CN110894622B - Orange-petal-shaped structure-like composite fiber with controllable bonding strength and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Orange-petal-shaped structure-like composite fiber with controllable bonding strength and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110894622B CN110894622B CN201911074694.2A CN201911074694A CN110894622B CN 110894622 B CN110894622 B CN 110894622B CN 201911074694 A CN201911074694 A CN 201911074694A CN 110894622 B CN110894622 B CN 110894622B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of composite fibers, in particular to a composite fiber with a controllable bonding strength and an orange-petal-like structure and a preparation process thereof. The composite fiber is formed by arranging two or more high polymers with different melting points at intervals in a crossed manner to form fibers with the cross sections in an orange-petal-like shape, the orange-petal-like shape is asymmetric, the melting point difference of the high polymers with different components in the composite fiber is more than or equal to 30 ℃, and the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the orange area of the component with the lowest melting point in the high polymers is 1:1.05-1: 6. The preparation process of the composite fiber comprises the following steps: drying the high polymer; injecting the high polymer chips into a spinning assembly; extruding the melt from a spinneret orifice, and solidifying the melt into a primary raw silk with an asymmetric orange petal structure; and drafting and texturing to prepare the composite fiber. The invention utilizes the asymmetrical orange-peel-like structure to control the bonding process of the composite fiber, realizes the controllability of the bonding strength and the bonding effect of the fiber in a certain range by adjusting the cross-sectional area ratio of the low-melting-point component, and simultaneously can endow the fabric with air permeability and moisture absorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite fibers, in particular to a composite fiber with a controllable bonding strength and an orange-petal-like structure and a preparation process thereof.
Background
Along with the rise of the daily living standard of people, the requirements of people on textiles are higher and higher, people not only pay attention to the characteristics of beauty, practicability, health, environmental protection and the like of the textiles, but also require that the textiles have functionality, for example, in hot summer, people hope that clothes worn by people have an antibacterial and breathable effect; for health-care people, people hope that the clothes worn by people have a health-care function. Thus, the composite fiber integrating functionality and aesthetic practicability is produced at the same time.
The composite fiber is one of multicomponent fibers, the fiber with two or more polymers in the same fiber section is a physical modified fiber developed in 60 years in 20 world. The fibers produced by the composite process may combine several polymer properties. Due to the progress of chemical fiber production technology, various novel fiber raw materials are produced, so that the variety of the raw material fiber of the composite material is increased, and the composite materials such as superfine fiber, special-shaped cross-section fiber, hollow fiber, easy-dyeing fiber and the like are produced.
The hot melt adhesive composite fiber is a fiber which can be melted and bonded by heating to the melting point of the raw material fiber, and is an important raw material for producing thin and fluffy fabrics. Although the fiber has high cost and is difficult to dye, the fiber has the advantages of no toxicity, no pollution, low energy consumption, less equipment investment, high production speed and the like because a chemical adhesive is replaced by a thermal bonding process, and the process is adopted by more and more factories. With the continuous development of low-melting-point composite fibers, a plurality of new application fields are opened for the thermal bonding woven fabrics and fabrics. The hot-melt adhesive composite fiber generally adopts a sheath-core structure in which a core layer is a high-melting polymer and a sheath layer is a low-melting polymer, such as japanese ES fiber and korean 4080 fiber, both of which are sheath-core type fibers having a sheath layer of a lower-melting component and a core layer of a higher-melting component. The fibers are made into fabrics, hot air or hot roller pressing is carried out at the temperature between the melting points of the skin layer and the core layer, so that the skin layer components are melted, and the contact parts between the composite fibers are subjected to hot melt adhesion. The fiber can maintain the fiber shape after being processed for the fabric, and the effective fusion bonding is only carried out at the cross points of the fiber, so that the fabric with softness, fluffiness, good permeability and high tearing strength can be obtained, and the superiority of the fiber is particularly shown in the forming and fixing processes of thin fabrics.
It can be said that, the orange petal-shaped composite fiber is mostly in a uniform symmetrical structure at present, and is the composite fiber developed for preparing split-type superfine fiber, even if an asymmetric orange petal-shaped structure is adopted, as in patent 201710456160, the composite fiber is only used for obtaining better elasticity and filtering performance. Rather than the segmented pie composite fibers developed for precise control of bond strength. The existing low-melting-point bonding fiber with the sheath-core characteristic has higher requirements on bonding temperature and bonding time during hot-melt bonding, and is difficult to realize accurate strength, if the temperature is slightly low and the bonding time is slightly short, the melting degree of a low-melting-point component is small, and the bonding strength is very low; if the temperature is slightly higher and the bonding time is slightly longer, the low-melting-point component is completely melted into molten liquid and separated from the high-melting-point core layer framework. The low-melting-point composite fiber is prepared by a uniform and symmetrical orange petal-shaped structure, and the accurate, continuous and controllable bonding effect and bonding firmness can not be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem that the bonding strength and the bonding effect are continuously controllable within a certain range by adjusting the hot melting temperature and the hot melting time by developing the special orange petal structure composite fiber to increase the bonding process of the bonding composite fiber while endowing the fabric with air permeability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: the composite fiber with the controllable bonding strength is of an orange-petal-shaped structure, the composite fiber is formed by arranging two or more high polymers with different melting points at intervals in a crossed mode, the orange-petal-shaped fiber is in an asymmetrical shape formed by different orange petals, the melting point difference of the high polymers with different components in the composite fiber is larger than or equal to 30 ℃, the orange petals of the component with the lowest melting point in the high polymers have certain difference in area, and the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value is 1:1.05-1: 6.
Further, the high polymer comprises one or more of polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), Polyamide (PA), Polyester (PET), Copolyester (COPET) and copolyester amine (COPA).
Furthermore, the number of the orange segments on the cross section of the composite fiber is 4+2n, and n is an integer more than or equal to 0.
Furthermore, a skeleton made of high polymer with the highest melting point component and used for separating adjacent orange petals is arranged at the interval of the orange petals.
Furthermore, the filament number of the composite fiber is 0.8D-100D.
Further, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the polymer of the lowest melting component can be achieved by the eccentricity of the convergence center of each component with the center of the fiber. The eccentricity ratio, i.e. the ratio of eccentricity to fiber diameter, can be controlled from 1/20 to 1/2.
The invention also comprises a preparation process of the orange petal-like structure composite fiber with controllable bonding strength, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the high polymer slices with different components;
(2) extruding high polymer slices with different components by using a screw extruder, and respectively injecting the high polymer slices into the same spinning assembly;
(3) spinning: extruding the melt from a spinneret orifice, and solidifying the melt into composite fiber nascent filaments with asymmetric orange petal structures;
(4) and drafting and texturing the prepared composite fiber nascent silk to prepare the hot-melt composite fiber.
Further, the spinning assembly in the step (2) is in an asymmetric orange-peel structure, the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the area of the orange peel in which the high polymer of the lowest melting point component is placed in the spinning assembly is 1:1.05-1:6, the number of orange peels in the orange-peel structure is 4+2n, and n is an integer larger than or equal to 0.
Furthermore, a framework for separating adjacent orange segments is arranged at the orange segment interval of the spinning assembly.
The orange-petal-like structure composite fiber with controllable bonding strength and the preparation process thereof have the beneficial effects that:
through setting up the difference in area of the orange petal-shaped components with low melting point, can divide into a plurality of orange petal-shaped low melting point components with different sizes with the composite fiber, when carrying out heat treatment to the fabric, when heating to the melting point temperature of low melting point component, low melting point component begins to melt gradually into liquid state, and along with the rising of temperature, the mobility of low melting point component is stronger, and implement the bonding, the more low melting point component that releases, the more abundant each other bonds between the fibre, the adhesive force is stronger, and high melting point component because of not having reached melting point temperature yet, therefore can maintain solid state unchangeable, make the skeleton of high melting point component have sufficient support power. Because the low-melting-point component and the high-melting-point component are arranged at intervals, the liquid low-melting-point component can be clamped between the two solid high-melting-point components and cannot be released randomly due to the action of surface tension. Under other conditions, the smaller the area of the orange segments, the more difficult the release of the liquid low-melting-point component, and the larger the area of the orange segments, the more easily the liquid low-melting-point component is released. The larger the area difference of different orange petals is, the longer the gradient release time of the liquid low-melting-point component is, and the longer the viscosity range is; the smaller the area difference of different orange petals is, the shorter the gradient release time of the liquid low-melting-point component is, and the shorter the viscosity range is, so that the size of the area difference ratio of the low-melting-point component is adjusted according to the melting points and the characteristics of different high polymers, the release amount and the gradient release time of the low-melting-point component are controlled, and the bonding strength and the bonding effect of the fabric are controllable within a certain range. After the low-melting-point component is melted and released, the hygroscopic grooves can be formed in the original position, and the hygroscopicity of the fabric is increased.
The invention utilizes the asymmetrical orange-peel-like structure to control the bonding process of the composite fiber, realizes the controllability of the bonding strength and the bonding effect of the fiber in a certain range by adjusting the cross-sectional area ratio of the low-melting-point component, and simultaneously can endow the fabric with air permeability and moisture absorption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite fiber in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite fiber in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite fiber in example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite fiber of example 1 of the present invention after heat fusion.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments;
example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the composite fiber with a controlled bonding strength has a segmented pie structure, and is formed by alternately arranging high-melting point polymer 2 polypropylene (PP) with a melting point of 175 ℃ and low-melting point polymer 1 Polyethylene (PE) with a melting point of 130 ℃ to form a hot-melt fiber with an asymmetric segmented pie structure, wherein the cross section of the hot-melt fiber consists of 6 segmented pie segments with different sizes. Each orange slice is a high polymer, 6 orange slices jointly form a circular structure, the ratio of the eccentricity in the cross section of the composite fiber to the diameter of the composite fiber is an eccentricity ratio, the eccentricity ratio of the cross section of the composite fiber is 1/20, the titer is 0.8D, and the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the area of the orange slices of Polyethylene (PE) is 1: 1.05.
The invention also comprises a preparation process of the orange petal-like structure composite fiber with controllable bonding strength, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying polypropylene (PP) slices and Polyethylene (PE) slices;
(2) respectively extruding the two high polymer slices in the step (1) by using a screw extruder, and respectively injecting the two high polymer slices into the same spinning component, wherein the spinning component is of an asymmetric orange slice structure, the eccentricity ratio is 1/20, and the number of orange slices of the orange slice structure is 6;
(3) spinning: extruding the melt from a spinneret orifice, and solidifying the melt into composite fiber nascent filaments with asymmetric orange petal structures;
(4) and drafting and texturing the prepared composite fiber nascent silk to prepare the hot-melt composite fiber.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, the composite fiber with the controllable bonding strength has a petal-like structure, and is a circular structure formed by splicing 4 petals with different sizes and a cross-shaped framework, wherein the composite fiber is formed by alternately arranging low-melting-point polymer 1 Polyamide (PA) with a melting point of 160 ℃ and high-melting-point polymer 2 copolyester amine (COPA) with a melting point of 265 ℃. Wherein all the orange segments are Polyamide (PA), the cross-shaped framework is copolyester amine (COPA), the ratio of the eccentricity in the cross section of the composite fiber to the diameter of the composite fiber is an eccentricity ratio, the eccentricity ratio of the cross section of the composite fiber is 1/2, the titer is 100D, and the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the orange segment area of the Polyamide (PA) is 1: 6.
The invention also comprises a preparation process of the orange petal-like structure composite fiber with controllable bonding strength, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Polyamide (PA) chips and copolyester amine (COPA) chips;
(2) respectively extruding the two high polymer slices in the step (1) by using a screw extruder, and respectively injecting the two high polymer slices into the same spinning component, wherein the spinning component is of an asymmetric orange petal structure, the eccentricity ratio is 1/2, the number of orange petals in the orange petal structure is 4, and cross-shaped frameworks are arranged at intervals of all the orange petals;
(3) spinning: extruding the melt from a spinneret orifice, and solidifying the melt into composite fiber nascent filaments with asymmetric orange petal structures;
(4) and drafting and texturing the prepared composite fiber nascent silk to prepare the hot-melt composite fiber.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3, the composite fiber with the controlled bonding strength has a segmented pie structure, and the composite fiber is formed by alternately arranging high-melting-point polymer 2 Polyester (PET) with a melting point of 285 ℃ and low-melting-point polymer 1 Copolyester (COPET) with a melting point of 160 ℃, and the cross section of the formed hot-melt fiber is formed by 8 segments with different sizes and an asymmetric segmented pie structure. Each orange slice is a high polymer, 8 orange slices jointly form a circular structure, the ratio of the eccentricity in the cross section of the composite fiber to the diameter of the composite fiber is an eccentricity ratio, the eccentricity ratio of the cross section of the composite fiber is 1/10, the titer is 50D, and the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the area of the orange slices of Copolyester (COPET) is 1: 3.
The invention also comprises a preparation process of the orange petal-like structure composite fiber with controllable bonding strength, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Polyester (PET) chips and Copolyester (COPET) chips;
(2) respectively extruding the two high polymer slices in the step (1) by using a screw extruder, and respectively injecting the two high polymer slices into the same spinning component, wherein the spinning component is in an asymmetric orange slice structure, the eccentricity ratio is 1/10, and the number of orange slices in the orange slice structure is 8;
(3) spinning: extruding the melt from a spinneret orifice, and solidifying the melt into composite fiber nascent filaments with asymmetric orange petal structures;
(4) and drafting and texturing the prepared composite fiber nascent silk to prepare the hot-melt composite fiber.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. Controllable class orange petal structure composite fiber of bonding strength, composite fiber forms the fiber of cross section for class orange petal shape through the setting of alternately interval by the high polymer of two kinds of and above different components that the fusing point is different, its characterized in that: the orange-peel-like shape is an asymmetric shape consisting of different orange peels, the melting point difference of high polymers of different components in the composite fiber is more than or equal to 30 ℃, and the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the orange peel area of the component with the lowest melting point in the high polymers is 1:1.05-1: 6; the ratio of the eccentricity in the cross section of the composite fiber to the diameter of the composite fiber is set as an eccentricity ratio, and the eccentricity ratio is 1/20-1/2.
2. The composite fiber of claim 1, wherein the bond strength of the composite fiber is controlled by: the high polymer comprises one or more of polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), Polyamide (PA), Polyester (PET), Copolyester (COPET) and copolyester amine (COPA).
3. The composite fiber of claim 1, wherein the bond strength of the composite fiber is controlled by: the number of orange segments on the cross section of the composite fiber is 4+2n, and n is an integer more than or equal to 0.
4. The composite fiber of claim 1, wherein the bond strength of the composite fiber is controlled by: the interval of the orange segments is provided with a framework which is made of high polymer of the highest melting point component and used for separating the adjacent orange segments.
5. The composite fiber of claim 1, wherein the bond strength of the composite fiber is controlled by: the filament number of the composite fiber is 0.8D-100D.
6. A process for preparing the composite fiber of orange petal-like structure with controlled bonding strength according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the high polymer slices with different components;
(2) extruding high polymer slices with different components by using a screw extruder, and respectively injecting the high polymer slices into the same spinning assembly;
(3) spinning: extruding the melt from a spinneret orifice, and solidifying the melt into composite fiber nascent filaments with asymmetric orange petal structures;
(4) drafting and elasticizing the prepared composite fiber nascent silk to prepare hot-melt composite fiber;
the spinning assembly in the step (2) is of an asymmetric orange-peel structure, and the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the area of the orange peel in which the high polymer of the lowest melting point component is placed in the spinning assembly is 1:1.05-1: 6.
7. The process for preparing the orange-peel-like structure composite fiber with controllable bonding strength according to claim 6, wherein the step of preparing the orange-peel-like structure composite fiber comprises the following steps: the number of the orange segments of the orange segment structure is 4+2n, and n is an integer more than or equal to 0.
8. The process for preparing the composite fiber with the controlled bonding strength and the orange petal-like structure according to claim 7, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and a framework for separating adjacent orange segments is arranged at the orange segment interval of the spinning assembly.
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