CN110894170A - Ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystals and a preparation method thereof. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with a molecular formula of (NH)4)1‑xKxHCO3And x is 0.01-0.25. The invention also provides a preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, which comprises the steps of cooling a mixed system of ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry and sylvite to 2-15 ℃, preserving heat, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation. The method has the characteristics of simple process flow, mild and easily-controlled process and the like. The ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal obtained by the invention has the advantages of high thermal stability, controllable potassium content and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystals and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Ammonium bicarbonate (ammonium bicarbonate for short) is a unique chemical fertilizer product in China, and has the advantages of no soil hardening, quick fertilizer effect, low price and the like. The method makes great contribution to the harvest of agriculture in China and the solution of the problem of people's temperature saturation in more than half a century since the 50 th century of the 20 th century.
However, ammonium bicarbonate has the greatest disadvantages of poor thermal stability, easy decomposition, and great difficulty in storing and transporting the fertilizer. Meanwhile, the ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer has single nutrient and cannot provide various nutrient elements required by plant growth. With the rapid development of agricultural technologies, the requirements on fertilizers are higher and higher, the traditional ammonium bicarbonate can not meet the requirements of agricultural production and is gradually replaced by other compound fertilizers, and the market share is continuously reduced. The modification of ammonium bicarbonate is an urgent problem to be solved in a large number of ammonium bicarbonate plants in China.
The research on the modification of ammonium bicarbonate starts earlier abroad, but the popularization rate of ammonium bicarbonate is lower in foreign countries, so that the research reports are less. Although the domestic start is late, the ammonium bicarbonate is used as a main nitrogen fertilizer in a long period of time in China, so that the research range of the ammonium bicarbonate is wider, and the quantity of the ammonium bicarbonate is more. The research on ammonium bicarbonate modification mainly focuses on improving the thermal stability and enriching nutrient elements to enhance the fertilizer efficiency.
In the aspect of improving the thermal stability, the U.S. Pat. No. 8, 1766705A reports that the thermal stability of ammonium bicarbonate can be effectively improved by adding benzene, carbon tetrachloride, kerosene, sugar and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid during the crystallization of ammonium bicarbonate; japanese patent JP105016 reports that ammonium bicarbonate is washed with a saturated ammonium sulfate solution to form a stable ammonium sulfate film on the surface of ammonium bicarbonate crystals, thereby improving the thermal stability of the ammonium bicarbonate crystals. UK patent GB896284A reports that a stable magnesium ammonium phosphate protective layer can be formed on the surface of ammonium bicarbonate crystals by proportionally mixing magnesium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate, so that ammonium bicarbonate agglomeration is improved, and the decomposition tendency is reduced. Chinese patent CN85100516A reports that magnesium oxide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate are mixed to generate magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate which covers the surface of ammonium bicarbonate to inhibit the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate.
In the aspect of enriching nutrient elements and enhancing fertilizer efficiency, patent CN1053225A reports that adding a certain amount of latent curing agent and nitrate reductase inhibitor into ammonium bicarbonate can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by 25-30%. Patent CN1050178A reports that mixing ammonium bicarbonate, calcium superphosphate, potassium salt, citric acid and trace elements in proportion can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen. Patent CN102093122A reports that the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate can be effectively reduced by mixing biomass coke with ammonium bicarbonate to prepare composite particles of 0.5-3 mm. The prior art also uses related reports of humic acid CN103274857A, seaweed CN103274858A and glutamic acid CN103274853A for enhancing the fertilizer efficiency of ammonium bicarbonate.
In the aspect of improving the thermal stability of ammonium bicarbonate, the modification method mainly adopts the modes of adding the stabilizer and coating the surface to inhibit the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate, measures are taken from the outside of ammonium bicarbonate molecules, and the crystal structure in the ammonium bicarbonate molecules is not changed, so that the effect of improving the thermal stability is very limited; in the aspect of enriching nutrient elements and enhancing fertilizer efficiency, the fertilizer is mainly realized by mixing inorganic and organic compounds to form a mixture, and the method is only a simple mixing process, and cannot improve the heat stability while enriching the nutrient elements. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient modification method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with controllable potassium content and good thermal stability and a preparation method thereof. The method also has the characteristics of simple process flow, mild and easily-controlled process, recyclable solvent and the like.
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the molecular formula of which is (NH)4)1-xKxHCO3And x is 0.01-0.25.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal. Preparing ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal by any one of the following methods:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: adding potassium salt into the ammonium bicarbonate solution or the slurry, cooling the mixed system to 2-15 ℃, preserving heat, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation;
the second method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: and (3) cooling the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry until crystallization begins, adding potassium salt, preserving the temperature at 2-15 ℃, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation.
Preferably, in the first preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the cooling rate is 0.1-2 ℃/min.
Specifically, in the first preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the temperature is kept at 2-15 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
Further, the preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal comprises the step of preserving the temperature of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry at 20-40 ℃, and then adding the potassium salt. Specifically, the temperature is kept at 20-40 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
Further, the first preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal also comprises the step of preserving the temperature of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or the mixed system of the slurry and the sylvite at 20-40 ℃, and then cooling. Specifically, the temperature is kept at 20-40 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, in the second preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the cooling rate is 0.1-2 ℃/min.
Specifically, in the second preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the temperature is kept at 2-15 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the second preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal further comprises the step of preserving the temperature of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry at 20-40 ℃, and then cooling. Specifically, the temperature is kept at 20-40 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, in the first or second preparation method of the mixed ammonium bicarbonate crystal, the potassium salt is added in an amount of 2-20% by mass of the potassium element based on the mass of the ammonium bicarbonate.
Specifically, in the first or second preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the potassium salt is added as a solid or a saturated solution.
Specifically, in the first or second preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry is 15-25%.
Specifically, in the first or second preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the potassium salt is at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium metaphosphate, or potassium hydrogen sulfate.
Preferably, in the first or second method for preparing the mixed ammonium bicarbonate crystal, the potassium salt is at least one of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
Specifically, in the first or second preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the solid-liquid separation is any one of centrifugal separation, vacuum filtration or plate-and-frame filter pressing.
Specifically, in the first or second preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, the solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the obtained solid is dried for 12-48 hours at the temperature of 20-50 ℃ to obtain the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal.
The invention also provides the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal prepared by the preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal.
The molecular formula of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal is (NH)4)1-xKxHCO3And x is 0.01-0.25.
The method is different from the traditional method for externally modifying ammonium bicarbonate molecules by adding a stabilizer, coating the surface of the ammonium bicarbonate molecules, mixing other substances and the like, and the method prepares the ammonium bicarbonate molecules with the molecular formula of (NH) by reasonably controlling all steps and parameters4)1-xKxHCO3And x is 0.01-0.25, based on the homogeneous phase and crystal stability theory, the thermal stability of ammonium bicarbonate is improved from the internal structure of crystal lattice, and the loss in storage and transportation process can be greatly reduced.
In the process of preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal by the method, the nutrient element K essential for the growth of crops is introduced, so that the method is more in line with the growth mechanism of the crops. According to the method, the potassium content in the mixed crystal is controlled by controlling parameters such as the addition amount of the potassium salt and the cooling rate, and products with different potassium contents can be efficiently applied according to the soil environment and the crop demand.
The method increases the supersaturation degree of the solution in a cooling mode to separate out crystals, the crystallization process is mild and easy to control, and the crystallization mother liquor can be recycled, thereby avoiding wastewater treatment and being green and environment-friendly. The method has the advantages that the yield of single ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal is more than 50 percent, and the overall cycle yield is more than 95 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 thermogravimetric test chart of mixed crystal and unmodified ammonium bicarbonate obtained in example 3
FIG. 2 thermal decomposition test chart of the mixed crystal obtained in example 6 and unmodified ammonium bicarbonate at constant temperature of 65 deg.C
Detailed Description
The invention provides an ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with a molecular formula of (NH)4)1-xKxHCO3And x is 0.01-0.25.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, which comprises the following steps: adding potassium salt into the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry, cooling the mixed system to 2-15 ℃, preserving the temperature, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid to obtain the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal finished product.
The inventors have found that the process is too inefficient when the cooling rate is below 0.1 ℃/min; when the cooling rate is more than 2 ℃/min, the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal can not be obtained due to the excessively fast cooling rate, so the cooling rate is preferably 0.1-2 ℃/min.
The inventors have found that when the crystallization temperature is below 2 ℃, it is not easy to handle because the temperature is close to the freezing point; when the crystallization temperature is more than 15 deg.c, the temperature is relatively excessively high, resulting in low crystallization efficiency. Therefore, the crystallization temperature is preferably 2 to 15 ℃. Further, the inventors have found that the crystallization time is controlled to be 0.5 hours or more to ensure sufficient crystallization and yield, but when the crystallization time is more than 2 hours, mixed crystals of ammonium bicarbonate may not be obtained, so the crystallization time is preferably 0.5 to 2 hours at 2 to 15 ℃.
In order to ensure that the ammonium bicarbonate is fully and uniformly dissolved and is fully mixed with the potassium salt, the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry is preferably controlled to be kept at the temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 0.5-2 h, and then the potassium salt is added. Or, preserving the temperature of the mixed system of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or the slurry and the sylvite at the temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 0.5-2 h, and then cooling.
The invention also provides another preparation method of the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal, which comprises the following steps: and (3) cooling the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry until crystallization begins, adding potassium salt, preserving the temperature at 2-15 ℃, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid to obtain the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal finished product.
The inventors have found that the process is too inefficient when the cooling rate is below 0.1 ℃/min; when the cooling rate is more than 2 ℃/min, the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal can not be obtained due to the excessively fast cooling rate, so the cooling rate is preferably 0.1-2 ℃/min.
The inventor finds that the crystallization time needs to be controlled to be more than 0.5h to ensure sufficient crystallization and yield, but when the crystallization time is more than 2h, mixed crystals of ammonium bicarbonate can not be obtained, so the heat preservation crystallization time is controlled to be 0.5-2 h.
In order to ensure that the ammonium bicarbonate is fully and uniformly dissolved and is fully mixed with the sylvite, the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry is preferably controlled to be kept at the temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 0.5-2 h and then cooled.
Further, the potassium salt is added in the form of a solid or a saturated solution.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the potassium salt is 2-20% of the mass of the potassium element, namely ammonium bicarbonate.
Further, the mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry is 15-25%.
Further, the potassium salt is at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium metaphosphate or potassium bisulfate. After sufficient crystallization, the solution also contains a large amount of ammonium bicarbonate, and in order to be able to sufficiently recover the ammonium bicarbonate for the next crystallization without being affected, the potassium salt is preferably at least one of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
Further, the solid-liquid separation is any one of centrifugal separation, vacuum filtration or plate-and-frame filter pressing.
Further, drying the solid obtained after solid-liquid separation at 20-50 ℃ for 12-48 h.
In the method of the invention, the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry refers to: when the addition amount of the ammonium bicarbonate is not high, the ammonium bicarbonate can be completely dissolved in water, and the ammonium bicarbonate solution is obtained; when the addition amount of the ammonium bicarbonate is slightly high, the ammonium bicarbonate is not completely dissolved, and part of the undissolved ammonium bicarbonate is still in the prepared solution, namely the ammonium bicarbonate slurry. In the method of the present invention, the mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry is directly calculated as the mass of ammonium bicarbonate/(mass of ammonium bicarbonate + mass of water).
Example 1
Weighing 200g of ammonium bicarbonate solid, mixing with 800mL of deionized water, preparing 1000g of ammonium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 20%, and preserving heat for 1h at 40 ℃. Then 60g of potassium sulfate solid is added into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, and then the temperature is reduced to 10 ℃ at a constant speed of 0.5 ℃/min. Keeping the temperature at 10 deg.C for 1h, centrifuging, drying the solid at 20 deg.C for 48h to obtain ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with potassium content of 8.4% (NH)4)0.82K0.18HCO3。
Example 2
Weighing 200g of ammonium bicarbonate solid, mixing with 600mL of deionized water, preparing 800g of ammonium bicarbonate slurry with the mass fraction of 25%, and adding 10g of saturated solution containing potassium chloride and potassium hydroxide respectively. Then the temperature is preserved for 1.5h at 30 ℃, and then the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ at a constant speed of 1 ℃/min. Keeping the temperature at 5 ℃ for 0.5h, performing vacuum filtration separation, drying the obtained solid at 50 ℃ for 12h to obtain ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with potassium content of 2%, wherein the chemical formula is (NH)4)0.96K0.04HCO3。
Example 3
Weighing 150g of ammonium bicarbonate solid, mixing with 850mL of deionized water, preparing 1000g of ammonium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 15%, then adding 20g of potassium carbonate solid and 2g of saturated solution containing potassium hydroxide into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, preserving the temperature for 2h at 20 ℃, and then uniformly cooling to 2 ℃ at the speed of 0.1 ℃/min. Keeping the temperature at 2 ℃ for 2h, performing plate-frame filter pressing separation, drying the obtained solid at 40 ℃ for 24h to obtain ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with potassium content of 3.2%, wherein the chemical formula is (NH)4)0.93K0.07HCO3。
Example 4
Weighing 200g of ammonium bicarbonate solid, mixing with 600mL of deionized water, preparing 800g of ammonium bicarbonate slurry with the mass fraction of 25%, and preserving heat for 1h at 35 ℃. Then 6g of potassium bicarbonate solid and 5g of potassium metaphosphate solid are added into the ammonium bicarbonate slurry, and the mixture is cooled to 15 ℃ at a constant speed of 2 ℃/min. Keeping the temperature at 15 ℃ for 1h, performing plate-frame filter pressing separation, drying the obtained solid at 20 ℃ for 48h to obtain ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with potassium content of 0.5%, wherein the chemical formula is (NH)4)0.99K0.01HCO3。
Example 5
Weighing 200g of ammonium bicarbonate solid, mixing with 800mL of deionized water, preparing 1000g of ammonium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 20%, and preserving heat for 0.5h at 40 ℃. Then the temperature is reduced at a constant speed of 0.1 ℃/min, and at the initial crystallization moment, namely when the first crystallization of the solution is observed, 100g of saturated solution containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, and the temperature is continuously reduced to 5 ℃. Keeping the temperature at 5 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out centrifugal separation, drying the obtained solid at 30 ℃ for 48h to prepare ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with potassium content of 6 percent, wherein the chemical formula is (NH)4)0.87K0.13HCO3。
Example 6
Weighing 200g of ammonium bicarbonate solid, mixing with 800mL of deionized water, preparing 1000g of ammonium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 20%, and preserving heat for 1h at 30 ℃. Then the temperature is reduced at a constant speed of 1 ℃/min, and at the initial crystallization moment, namely when the first crystallization of the solution is observed, 20g of saturated solution containing potassium bicarbonate and potassium bisulfate is added into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, and the temperature is continuously reduced to 10 ℃. Keeping the temperature at 10 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out vacuum filtration, drying the obtained solid at 30 ℃ for 48h to obtain ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with potassium content of 4%, wherein the chemical formula is (NH)4)0.92K0.08HCO3。
Example 7
Weighing 150g of ammonium bicarbonate solid, mixing with 850mL of deionized water, preparing 1000g of ammonium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 15%, and preserving heat for 0.5h at 35 ℃. Then adding 25g of potassium carbonate solid and 25g of potassium hydroxide solid into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, and uniformly cooling to 5 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min. Keeping the temperature at 5 ℃ for 2h, then carrying out centrifugal separation, drying the obtained solid at 20 ℃ for 48h to obtain ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with the potassium content of 9.5 percent, wherein the chemical formula is (NH)4)0.8K0.2HCO3。
Example 8
Weighing 200g of ammonium bicarbonate solid, mixing with 800mL of deionized water, preparing 1000g of ammonium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 20%, and preserving heat for 0.5h at 40 ℃. Then 20g of solid potassium hydroxide is added into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, and the temperature is reduced to 10 ℃ at a constant speed of 1.5 ℃/min. Keeping the temperature at 10 deg.C for 1h, centrifuging, drying the solid at 30 deg.C for 36 hr to obtain ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal with potassium content of 2.5% (NH)4)0.95K0.05HCO3。
Claims (10)
1. The ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal is characterized in that: the molecular formula is (NH)4)1-xKxHCO3And x is 0.01-0.25.
2. The method for preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: any one of the following is adopted:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: adding potassium salt into the ammonium bicarbonate solution or the slurry, cooling the mixed system to 2-15 ℃, preserving heat, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation;
the second method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: and (3) cooling the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry until crystallization begins, adding potassium salt, preserving the temperature at 2-15 ℃, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation.
3. The method for preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the cooling rate is 0.1-2 ℃/min; and preserving the heat for 0.5-2 h at the temperature of 2-15 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the method I also comprises the step of preserving the temperature of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry at 20-40 ℃, and then adding potassium salt; or further comprising the step of preserving the temperature of the mixed system of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or the slurry and the sylvite at 20-40 ℃, and then cooling; preferably, the temperature is kept at 20-40 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
5. The method for preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: in the second method, the step of preserving the temperature of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or the slurry at 20-40 ℃ is also included, and then the temperature is reduced; preferably, the temperature is kept at 20-40 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
6. The method for preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: the addition amount of the potassium salt is 2-20% of the mass of the ammonium bicarbonate by the potassium element.
7. The method for preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: the mass fraction of the ammonium bicarbonate solution or slurry is 15-25%.
8. The method for preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that: the potassium salt is at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium metaphosphate or potassium hydrogen sulfate; preferably, the potassium salt is at least one of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
9. The ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal prepared by the method for preparing the ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to any one of claims 2 to 8.
10. The ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal according to claim 9, characterized in that: the molecular formula is (NH)4)1-xKxHCO3And x is 0.01-0.25.
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| CN112830849A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-05-25 | 四川大学 | Modified ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal and preparation method thereof |
| CN112830849B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2023-09-26 | 四川大学 | Modified ammonium bicarbonate mixed crystal and preparation method thereof |
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