmission tower segment;
第二计算模块，用于根据修正后的角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数和角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，计算角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数。The second calculation module is used to calculate the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower according to the modified wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment and the wind load reduction coefficient of the leeward side of the angle steel tower.
与最接近的现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果：Compared with the closest prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提出的一种角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法及系统，基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数；基于预先建立的角钢构件在各风向角下的体型系数库，获得角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数，并采用法向风夹角调整系数对所述角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数进行修正。充分地考虑了限制计算精度的影响因素：复杂结构形式和不规则的杆件布置的影响、气流流向与角钢摆放方向的影响，以及输电角钢塔节段迎风面单片桁架倾斜的影响，应用前景广阔；解决了现行规范计算方法中考虑的影响因子过于单一造成的计算精度低、适用性差的问题。The method and system for calculating the wind load body shape coefficient of an angle steel transmission tower proposed by the present invention are based on a pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment to determine the wind load reduction coefficient on the leeward side of the angle steel tower; The body shape coefficient library of the angle steel members under each wind direction angle is obtained, and the wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment is obtained, and the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient is used to adjust the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment. The wind load shape factor is corrected. The influencing factors that limit the calculation accuracy are fully considered: the influence of complex structural forms and irregular member arrangements, the influence of airflow direction and the direction of angle steel placement, and the influence of the inclination of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the transmission angle steel tower segment. It has broad prospects; it solves the problems of low calculation accuracy and poor applicability caused by too single influencing factors considered in the current normative calculation method.
最后根据修正后的角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数和角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，计算角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数，为更为准确的计算角钢输电塔风荷载提供参考和依据，有效提高了计算角钢输电塔风荷载的精确度。Finally, according to the modified wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment and the wind load reduction coefficient on the leeward side of the angle steel tower, the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower is calculated, so as to calculate the angle steel transmission tower more accurately. The wind load provides a reference and basis, which effectively improves the accuracy of calculating the wind load of the angle steel transmission tower.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明具体实施方式提供的角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法流程图；Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the calculation method of the wind load body shape coefficient of the angle steel transmission tower provided by the specific embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明具体实施方式提供的角钢模型；Fig. 2 is the angle steel model that the specific embodiment of the present invention provides;
图中：(a)为冷弯角钢，(b)为热轧角钢；In the figure: (a) is a cold-formed angle steel, (b) is a hot-rolled angle steel;
图3为本发明具体实施方式提供的风向角示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of a wind direction angle provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;
图中：(a)为风向角α的空间位置说明图，(b)为典型风向角示例说明；In the figure: (a) is an illustration of the spatial position of the wind direction angle α, (b) is an example of a typical wind direction angle;
图4为本发明具体实施方式提供的法向风夹角示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of a normal wind angle provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明具体实施方式提供的典型角钢输电塔塔身节段施工图；5 is a construction drawing of a typical angle steel transmission tower tower body segment provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention;
图中：①②为塔身主材，③④为塔身斜材，⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩为塔身辅助材。In the picture: ①② is the main material of the tower body, ③④ is the inclined material of the tower body, and ⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩ is the auxiliary material of the tower body.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明针对现行规范角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法存在三个不足：一是现行规范只考虑填充系数，无法考虑复杂结构形式和不规则的杆件布置的影响，二是无法考虑气流流向与角钢摆放方向的影响，三是无法考虑输电角钢塔节段迎风面单片桁架倾斜的影响。以及，基于上述三个不足导致按照现行规范计算的角钢输电塔风荷载的精确度有待提高的迫切需求，提出一种角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法。The present invention has three deficiencies in the calculation method of the wind load body shape coefficient of the angle steel transmission tower in the current specification: first, the current specification only considers the filling coefficient, and cannot consider the influence of complex structural forms and irregular rod arrangements; The influence of the angle steel placement direction, and thirdly, the influence of the inclination of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the transmission angle steel tower segment cannot be considered. And, based on the urgent need to improve the accuracy of the wind load of angle steel transmission tower calculated according to the current specifications due to the above three deficiencies, a method for calculating the shape coefficient of the wind load of angle steel transmission tower is proposed.
该方法首先依据风洞试验结果给出基于足尺模型风洞试验的角钢塔架背风面风荷载降低系数η的确定方法；依据足尺模型风洞试验或CFD数值仿真确定角钢杆件在不同风向角下的体型系数库；根据角钢输电塔节段迎风面角钢构件空间布置特点，基于角钢构件不同风向角下的体型系数库，给出角钢输电塔节段迎风面体型系数；考虑输电角钢塔节段迎风面单片桁架倾斜的影响，提出了法向风夹角调整系数λ，给出了考虑法向风夹角修正的角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数；最后提出一种基于角钢风荷载体型系数得到角钢输电塔节段的风荷载体型系数计算方法，为更为准确的计算角钢输电塔风荷载提供参考和依据。This method firstly provides a method for determining the wind load reduction coefficient η on the leeward side of the angle steel tower based on the full-scale model wind tunnel test based on the wind tunnel test results; The shape coefficient library under the angle; according to the spatial arrangement characteristics of the angle steel members on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment, based on the shape coefficient library of the angle steel members under different wind direction angles, the shape coefficient of the windward surface of the angle steel transmission tower segment is given; considering the transmission angle steel tower section According to the influence of the inclination of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the segment, the adjustment coefficient λ of the normal wind angle is proposed, and the wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment considering the correction of the normal wind angle is proposed. Finally, a A calculation method of the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel transmission tower segment is obtained based on the angle steel wind load shape coefficient, which provides a reference and basis for more accurate calculation of the wind load of the angle steel transmission tower.
与传统的角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法相比，解决了现行规范计算方法无法考虑复杂结构形式和不规则的杆件布置的影响，无法考虑气流流向与角钢摆放方向的影响，无法考虑输电角钢塔节段迎风面单片桁架倾斜的影响的问题，具有更好的适用性。Compared with the traditional calculation method of wind load body shape coefficient of angle steel transmission tower, it solves the problem that the current code calculation method cannot consider the influence of complex structural forms and irregular rod arrangement, and cannot consider the influence of airflow direction and angle steel placement direction. The problem of the influence of the tilt of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the transmission angle steel tower segment has better applicability.
如图1所示，本发明提供的角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算方法包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the method for calculating the wind load body shape coefficient of an angle steel transmission tower provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
S1基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数；S1 is based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment to determine the wind load reduction factor on the leeward side of the angle steel tower;
S2基于预先建立的角钢构件在各风向角下的体型系数库，获得角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数，并采用法向风夹角调整系数对所述角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数进行修正；S2 is based on the pre-established body shape coefficient library of angle steel members under each wind direction and angle, obtains the shape coefficient of the wind load of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment, and uses the normal wind angle adjustment factor to adjust the angle steel transmission tower segment. Correction of the wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side;
S3根据修正后的角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数和角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，计算角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数。S3 calculates the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower according to the modified wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment and the wind load reduction coefficient of the leeward side of the angle steel tower.
步骤S1中，基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数包括：In step S1, based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment, the determination of the wind load reduction coefficient on the leeward side of the angle steel tower includes:
基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面与迎风面风荷载体型系数；Based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment, determine the leeward side and windward side wind load body shape coefficients of the angle steel tower;
根据角钢塔架的背风面与迎风面风荷载体型系数，计算角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数。According to the leeward side and windward side wind load shape coefficients of the angle steel tower, the reduction factor of the wind load on the leeward side of the angle steel tower is calculated.
其中，基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面与迎风面风荷载体型系数包括：Among them, based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment, the determination of the leeward and windward side wind load body shape coefficients of the angle steel tower includes:
根据角钢输电塔结构施工图设计角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，将角钢塔架的迎风面与高频测力天平相连；背风面安装在滑动导轨上移动，与高频测力天平分离；采用高频测力天平分别测出角钢塔架迎风面与背风面的风荷载体型系数；或者，Design the full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment according to the structural construction drawing of the angle steel transmission tower, and connect the windward side of the angle steel tower to the high-frequency force balance; Separate; use a high-frequency force balance to measure the wind load body shape coefficients of the windward and leeward sides of the angle steel tower respectively; or,
将角钢塔架的背风面与高频测力天平相连；Connect the leeward side of the angle steel tower to the high-frequency force balance;
迎风面安装在滑动导轨上移动，与所述高频测力天平分离；The windward side is installed on the sliding guide rail to move, and is separated from the high-frequency force balance;
采用高频测力天平分别测出角钢塔架迎风面与背风面的风荷载体型系数。A high-frequency force balance was used to measure the wind load body shape coefficients on the windward and leeward sides of the angle steel tower respectively.
此外通过下式确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数：In addition, the wind load reduction factor on the leeward side of the angle steel tower is determined by the following formula:
η＝μb/μf η= μb / μf
式中，η为角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，μb、μf分别为角钢塔架的背风面风荷载体型系数和迎风面风荷载体型系数。where η is the wind load reduction coefficient on the leeward side of the angle steel tower, and μ b and μ f are the leeward side wind load shape coefficient and the windward wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower, respectively.
步骤S2中，角钢构件在不同风向角下的体型系数库的建立包括：In step S2, the establishment of the body shape coefficient library of the angle steel member under different wind directions includes:
通过预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型对角钢构件进行风洞试验；或者，对角钢构件进行CFD数值仿真；Perform wind tunnel tests on angle steel members through a pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model for angle steel transmission tower segments; or, perform CFD numerical simulation on angle steel members;
获取风洞试验结果和CFD数值仿真结果，建立角钢构件在各风向角下的风荷载体型系数库。The wind tunnel test results and CFD numerical simulation results were obtained, and the wind load body shape coefficient library of the angle steel members under each wind direction was established.
例如，选取冷弯角钢(图2(a))和热轧角钢(图2(b))两种角钢建立不同风向角下的体型系数库，图中肢边长度记为b，肢边厚度记为t。气流流向与角钢对称轴夹角定义为风向角α，如图3(a)所示。For example, two kinds of angle steels, cold-formed angle steel (Fig. 2(a)) and hot-rolled angle steel (Fig. 2(b)), are selected to establish the body shape coefficient library under different wind direction angles. is t. The angle between the airflow direction and the symmetry axis of the angle steel is defined as the wind direction angle α, as shown in Figure 3(a).
依据足尺模型风洞试验或CFD数值仿真得到冷弯角钢和热轧角钢在不同风向角下的风荷载体型系数库，风向角范围为0°～180°，每隔10°为1个风向角。除此，还包括45°、135°这2个典型风向角，风荷载体型系数库如表1所示：According to the full-scale model wind tunnel test or CFD numerical simulation, the wind load body shape coefficient library of cold-formed angle steel and hot-rolled angle steel under different wind direction angles is obtained. The wind direction angle ranges from 0° to 180°, and every 10° is a wind direction angle. . In addition, it also includes two typical wind direction angles of 45° and 135°. The wind load body type coefficient library is shown in Table 1:
表1风荷载体型系数Table 1 Wind load body type coefficient
角钢构件的风荷载体型系数可以根据表格插值得到。The wind load form factor of the angle steel member can be obtained by interpolation according to the table.
步骤S2，基于角钢构件在不同风向角下的体型系数库，获得角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数和相应的法向风夹角调整系数包括：Step S2, based on the body shape coefficient library of the angle steel members under different wind direction angles, obtain the shape coefficient of the single-piece truss wind load on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment and the corresponding normal wind angle adjustment coefficient, including:
a,根据风荷载体型系数库中角钢输电塔节段迎风面角钢构件空间布置情况，采用表格插值法获得角钢构件的风向角以及角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架上的角钢构件风荷载体型系数；一般情况下，肢背朝外角钢构件风向角为135°，肢尖朝外角钢构件风向角为45°。a. According to the spatial arrangement of angle steel members on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment in the wind load body type coefficient library, the wind direction angle of the angle steel member and the wind load body type of the angle steel member on the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment are obtained by table interpolation In general, the wind direction angle of the angle steel member with the back of the limb facing outward is 135°, and the wind direction angle of the angle steel member with the tip of the limb facing outward is 45°.
b,根据角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架上的角钢构件风荷载体型系数，计算角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数；b. Calculate the wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle-steel transmission tower segment according to the wind-load shape coefficient of the angle-steel member on the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle-steel transmission tower segment;
c,根据角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数定义法向风夹角调整系数。c, Define the normal wind angle adjustment factor according to the wind load body type factor of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment.
某一塔架中第i根角钢构件的有效投影面积为Ai，则下式可以计算得到角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架加权风荷载体型系数
式中，
步骤c中，定义法向风夹角调整系数包括：In step c, defining the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient includes:
将迎风面单片桁架法向风向与气流方向的夹角定义为法向风夹角β，如图4所示。The angle between the normal wind direction and the airflow direction of the single-piece truss on the windward side is defined as the normal wind angle β, as shown in Figure 4.
根据足尺模型风洞试验或CFD数值仿真获得不同法向风夹角β下的迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数；According to the full-scale model wind tunnel test or CFD numerical simulation, the wind load shape coefficients of the single-piece truss on the windward side under different normal wind angles β are obtained;
定义所述法向风夹角β下的法向风夹角调整系数λ为法向风夹角β下的迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数与法向风夹角0°下的迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数的比值。Define the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient λ under the normal wind angle β as the wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side under the normal wind angle β and the windward side single truss at the normal wind angle of 0°. Ratio of form factors for sheet truss wind loads.
输电角钢塔迎风面单片桁架的法向风夹角一般在0～20°以内。结合足尺模型风洞试验或CFD数值仿真结果，0～10°法向风夹角调整系数λ取为0.98，10～20°法向风夹角调整系数λ取为0.96。The normal wind angle of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the transmission angle steel tower is generally within 0 to 20°. Combined with the results of the full-scale model wind tunnel test or CFD numerical simulation, the adjustment coefficient λ of the 0-10° normal wind angle is taken as 0.98, and the 10-20° normal wind angle adjustment coefficient λ is taken as 0.96.
步骤S2，通过下式修正角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数：Step S2, modify the wind load body type coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment by the following formula:
式中，
步骤S3通过下式确定角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数：In step S3, the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower is determined by the following formula:
式中，CDT为角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数，η为角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，
实施例Example
应用具体实例介绍采用上述方法进行角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算的过程：The specific application example introduces the process of calculating the wind load body shape coefficient of the angle steel transmission tower using the above method:
以某500kV输电线路角钢输电塔为例，如图4：该节段塔身主材、塔身斜材和辅助材的规格分别为L180×14、L100×7和L40×4。①②④⑤⑦⑨角钢构件风向角为135°,③⑥⑧⑩角钢构件风向角为45°Taking an angle steel transmission tower of a 500kV transmission line as an example, as shown in Figure 4: the specifications of the main material, inclined material and auxiliary material of the tower body in this section are L180×14, L100×7 and L40×4 respectively. ①②④⑤⑦⑨The wind direction angle of angle steel members is 135°, and the wind direction angle of ③⑥⑧⑩ angle steel members is 45°
首先按照步骤S1方法，根据附图3所示角钢输电塔塔身节段施工图设计角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，分别把角钢塔架迎风面或背风面单独与高频测力天平相连，另一个面安装在滑动导轨上移动，该面与高频测力天平分离，分别测出背风面风荷载体型系数μb与迎风面风荷载体型系数μf，由下式计算得到角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数η。First, according to the method of step S1, design the full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment according to the construction drawing of the angle steel transmission tower tower body section shown in Fig. The balance is connected, and the other surface is installed on the sliding guide rail to move. This surface is separated from the high-frequency force balance, and the shape coefficient of the wind load on the leeward side μ b and the shape coefficient of the wind load on the windward side μ f are measured respectively, and the angle steel is calculated by the following formula Wind load reduction factor η on the leeward side of the tower.
η＝μb/μf＝0.84/1.40＝0.60η=μb/ μf = 0.84/1.40=0.60
按照步骤S2-S3的方法，依据足尺模型风洞试验或CFD数值仿真得到冷弯角钢和热轧角钢在不同风向角下的风荷载体型系数库，由数据库得到各个杆件的风荷载体型系数According to the method of steps S2-S3, according to the full-scale model wind tunnel test or CFD numerical simulation, the wind load shape coefficient library of cold-formed angle steel and hot-rolled angle steel under different wind direction angles is obtained, and the wind load shape coefficient of each bar is obtained from the database.
表2各个杆件的风荷载体型系数Table 2 The wind load body shape coefficient of each member
按照步骤S3方法，各个构件的投影面积如表3所示。According to the method of step S3, the projected area of each component is shown in Table 3.
表3各个杆件的投影面积Table 3 Projected area of each member
计算得到角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架加权风荷载体型系数
按照步骤S3方法，确定法向风夹角调整系数λ＝0.98。According to the method of step S3, the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient λ=0.98 is determined.
按照步骤S4方法，计算考虑法向风夹角修正的角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数
按照步骤S5方法，计算钢管输电塔塔架风荷载体型系数，根据步骤S2和步骤S4，分别得到钢管输电塔背风面风荷载降低系数修正系数η和考虑法向风夹角修正的单片桁架加权风荷载体型系数
基于同一发明构思，本申请还提出一种角钢输电塔风荷载体型系数计算系统，包括：Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also proposes a system for calculating the wind load body shape coefficient of an angle steel transmission tower, including:
第一计算模块，用于基于预先构建的角钢输电塔节段足尺风洞试验模型，确定角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数；The first calculation module is used to determine the wind load reduction factor on the leeward side of the angle steel tower based on the pre-built full-scale wind tunnel test model of the angle steel transmission tower segment;
修正模块，用于基于预先建立的角钢构件在各风向角下的体型系数库，获得角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数，并采用法向风夹角调整系数对所述角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数进行修正；The correction module is used to obtain the shape coefficient of the wind load of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment based on the pre-established body shape coefficient library of the angle steel member under each wind direction angle, and use the normal wind angle adjustment coefficient to adjust the angle steel Correction of the wind load body shape factor of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the transmission tower segment;
第二计算模块，用于根据修正后的角钢输电塔节段迎风面单片桁架风荷载体型系数和角钢塔架的背风面风荷载降低系数，计算角钢塔架的风荷载体型系数。The second calculation module is used to calculate the wind load shape coefficient of the angle steel tower according to the modified wind load shape coefficient of the single-piece truss on the windward side of the angle steel transmission tower segment and the wind load reduction coefficient of the leeward side of the angle steel tower.
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It will be understood that each process and/or block in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of processes and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to the processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce Means for implementing the functions specified in a flow or flow of a flowchart and/or a block or blocks of a block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory result in an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions The apparatus implements the functions specified in the flow or flow of the flowcharts and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process such that The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow or blocks of the flowcharts and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.
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