CN110885475A - Preparation method of easily-degradable disposable tableware material - Google Patents
Preparation method of easily-degradable disposable tableware material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110885475A CN110885475A CN201911323276.2A CN201911323276A CN110885475A CN 110885475 A CN110885475 A CN 110885475A CN 201911323276 A CN201911323276 A CN 201911323276A CN 110885475 A CN110885475 A CN 110885475A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/04—Starch derivatives, e.g. crosslinked derivatives
- C08L3/06—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an easily degradable disposable tableware material, which relates to the field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and is obtained by reacting starch with organic acid to obtain modified starch, mixing the modified starch with lipid compounds under the condition of high-speed stirring, and then extruding and granulating through an extruder; the preparation method of the easily degradable disposable tableware material provided by the invention has the advantages that the prepared disposable tableware material has excellent mechanical property and biodegradability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an easily degradable disposable tableware material.
Background
Disposable foamed plastic tableware is widely used in various countries in the world due to the advantages of sanitation, heat preservation, low price and the like, especially in the catering industry, but is also limited by more and more countries due to the defects of difficult recycling and treatment, difficult degradation in natural environment, easy environmental pollution and the like.
Starch is used as a natural polymer, has low cost, wide sources and good thermoplasticity, does not cause any pollution to the environment, and therefore, starch-based degradable plastics become the most promising class of degradable plastics.
The existing prepared all-starch plastic has certain defects in performance, and the prepared all-starch plastic has poor starch processing performance, so that the mechanical strength of the prepared all-starch plastic is weak, the water absorption is high, and the application of the prepared all-starch plastic is limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for preparing degradable disposable tableware material, is got by modified starch that gets after starch reacts with organic acid and then mix with lipid compound under the condition of high-speed stirring, extrude and granulate through the extruder again;
the weight ratio of the modified starch to the lipid compound is 50: 3-5;
the organic acid is organic carboxylic acid;
the lipid compound is obtained by acetylating a reaction product obtained by esterifying malic acid and organic alcohol.
The starch is obtained by mixing corn starch and chestnut starch according to a weight ratio of 5: 1-1.5.
The granularity of the corn starch is 600 meshes, and the granularity of the chestnut starch is 800 meshes.
The preparation method of the modified starch comprises the following steps: dissolving organic carboxylic acid in distilled water to prepare an organic carboxylic acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10%, adding starch into the organic carboxylic acid solution, heating to 80-90 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 15min, then adding tetraethoxysilane with the mass of 0.2% of the starch, continuing stirring for reaction for 2 hours, then filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to constant weight to obtain the starch.
The organic carboxylic acid is succinic acid.
The mixing ratio of the starch to the organic carboxylic acid solution is 120 g: 300-350 mL.
The preparation method of the lipid compound comprises the following steps:
adding malic acid and 2-dimethyl propanol into a reaction kettle according to a molar ratio of 1:1, then adding toluenesulfonic acid accounting for 10% of the mass of malic acid and cyclohexane accounting for 15% of the mass of malic acid, sealing, heating to 135 ℃ for 132 ℃, refluxing and water separating to ensure that the acid value in the raw materials is not reduced any more, then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove cyclohexane and impurities to obtain a primary reaction product, mixing the primary reaction product with acetic anhydride according to the molar ratio of 1:1, stirring and reacting for 3-4 hours at 90 ℃, and then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove acetic acid to obtain the finished product.
The stirring speed of the high-speed stirring is 3000-3500r/min, and the stirring time is 30 min.
According to the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of easily degradable disposable tableware material, the prepared disposable tableware material has excellent mechanical property and biodegradability, the lipid compound prepared by the invention can weaken the secondary valence bond between starch molecules and promote the hydrogen bond rupture in the starch molecules and the inner crystal region of the starch to be destroyed when the starch and the lipid compound are mixed and then processed in an extruder by adding the lipid compound, thereby greatly reducing the melting temperature and the glass transition temperature of the starch, further improving the thermoplasticity of the starch and obviously improving the processing property of the starch, the common untreated starch has a large amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface and has stronger hydrophilicity, so that the water resistance of the prepared tableware is poorer, and the tableware inevitably needs to be contacted with water due to the use, therefore, the invention reacts with organic carboxylic acid under certain conditions, and the hydrophilic property of the starch is greatly reduced by consuming a large amount of hydroxyl on the surface of the starch, so that the water resistance of the prepared tableware is greatly improved, and the plasticity of the modified starch is enhanced to a certain degree, so that the processing property of the modified starch is greatly improved, and the mechanical strength of the prepared tableware is obviously guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a degradable disposable tableware material, and the preparation method can be realized by appropriately improving process parameters by taking the contents of the material as reference by a person skilled in the art. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A method for preparing degradable disposable tableware material, get modified starch after reacting starch with organic acid and then mix with lipid compound under the condition of high-speed stirring, extrude and granulate through the extruder, through adding the lipid compound prepared in this invention, can be after starch and lipid compound are mixed, while processing in the extruder again, lipid compound can weaken intermolecular secondary valence bond of starch, impel the intramolecular hydrogen bond of starch to break, the inner crystalline region of starch is destroyed, thus can reduce melting temperature and vitrification temperature of starch by a wide margin, further improve the thermoplasticity of starch, make the processability of starch get the obvious improvement;
the weight ratio of the modified starch to the lipid compound is 50: 3-5;
the organic acid is organic carboxylic acid;
the lipid compound is obtained by acetylating a reaction product obtained by esterifying malic acid and organic alcohol.
The starch is obtained by mixing corn starch and chestnut starch according to a weight ratio of 5: 1-1.5.
The granularity of the corn starch is 600 meshes, and the granularity of the chestnut starch is 800 meshes.
The preparation method of the modified starch comprises the following steps: dissolving organic carboxylic acid in distilled water to prepare an organic carboxylic acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10%, adding starch into the organic carboxylic acid solution, heating to 80-90 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 15min, then adding tetraethoxytitanate with the mass of 0.2% of the starch, continuing stirring for reaction for 2 hours, then filtering, washing by using deionized water to be neutral, and drying to constant weight to obtain the tableware, wherein the water resistance of the prepared tableware is poor due to the fact that a large amount of hydroxyl groups are arranged on the surface of common untreated starch and the common untreated starch has strong hydrophilicity, and the tableware inevitably needs to be contacted with water due to the use of the tableware, so that the invention greatly reduces the hydrophilicity of the starch by reacting with the organic carboxylic acid under certain conditions, consumes a large amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the starch, and can greatly improve the water resistance of the prepared tableware, in addition, the plasticity of the prepared modified starch is enhanced to a certain degree, so that the processing performance of the modified starch is greatly improved, and the mechanical strength of the prepared tableware is obviously guaranteed.
The organic carboxylic acid is succinic acid.
The mixing ratio of the starch to the organic carboxylic acid solution is 120 g: 300-350 mL.
The preparation method of the lipid compound comprises the following steps:
adding malic acid and 2-dimethyl propanol into a reaction kettle according to a molar ratio of 1:1, then adding toluenesulfonic acid accounting for 10% of the mass of malic acid and cyclohexane accounting for 15% of the mass of malic acid, sealing, heating to 135 ℃ for 132 ℃, refluxing and water separating to ensure that the acid value in the raw materials is not reduced any more, then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove cyclohexane and impurities to obtain a primary reaction product, mixing the primary reaction product with acetic anhydride according to the molar ratio of 1:1, stirring and reacting for 3-4 hours at 90 ℃, and then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove acetic acid to obtain the finished product.
The stirring speed of the high-speed stirring is 3000-3500r/min, and the stirring time is 30 min.
For further understanding of the present application, the following examples are provided to specifically describe a method for preparing a degradable disposable tableware material as provided herein:
example 1
The preparation method of the easily degradable disposable tableware material comprises the steps of dissolving succinic acid in distilled water to prepare a succinic acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10%, adding starch into the succinic acid solution, wherein the mixing ratio of the starch to the succinic acid solution is 120 g: 300-350mL, wherein the starch is corn starch and chestnut starch which are mixed according to a weight ratio of 5:1-1.5 to obtain the corn starch with the granularity of 600 meshes, the chestnut starch is 800 meshes, the corn starch is heated to 80-90 ℃, the temperature is kept and the stirring is carried out for 15min, then tetraethoxysilane with the mass of 0.2 percent of the starch is added, the stirring reaction is continued for 2 hours, then the filtration is carried out, the deionized water is adopted for washing to be neutral, the drying is carried out to the constant weight to obtain modified starch, the modified starch and the lipid compound are stirred for 30min at the rotating speed of 3000-3500r/min, and then the extrusion granulation is carried out through an extruder to obtain the modified starch; the weight ratio of the modified starch to the lipid compound is 50: 3-5; the preparation method of the lipid compound comprises the following steps:
adding malic acid and 2-dimethyl propanol into a reaction kettle according to a molar ratio of 1:1, then adding toluenesulfonic acid accounting for 10% of the mass of malic acid and cyclohexane accounting for 15% of the mass of malic acid, sealing, heating to 135 ℃ for 132 ℃, refluxing and water dividing so that the acid value in the raw materials is not reduced any more, then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove cyclohexane and impurities to obtain a primary reaction product, mixing the primary reaction product and acetic anhydride according to the molar ratio of 1:1, stirring and reacting for 3-4 hours at 90 ℃, and then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove acetic acid, wherein the extruder is a double-screw extruder, the temperature of each zone is controlled at 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, the head temperature is 110 ℃, and the rotating speed is 200 r/min.
Example 2
The preparation method of the easily degradable disposable tableware material comprises the steps of dissolving succinic acid in distilled water to prepare a succinic acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10%, adding starch into the succinic acid solution, wherein the mixing ratio of the starch to the succinic acid solution is 120 g: 300-350mL, wherein the starch is corn starch and chestnut starch which are mixed according to a weight ratio of 5:1-1.5 to obtain the corn starch with the granularity of 600 meshes, the chestnut starch is 800 meshes, the corn starch is heated to 80-90 ℃, the temperature is kept and the stirring is carried out for 15min, then tetraethoxysilane with the mass of 0.2 percent of the starch is added, the stirring reaction is continued for 2 hours, then the filtration is carried out, the deionized water is adopted for washing to be neutral, the drying is carried out to the constant weight to obtain modified starch, the modified starch and the lipid compound are stirred for 30min at the rotating speed of 3000-3500r/min, and then the extrusion granulation is carried out through an extruder to obtain the modified starch; the weight ratio of the modified starch to the lipid compound is 50: 3-5; the preparation method of the lipid compound comprises the following steps:
adding malic acid and 2-dimethyl propanol into a reaction kettle according to a molar ratio of 1:1, then adding toluenesulfonic acid accounting for 10% of the mass of malic acid and cyclohexane accounting for 15% of the mass of malic acid, sealing, heating to 135 ℃ for 132 ℃, refluxing and water dividing so that the acid value in the raw materials is not reduced any more, then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove cyclohexane and impurities to obtain a primary reaction product, mixing the primary reaction product and acetic anhydride according to the molar ratio of 1:1, stirring and reacting for 3-4 hours at 90 ℃, and then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove acetic acid, wherein the extruder is a double-screw extruder, the temperature of each zone is controlled at 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, the head temperature is 110 ℃, and the rotating speed is 200 r/min.
Example 3
The preparation method of the easily degradable disposable tableware material comprises the steps of dissolving succinic acid in distilled water to prepare a succinic acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10%, adding starch into the succinic acid solution, wherein the mixing ratio of the starch to the succinic acid solution is 120 g: 300-350mL, wherein the starch is corn starch and chestnut starch which are mixed according to a weight ratio of 5:1-1.5 to obtain the corn starch with the granularity of 600 meshes, the chestnut starch is 800 meshes, the corn starch is heated to 80-90 ℃, the temperature is kept and the stirring is carried out for 15min, then tetraethoxysilane with the mass of 0.2 percent of the starch is added, the stirring reaction is continued for 2 hours, then the filtration is carried out, the deionized water is adopted for washing to be neutral, the drying is carried out to the constant weight to obtain modified starch, the modified starch and the lipid compound are stirred for 30min at the rotating speed of 3000-3500r/min, and then the extrusion granulation is carried out through an extruder to obtain the modified starch; the weight ratio of the modified starch to the lipid compound is 50: 3-5; the preparation method of the lipid compound comprises the following steps:
adding malic acid and 2-dimethyl propanol into a reaction kettle according to a molar ratio of 1:1, then adding toluenesulfonic acid accounting for 10% of the mass of malic acid and cyclohexane accounting for 15% of the mass of malic acid, sealing, heating to 135 ℃ for 132 ℃, refluxing and water dividing so that the acid value in the raw materials is not reduced any more, then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove cyclohexane and impurities to obtain a primary reaction product, mixing the primary reaction product and acetic anhydride according to the molar ratio of 1:1, stirring and reacting for 3-4 hours at 90 ℃, and then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove acetic acid, wherein the extruder is a double-screw extruder, the temperature of each zone is controlled at 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, the head temperature is 110 ℃, and the rotating speed is 200 r/min.
The materials of the embodiment are injected into plastic sample strips (10 cm multiplied by 1.5 mm) with the same specification by an injection molding machine (the same injection molding process) to be used as samples of the embodiment;
soil buried biodegradation experiment
Weighing an example sample dried to constant weight (W1), marking the sample to be buried 10cm below the ground surface, taking out after 30 days, drying and weighing after cleaning (W2), and calculating weight loss rate (%) = (W1-W2)/W1 × 100;
TABLE 1
| Percentage of weight loss by burying in soil% | |
| Example 1 | 85.97 |
| Example 2 | 86.73 |
| Example 3 | 88.26 |
As can be seen from Table 1, disposable tableware was prepared according to the present invention
Mechanical properties
Detecting the tensile strength of the sample by using a universal tester according to GB 1040-79, measuring each group of samples for 10 times, taking an average value, wherein the tensile rate is 20 mm/min:
TABLE 2
| Tensile strength MPa | |
| Example 1 | 1.71 |
| Example 2 | 1.75 |
| Examples3 | 1.83 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the process of the present invention can greatly improve the mechanical properties of the starch tableware material.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing degradable disposable tableware material, wherein get the denaturated starch after reacting starch with organic acid and then mix with lipid compound under the condition of high-speed stirring, carry on the extrusion granulation through the extruder to get final product;
the weight ratio of the modified starch to the lipid compound is 50: 3-5;
the organic acid is organic carboxylic acid;
the lipid compound is obtained by acetylating a reaction product obtained by esterifying malic acid and organic alcohol.
2. The method for preparing a degradable disposable tableware material according to claim 1, wherein said starch is obtained by mixing corn starch and chestnut starch at a ratio of 5:1-1.5 parts by weight.
3. The method for preparing a degradable disposable tableware material according to claim 2, wherein said corn starch has a particle size of 600 mesh and said chestnut starch has a particle size of 800 mesh.
4. The method for preparing a degradable disposable tableware material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said modified starch is prepared by: dissolving organic carboxylic acid in distilled water to prepare an organic carboxylic acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10%, adding starch into the organic carboxylic acid solution, heating to 80-90 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for 15min, then adding tetraethoxysilane with the mass of 0.2% of the starch, continuing stirring for reaction for 2 hours, then filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to constant weight to obtain the starch.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the organic carboxylic acid is succinic acid.
6. The method for preparing a degradable disposable tableware material according to claim 4, wherein said starch and said organic carboxylic acid solution are mixed in a ratio of 120 g: 300-350 mL.
7. The method for preparing a degradable disposable tableware material according to claim 1, wherein said lipid compound is prepared by:
adding malic acid and 2-dimethyl propanol into a reaction kettle according to a molar ratio of 1:1, then adding toluenesulfonic acid accounting for 10% of the mass of malic acid and cyclohexane accounting for 15% of the mass of malic acid, sealing, heating to 135 ℃ for 132 ℃, refluxing and water separating to ensure that the acid value in the raw materials is not reduced any more, then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove cyclohexane and impurities to obtain a primary reaction product, mixing the primary reaction product with acetic anhydride according to the molar ratio of 1:1, stirring and reacting for 3-4 hours at 90 ℃, and then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove acetic acid to obtain the finished product.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirring speed of the high speed stirring is 3000-3500r/min, and the stirring time is 30 min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911323276.2A CN110885475A (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Preparation method of easily-degradable disposable tableware material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911323276.2A CN110885475A (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Preparation method of easily-degradable disposable tableware material |
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| CN110885475A true CN110885475A (en) | 2020-03-17 |
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| CN201911323276.2A Withdrawn CN110885475A (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Preparation method of easily-degradable disposable tableware material |
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| CN (1) | CN110885475A (en) |
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