CN110890236B - Controllable time delay trigger device of modularization - Google Patents
Controllable time delay trigger device of modularization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110890236B CN110890236B CN201911210322.8A CN201911210322A CN110890236B CN 110890236 B CN110890236 B CN 110890236B CN 201911210322 A CN201911210322 A CN 201911210322A CN 110890236 B CN110890236 B CN 110890236B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- cover
- insulating
- fusible alloy
- spiral cover
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H7/00—Devices for introducing a predetermined time delay between the initiation of the switching operation and the opening or closing of the contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/36—Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member
Landscapes
- Fuses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a controllable modular delay trigger device, wherein a spring spiral cover, a spring, a safety pin, an insulation wire drawing, a fusible alloy and a positive contact are sequentially connected in an insulation shell. The modularized design is adopted to start and trigger, the spring spiral cover is connected with the upper end cover of the spring, the spring is driven to extend by rotating the spiral cover to store force, the spiral cover is provided with scales, and the extension amount of the spring is controlled by rotation. The size of the spring tension can be controlled through the rotation angle of the screw cap so as to determine the time for increasing the creep displacement of the fusible alloy to be in contact with the anode metal sleeve, and the aim of controlling the trigger time is fulfilled. After the safety pin is pulled out, the fusible alloy generates creep deformation under the action of the tension of the spring connected with the insulating wire, but the creep displacement is increased to form a passage when the fusible alloy is in contact with the positive metal sleeve, and then triggering is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial delay triggering instruments, in particular to a modularized controllable delay triggering device.
Background
At present, in the industrial production, a delay trigger device is sometimes needed to achieve the purpose of production, such as a delay detonating device, a device periodic maintenance device and the like. At present, the types of time delay devices are few, most of the time delay devices are electronic time delay devices, triggering is completed by setting time, electronic equipment has high requirements on working environments, and short circuit, open circuit and other forms of failure are easy to occur when the time delay devices are used in environments such as humidity, dust and the like. The mechanical device has relatively low requirements on the working environment, is not influenced by the loss of the electric quantity when the device is placed for a long time, and has the advantages of simple equipment structure and stable work.
The fusible alloy is a low-melting-point alloy, and different from the conventional alloy, the fusible alloy has time-dependent deformation under a certain stress condition at normal temperature, so that the possibility is provided for a time setting source of the time delay trigger device. The invention designs a modularized controllable delay trigger device by adopting the characteristic of the fusible alloy, and provides a reliable and stable delay trigger device for the related industry field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides the modularized controllable delay triggering device which adopts a modularized design, is simple to operate and can be used in various aspects.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a modularized controllable delay trigger device comprises a spring top cover spring spiral cover, a spring assembly, a safety pin, a step-shaped negative metal sleeve, an insulation wire drawing, a fusible alloy, an insulation outer shell, a conductive metal sheet, a positive contact and a negative contact.
The central coaxial line in the insulating shell is provided with a continuous step cavity, and the internal thread of the step cavity at the upper part is provided with a spring spiral cover.
The spring spiral cover is hollow, the middle of the spring spiral cover is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity through a partition plate, and a spring through hole is reserved in the center of the partition plate.
The spring assembly comprises a spring, the upper end of the spring is integrally connected with an upper spring end cover, the lower end of the spring is integrally connected with a lower spring end cover, and the lower spring end cover is provided with a large pull ring for a safety pin to pass through and a small pull ring for connecting an insulated wire drawing.
The spring of the spring assembly penetrates through the spring through hole of the spring spiral cover, and the upper cavity of the spring spiral cover is screwed into the spring top cover to tightly press the upper end cover of the spring.
And a safety pin insertion hole is reserved in the upper part of the insulating shell, the safety pin penetrates through the safety pin insertion hole and a large pull ring of the lower end cover of the spring, and the spring is in a stretching state at the moment.
The step-shaped cathode metal sleeve is arranged at a step of a step cavity channel of the insulating shell, the insulating drawn wire penetrates through a central preformed hole of the step-shaped cathode metal sleeve, the upper end of the insulating drawn wire is fixedly connected with a small pull ring of a lower end cover of the spring, and the lower end of the insulating drawn wire is fixedly connected with a metal cover at the upper end of the fusible alloy; and a gap is reserved between the metal cover and the lower end face of the step-shaped cathode metal sleeve.
The fusible alloy is positioned in a step cavity channel at the lower part of the insulating shell, and the lower end of the fusible alloy is connected with a positive electrode contact positioned at the tail end of the step cavity channel.
And a conductive metal sheet is embedded in the lower part of the insulating shell, one end of the conductive metal sheet is connected with the step-shaped cathode metal sleeve, and the other end of the conductive metal sheet is connected with a cathode contact positioned on the surface of the insulating shell.
When the insulating wire drawing device is used, in an insulating shell, the spring spiral cover is connected with the upper end cover of the spring through the spring top cover, and the lower end cover of the spring is connected with the positive pole of a circuit through an insulating wire drawing. The spring cap is rotated to adjust the elongation of the spring, and the force value is determined by the formula F ═ kx (where k is the spring constant of the spring and x is the elongation of the spring). When the spring cap is screwed for a certain angle to store force on the spring, the safety pin is pulled out, the spring can provide certain tension for the fusible alloy through the insulated wire drawing, and the fusible alloy generates tensile creep elongation under the action of the tension and finally contacts with the negative electrode metal sleeve, so that a passage is formed.
The invention has reasonable design, can calculate the time required by the fixed creep displacement under certain tension according to the experimental data of the creep experiment of the fusible alloy and a related calculation formula, and the safety of the device in a non-working state can be ensured by the design of the safety plug. By rotating the spring screw cap, the elongation of the spring, namely the tension value of the spring, can be adjusted as required, and then the spring gives tension to the fusible alloy through the insulating wire after the safety plug is pulled out, so that the fusible alloy generates creep deformation. When the creep displacement is delta l (t), the anode and the cathode of the loop are in contact, and the device is triggered, namely triggered at the moment t.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a mechanical model of a fusible alloy.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a modular controllable delay triggering device.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the construction of the spring screw cap.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of the spring assembly.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a stepped negative electrode metal sleeve.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of the top end of the fusible alloy with a metal cap attached.
In the figure: 1-spring top cover, 2-spring spiral cover, 21-clapboard, 22-upper cavity 23-lower cavity, 24-spring through hole, 3-spring component, 31-spring, 32-spring upper end cover, 33-spring lower end cover, 34-big pull ring, 35-small pull ring, 4-safety pin, 5-step-shaped negative metal sleeve, 51-protective sleeve, 6-insulation drawing wire, 7-fusible alloy, 71-metal cover, 8-insulation outer shell, 9-trip, 10-conductive metal sheet, 11-positive contact and 12-negative contact.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
A modularized controllable delay trigger device comprises a spring top cover 1, a spring spiral cover 2, a spring assembly 3, a safety pin 4, a step-shaped negative pole metal sleeve 5, an insulation wire drawing 6, a fusible alloy 7, an insulation outer shell 8, a conductive metal sheet 10, a positive pole contact 11 and a negative pole contact 12.
As shown in fig. 2, a central coaxial line in the insulating housing 1 is provided with continuous step channels to form three different diameter channels. The spring spiral cover 2, the spring component 3, the safety pin 4, the step-shaped negative metal sleeve 5, the insulation drawing wire 6, the fusible alloy 7 and the positive contact 11 are sequentially connected.
As shown in fig. 3, the spring screw cap 2 is hollow, and the middle part of the spring screw cap is divided into an upper cavity 22 and a lower cavity 23 by a partition plate 21, and a spring through hole 24 is reserved in the center of the partition plate 21. The edge of the spring spiral cover 2 is provided with scales for adjusting the spring.
As shown in fig. 4, the spring assembly 3 includes a spring 31, an upper end cap 32 is integrally connected to the upper end of the spring 31, a lower end cap 33 is integrally connected to the lower end of the spring 31, the lower end cap 32 is provided with a large pull ring 34 for the safety pin 4 to pass through and a small pull ring 35 connected to the insulation drawing 6, and the small pull ring 35 is located below the large pull ring 34.
As shown in fig. 2, a spring screw cap 2 is arranged in the upper step cavity channel through internal threads. The spring 31 of the spring assembly 3 passes through the spring through hole 24 of the spring screw cap 2, and the upper cavity of the spring screw cap 2 is screwed into the spring top cap 1 to press the upper spring end cover 32.
As shown in fig. 2, a safety pin insertion hole is reserved in the upper part of the insulating outer shell 8, the safety pin 4 passes through the safety pin insertion hole and a large pull ring 34 of a spring lower end cover 33, and the spring 31 is in a stretching state. After the safety pin 4 is pulled out, the fusible alloy 7 generates creep deformation under the action of the tension of the spring connected with the insulating drawn wire 6, but the creep displacement is increased to form a passage when the fusible alloy is in contact with the negative metal sleeve, and further delayed triggering is realized.
As shown in fig. 5, a sheath 51 for passing the insulation wire 6 is provided in the center of the stepped negative electrode metal sheath 5 to prevent the insulation wire from shaking when the safety pin is pulled out.
As shown in fig. 2, the stepped negative metal sleeve 5 is installed at the step of the stepped cavity channel of the insulating outer shell 8, the insulating drawn wire 6 passes through the central preformed hole of the stepped negative metal sleeve 5, the upper end of the insulating drawn wire 6 is fixedly connected with the small pull ring 35 of the lower end cover 33 of the spring, the lower end of the insulating drawn wire 6 is fixedly connected with the metal cover 71 at the upper end of the fusible alloy 7, as shown in fig. 6, the metal cover 71 is installed at the upper end of the fusible alloy 7; a gap is reserved between the metal cover 71 and the lower end face of the step-shaped cathode metal sleeve 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the fusible alloy 7 is located in the stepped channel at the lower part of the insulating outer housing 8, and the lower end of the fusible alloy 7 is connected with the anode contact 11 located at the tail end of the stepped channel.
As shown in fig. 2, a conductive metal sheet 10 is embedded in the lower portion of the insulating housing 8, one end of the conductive metal sheet 10 is connected to the stepped negative electrode metal sleeve 5, and the other end is connected to a negative electrode contact 12 on the surface of the insulating housing 8.
As shown in fig. 2, the insulating housing 8 is externally provided with a tenon 9 for modular installation.
In a specific application, in the insulating outer shell 8, the spring screw cap 2 is connected with the spring upper end cover 32 through the spring top cover 1, so that the extension amount of the spring 31 in the spring assembly 3 can be adjusted by rotating the screw cap 2, and the extension amount of the spring 31 is controlled according to scales on the spring screw cap 2. The lower end cover 33 of the spring is connected with the positive pole of the circuit through an insulation drawing 6. By rotating the spring cap 2, the elongation of the spring can be adjusted, and the force value is determined by the formula F ═ kx (where k is the spring constant of the spring and x is the elongation of the spring). When the cover is screwed for a certain angle to store force on the spring, the safety pin is pulled out, the spring can provide certain tension for the fusible alloy through the insulated wire drawing, and the fusible alloy generates tensile creep elongation under the action of the tension and finally contacts with the negative electrode metal sleeve, so that a passage is formed.
The specific delay trigger time is as follows:
1) in fig. 1, F is a force applied by the spring 31 to the mechanical model of the fusible alloy 7, G is an elastic modulus of the fusible alloy 7, and η is a damping coefficient of the model corresponding to the fusible alloy 7.
And (3) carrying out creep test on the fusible alloy under a certain stress sigma, setting the original length of the fusible alloy as l and the diameter as d, and analyzing experimental data by adopting a Voigt-MaxWell mechanical model to obtain the viscoelasticity constants G and tau of the material corresponding to the mechanical model.
Wherein epsilon (t) is creep strain, sigma is creep stress, G is a spring constant in a mechanical model, tau is model delay time, and t is a time variable.
2) The spring preset tension F can be realized by screwing the cover through the adjusting device, and the spring extends by x:
x＝x0-Δ+Δx (2)
F＝kx (3)
wherein x0The initial length of the spring is delta x, the adjustment amount of the screw cap is delta x, k is the spring elastic constant, and delta is the distance between the positive pole and the negative pole. Δ is small relative to the spring extension x, so that after the adjustment of the screw cap is completed, the spring extension x is approximately constant in the working state of the mechanism. The elastic displacement of the fusible alloy wire under the action of spring tension F is set to be delta l, the elastic modulus of the fusible alloy material is set to be E, the sectional area is set to be A, and the displacement is a time-independent term. Let Δ l (t) be the time-dependent creep displacement, which is defined as Δ l + Δ l (t). Elastic displacement Deltal and creepThe stress sigma and strain epsilon (t) of the variable-stage fusible alloy can be expressed as
3) Substituting the formulas (3), (5) and (6) into the formula (1) to obtain
Namely, it is
4) The delay time calculation formula t is as follows:
wherein Δ l (t) ═ Δ - Δ l.
5) When the spring screwing cover is screwed for a certain angle (namely, the extension amount of the spring is adjusted to a required value), the safety pin is pulled out, the spring can provide certain tension for the fusible alloy through the insulating wire, and the fusible alloy is stretched, creeped and extended under the action of the tension. When the creep displacement is delta l (t), the anode and the cathode of the loop are in contact, and the device is triggered, namely triggered at the moment t.
In specific implementation, the insulating housing 8 is formed by two symmetrical parts which are beneficial to assembly. The spring screw cap 2 is screwed into the cavity at the upper end of the insulating shell body 8 through threads until the screw cap is screwed into the maximum depth. The upper end of an insulated wire drawing 6 is connected with a lower end cover 33 of a spring, a protective sleeve 51 of a step-shaped cathode metal sleeve 5 penetrates into the insulated wire drawing 6, the lower end of the insulated wire drawing 6 is connected with a metal cover 71 at the upper end of fusible alloy, then the connected whole is placed into a cavity of an insulated outer shell 8 through a spring spiral cover 2, and the lower end of the fusible alloy 7 is connected with a positive contact 11 positioned on the bottom end face (tail end of a step cavity channel) of the insulated outer shell 8. Then, the distance between the bottom surface of the negative metal sleeve 5 and the metal cover 71 is adjusted, and meanwhile, the conductive metal sheet 10 and the negative contact 12 are welded, and then are embedded into a clamping groove which is pre-arranged in the insulating outer shell 8 and are welded with the negative metal sleeve 5. The spring top cover 1 is then screwed into the spring screw cap 2 to secure the spring top cover 32. The latch 9 is installed, the safety pin 4 is inserted into the large tab 34 of the spring bottom end cap 33 and out of the outer housing, and then the insulating outer housing 8 is combined with another part.
In fig. 3, the edge of the spring spiral cover 2 is marked with scales, in order to ensure that the spring can be obviously stretched by rotating for a short angle, the pitch of the thread is enlarged, and trapezoidal threads are adopted.
In fig. 4, the spring 31, the upper spring end cover 32 and the lower spring end cover 33 are integrally designed to prevent the springs from being separated from each other, two holes are drilled in the lower spring end cover 33, the large hole is a through hole of the safety pin 4, and the small hole is a through hole of the insulation drawing 6.
In fig. 5, the longer sheath tube 51 is arranged at the center of the negative metal sleeve 5, so that the insulation wire 6 is prevented from shaking in the process of pulling out the safety pin 4, and the thickness of the lower wall of the negative metal sleeve 5 is increased by 1mm compared with the thickness of the upper wall in order to reduce the resistance by better contact with the metal cover 71.
The trigger device is integrally used as an insertion type module and is shaped like a cylinder, and limiting keys and clamping tenons are arranged on two sides of the lower portion of the trigger device for fixing. The modularized design is adopted to start and trigger, the spring is driven to extend by rotating the spring spiral cover to store force, the spring spiral cover is provided with scales, and the extension amount of the spring is controlled by rotation. The size of the spring tension can be controlled through the rotation angle of the screw cap so as to determine the time for the creep displacement of the fusible alloy to be increased to be in contact with the cathode metal sleeve, and therefore the purpose of controlling the triggering time is achieved.
It should be noted that modifications and applications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A controllable time delay trigger device of modularization which characterized in that: the spring assembly comprises a spring top cover (1), a spring spiral cover (2), a spring assembly (3), a safety pin (4), a step-shaped negative metal sleeve (5), an insulated wire drawing (6), a fusible alloy (7), an insulated outer shell (8), a conductive metal sheet (10), a positive contact (11) and a negative contact (12);
a continuous step cavity channel is coaxially arranged in the center of the insulating shell (8), and a spring spiral cover (2) is arranged in the inner thread of the step cavity channel at the upper part;
the spring spiral cover (2) is hollow, the middle part of the spring spiral cover is divided into an upper cavity (22) and a lower cavity (23) through a partition plate (21), and a spring through hole (24) is reserved in the center of the partition plate (21);
the spring assembly (3) comprises a spring (31), the upper end of the spring (31) is integrally connected with an upper spring end cover (32), the lower end of the spring (31) is integrally connected with a lower spring end cover (33), and the lower spring end cover (33) is provided with a large pull ring (34) for a safety pin (4) to pass through and a small pull ring (35) connected with an insulating drawn wire (6);
a spring (31) of the spring assembly (3) penetrates through a spring through hole (24) of the spring spiral cover (2), and the spring top cover (1) is screwed into an upper cavity of the spring spiral cover (2) to tightly press an upper end cover (32) of the spring;
a safety pin jack is reserved at the upper part of the insulating outer shell (8), the safety pin (4) penetrates through the safety pin jack and a large pull ring (34) of a spring lower end cover (33), and the spring (31) is in a stretching state at the moment;
the step-shaped cathode metal sleeve (5) is arranged at a step of a step cavity channel of the insulating outer shell (8), the insulating drawn wire (6) penetrates through a central preformed hole of the step-shaped cathode metal sleeve (5), the upper end of the insulating drawn wire (6) is fixedly connected with a small pull ring (35) of a lower spring end cover (33), and the lower end of the insulating drawn wire (6) is fixedly connected with a metal cover (71) at the upper end of the fusible alloy (7); a gap is reserved between the metal cover (71) and the lower end face of the step-shaped cathode metal sleeve (5);
the fusible alloy (7) is positioned in a step cavity channel at the lower part of the insulating outer shell (8), and the lower end of the fusible alloy (7) is connected with a positive electrode contact (11) positioned at the tail end of the step cavity channel;
the insulating shell body (8) lower part is embedded with and is installed conductive metal sheet (10), conductive metal sheet (10) one end is connected with step-like negative pole metal covering (5), its other end is connected with negative pole contact (12) that are located insulating shell body (8) surface.
2. The modular controllable delay triggering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the center of the step-shaped cathode metal sleeve (5) is provided with a protective sleeve (51) for the insulation drawing wire (6) to pass through.
3. A modular controllable delay triggering apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a clamping tenon (9) is arranged outside the insulating shell (8).
4. A modular controllable delay triggering apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: scales are arranged on the spring spiral cover (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911210322.8A CN110890236B (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Controllable time delay trigger device of modularization |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911210322.8A CN110890236B (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Controllable time delay trigger device of modularization |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110890236A CN110890236A (en) | 2020-03-17 |
| CN110890236B true CN110890236B (en) | 2021-08-03 |
Family
ID=69749707
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911210322.8A Active CN110890236B (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Controllable time delay trigger device of modularization |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110890236B (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191119597A (en) * | 1911-09-04 | 1912-04-25 | Walter Elsworthy Lilly | A Machine for Demonstrating on Centrifugal Force. |
| US4259656A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1981-03-31 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Thermal cut-off device with an activating spring that is held in a prestressed condition by a thermally fusible pellet |
| US4281308A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1981-07-28 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Thermal switch with split ring construction |
| CN102072839B (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2012-05-23 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | Firefighting fusible alloy element strength performance test method and device |
| CN103247498A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-08-14 | 厦门赛尔特电子有限公司 | Temperature fuse with double pawl spring leaves |
| CN107633984B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-12-13 | 泉州台商投资区镕逸科技有限公司 | Temperature fuse structure |
-
2019
- 2019-12-02 CN CN201911210322.8A patent/CN110890236B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110890236A (en) | 2020-03-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110890236B (en) | Controllable time delay trigger device of modularization | |
| CN206225104U (en) | A kind of new electromagnet | |
| CN201812789U (en) | Vacuum discharging tube | |
| CN105679583A (en) | Internal and external self closed-type micro switch | |
| CN210052861U (en) | Button type quick wiring terminal | |
| CN101894722A (en) | Vacuum discharge tube | |
| CN205789707U (en) | Pressure temperature combination switch | |
| WO2023103199A1 (en) | Electrical contact probe apparatus | |
| CN208433347U (en) | A kind of contact-making switch based on explosion driving principle | |
| CN206539918U (en) | A kind of LED lamp head structure | |
| CN200976347Y (en) | Power electronic power device gate electrode device | |
| CN201504017U (en) | Lightning arrester | |
| CN207250346U (en) | A kind of insulated pull rod for circuit breaker module | |
| CN208539295U (en) | Brush assembly of electric, brush rigging assemblies and motor | |
| CN208835419U (en) | Brush assembly of electric and motor | |
| CN108597968A (en) | A kind of adjustable buckle releaser and breaker | |
| CN114843104B (en) | Explosion-proof capacitor and assembling method thereof | |
| CN105632848A (en) | Circuit breaker capable of adjusting instantaneous tripping current | |
| CN218070232U (en) | Copper terminal fixing device | |
| CN212659366U (en) | Combined tension composite insulator | |
| CN2796182Y (en) | Coupling of split electric appliance | |
| CN213296691U (en) | Contraction type clearance compensator | |
| US2599187A (en) | Circuit interrupter construction | |
| CN219123149U (en) | Repeated memory temperature and current overcurrent self-recovery electric appliance protector | |
| CN201117840Y (en) | Terminal base |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |