CN110890923A - DP-DPMZM-based microwave photon phase-adjustable frequency conversion method and system - Google Patents
DP-DPMZM-based microwave photon phase-adjustable frequency conversion method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a microwave photon phase adjustable frequency conversion method and system based on a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator DP-DPMZM and a polarization modulator PolM. The radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal respectively drive two DPMZMs of the DP-DPMZM to generate two optical waves of a carrier suppression radio frequency single sideband and a local oscillator single sideband which are in orthogonal polarization, and the frequency interval of the two optical waves is changed by adjusting the positive and negative bias voltages of the DP-DPMZM and the frequency of the local oscillator signal, so that up-down frequency conversion with adjustable frequency is realized; introducing a phase shift between the two optical waves by adjusting the direct current bias voltage of the PolM; and two polarization orthogonal signals are projected to the same polarization direction by the polarizing plate Pol; and performing photoelectric conversion by a photoelectric detector to output a radio frequency signal subjected to frequency conversion and phase shift. The scheme does not use an optical filter, has good adjustability of frequency conversion, and can realize continuously adjustable linear phase shift only by adjusting the direct current bias voltage of the PolM.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to radar systems, and more particularly to two important signal processing functions in radar systems-frequency conversion and phase shifting. The invention provides a microwave photonic device capable of simultaneously realizing adjustable frequency up-down frequency conversion and arbitrary linear phase shift.
Background
The phased array antenna can realize the functions of multi-target tracking, ultrafast scanning, multi-beam forming and the like, and has important application in meteorology, wireless communication and radar systems. Phased array beamforming systems typically require multiple phase shifters to introduce phase shifts to microwave signals transmitted to or received from the antenna elements to achieve beam scanning. Conventional microwave phase shifters based on switching technology cannot achieve continuously adjustable phase shift, while tunable waveguide based microwave phase shifters typically have limited response speed. The microwave mixing function can effectively improve the flexibility and functions of the phased array beam forming system, and is usually realized by an independent mixing device, but the traditional microwave mixer based on an electronic device has the problems of limited bandwidth, high electromagnetic interference susceptibility and the like. Microwave photonics is a subject for researching the interaction between microwaves and light waves, namely, microwave millimeter wave signals are generated, processed, controlled and transmitted by utilizing a photon technology, so that various signal processing schemes based on the photon technology are provided and a microwave photonics signal processing functional module is established. Compared with the traditional microwave system, the microwave photon technology can effectively overcome the problem of electronic bottleneck, even can realize the functions which are difficult to realize by the traditional microwave system, has many new advantages such as low loss, large bandwidth, small volume, light weight, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and can be realized by an integrated optical circuit. The phase-adjustable frequency converter based on the microwave photon technology can realize the integration of phase shifting and frequency mixing functions in an optical domain, and can solve the problems existing in the traditional electronic phase shifter and the traditional frequency mixer.
There are many reports in the literature of microwave photonics phase shifter and mixer implementations, with few structures to achieve both frequency translation and phase shifting. There are schemes based on mach-zehnder modulators and filters that require optical filters to select one sideband, suppress the optical carrier, and the other sideband, which require precise control of the wavelength of the laser source to ensure that the filter filters out the unwanted carriers and sidebands and that the frequency tunability of the system is limited, what is worse, this method can only achieve frequency down-conversion phase shifting and cannot achieve frequency up-conversion phase shifting. There are also solutions based on wavelength division multiplexers, delay lines (TDL), polarizers and polarization controllers, but such solutions are relatively complex in structure and, due to the phase shifting operation using the polarization controller PC, the relationship between the RF phase shift of the radio frequency signal and the polarization controller is not predefined and the tuning speed and accuracy of the phase shift is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a dual-polarization dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator DP-DPMZM and polarization modulator PolM based microwave photonic phase adjustable frequency conversion method, which realizes frequency adjustable up-down frequency conversion by adjusting the positive and negative of the bias voltage of the DP-DPMZM and the local oscillation signal frequency, and can realize any linear phase shift by adjusting the dc bias voltage of the PolM, the method includes the following steps:
as a preferred method, the frequency f generated by the laser source is adjustedC＝ωCCW injection of a/2 pi continuous light wave into DP-DPMZM, then, driving an upper path and a lower path of the DP-DPMZM respectively by using a radio frequency signal and a local oscillator signal, setting bias voltage of the DP-DPMZM to enable the upper path and the lower path of the DPMZM to be located at a minimum transmission point, and outputting a carrier suppression radio frequency single sideband light wave E by the DPMZM1 under the drive of the radio frequency signalXThe DPMZM2 outputs a carrier suppression local oscillation single sideband optical wave E under the drive of a local oscillation signalYAdjusting the optical wave E by varying the local oscillator signal frequency and the bias voltageXAnd EYFrequency interval between, light wave EYAfter polarization rotation, the light passes through a polarization beam combiner PBC and a light wave EXOrthogonal combining, DP-DPMZM output comprising orthogonally polarized EXAnd EYTwo light waves of light-carrying radio frequency signals;
as a preferred method, when the optical carrier RF signal outputted from DP-DPMZM is injected into PolM, two orthogonally polarized optical waves E of the optical carrier RF signal are ensuredXAnd EYAligned with the TM and TE modes of PolM, at optical wave E by a bias voltage applied to PolMXAnd EYIntroducing continuously adjustable linear relative phase shift;
as a preferred method, the phase-shifted RF signal is passed through a polarizer Pol at a 45 DEG angle to the principal axis of the polarization modulator PolM, an optical wave EXAnd EYProjected to the same polarization direction, photoelectrically converted by photodiode, and frequency convertedAnd a phase-shifted radio frequency signal.
As a preferred method, a continuous light wave generated by a laser source is injected into the DP-DPMZM; the DP-DPMZM consists of two dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (DPMZMs) and one 90 DEG polarization rotator, wherein the half-wave voltage of each child MZM and the parent MZM of the two DPMZMs is Vπ(ii) a Injected into DP-DPMZM at a frequency fCThe optical signal of the optical coupler is divided into two paths by a 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler, wherein one path of optical signal is injected into an upper path formed by a DPMZM (DPMZM1), the other path of optical signal is injected into a lower path formed by a DPMZM (DPMZM2) which is connected with a 90-degree polarization rotator in series, and the output of the upper and lower paths is connected with a polarization beam combiner PBC to realize optical signal combining; the bias voltage of two child MZMs and a parent MZM in DPMZM1 is Vb1＝Vb2＝Vπ、Vb3＝V π2, DPMZM1 at frequency fRF＝ωRFThe output frequency is f under the drive of a radio frequency signal of/2 piC+fRFCarrier suppressed radio frequency single sideband lightwave EX(ii) a The bias voltage of two child MZMs and a parent MZM in DPMZM2 is Vb4＝Vb5＝Vπ、Vb6＝±V π2, DPMZM2 at frequency fLO＝ωLOOutput frequency f under the drive of local oscillation signal of/2 piC±fLOCarrier suppression local oscillator single sideband optical wave EYThe specific up-conversion and down-conversion depend on the positive and negative signs of the bias voltage of the parent MZM; light wave EYPassing through a 90-degree polarization rotator and then through a polarization beam combiner PBC and an optical wave EXOrthogonal combination with output frequency fRF±fLOComprising EXAnd EYTwo light-carrying radio frequency signals of orthogonal polarized light waves; changing light wave E by adjusting local oscillator signal frequency and bias voltage positive and negativeXAnd EYFrequency interval between
Thereby achieving frequency conversion of the radio frequency signal.
As a preferred method, two orthogonally polarized light waves E are involvedXAnd EYIs injected to half-wave voltageIs a Vπ1Polarization modulator PolM, EXAnd EYRespectively aligning TE mode and TM mode of PolM; PolM can realize phase modulation with opposite phase modulation indexes on TE mode and TM mode under the action of bias voltage u, so that light wave EXIntroducing additional phase pi u/Vπ1Light wave EYIntroducing additional phase-pi u/Vπ1By adjusting the bias voltage u of PolM, two orthogonally polarized light waves E in an optical RF signal can be obtainedXAnd EYThe relative phase of the two linear motion ranges from phi to 2 pi u/Vπ1Namely, the continuous and linear random phase shift is realized for the optical carrier radio frequency signal.
The invention provides a frequency conversion system with adjustable microwave photon phase based on DP-DPMZM and PolM, which realizes up-down frequency conversion with adjustable frequency by adjusting the positive and negative of the bias voltage of DP-DPMZM and the frequency of local oscillation signals, realizes random linear phase shift by adjusting the direct current bias voltage of PolM, and comprises:
a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator DP-DPMZM is divided into two paths by a 1 x 2 optical coupler to realize the branching of an input optical signal, an upper branch is formed by a DPMZM (DPMZM1), a lower branch is formed by connecting the DPMZM (DPMZM2) in series with a 90-degree polarization rotator, and half-wave voltages of each sub MZM and a parent MZM of the two DPMZMs are Vπ(ii) a The output ends of the upper and lower branches are connected with the PBC to realize signal combination; carrier suppressed radio frequency single sideband E for producing orthogonal polarizationsXAnd local oscillator single sideband EYTwo light waves, by adjusting the local oscillator signal frequency and the positive or negative change of the bias voltage EXAnd EYThe frequency interval between the two adjacent optical carriers realizes the frequency conversion of the optical carrier radio frequency signal;
a polarization modulator PolM, a special modulator with a half-wave voltage Vπ1Can realize the phase modulation of phase modulation index inversion for TE mode and TM mode, and introduce opposite phase shift + -pi u/Vπ1For suppressing radio frequency single sideband E at orthogonally polarized carriersXAnd local oscillator single sideband EYIntroducing opposite phase difference phi between two light waves 2 pi u/Vπ1To realize phase shift, phase shift and offset of any angleThe voltage u is linear, and the maximum phase shift range depends on the half-wave voltageπ1And maximum voltage tolerated by PolM;
a polarizing plate Pol for projecting two polarization orthogonal signals to the same polarization direction;
a photo detector PD for performing photoelectric conversion and outputting a frequency-converted and phase-shifted radio frequency signal.
After the technical scheme provided by the invention is adopted, the DP-DPMZM generates the carrier suppression radio frequency single sideband E with orthogonal polarizationXAnd local oscillator single sideband EYTwo light waves. E in optical carrier radio frequency signal can be adjusted by adjusting bias voltage u of PolMXAnd EYTwo orthogonally polarized light waves introduce a continuously adjustable arbitrary linear phase shift. Containing orthogonal polarizations of EXAnd EYThe optical radio-frequency signals of the two light waves are projected to the same polarization direction through a polarizing plate Pol which forms an angle of 45 degrees with the main axis of a polarization modulator PolM, and are subjected to photoelectric conversion through a photodiode to output radio-frequency signals subjected to frequency conversion and linear phase shift. Because the proposal of the invention can realize the carrier suppression radio frequency single sideband modulation by using DP-DPMZM without using an optical filter, the invention has higher frequency adjustability; in addition, continuous adjustable phase shift is realized by the direct current bias voltage of PolM, and the phase shift and the DC bias voltage have linear relation, so that the error range of the phase shift is within 1 DEG, the response time of the phase shift is less than 50 mu s, and the maximum phase shift range depends on that half-wave voltages are all Vπ1And the maximum voltage that PolM can withstand, can typically be much greater than 360 °.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a microwave photonic phase-adjustable frequency converter system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a spectrum of an orthogonally polarized optical signal output by the DP-DPMZM at down-conversion;
FIG. 3 is a spectrum of a photocurrent output by the down-converted PD;
FIG. 4 is a spectrum of an orthogonally polarized optical signal output by the DP-DPMZM at up-conversion;
FIG. 5 is a spectrum of photocurrent output by the up-conversion PD;
FIGS. 6(a) - (i) are waveform diagrams where the downconverted phase shifted signals are at 10GHz, the phase shifts being 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, 315 °, 360 °, respectively;
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention.
The system comprises:
the device comprises a Continuous Wave (CW) laser source, a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM), a polarization modulator (PolM), a polarizing plate (Pol) and a Photoelectric Detector (PD).
The invention provides a frequency conversion method with adjustable microwave photon phase based on a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator DP-DPMZM and a polarization modulator PolM, which realizes up-down frequency conversion with adjustable frequency by adjusting the positive and negative bias voltage of the DP-DPMZM and the frequency of a local oscillation signal, and can realize any linear phase shift by adjusting the direct current bias voltage of the PolM, and the method comprises the following steps:
frequency f generated by laser sourceC193.1THz continuous light wave CW injection half-wave voltage is VπThe bias voltage of two child MZMs and a parent MZM of DP-DPMZM 1 is Vb1＝Vb2＝Vπ、Vb3＝V π2, DPMZM1 at frequency fRFDriven by a radio frequency signal of output frequency fC+fRFCarrier suppressed radio frequency single sideband optical wave
Wherein J1(. o) is a Bessel function of order 1, first class, E0Is the amplitude of the continuous optical carrier CW. Bias voltages V of two child MZMs and a parent MZM in DPMZM2b4＝Vb5＝Vπ、Vb6＝±Vπ/2. DPMZM2 at frequency fLODriven by the local oscillator signal, the output frequency is fC±fLOCarrier wave inhibiting book ofVibrating single-side band light wave
Light wave EYPassing through a 90-degree polarization rotator and then through a polarization beam combiner PBC and EXOrthogonal combining, DP-DPMZM output comprising orthogonally polarized EXAnd EYTwo-lightwave radio frequency signal
By positive or negative change of frequency and bias voltage of local oscillatorXAnd EYFrequency interval between
The spectra are shown in fig. 2 and 4.
Comprising two orthogonally polarized light waves EXAnd EYInjecting the radio-frequency signal into half-wave voltage of Vπ1Polarization modulator PolM, EXAnd EYRespectively aligning TE mode and TM mode of PolM; the PolM can realize phase modulation with opposite phase modulation indexes on a TE mode and a TM mode under the action of a bias voltage u, so that the output optical field of the PolM is
Light wave EXIntroducing additional phase pi u/Vπ1Light wave EYIntroducing additional phase-pi u/Vπ1The phase-shifted RF signal passes through a polarizer Pol at 45 DEG to the principal axis of the polarization modulator PolM, and E is orthogonal in polarizationXAnd EYThe two light waves are projected to the same polarization direction and converted into electric signals by a photoelectric detector, and the photoelectric current is
Can see the light of the channelsFrequency conversion of an electrically converted output radio frequency signal
Phase shift phi 2 pi u/Vπ1。
As can be seen from equation 6, the phase shift by changing the bias voltage of the polarization modulator PolM has no influence on the frequency conversion, and the up-down conversion also has no influence on the phase shift. We first set the bias voltage of PolM to some fixed value, changing the bias voltage V of the parent MZM of DPMZM2b6And the local oscillator signal has a frequency of fLOThe output electrical frequency spectrum of the photodetector is shown in fig. 3 and 5, thereby realizing frequency conversion of the radio frequency signal. Specifically, the bias voltage of the parent MZM takes a positive (negative) value, and the carrier suppression local oscillation single sideband optical wave is fC+fLO(fC-fLO)，EXAnd EYFrequency interval f betweenRF-fLO(fRF+fLO) The frequency of the radio frequency signal in the photocurrent is fRF-fLO(fRF+fLO) Corresponding to down (up) conversion. Then, considering the phase shift function, taking the case of frequency down-conversion of 15GHz microwave signal to 10GHz as an example, the waveform of the output signal of the photodetector varies with the bias voltage u of PolM as shown in FIG. 6. As shown in fig. 6(a) to (i), as the bias voltage u of PolM increases from 0V to 4.0V at intervals of 0.5V, the phase of the down-converted signal linearly moves in steps of 45 °. Fig. 6(i) shows a linear relationship between the bias voltage u and the phase shift of PolM. The linear phase shift of any angle can be realized on the frequency-converted radio frequency signal by adjusting the bias voltage u.
In practical application, two most important processing functions of frequency conversion and phase shift are required in a microwave photonic phased array beam forming network. On the one hand, the microwave shift function plays a key role in phased array antennas and analog signal processing. On the other hand, at the transmitter the intermediate frequency signal needs to be converted to a radio frequency signal, and at the receiver the radio frequency signal needs to be converted to an intermediate frequency signal. The system and method provided by the invention can realize frequency up/down conversion and linear phase shift at the same time. Fig. 2-5 show that the RF signal can be frequency up/down converted and that the frequency up/down converted signal maintains an almost constant amplitude. Meanwhile, fig. 6 shows that the phase of the frequency up/down converted signal can realize an arbitrary linear phase shift and phase shift.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A microwave photon phase adjustable frequency conversion method based on a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach Zehnder modulator DP-DPMZM and a polarization modulator PolM realizes frequency adjustable up-down frequency conversion by adjusting the positive and negative bias voltage of the DP-DPMZM and the frequency of a local oscillation signal, and can realize any linear phase shift by adjusting the direct current bias voltage of the PolM, and the method comprises the following steps:
the frequency generated by the laser source is fCInjecting the continuous optical wave CW into the DP-DPMZM, driving an upper path and a lower path of the DP-DPMZM respectively by using a radio frequency signal and a local oscillator signal, setting bias voltage of the DP-DPMZM to enable the upper path and the lower path of the DPMZM to be positioned at a minimum transmission point, and outputting a carrier suppression radio frequency single sideband optical wave E by the DPMZM1 under the drive of the radio frequency signalXThe DPMZM2 outputs a carrier suppression local oscillation single sideband optical wave E under the drive of a local oscillation signalYAdjusting the optical wave E by varying the local oscillator signal frequency and the bias voltageXAnd EYFrequency interval between, light wave EYAfter polarization rotation, the light passes through a polarization beam combiner PBC and a light wave EXOrthogonal combining, DP-DPMZM output comprising two optical waves E of orthogonal polarizationXAnd EYThe optical carrier radio frequency signal of (a);
when the optical carrier radio frequency signal output by the DP-DPMZM is injected into the PolM, two optical waves E with orthogonal polarization of the optical carrier radio frequency signal are ensuredXAnd EYAligned with the TM and TE modes of PolM, at optical wave E by a bias voltage applied to PolMXAnd EYIntroducing continuously adjustable linear relative phase shift therebetween；
The phase-shifted RF signal passes through a polarizer Pol, an optical wave E, at an angle of 45 DEG to the principal axis of the polarization modulator PolMXAnd EYProjected to the same polarization direction, and photoelectrically converted by a photodiode to output a frequency-converted and phase-shifted radio frequency signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the DP-DPMZM device:
the DP-DPMZM consists of two dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (DPMZMs) and one 90 DEG polarization rotator, wherein the half-wave voltage of each child MZM and the parent MZM of the two DPMZMs is Vπ(ii) a Injected into DP-DPMZM at a frequency fCThe optical signal of the optical coupler is divided into two paths by a 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler, wherein one path of optical signal is injected into an upper path formed by a DPMZM (DPMZM1), the other path of optical signal is injected into a lower path formed by a DPMZM (DPMZM2) which is connected with a 90-degree polarization rotator in series, and the output of the upper and lower paths is connected with a polarization beam combiner PBC to realize optical signal combining; the bias voltage of two child MZMs and a parent MZM in DPMZM1 is Vb1＝Vb2＝Vπ、Vb3＝Vπ2, DPMZM1 at frequency fRF＝ωRFThe output frequency is f under the drive of a radio frequency signal of/2 piC+fRFCarrier suppressed radio frequency single sideband lightwave EX(ii) a The bias voltage of two child MZMs and a parent MZM in DPMZM2 is Vb4＝Vb5＝Vπ、Vb6＝±Vπ2, DPMZM2 at frequency fLODriven by the local oscillator signal, the output frequency is fC±fLOCarrier suppression local oscillator single sideband optical wave EYThe specific up-conversion and down-conversion depends on the bias voltage V of the parent MZMb6Positive and negative signs of (c); light wave EYPassing through a 90-degree polarization rotator and then through a polarization beam combiner PBC and an optical wave EXOrthogonal combination with output frequency fRF±fLOComprising EXAnd EYTwo light-carrying radio frequency signals of orthogonal polarized light waves; changing light wave E by adjusting local oscillator signal frequency and positive and negative of bias voltageXAnd EYFrequency interval between
Thereby achieving frequency conversion of the radio frequency signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the PolM device:
comprising two orthogonally polarized light waves EXAnd EYInjecting the radio-frequency signal into half-wave voltage of Vπ1PolM, light wave EXAnd EYRespectively aligning TE mode and TM mode of PolM; PolM can realize phase modulation with opposite phase modulation indexes on TE mode and TM mode under the action of bias voltage u, so that light wave EXIntroducing additional phase pi u/Vπ1Light wave EYIntroducing additional phase-pi u/Vπ1E in RF signal on optical carrier by adjusting bias voltage uXAnd EYTwo orthogonal polarized light waves realize continuously adjustable arbitrary linear phase shift phi 2 pi u/Vπ1Namely, the continuous and linear random phase shift is realized for the optical carrier radio frequency signal.
4. A frequency conversion system with adjustable microwave photon phase based on DP-DPMZM and PolM realizes up-down frequency conversion with adjustable frequency by adjusting positive and negative of DP-DPMZM bias voltage and local oscillation signal frequency, and realizes arbitrary linear phase shift by adjusting PolM direct current bias voltage, comprising:
a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator DP-DPMZM is divided into two paths by a 1 x 2 optical coupler to realize the branching of an input optical signal, an upper branch is formed by one DPMZM1, a lower branch is formed by one DPMZM2 connected with a 90-degree polarization rotator in series, and the half-wave voltage of each sub MZM and a parent MZM of the two DPMZMs is Vπ(ii) a The output ends of the upper and lower branches are connected with the PBC to realize signal combination; carrier suppressed radio frequency single sideband E for producing orthogonal polarizationsXAnd local oscillator single sideband EYTwo light waves, and the light wave E is changed by adjusting the frequency of the local oscillator signal and the positive and negative of the bias voltageXAnd EYFrequency interval between the two to realize optical carrier radio frequency signalFrequency conversion of (1);
a polarization modulator PolM, a special modulator with a half-wave voltage Vπ1Can realize the phase modulation of phase modulation index inversion for TE mode and TM mode, and introduce opposite phase shift + -pi u/Vπ1For suppressing radio frequency single sideband E at orthogonally polarized carriersXAnd local oscillator single sideband EYIntroducing opposite phase difference phi between two light waves 2 pi u/Vπ1Realizing phase shift of any angle, the phase shift and the bias voltage u are in linear relation, and the maximum phase shift range depends on that half-wave voltage is Vπ1And maximum voltage tolerated by PolM;
a polarizing plate Pol for projecting two polarization orthogonal signals to the same polarization direction;
a photo detector PD for performing photoelectric conversion and outputting a frequency-converted and phase-shifted radio frequency signal.
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