CN110886666B - Binary adjustable spray pipe with self-adaptive aerodynamic sealing - Google Patents
Binary adjustable spray pipe with self-adaptive aerodynamic sealing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110886666B CN110886666B CN201911088159.2A CN201911088159A CN110886666B CN 110886666 B CN110886666 B CN 110886666B CN 201911088159 A CN201911088159 A CN 201911088159A CN 110886666 B CN110886666 B CN 110886666B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- adjusting plate
- plate
- airflow channel
- edge
- folding edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
- F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
- F02K1/12—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle by means of pivoted flaps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
- F02K1/78—Other construction of jet pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a binary adjustable spray pipe with self-adaptive aerodynamic sealing, belonging to the technical field of adjustable spray pipes, comprising the following steps: the fixing section, the side wall, the adjusting plate and the sealing strip; the side surfaces of the two side walls are respectively fixedly connected with two opposite side edges of the fixed section; the adjusting plate is pinned at the top edge of the fixed section and positioned between the two side walls, and the adjusting plate can rotate around a pin shaft at the pinned joint; an airflow channel is arranged in the adjusting plate, and a notch communicated with the airflow channel is arranged on the adjusting plate and on the side corresponding to the fixing section and is used as an air inlet of the airflow channel; openings communicated with the airflow channel are respectively arranged on the adjusting plate and on the corresponding sides of the two side walls and are used as air outlets of the airflow channel; each opening side of the adjusting plate is butted with the side wall of the corresponding side of the adjusting plate through a sealing strip; the invention can ensure the sealing property between the adjusting plate and the side wall of the binary adjustable nozzle, effectively control the gas leakage and improve the performance and the working reliability of the engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of adjustable spray pipes, and particularly relates to a binary adjustable spray pipe with self-adaptive aerodynamic sealing.
Background
The adjustable nozzle is an important component of advanced aero-engines and ramjet engines, controls the working state of the engine by adjusting the throat or outlet area of the nozzle, and is one of the most main control variables of the engine. The adjustable nozzles can be roughly divided into two categories, namely axisymmetric adjustable nozzles and binary adjustable nozzles according to different flow passage sections, wherein the axisymmetric adjustable nozzles are widely applied, and the binary adjustable nozzles are only used in American F-119 engines at present due to the reasons of large technical difficulty, obvious weight gain and the like. However, as combined engine technology has evolved, binary variable nozzle technology has again gained in importance.
The structure of the binary adjustable nozzle is shown in figure 1, high-temperature fuel gas is sprayed out from an outlet (an outlet of a combustion chamber) of a fixed section and then is sprayed into the atmosphere through an inner flow channel formed by a side wall and an adjusting plate. The adjustment plate is rotatable about the pin to vary the throat area (or exit area) of the internal flow passageway. Because all be fixed connection between lateral wall, hypoplastron and the canned paragraph, consequently there is not the high temperature gas problem of revealing, nevertheless can not fix between regulating plate and the lateral wall during the design, must leave certain gap and guarantee that the regulating plate can rotate, consequently there is the problem that the high temperature gas revealed between regulating plate and the lateral wall.
When the engine works, if high-temperature gas leakage occurs, the thrust performance of the engine is firstly influenced, and secondly, the high-temperature gas damages other electronic components and parts of normal-temperature material parts, so that the safety and the reliability of the engine are adversely affected, and therefore, a gap between the adjusting plate and the side wall needs to be effectively sealed.
The problem of sealing between the adjusting plate and the side wall of the binary adjustable nozzle is one of the technical difficulties of the binary adjustable nozzle. Because the adjusting plate needs to be sealed in the moving process and the static state, the adjusting plate is not suitable for adopting static sealing; because the speed of the adjusting plate is not high when the adjusting plate moves, the conventional dynamic seal can not be adopted; in addition, the spray pipe is positioned at the tail part of the engine, the temperature of the gas flowing in the spray pipe is high, the heat load is large, and a proper sealing component is difficult to find.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a binary adjustable nozzle with adaptive aerodynamic sealing, which can ensure the sealing property between an adjusting plate and a side wall of the binary adjustable nozzle, effectively control gas leakage, and improve the performance and the working reliability of an engine.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an adaptive aerodynamically sealed binary variable nozzle, comprising: the fixing section, the side wall, the adjusting plate and the sealing strip;
the fixed section is a rectangular frame, the bottom edge of the fixed section is fixed on the supporting surface, and the rectangular hollow part of the fixed section is the air inlet of the binary adjustable spray pipe;
the side surfaces of the two side walls are respectively fixedly connected with two opposite side edges of the fixed section;
the adjusting plate is pinned at the top edge of the fixed section and positioned between the two side walls, and the adjusting plate can rotate around a pin shaft at the pinned joint; the fixed section, the supporting surface, the two side walls and the adjusting plate form a binary adjustable spray pipe;
an airflow channel is arranged in the adjusting plate, and a notch communicated with the airflow channel is arranged on the adjusting plate and on the side corresponding to the fixing section and is used as an air inlet of the airflow channel; openings communicated with the airflow channel are respectively arranged on the adjusting plate and on the corresponding sides of the two side walls and are used as air outlets of the airflow channel; the length of the air outlet is consistent with that of the side edge of the corresponding side of the adjusting plate;
each opening side of the adjusting plate is butted with the side wall of the corresponding side of the adjusting plate through a sealing strip, the opening side of the adjusting plate is closed, and the part of the sealing strip, which is positioned in the opening side of the adjusting plate, is in sliding fit with the inner surface of the adjusting plate.
Furthermore, the main body of the adjusting plate is a rectangular flat plate, two opposite sides of the rectangular flat plate are respectively provided with a folding edge which is perpendicular to the flat plate, namely a folding edge I and a folding edge II, and the folding directions and the heights of the folding edges I and the folding edges II are the same; the middle part of the folding edge I is provided with a notch which divides the folding edge I into a folding edge A and a folding edge B, two rows of flow guide block groups are arranged on the surface of the folding edge of the rectangular flat plate, and the two rows of flow guide block groups respectively correspond to the folding edge A and the folding edge B; the upper surface of the flow guide block is flush with the top edge of the folded edge;
the apron is the dull and stereotyped the same flat with the rectangular plate size of regulating plate, and the apron lid is adorned at the plane top of the water conservancy diversion block group place of regulating plate for form airflow channel in the regulating plate, airflow channel's air inlet is the breach of regulating plate, and the gas outlet is the double-phase offside that is not equipped with the book edge of regulating plate, and the air current is discharged by the gas outlet after entering airflow channel by its air inlet, behind the passageway that forms between arbitrary two adjacent water conservancy diversion pieces.
Furthermore, the rectangular flat plate of the adjusting plate is provided with more than two air holes.
Furthermore, the rectangular flat plate of the adjusting plate is positioned on the inner surface of the binary adjustable nozzle.
Furthermore, each row of flow guide block groups comprise more than two flow guide blocks with the same interval.
Further, the sealing strip is a hollow cuboid.
Furthermore, one side surface of the sealing strip along the length direction is provided with an opening, and the opening side of the sealing strip is positioned in the side opening of the adjusting plate on the side corresponding to the opening side.
Furthermore, a connecting lug connected with the adjusting plate is arranged on the top edge of the fixing section;
the outer sides of the folding edge A and the folding edge B of the adjusting plate are respectively provided with a mounting ear which is matched with the connecting ear of the fixed section;
the mounting lug of the adjusting plate is connected with the connecting lug of the fixing section through a pin shaft.
Has the advantages that: the invention seals the gap between the adjusting plate and the side wall by using a method of pushing the sealing strip by aerodynamic force, only uses metal parts without special thermal protection measures, has simple structure and easy processing, effectively solves the problem of high-temperature gas or cold gas or mixed gas sealing of the two or high-temperature gas and the cold gas in the binary adjustable spray pipe of the adjusting plate in moving and static states, and has important help to ensure the thrust performance of an engine and improve the safety and the reliability of the engine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a prior art binary variable nozzle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an adjusting plate and a sealing strip according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the fixed segment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sidewall structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the adjustment plate;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a cover plate configuration;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a seal strip configuration;
wherein, 1-a fixed section, 2-a side wall, 3-an adjusting plate, 4-a cover plate and 5-a sealing strip.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides an adaptive aerodynamic sealing binary variable nozzle, referring to fig. 2 and 3, comprising: the device comprises a fixed section 1, a side wall 2, an adjusting plate 3, a cover plate 4 and a sealing strip 5;
referring to fig. 5, the fixed section 1 is a rectangular frame, the top side of the fixed section is provided with a connecting lug connected with the adjusting plate 3, the bottom side of the fixed section is fixed on a supporting surface, the fixed section 1 is used for communicating a combustion chamber and a spray pipe, the rectangular hollow part of the fixed section is an air inlet of the binary adjustable spray pipe, and the supporting surface is the bottom surface of the binary adjustable spray pipe;
referring to fig. 6, the side walls 2 are flat plates with a quadrilateral shape or other polygonal shapes, and the two side walls 2 are respectively fixedly connected with two opposite side edges of the fixed section 1 through bolts; 2 of the two side walls are two side surfaces of the binary adjustable nozzle;
referring to fig. 7, the main body of the adjusting plate 3 is a rectangular flat plate, and more than two air holes are formed in the rectangular flat plate; two folding edges perpendicular to the flat plate are arranged on two opposite sides of the rectangular flat plate and respectively comprise a folding edge I and a folding edge II, and the folding directions and the heights of the folding edges I and the folding edges II are the same; the middle part of the folding edge I is provided with a notch which is parallel and level with the rectangular flat plate, the folding edge I is divided into two same folding edges by the notch, namely a folding edge A and a folding edge B, and the outer sides of the folding edge A and the folding edge B are respectively provided with a mounting lug which is matched with the connecting lug of the fixed section 1; two rows of flow guide block groups are arranged on the surface of the folding edge of the rectangular flat plate, and the two rows of flow guide block groups respectively correspond to the folding edge A and the folding edge B; each row of flow guide block group comprises more than two flow guide blocks with the same interval, and the upper surfaces of the flow guide blocks are flush with the top edge of the folded edge;
referring to fig. 8, the cover plate 4 is a flat plate with the same size as the rectangular flat plate of the adjusting plate 3, the cover plate 4 covers the top of the plane where the flow guide block group of the adjusting plate 3 is located, so that an air flow channel is formed in the adjusting plate 3, an air inlet of the air flow channel is a gap of the adjusting plate 3, an air outlet is two opposite sides of the adjusting plate 3 without a folded edge, and air flow enters the air flow channel from the air inlet, passes through a channel formed between any two adjacent flow guide blocks, and is discharged from the air outlet;
referring to fig. 9, the sealing strip 5 is a hollow cuboid, and one side surface along the length direction of the sealing strip is an opening; referring to fig. 4, two sealing strips 5 are respectively installed at two air outlets of the air flow channel of the adjusting plate 3 and respectively seal the air outlets of the air flow channel, so that the adjusting plate 3, the cover plate 4 and the two sealing strips 5 form a hollow cube; wherein the open ends of the two sealing strips 5 are oppositely arranged;
the mounting lug of the adjusting plate 3 is connected with the connecting lug of the fixed section 1 through a pin shaft, namely, the cube is movably connected to the fixed section 1 and can rotate around the pin shaft; meanwhile, the opposite side surfaces of the openings of the two sealing strips 5 are respectively contacted with the two side walls 2; the cube is the top surface of the binary adjustable nozzle; namely, the cube, the two side walls 2 and the supporting surface form a binary adjustable nozzle, when the cube can rotate around the pin shaft, the throat (or outlet) area of the binary adjustable nozzle can be adjusted, and further the flow of the sprayed gas can be adjusted; the rectangular flat plate of the adjusting plate 3 is positioned on one side which is directly contacted with the gas in the binary adjustable nozzle, namely the rectangular flat plate of the adjusting plate 3 is the inner surface of the binary adjustable nozzle (namely, the gas holes are positioned on the inner surface of the binary adjustable nozzle);
the working principle is as follows: according to the flow of the gas to be sprayed, the adjusting cube rotates around the pin shaft, and then the throat (or outlet) area of the binary adjustable spray pipe is adjusted to a set value; in the process, the air flow channel in the cube is not filled with air, and the sealing strip 5 is not pressed on the side wall 2, so that the friction force for rotating the cube is small.
When high-temperature fuel gas or cold gas or the mixture of the high-temperature fuel gas and the cold gas enters the binary adjustable spray pipe from the rectangular hollow part of the fixed section 1; meanwhile, the high-temperature gas or the cold gas or the mixed gas of the high-temperature gas and the cold gas enters the airflow channel from the gap and the air hole of the adjusting plate 3 (wherein the gap is in a main air inlet mode, the inner diameter of the air hole is smaller, and the air hole is in an auxiliary air inlet mode), and the air outlet of the airflow channel is blocked by the sealing strips 5, so that the air pressure in the airflow channel is increased to form high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air pushes the two sealing strips 5 to respectively move towards the corresponding side walls 2 until the two sealing strips are tightly contacted; therefore, in the moving process and the static process of the adjusting plate 3, the sealing strip 5 is always kept in contact with the side wall 2 by air pressure, so that high-temperature gas or cold gas or mixed gas of the high-temperature gas and the cold gas cannot leak from a gap between the adjusting plate 3 and the side wall 2, the self-adaptive sealing of the binary adjustable nozzle is realized, and the same interval of the flow guide blocks in each row can ensure that the pressure for pushing the sealing strip 5 is the same.
After high-temperature gas or cold air or the mixture of the high-temperature gas and the cold air is not sprayed into the binary adjustable spray pipe, high-pressure gas in the airflow channel in the hexahedron is discharged through the air holes and the gaps on the adjusting plate 3, and the sealing strip 5 is in contact with the side wall 2 but is not pressed tightly, so that the cube can be continuously rotated next time.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An adaptive aerodynamically sealed binary variable nozzle, comprising: a fixed section (1), a side wall (2) and an adjusting plate (3);
the fixed section (1) is a rectangular frame, the bottom edge of the fixed section is fixed on the supporting surface, and the rectangular hollow part of the fixed section (1) is the air inlet of the binary adjustable spray pipe;
the side surfaces of the two side walls (2) are respectively fixedly connected with two opposite side edges of the fixed section (1);
the adjusting plate (3) is in pin joint with the top edge of the fixing section (1) and is positioned between the two side walls (2), and the adjusting plate (3) can rotate around a pin shaft at the pin joint;
it is characterized by also comprising: a sealing strip (5);
an airflow channel is arranged in the adjusting plate (3), and a notch communicated with the airflow channel is arranged on one side of the adjusting plate (3) corresponding to the fixing section (1) and is used as an air inlet of the airflow channel; openings communicated with the airflow channel are respectively arranged on two sides of the adjusting plate (3) corresponding to the two side walls (2) and are used as air outlets of the airflow channel; the length of the air outlet is consistent with the length of the side edge of the corresponding side of the adjusting plate (3);
each opening of the adjusting plate (3) is butted with the side wall (2) of the corresponding side of the opening through a sealing strip (5), the opening of the adjusting plate (3) is sealed, and the part, located in the opening of the adjusting plate (3), of the sealing strip (5) is in sliding fit with the inner surface of the adjusting plate (3);
the binary variable nozzle further comprises: a cover plate (4);
the main body of the adjusting plate (3) is a rectangular flat plate, two opposite sides of the rectangular flat plate are respectively provided with a folding edge which is vertical to the rectangular flat plate, namely a folding edge I and a folding edge II, and the folding directions and the heights of the folding edges I and the folding edges II are the same; the middle part of the folding edge I is provided with a notch which divides the folding edge I into a folding edge A and a folding edge B, two rows of flow guide block groups are arranged on the surface of the folding edge of the rectangular flat plate, and the two rows of flow guide block groups respectively correspond to the folding edge A and the folding edge B; the upper surface of the flow guide block is flush with the top edge of the folded edge;
apron (4) are the same flat board with the flat board size of rectangle of regulating plate, and apron (4) lid dress is at the plane top at the water conservancy diversion block group place of regulating plate (3) for form airflow channel in regulating plate (3), airflow channel's air inlet is the breach of regulating plate (3), and the gas outlet is the double-phase offside that is not equipped with the book edge of regulating plate (3), and the air current is discharged by the gas outlet after entering airflow channel by its air inlet, through the passageway that forms between arbitrary two adjacent water conservancy diversion pieces.
2. The binary variable nozzle of claim 1, wherein the rectangular plate of the adjusting plate (3) is provided with more than two air holes.
3. The binary variable nozzle of an adaptive aerodynamic seal according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectangular flat plate of the adjusting plate (3) is located on the inner surface of the binary variable nozzle.
4. The binary variable nozzle of claim 1 wherein each row of deflector blocks comprises more than two deflector blocks spaced at equal intervals.
5. The binary variable nozzle of claim 1, wherein the sealing strip (5) is a hollow cuboid.
6. The binary variable nozzle for adaptive aerodynamic sealing according to claim 5, wherein one side of the sealing strip (5) along its length direction is an opening, and the opening of the sealing strip (5) is located in the side opening of the adjusting plate (3) corresponding to the opening.
7. The binary variable nozzle for adaptive aerodynamic sealing according to claim 1, characterized in that the top edge of the fixed segment (1) is provided with a connecting lug connected with the adjusting plate (3);
the outer sides of the folding edge A and the folding edge B of the adjusting plate (3) are respectively provided with a mounting ear which is matched with the connecting ear of the fixing section (1);
the mounting lug of the adjusting plate (3) is connected with the connecting lug of the fixed section (1) through a pin shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911088159.2A CN110886666B (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Binary adjustable spray pipe with self-adaptive aerodynamic sealing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911088159.2A CN110886666B (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Binary adjustable spray pipe with self-adaptive aerodynamic sealing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110886666A CN110886666A (en) | 2020-03-17 |
| CN110886666B true CN110886666B (en) | 2021-01-08 |
Family
ID=69747143
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911088159.2A Active CN110886666B (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Binary adjustable spray pipe with self-adaptive aerodynamic sealing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110886666B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113700572B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Lateral combined movement sealing structure for convergence section of binary vector nozzle |
| CN114278458B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-05-05 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Convergence section adjusting mechanism of two-dimensional spray pipe |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4575006A (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1986-03-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Nozzle flap edge seal |
| US5115979A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-05-26 | General Electric Company | Conforming plunger seal assembly |
| CN205135837U (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-04-06 | 兰州交通大学 | Axial symmetry thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment sheet gasket coupling mechanism |
| CN108252821B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-04-07 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Combined metal elastic sealing structure for spray pipe adjusting plate and casing |
| CN209458041U (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-10-01 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Connection structure and tail spray component |
-
2019
- 2019-11-08 CN CN201911088159.2A patent/CN110886666B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110886666A (en) | 2020-03-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110886666B (en) | Binary adjustable spray pipe with self-adaptive aerodynamic sealing | |
| US6163959A (en) | Method of reducing the gap between a liner and a turbine distributor of a turbojet engine | |
| US2651172A (en) | Cooling means for variable area nozzles | |
| JP3260437B2 (en) | Gas turbine and stage device of gas turbine | |
| US4161318A (en) | Sealing system for rotors | |
| CN102498266B (en) | Device for supporting a turbine ring, turbine having such a device, and turbine engine having such a turbine | |
| JPH0122459B2 (en) | ||
| CA2117240A1 (en) | Sealing structures for gas turbine engines | |
| CN204691935U (en) | A kind of gaseous film control structure of rocket tube | |
| CN109781422B (en) | Wide-range simulated incoming flow heating device | |
| US9121465B2 (en) | Bleed outlet structure for a bleed valve | |
| CN109595096B (en) | Injector acoustic cavity thermal protection device | |
| US5141154A (en) | Variable throat convergent/divergent nozzle | |
| US7137241B2 (en) | Transition duct apparatus having reduced pressure loss | |
| CN105181317A (en) | Rudderpost heat sealing test device | |
| US20140003918A1 (en) | Static Seal for Turbine Engine | |
| US9885245B2 (en) | Turbine nozzles and cooling systems for cooling slip joints therein | |
| GB1362812A (en) | Control system for injecting cooling towers | |
| US6079944A (en) | Gas turbine stationary blade double cross type seal device | |
| CN106124217B (en) | A kind of single channel internal combustion wave rotor experimental provision | |
| US5111992A (en) | Variable throat convergent/divergent nozzle | |
| KR20190027596A (en) | Exhaust gas recirculation device | |
| US4093157A (en) | Seal for variable plug two dimensional nozzle | |
| US9988932B2 (en) | Bi-cast turbine nozzles and methods for cooling slip joints therein | |
| US7025562B2 (en) | Device for cooling turbine disks |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |