CN110894277A - High-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110894277A
CN110894277A CN201911116547.7A CN201911116547A CN110894277A CN 110894277 A CN110894277 A CN 110894277A CN 201911116547 A CN201911116547 A CN 201911116547A CN 110894277 A CN110894277 A CN 110894277A
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damping
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卢珣
秦锐
周佳辉
盛叶明
徐敏
蒋晓霖
王敏慧
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
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    • C08G18/6651—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or polyamines of C08G18/38
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and a preparation method thereof. The raw material formula of the material consists of the following components: 12-48 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 2-8 parts of a small molecular chain extender containing disulfide bonds and 5-25 parts of a dangling chain prepolymer; and (3) carrying out chain extension on the polyurethane prepolymer by using a micromolecule chain extender containing a disulfide bond, and then reacting with the suspension chain prepolymer to obtain the high-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material. The few hanging chain structures can ensure certain mechanical property while improving the damping property of the polyurethane material, and the high temperature resistance of the polysiloxane can improve the maximum long-term service temperature of the polyurethane with the hanging chain; the effective damping temperature range (tan delta is more than or equal to 0.3) of the obtained damping material exceeds 170 ℃, and the damping material can be used for a long time at the temperature of 120 ℃ and has good application effect.

Description

High-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polyurethane elastomer, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer based on the synergistic effect of a polysiloxane hanging chain and a dynamic disulfide exchange reaction and a preparation method thereof; belongs to the technical field of damping materials.
Background
The rapid development of the industrial society generates more and more noise and vibration, and the vibration and the noise not only cause fatigue of precise mechanical equipment and reduce precision, but also damage the health of people. With the development of science and technology, more strict requirements on efficient shock absorption and noise reduction are provided in many fields, particularly in the fields of high-end precision manufacturing, aerospace, military national defense, building earthquake resistance and the like. An important method for shock absorption and noise reduction is to use damping materials. The elastomer damping material is an important representative of a macromolecule damping material, absorbs energy by utilizing the viscoelasticity of macromolecules, converts the energy into heat energy and emits the heat energy, and achieves the purposes of reducing, reducing and even inhibiting vibration and noise.
The wide temperature range high damping material is required to be at least in the temperature range of 60-80 ℃ within the use temperature range, and the damping factor tan delta is more than or equal to 0.3. The polyurethane elastomer damping material becomes a research focus of the viscoelastic elastomer damping material due to the flexible structural design, excellent wear resistance and good preparation controllability. However, the polyurethane damping material has the common defects of the viscoelastic damping material, namely, the damping performance of the polyurethane damping material is good within the temperature range of 20-40 ℃ near the glass transition temperature, the damping performance above the glass transition temperature is difficult to meet the requirements of practical application, namely, the polyurethane damping material is difficult to keep high damping all the time within the use temperature range, and the damping temperature range is lack of controllability. The T of the polyurethane structure can be improved by introducing a suspension chain into the structuregThe latter damping performance often requires the introduction of a large number of suspension chains (generally more than 50%)The requirement of damping performance can be met, but the introduction of a large amount of suspension chains can reduce the crosslinking density of polyurethane, so that the mechanical property and the heat resistance of the polyurethane material are reduced sharply, and the polyurethane material is difficult to apply in actual life. A series of novel Polyurethane (PU)/epoxy resin (EP) grafted interpenetrating polymer network composite materials with hanging chains with gradually changed lengths are reported in Yu Wenwen, et al, role of graded length chain materials up to 18carbon ns in length on the damping belt of polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks, wherein the damping temperature range of tan delta being more than or equal to 0.3 can reach 140 ℃, but the mechanical strength of the PU grafted interpenetrating polymer network composite materials still only reaches about 2MPa after being used with high-strength epoxy resin, and cannot meet the performance requirements of practical use.
The inventor's prior chinese invention patent application CN107033324A discloses a wide temperature range polyurethane elastomer damping material with a long suspension chain, which is prepared from the following components: 11-37 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 7-30 parts of hanging chain prepolymer and 1-25 parts of hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester; the polyurethane prepolymer is obtained by reacting polyester diol and diisocyanate under the action of a catalyst; the pendant chain prepolymer is obtained by reacting a terminal monohydroxy compound and diisocyanate under the action of a catalyst. The effective damping temperature range width of the damping material is about 170 ℃, the damping performance in the temperature range is excellent, the damping factor tan delta is more than or equal to 0.3, and the polyurethane damping material has good high-low temperature damping performance, and the high-temperature effective damping can reach 120 ℃; although the effective damping temperature range width of the polyurethane is about 170 ℃, the mechanical property and the high temperature resistance of the polyurethane need to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material with a temperature range of more than 170 ℃ and good damping performance and a preparation method thereof aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the polyurethane damping material has mechanical properties which enable the polyurethane damping material to be used for a long time at a high temperature of 100-120 ℃.
The invention carries out structural design aiming at the defects of the polyurethane damping material with the suspension chain, maintains certain mechanical property while improving the damping property of the polyurethane material, improves the high temperature resistance of the polyurethane material, and further widens the application field and the range of the polyurethane damping material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the high-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material comprises the following components in raw material formula: 12-48 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 2-8 parts of a small molecular chain extender containing disulfide bonds and 5-25 parts of a dangling chain prepolymer;
when the material is prepared, a micromolecule chain extender containing a disulfide bond is used for chain extension of a polyurethane prepolymer and then reacts with a suspension chain prepolymer to prepare a high-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material;
the disulfide bond-containing micromolecule chain extender is more than one of 2,2' -dithiodibenzoic acid, 4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide, 2' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide, 3' -dihydroxy diphenyl disulfide, 4' -dihydroxy diphenyl disulfide and bis (2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide.
In order to further achieve the purpose of the present invention, preferably, the polyurethane prepolymer is obtained by reacting polyester diol and diisocyanate under the action of a catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the polyester diol to the diisocyanate is (10-40): (2-8).
Preferably, the diisocyanate is more than one of 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or 4,4' -diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
Preferably, the polyester diol is polybutylene adipate with the molecular weight of 1000-4000; the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate or stannous octoate.
Preferably, the polyester diol is subjected to vacuum dehydration treatment before the reaction.
Preferably, the pendant chain prepolymer is obtained by reacting a terminal monohydroxy compound and a diisocyanate trimer under the action of a catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the terminal monohydroxy compound to the diisocyanate trimer is (4-20): (1-5).
Preferably, the terminal monohydroxy compound is terminal monohydroxy polysiloxane, and the molecular weight is 1000-5000.
Preferably, the diisocyanate trimer is one or more of toluene diisocyanate trimer, isophorone diisocyanate trimer and hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer; the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate or stannous octoate.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant high-damping polyurethane elastomer material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of polyurethane prepolymers
Heating polyester diol to 100-120 ℃ in a reaction kettle, carrying out vacuum dehydration for 2-3 h to obtain dehydrated polyester diol, mixing the dehydrated polyester diol with diisocyanate under the protection of inert gas, stirring at a low speed, heating to 75-80 ℃, adding a catalyst, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h to obtain an elastic main chain prepolymer, namely a polyurethane prepolymer; the inert gas is N2；
(2) Chain extension of polyurethane prepolymer
Dissolving a small molecular chain extender containing a disulfide bond by using a solvent, adding the dissolved small molecular chain extender into a polyurethane prepolymer, uniformly stirring, controlling the temperature to be 70-75 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 hours;
(3) preparation of pendant chain prepolymers
Under the conditions of inert gas protection and uniform stirring, mixing a terminal monohydroxy compound with diisocyanate trimer, heating to 65-70 ℃, adding a catalyst, and reacting for 1-2 hours to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer;
(4) preparation of polyurethane elastomer damping material
Under the conditions of inert gas protection and uniform stirring, uniformly mixing the chain-extended polyurethane prepolymer and the suspension chain prepolymer, pouring the mixture into a mold, then placing the mold into an oven, vacuumizing to remove a solvent and bubbles, heating to 70-75 ℃, preserving heat for 12-24 hours, and curing to obtain a polyurethane elastomer damping material;
preferably, the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide; the inertia isThe gas of (A) is N2(ii) a The mould is a polytetrafluoroethylene mould; the oven is a vacuum oven.
According to the invention, a small amount of suspension chain structures are utilized to improve the damping of the elastomer from the glass transition temperature to the room temperature, the disulfide exchange reaction is utilized to improve the damping performance from the room temperature to the high temperature, and the damping temperature range of the polyurethane material is widened through the synergistic effect of the suspension chains and the reversible disulfide bonds, so that the controllability of the damping temperature range of the polyurethane is realized; FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature-resistant, wide-temperature-range and high-damping polyurethane elastomer, in which a polyurethane elastic main chain is rich in dynamic disulfide bonds, and dynamic exchange can occur between disulfide bonds between molecular chains, so that the damping performance of a polyurethane material can be improved at a temperature higher than room temperature; one end of the polysiloxane suspension chain is connected to the cross-linking point, and the other end of the polysiloxane suspension chain can move freely, so that the high-temperature resistance of the polyurethane material is improved while the damping performance of the polyurethane is improved. The few hanging chain structures of the invention can ensure certain mechanical property while improving the damping property of the polyurethane material, and the high temperature resistance of the polysiloxane can improve the maximum long-term service temperature of the polyurethane with the hanging chain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) aiming at the defects of the polyurethane damping material, namely the polyurethane material is difficult to always show high damping in the use temperature range, the damping performance is lack of controllability, the high temperature resistance of the polyurethane material is poor, and a reversible dynamic bond disulfide bond and a polysiloxane suspension chain are introduced into a polyurethane network based on the flexible designability of the structure of the polyurethane material. The suspension chain can improve the damping performance of the polyurethane material from the glass transition temperature to the room temperature due to the different relaxation motion of the main chain, and only a small amount of suspension chain is introduced to ensure certain mechanical property; the disulfide bond can carry out exchange reaction at a lower temperature, the reaction speed is accelerated along with the temperature rise, and mechanical energy can be continuously converted into heat energy in the reversible exchange process, so that the damping performance of the polyurethane material above room temperature is improved, and the controllability of the polyurethane elastomer from the glass transition temperature to the damping temperature range of a high-temperature region is realized by virtue of the synergistic effect of the disulfide bond and the polyurethane elastomer. The polysiloxane has good heat resistance, and is introduced into a polyurethane system as a suspension chain, so that the damping performance of the polysiloxane is improved, and the high-temperature resistance of the polysiloxane is improved.
2) The invention combines the two, improves the damping performance of the material by utilizing the synergistic effect of the two and realizes the controllability of the damping temperature range.
3) The effective damping temperature range of the polyurethane damping material is greater than 170 ℃, the damping performance is excellent in the temperature range of-58-120 ℃, the damping factor tan delta is greater than or equal to 0.3, and the effective damping temperature range width of the existing polyurethane elastomer is narrower and is about 60-80 ℃;
4) the polysiloxane is used as a suspension chain to improve the high-temperature resistance of the polyurethane damping material, the material can be used at 100-120 ℃ for a long time, and the maximum long-term use temperature of common polyurethane is generally 80-90 ℃ (edited by chemical research institute in Shanxi province, handbook of polyurethane elastomer, chemical industry publisher, 2001, p 207).
5) The mechanical property of the polyurethane damping material with the long suspension chain can reach more than 8 MPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature resistant and high damping elastomer based on dynamic covalent bonds and a suspension chain according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a dynamic mechanical spectrum of the damping materials prepared in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 at 10 Hz.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, and table data, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The polyurethane materials of examples and comparative examples were subjected to the damping property test and the heat resistance test as follows:
and (3) testing the damping performance:
the examples and comparative examples were subjected to dynamic mechanical test analysis using a DMA 242C dynamic mechanical analyzer (navy corporation, germany) under the following test conditions: and in the stretching mode, the scanning temperature range is-100-120 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and the testing frequency is 10 Hz.
And (3) testing heat resistance:
referring to standard GB/T3512-:
Figure BDA0002274226780000051
p: rate of change of mechanical properties,%;
Xa: the tensile strength measurement after sample aging;
X0: tensile strength measurement before sample aging.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant high-damping elastomer based on dynamic covalent bonds and a suspension chain comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight percentage, 20 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight of 2000) are stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃ after the water is removed, and N is introduced2Protecting, adding 4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours to obtain a prepolymer, N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 2 parts by weight of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) by using N, N-dimethylformamide, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension by using disulfide bond micromolecules;
(3) in weight fraction, in N2Atmosphere protectionAdding 3 parts of HDI tripolymer into 10 parts of terminal monohydroxypolysiloxane (molecular weight is 1000), uniformly stirring, maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃, uniformly dripping 0.01 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, preserving the temperature for 1h, stopping the reaction to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer, and adding N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(4) and (3) adding the suspension chain prepolymer in the step (3) into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2), quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16h to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Example 2
A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant high-damping elastomer based on dynamic covalent bonds and a suspension chain comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight percentage, 20 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight of 2000) are stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃ after the water is removed, and N is introduced2Protecting, adding 4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours to obtain a prepolymer, N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 2 parts by weight of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) by using N, N-dimethylformamide, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension by using disulfide bond micromolecules;
(3) in weight fraction, in N2Under the protection of atmosphere, adding 3 parts of HDI tripolymer into 20 parts of end monohydroxy polysiloxane (molecular weight is 1000), stirring at a constant speed, maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃, dropwise adding 0.01 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate at a constant speed, keeping the temperature for 1h, stopping reaction to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer, and adding N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(4) and (3) adding the suspension chain prepolymer in the step (3) into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2), quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16h to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Example 3
A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant high-damping elastomer based on dynamic covalent bonds and a suspension chain comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight percentage, 20 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight of 2000) are stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃ after the water is removed, and N is introduced2Protecting, adding 4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours to obtain a prepolymer, N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 4 parts of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) by using N, N-dimethylformamide in parts by weight, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension by using disulfide bond micromolecules;
(3) in weight fraction, in N2Under the protection of atmosphere, adding 3 parts of HDI tripolymer into 10 parts of terminal monohydroxypolysiloxane (molecular weight 1000), uniformly stirring, maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃, uniformly dripping 0.01 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, preserving the temperature for 1h, stopping the reaction to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer, and N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(4) and (3) adding the suspension chain prepolymer in the step (3) into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2), quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16h to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Example 4
A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant high-damping elastomer based on dynamic covalent bonds and a suspension chain comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight fraction, 10 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight is 1000) is stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, after water removal is finished, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃, and N is introduced2Protecting, adding 4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours to obtain a prepolymer, N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 2 parts by weight of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) by using N, N-dimethylformamide, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension by using disulfide bond micromolecules;
(3) in weight fraction, in N2Under the protection of atmosphere, adding 3 parts of HDI tripolymer into 10 parts of terminal monohydroxypolysiloxane (molecular weight 1000), uniformly stirring, maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃, uniformly dripping 0.01 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, preserving the temperature for 1h, stopping the reaction to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer, and N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(4) and (3) adding the suspension chain prepolymer in the step (3) into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2), quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16h to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Example 5
A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant high-damping elastomer based on dynamic covalent bonds and a suspension chain comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight percentage, 20 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight of 2000) are stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃ after the water is removed, and N is introduced2Protecting, adding 4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours to obtain a prepolymer, N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 2 parts by weight of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) by using N, N-dimethylformamide, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension by using disulfide bond micromolecules;
(3) in weight fraction, in N2Under the protection of atmosphere, adding 3 parts of HDI tripolymer into 20 parts of end monohydroxy polysiloxane (molecular weight 2000), stirring at a constant speed, maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃, dropwise adding 0.01 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate at a constant speed, keeping the temperature for 1h, stopping reaction to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer, and adding N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(4) and (3) adding the suspension chain prepolymer in the step (3) into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2), quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16h to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Example 6
A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant high-damping elastomer based on dynamic covalent bonds and a suspension chain comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight percentage, 20 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight of 2000) are stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃ after the water is removed, and N is introduced2Protection, adding 4 parts of toluene diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours to obtain prepolymer, N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 2 parts by weight of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) by using N, N-dimethylformamide, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension by using disulfide bond micromolecules;
(3) in weight fraction, in N2Under the protection of atmosphere, adding 3 parts of HDI tripolymer into 10 parts of terminal monohydroxypolysiloxane (molecular weight 1000), uniformly stirring, maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃, uniformly dripping 0.01 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, preserving the temperature for 1h, stopping the reaction to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer, and N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(4) and (3) adding the suspension chain prepolymer in the step (3) into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2), quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16h to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a polyurethane elastomer comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight percentage, 20 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight of 2000) are stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃ after the water is removed, and N is introduced2Protection, adding 4 partsIsophorone diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, the temperature is maintained at 75 ℃, stirring is carried out for 4 hours, and prepolymer is obtained, wherein N is2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 2 parts by weight of 4,4' -diaminodiphenylethane by using N, N-dimethylformamide, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting for 1h at 70 ℃ to obtain a disulfide bond-free small molecule chain-extended polyurethane prepolymer;
(3) and (3) adding 3 parts of HDI trimer into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2) in parts by weight, quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16 hours to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a polyurethane elastomer comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight percentage, 20 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight of 2000) are stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃ after the water is removed, and N is introduced2Protecting, adding 4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours to obtain a prepolymer, N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 2 parts by weight of 4,4' -diaminodiphenylethane by using N, N-dimethylformamide, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting for 1h at 70 ℃ to obtain a disulfide bond-free small molecule chain-extended polyurethane prepolymer;
(3) in weight fraction, in N2Under the protection of atmosphere, adding 3 parts of HDI tripolymer into 10 parts of terminal monohydroxypolysiloxane (molecular weight 1000), uniformly stirring, maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃, uniformly dripping 0.01 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, preserving the temperature for 1h, stopping the reaction to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer, and N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(4) and (3) adding the suspension chain prepolymer in the step (3) into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2), quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16h to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of a polyurethane elastomer comprises the following process steps:
(1) according to weight percentage, 20 parts of polybutylene adipate (molecular weight of 2000) are stirred at 110 ℃ and vacuumized to remove water for 2 hours, the temperature is reduced to 75 ℃ after the water is removed, and N is introduced2Protecting, adding 4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 0.02 part of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours to obtain a prepolymer, N2Storing in an atmosphere;
(2) dissolving 2 parts by weight of 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) by using N, N-dimethylformamide, adding the solution into the prepolymer, and reacting at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension by using disulfide bond micromolecules;
(3) and (3) adding 3 parts of HDI trimer into the polyurethane prepolymer subjected to chain extension in the step (2) in parts by weight, quickly stirring uniformly, pouring into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, defoaming in vacuum, curing and molding at 70 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 16 hours to constant weight to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.
Comparative example 1 adopts 4,4' -diaminodiphenylethane which has a similar structure but does not contain dynamic bonds as a chain extender, and a siloxane dangling chain is not introduced into the polyurethane structure, so that the polyurethane can be used as a comparative example to compare the changes of damping performance, mechanical property and high temperature resistance after the dynamic disulfide bonds and the polysiloxane dangling chain are simultaneously introduced into the polyurethane; comparative example 2 adopts 4,4' -diaminodiphenylethane which has a similar structure and does not contain dynamic bonds as a chain extender, and introduces a siloxane dangling chain into the polyurethane structure, so that the polyurethane can be used as a comparative example to compare the changes of damping performance, mechanical property and high temperature resistance after only introducing the polysiloxane dangling chain into the polyurethane; comparative example 3 adopts 4,4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) containing dynamic disulfide bond as a chain extender, and no siloxane dangling chain is introduced into the polyurethane structure, so that the change of the damping performance, the mechanical property and the high temperature resistance of the dynamic disulfide bond can be introduced into the polyurethane as a comparative example.
FIG. 2 is a plot of the damping factor tan delta versus temperature for the polyurethanes of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3. As can be seen from FIG. 2, by comparing comparative example 1 with comparative examples 2 and 3, when the siloxane dangling chains are introduced alone and the dynamic disulfide bonds are introduced alone, the improvement of the damping performance is obviously improved within the temperature range from the glass transition temperature of the polyurethane to room temperature and above, and the synergistic effect of comparative example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 is found to effectively improve the damping performance and realize the controllability of the damping temperature range of the polyurethane material.
As shown in Table 1, the change rate of the mechanical properties of the polyurethanes introduced with polysiloxane dangling chains is found to be obviously improved by comparing the change rates of the mechanical properties of the examples and comparative examples 1-3, the mechanical properties of the polyurethanes introduced with polysiloxane dangling chains can still be maintained to be more than 90% after the thermal oxidation aging at 72h and 120 ℃, and the mechanical properties of the polyurethanes not introduced with polysiloxane dangling chains of comparative examples 1 and 3 are seriously lost after the long-term thermal oxidation aging.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002274226780000101
Table 2 shows the comparison between the properties of the damping polyurethane of the present invention and the damping polyurethane of chinese patent application CN107033324A, wherein 1 in the table is the properties of example 2 of the present invention, and 2 is the properties of chinese patent application CN 107033324A. As can be seen by comparison, the effective damping temperature range of the damping polyurethane is close to that of the damping polyurethane, but the mechanical property and the aging resistance of the damping polyurethane are superior to those of the damping polyurethane of the Chinese patent application CN107033324A, the tensile strength of the damping polyurethane of the Chinese patent application CN107033324A is only 2.6MPa, and the damping polyurethane is seriously deformed after being aged in hot air at 120 ℃ for 72 hours and is difficult to use at high temperature for a long time.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002274226780000102
The mechanical strength and the high-temperature resistance of the high-damping polyurethane elastomer material are improved, and the high-damping polyurethane elastomer material can be applied to more severe environments, such as the fields of aerospace, transportation and the like, for example, a damping shock absorber on an automobile engine, because the heat generated by the engine during working is higher and the temperature nearby the engine often reaches more than 100 ℃, the damping shock absorber material on the automobile engine can be used for a long time at more than 100 ℃ and has certain mechanical properties.
The above examples are examples of the process for preparing the polyurethane elastomer with high temperature resistance and high damping in the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which are not departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention are all equivalent substitutions and are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The high-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material is characterized by comprising the following components in a raw material formula: 12-48 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 2-8 parts of a small molecular chain extender containing disulfide bonds and 5-25 parts of a dangling chain prepolymer;
when the material is prepared, a micromolecule chain extender containing a disulfide bond is used for chain extension of a polyurethane prepolymer and then reacts with a suspension chain prepolymer to prepare a high-temperature-resistant wide-temperature-range high-damping polyurethane elastomer material;
the disulfide bond-containing micromolecule chain extender is more than one of 2,2' -dithiodibenzoic acid, 4' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide, 2' -diaminodiphenyl disulfide, 3' -dihydroxy diphenyl disulfide, 4' -dihydroxy diphenyl disulfide and bis (2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide.
2. The high temperature resistant, wide temperature range, and high damping polyurethane elastomer material of claim 1, wherein: the polyurethane prepolymer is obtained by reacting polyester dihydric alcohol and diisocyanate under the action of a catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the polyester dihydric alcohol to the diisocyanate is (10-40): (2-8).
3. The high temperature resistant, wide temperature range, and high damping polyurethane elastomer material of claim 2, wherein: the diisocyanate is more than one of 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or 4,4' -diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
4. The high temperature resistant, wide temperature range, and high damping polyurethane elastomer material of claim 2, wherein: the polyester dihydric alcohol is polybutylene adipate with the molecular weight of 1000-4000; the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate or stannous octoate.
5. The high temperature resistant, wide temperature range, and high damping polyurethane elastomer material of claim 2, wherein: the polyester diol is subjected to vacuum dehydration treatment before reaction.
6. The high temperature resistant, wide temperature range, and high damping polyurethane elastomer material of claim 1, wherein: the pendant chain prepolymer is obtained by reacting a terminal monohydroxy compound and a diisocyanate trimer under the action of a catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the terminal monohydroxy compound to the diisocyanate trimer is (4-20): (1-5).
7. The high temperature resistant, wide temperature range, and high damping polyurethane elastomer material of claim 6, wherein: the terminal monohydroxy compound is terminal monohydroxy polysiloxane, and the molecular weight is 1000-5000.
8. The high temperature resistant, wide temperature range, and high damping polyurethane elastomer material of claim 6, wherein: the diisocyanate trimer is more than one of toluene diisocyanate trimer, isophorone diisocyanate trimer and hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer; the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate or stannous octoate.
9. The preparation method of the high temperature resistant and high damping polyurethane elastomer material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of polyurethane prepolymers
Heating polyester diol to 100-120 ℃ in a reaction kettle, carrying out vacuum dehydration for 2-3 h to obtain dehydrated polyester diol, mixing the dehydrated polyester diol with diisocyanate under the protection of inert gas, stirring at a low speed, heating to 75-80 ℃, adding a catalyst, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h to obtain an elastic main chain prepolymer, namely a polyurethane prepolymer; the inert gas is N2；
(2) Chain extension of polyurethane prepolymer
Dissolving a small molecular chain extender containing a disulfide bond by using a solvent, adding the dissolved small molecular chain extender into a polyurethane prepolymer, uniformly stirring, controlling the temperature to be 70-75 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 hours;
(3) preparation of pendant chain prepolymers
Under the conditions of inert gas protection and uniform stirring, mixing a terminal monohydroxy compound with diisocyanate trimer, heating to 65-70 ℃, adding a catalyst, and reacting for 1-2 hours to obtain a suspension chain prepolymer;
(4) preparation of polyurethane elastomer damping material
Under the conditions of inert gas protection and uniform stirring, uniformly mixing the chain-extended polyurethane prepolymer and the suspension chain prepolymer, pouring the mixture into a mold, then placing the mold into an oven, vacuumizing to remove a solvent and bubbles, heating to 70-75 ℃, preserving heat for 12-24 hours, and curing to obtain the polyurethane elastomer damping material.
10. The method for preparing the high temperature resistant and high damping polyurethane elastomer material according to claim 9, wherein the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide; the inert gas is N2(ii) a The mould is a polytetrafluoroethylene mould; the oven isAnd (5) vacuum drying.
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