CN110895121A - 四肢柔性防护装具及其制备方法 - Google Patents

四肢柔性防护装具及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110895121A
CN110895121A CN201911318011.3A CN201911318011A CN110895121A CN 110895121 A CN110895121 A CN 110895121A CN 201911318011 A CN201911318011 A CN 201911318011A CN 110895121 A CN110895121 A CN 110895121A
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bulletproof
cloth
cushion layer
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human body
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朱德举
黄小桐
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Hunan University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种四肢柔性防护装具及其制备方法，其中防护装具包括用于保护人体上臂、前臂、大腿及小腿的第一护具、用于保护人体肘关节、肩关节及膝关节的第二护具，所述第一护具包括由外至内两两缝合连接的外布、两层凯夫拉纤维布和内布，在两层凯夫拉纤维布间布置有若干交错叠加布置的防弹鳞片，在位于内侧的凯夫拉纤维布与内布之嵌装有超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布，所述第二护具包括内垫层及固接在内垫层外表面的若干曲面状防弹板，各曲面状防弹板在内垫层上沿关节弯曲方向依次叠加排布呈虾尾状。本发明既可以起到有效防弹、防破片、防刺的作用，又具有良好的柔韧性，可以根据穿戴者的体形进行设计制备，可应用于人体四肢的防护。

Description

四肢柔性防护装具及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种四肢柔性防护装具及其制备方法。
背景技术
冷战结束后，传统的大规模、高强度战场攻防作战相对减少。但是应地域争端、反恐、维和需求，持久的小规模作战无法避免。由于时间持久，士兵遭受步兵轻武器弹丸及破片袭击的风险日益增大，其危险性有时甚至要高于大规模战场军事行动，美国在伊拉克主要军事行动结束后，士兵遭受袭击导致的伤亡人数要大大高于主要战争行动期间，无疑就说明了这一点。为了保护士兵生命安全，维持部队士气与战斗力和保证行动成功，制备具有多功能的单兵弹道防护装备尤为重要。
对于单兵防弹衣，不仅需要具备防弹、防破片、防刺、防火、抗冲击的能力，还需避免防弹衣发生较大变形而导致非贯穿损伤，保证柔性也是提高士兵机动性的重要因素。目前的单兵防护装备主要可分为三类：硬质防护装备、软质防护装备以及复合防护装备。硬质防护装备主要用特种钢、铝合金等金属作防弹材料，这类防护装备尽管可以有效抵挡子弹，但着装笨重，不舒适，而且采用硬质陶瓷，将会产生大量碎片，可能产生二次伤害；软质防护装备，轻巧隐蔽，适体性好，但被子弹击中后变形大，易产生非贯穿性损伤，且对刀具的穿刺不能起到有效防护作用。第三种复合防护装备是当今各国主要研制的方向，即利用变形模量大的硬质钢板、陶瓷和软质、舒适度更好地纤维织物组合，但目前的复合防护装备多以防弹背心为主，无法为使用者的手臂及腿部提供有效的保护，导致使用者会因手臂或腿部受伤作战能力降低甚至丧失。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足之处，提供一种在不影响穿戴者灵活性前提下，保护四肢不受爆炸过热气体、弹片和爆炸装置碎片伤害的四肢柔性防护装具及其制备方法。
本发明提供的这种四肢柔性防护装具，包括用于保护人体上臂、前臂、大腿及小腿的第一护具、用于保护人体肘关节、肩关节及膝关节的第二护具，所述第一护具包括由外至内两两缝合连接的外布、两层凯夫拉纤维布和内布，在两层凯夫拉纤维布间布置有若干交错叠加布置的防弹鳞片，在位于内侧的凯夫拉纤维布与内布之嵌装有超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布，所述第二护具包括内垫层及固接在内垫层外表面的若干曲面状防弹板，各曲面状防弹板在内垫层上沿关节弯曲方向依次叠加排布呈虾尾状。
为使本发明可快速穿脱，所述第一护具由布置于外布及内布对应处的魔术贴连接成筒状，以紧固于人体上臂、前臂、大腿或小腿处。
为使本发明的穿戴更加牢靠，用于保护人体大腿的第一护具上还设有用于与防弹背心粘接的腰带粘扣。
为使本发明可快速穿脱，所述第二护具由布置于内垫层对应处的尼龙搭扣连接紧固于人体对应处。
为使本发明的穿戴更加牢靠，用于保护人体肘关节及膝关节的第二护具的内垫层上还设有与相邻第一护具外布粘接的内粘扣。
为使本发明的穿戴更加牢靠，用于保护人体肩关节的第二护具的内垫层上还设有用于与防弹背心粘接的肩粘扣。
所述防弹鳞片和曲面状防弹板均由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制成，
所述防弹鳞片为长轴为40mm、短轴为30mm、高4mm的椭圆柱体，相邻防弹鳞片间叠加宽度为5mm。
本发明还提供了一种适用于上述四肢柔性防护装具的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、通过粘合剂将一个个防弹鳞片交错叠加的粘结于一块凯夫拉纤维布上表面，通过粘合剂将另一块凯夫拉纤维布粘结于各防弹鳞片上表面，沿防弹鳞片的外周围将两块凯夫拉纤维布缝合成一体形成防弹布袋；
S2、将外布、防弹布袋、超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布和内布由上至下依次平行放置，沿防弹鳞片的外周围将外布与防弹布袋缝合成一体，沿超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布的外周围将内布与防弹布袋缝合成一体；
S3、将平面防弹板折弯成曲面状防弹板；
S4、通过铆接或粘接的方式将上述曲面状防弹板沿关节弯曲方向依次叠加的固定在内垫层上，相邻曲面状防弹板在内垫层上呈虾尾状排布。
在所述步骤S3中，用于保护人体肘关节及肩关节的曲面状防弹板的弯曲半径为45mm～50mm，用于保护人体膝关节的曲面状防弹板的弯曲半径为55mm～60mm。
本发明通过在关节处将人体四肢进行分段保护，利用第一护具对人体上臂、前臂、大腿及小腿进行有效防护，采用仿生设计，将第二护具设计成龙虾尾式鳞片状对人体肘关节、肩关节及膝关节进行有效防护，在保证防护效果的同时不妨碍穿戴者肢体间的灵活性。本发明既可以起到有效防弹、防破片、防刺的作用，又具有良好的柔韧性，可以根据穿戴者的体形进行设计制备，可应用于人体四肢的防护。
附图说明
图1为本发明中用于人体上臂、前臂、肘关节及肩关节的四肢柔性防护装具的结构示意图。
图2为本发明中用于人体大腿、小腿、膝关节的四肢柔性防护装具的结构示意图。
图3为本发明中第一护具的局部剖视结构示意图。
图4为本发明中防弹鳞片的轴侧结构示意图。
图5为图3中A-A处剖视放大结构示意图。
图6为本发明中曲面状防弹板的轴侧结构示意图。
图中示出的标记及所对应的构件名称为：
1、第一护具；11、外布；12、防弹鳞片；13、凯夫拉纤维布；14、超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布；15、内布；16、魔术贴；17、腰带粘扣；
2、第二护具；21、内垫层；22、曲面状防弹板；23、尼龙搭扣；24、内粘扣；25、肩粘扣。
具体实施方式
从图1和图2可以看出，本发明这种四肢柔性防护装具，包括用于保护人体上臂、前臂、大腿及小腿的第一护具1、用于保护人体肘关节、肩关节及膝关节的第二护具2，第一护具1通过其表面对应处布置的魔术贴16粘接成筒状，紧固于人体上臂、前臂、大腿或小腿处；在用于保护人体大腿的第一护具1上还设有用于与防弹背心粘接的腰带粘扣17；第二护具2包括内垫层21及通过铆接或粘接固定于内垫层21外表面的若干曲面状防弹板22，各曲面状防弹板22在内垫层上沿关节弯曲方向依次叠加排布呈虾尾状；第二护具2由布置于内垫层21对应处的尼龙搭扣23连接紧固于人体对应处；用于保护人体肘关节及膝关节的第二护具2的内垫层21上设有与相邻第一护具1外表面粘接的内粘扣24；用于保护人体肩关节的第二护具2的内垫层上还设有用于与防弹背心粘接的肩粘扣25。
从图3至图5可以看出，本发明的第一护具1包括由外至内依次布置的外布11、两层凯夫拉纤维布13、超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布14和内布15，在两层凯夫拉纤维布13之间通过粘合剂粘接有多个防弹鳞片12，相邻防弹鳞片12交错叠加布置成覆瓦状，单个防弹鳞片12为椭圆柱体，单个防弹鳞片12的长轴为40mm、短轴为30mm、高4mm，相邻防弹鳞片12间的叠加宽度为5mm；两凯夫拉纤维布13通过缝纫线将各防弹鳞片12包裹于内的缝制成一体；外布11由尼龙布制成，外布11与位于外侧的凯夫拉纤维布13通过缝纫线缝合连接；超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布14由若干超高分子量聚乙烯纤维单层布内外平行叠加而成；内布15由尼龙布制成；内布15与位于内侧的凯夫拉纤维布13通过缝纫线将超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布14嵌装于内的缝制成一体。
在本发明中，防弹鳞片12和曲面状防弹板22均由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制成。
本发明这种四肢柔性防护装具的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、根据穿戴的位置，裁剪对应大小的外布11、两块凯夫拉纤维布13、超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布14和内布15；
将长轴为40mm、短轴为30mm、高4mm的椭圆柱体的防弹鳞片12一个个的通过粘合剂粘接在一块凯夫拉纤维布13的外表面上，相邻防弹鳞片12交错叠加布置且叠加宽度为5mm；通过粘合剂将另一块凯夫拉纤维布13粘结于各防弹鳞片12外表面上，通过缝纫线沿位于外侧的防弹鳞片12的外周围缝合两块凯夫拉纤维布13，形成嵌合有防弹鳞片12的防弹布袋；
S2、将外布11、上述防弹布袋、超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布14和内布15由上至下依次平行放置，通过缝纫线沿位于外侧的防弹鳞片12的外周围将外布11与位于外侧的凯夫拉纤维布13缝合成一体；通过缝纫线沿超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布14的外周围将内布15与位于内侧的凯夫拉纤维布13缝合成一体，形成用于保护人体上臂、前臂、大腿及小腿的第一护具1；
S3、根据穿戴的位置，裁剪对应大小的平面防弹板；
将上述平面防弹板折弯成曲面状防弹板22，其中，如图6所示，用于保护人体肘关节及肩关节的曲面状防弹板22的弯曲半径R为45mm～50mm，用于保护人体膝关节的曲面状防弹板22的弯曲半径R为55mm～60mm；
S4、通过铆接或粘接的方式将上述曲面状防弹板22沿关节弯曲方向依次叠加的固定在内垫层21上，相邻曲面状防弹板22在内垫层21上呈虾尾状排布。

Claims (10)

1.一种四肢柔性防护装具，其特征在于：包括用于保护人体上臂、前臂、大腿及小腿的第一护具(1)、用于保护人体肘关节、肩关节及膝关节的第二护具(2)，所述第一护具包括由外至内两两缝合连接的外布(11)、两层凯夫拉纤维布(13)和内布(15)，在两层凯夫拉纤维布间布置有若干交错叠加布置的防弹鳞片(12)，在位于内侧的凯夫拉纤维布与内布之嵌装有超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布(14)，所述第二护具包括内垫层(21)及固接在内垫层外表面的若干曲面状防弹板(22)，各曲面状防弹板在内垫层上沿关节弯曲方向依次叠加排布呈虾尾状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的四肢柔性防护装具，其特征在于：所述第一护具由布置于外布及内布对应处的魔术贴(16)连接成筒状，以紧固于人体上臂、前臂、大腿或小腿处。
3.根据权利要求2所述的四肢柔性防护装具，其特征在于：用于保护人体大腿的第一护具上还设有用于与防弹背心粘接的腰带粘扣(17)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的四肢柔性防护装具，其特征在于：所述第二护具由布置于内垫层对应处的尼龙搭扣(23)连接紧固于人体对应处。
5.根据权利要求4所述的四肢柔性防护装具，其特征在于：用于保护人体肘关节及膝关节的第二护具的内垫层上还设有与相邻第一护具外布粘接的内粘扣(24)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的四肢柔性防护装具，其特征在于：用于保护人体肩关节的第二护具的内垫层上还设有用于与防弹背心粘接的肩粘扣(25)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的四肢柔性防护装具，其特征在于：所述防弹鳞片和曲面状防弹板均由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制成，所述外布和内布均由尼龙布制成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的四肢柔性防护装具，其特征在于：所述防弹鳞片为长轴为40mm、短轴为30mm、高4mm的椭圆柱体，相邻防弹鳞片间叠加宽度为5mm。
9.一种适用于上述权利要求1至8任一所述四肢柔性防护装具的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
S1、通过粘合剂将一个个防弹鳞片(12)交错叠加的粘结于一块凯夫拉纤维布上表面，通过粘合剂将另一块凯夫拉纤维布粘结于各防弹鳞片上表面，沿防弹鳞片的外周围将两块凯夫拉纤维布缝合成一体形成防弹布袋；
S2、将外布(11)、防弹布袋、超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布(14)和内布(15)由上至下依次平行放置，沿防弹鳞片的外周围将外布与防弹布袋缝合成一体，沿超高分子量聚乙烯无纺布的外周围将内布与防弹布袋缝合成一体；
S3、将平面防弹板折弯成曲面状防弹板(22)；
S4、通过铆接或粘接的方式将上述曲面状防弹板沿关节弯曲方向依次叠加的固定在内垫层(21)上，相邻曲面状防弹板在内垫层上呈虾尾状排布。
10.根据权利要求9所述四肢柔性防护装具的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤S3中，用于保护人体肘关节及肩关节的曲面状防弹板的弯曲半径为45mm～50mm，用于保护人体膝关节的曲面状防弹板的弯曲半径为55mm～60mm。
CN201911318011.3A 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 四肢柔性防护装具及其制备方法 Pending CN110895121A (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2075441U (zh) * 1990-01-18 1991-04-24 张葆华 防暴保险衣
WO2000024276A2 (en) * 1998-10-26 2000-05-04 Warwick Mills, Inc. Penetration resistant garment
CN104776755A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2015-07-15 山东天意高科技有限公司 仿生柔性防护装备
US20180049485A1 (en) * 2016-08-16 2018-02-22 Timothy W. Markison Body limb protection system
CN207263030U (zh) * 2017-09-04 2018-04-20 广东北斗平台科技有限公司 一种防弹衣
CN211178143U (zh) * 2019-12-19 2020-08-04 湖南大学 四肢柔性防护装具

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2075441U (zh) * 1990-01-18 1991-04-24 张葆华 防暴保险衣
WO2000024276A2 (en) * 1998-10-26 2000-05-04 Warwick Mills, Inc. Penetration resistant garment
EP1133246A2 (en) * 1998-10-26 2001-09-19 Warwick Mills, Inc. Penetration resistant garment
CN104776755A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2015-07-15 山东天意高科技有限公司 仿生柔性防护装备
US20180049485A1 (en) * 2016-08-16 2018-02-22 Timothy W. Markison Body limb protection system
CN207263030U (zh) * 2017-09-04 2018-04-20 广东北斗平台科技有限公司 一种防弹衣
CN211178143U (zh) * 2019-12-19 2020-08-04 湖南大学 四肢柔性防护装具

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