CN110885250A - Low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material - Google Patents

Low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material Download PDF

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CN110885250A
CN110885250A CN201911144764.7A CN201911144764A CN110885250A CN 110885250 A CN110885250 A CN 110885250A CN 201911144764 A CN201911144764 A CN 201911144764A CN 110885250 A CN110885250 A CN 110885250A
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boron nitride
powder
cubic boron
raw materials
additive
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朱玉梅
李志宏
纪焕丽
孙坤
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material which comprises, by mass, 70-90% of cubic boron nitride powder, 2-10% of hexagonal boron nitride powder and 8-28% of additive powder, wherein cubic boron nitride is composed of at least 2-3 different particle size gradations in 0.1-20 micrometers, the particle size of hexagonal boron nitride is smaller than 1 micrometer, the particle size of additive is smaller than 0.5 micrometer, the raw material composition of additive is at least two of ① Al, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ni and Si metal simple substances, at least two of boride, nitride or carbide powder of ② Al, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ni and Si metal simple substances, at least two of ③ lithium oxide, lithium nitride, magnesium oxide and boron oxide powder, the raw materials are mixed according to any proportion, and ①, ② and ③ raw materials are compounded according to the mass ratio of 2-10: 2-8: 4-10The bending strength is 750-900 MPa, the hardness is 42-70 GPa, and the fracture toughness is 7-10 MPam1/2And cutting can be carried out at a cutting speed of 150m/min for 1250-3000 m.

Description

Low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a ceramic composition characterized by components, and particularly relates to a low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of CNC (computer numerical control) processing technology, new materials and difficult-to-process materials are emerging and are accompanied by strong market competition, so that the requirements on processing efficiency and processing precision are higher and higher, even in a cutting and belt grinding manner. Therefore, the requirements for the machining capability, machining efficiency, machining precision and service life of the tool material are higher and higher, so that the traditional metal or alloy tool is difficult to meet the requirements of the market at present. The superhard material, especially the cubic boron nitride (PcBN) material, has the characteristics of high hardness, high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, good thermal stability, no reaction with metal at high temperature and the like, so that the high-speed and high-efficiency cutting, even dry cutting, turning instead of grinding and other processing of various soft and hard metals can be realized, and the method is an important development direction of future cutters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to meet the development requirement of CNC (computerized numerical control) processing technology and provide a low-cost polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-90 wt% of cubic boron nitride powder, 2-10 wt% of hexagonal boron nitride powder and 8-28 wt% of additive powder;
the cubic boron nitride powder is composed of at least 2-3 different particle size compositions in 0.1-20 μm;
the particle size of the hexagonal boron nitride is less than 1 μm;
the particle size of the additive powder is less than 0.5 mu m;
the additive powder comprises the following raw materials:
① mixing at least two of Al, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ni and Si simple substances according to any proportion;
② mixing at least two of boride, nitride or carbide powder of Al, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ni and Si metal simple substance according to any proportion;
③ mixing at least two of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, magnesium oxide and boron oxide powder at any ratio;
the ①, ② and ③ raw materials are compounded according to the mass ratio of 2-10: 2-8: 4-10;
the preparation method of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the requirement that the particle size of the additive powder is less than 0.5 mu m and is the composition of at least two of Al, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ni and Si metal simple substances and at least two of boride, nitride or carbide powder thereof as well as at least two of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, magnesium oxide and boron oxide powder, firstly preparing the additive powder, placing the additive powder into a ball milling tank, adding zirconia balls, and fully and uniformly mixing;
(2) mixing the dry-mixed and uniform additive powder in the step (1) according to the raw material composition and the mass percentage content of 70-90 wt% of cubic boron nitride powder, 2-10 wt% of hexagonal boron nitride powder and 8-28 wt% of additive powder, placing the mixture into a ball milling tank, adding zirconium balls and ethanol, and wet-mixing uniformly;
(3) putting the wet-mixed uniformly-mixed raw materials obtained in the step (2) into a low-temperature drying box, and drying at 60-80 ℃;
(4) putting the dried raw materials in the step (3) into a vacuum furnace, carrying out vacuum drying treatment for 8-14 hours at the temperature of 300-400 ℃,
vacuum degree of 10-2～10-4MPa；
(5) Treating the mixed raw material subjected to vacuum drying treatment in the step (4) in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace at 1000-1200 ℃ for 2-5 hours;
(6) putting the raw materials treated in the step (5) into a graphite die, coating pyrophyllite outside the graphite die, and performing compression molding and sintering at high temperature and high pressure by using a cubic press to prepare the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material;
the pressure of the cubic press is 4-10 GPa, and the sintering temperature is 1400-1700 ℃.
The ball milling in the step (1) is carried out on a power ball mill by adopting a nylon ball milling tank, and the revolution of the ball mill is 350-450 r/min.
The mass ratio of the zirconia balls in the step (1) to the raw materials is 2.5: 1.
the sintering temperature of the step (6) is 1550 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention not only reduces the cost of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material, but also realizes the high performance of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material. The price per gram of cubic boron nitride powder is not less than one RMB, and the price per kilogram of cubic boron nitride powder is at least 5000 RMB. The price of the hexagonal boron nitride is not higher than 200 RMB per kilogram, so the price of the hexagonal boron nitride is at most 4% of that of the cubic boron nitride, and the raw material cost of the hexagonal boron nitride is saved by at least 96% for every 1% of the cubic boron nitride. According to the invention, the hexagonal boron nitride is used for partially replacing the cubic boron nitride, and the conversion from the hexagonal boron nitride to the cubic boron nitride in the preparation process is realized through proper additives and proportions, and meanwhile, the high performance of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material is realized. The bending strength of the material is 750-900 MPa, the hardness is 42-70 GPa, and the fracture toughness is 7-10 MPam1/2And cutting can be carried out at a cutting speed of 150m/min for 1250-3000 m.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of the additive
Mixing Al powder: weighing 5 g of Nb powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and mixing AlN powder: SiC powder is prepared by the following steps of 1: weighing 8 g of lithium oxide: boron oxide is prepared by the following steps of 1: weighing 7 g in a mass ratio of 1, putting the weighed material into a nylon tank, putting zirconia balls into the nylon tank according to the amount of 2.5 times of the raw material, and carrying out dry mixing in a power ball mill for 5 hours;
(2) adding 20 g (the particle size is 0.2-0.5 mu m) of the fully mixed additive in the step (1) into 75 g of weighed cubic boron nitride (the cubic boron nitride gradation: the particle size ratio is 0.5 mu m:2 mu m:10 mu m ═ 20:30:50) and 5 g of hexagonal boron nitride (the average particle size is 0.8 mu m), and adding zirconia balls and ethanol on a power ball mill for wet mixing for 6 hours.
(3) Putting the uniformly wet mixed raw materials in the step (2) into a low-temperature drying box, and drying at 60 ℃;
(4) will step withThe raw material dried in the step (3) is placed in a vacuum furnace at 300 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 10-2Vacuum drying under MPa for 14 hours;
(5) treating the mixed raw material subjected to vacuum drying treatment in the step (4) in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace at 1000 ℃ for 5 hours;
(6) and (3) putting the raw materials treated in the step (5) into a graphite mould, sleeving pyrophyllite on the graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a cubic press, and performing high-temperature and high-pressure compression molding under the pressure of 4GPa and the temperature of 1500 ℃ to realize the conversion from hexagonal boron nitride to cubic boron nitride and realize the sintering of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride of the composite material. Pressing polycrystalline cubic boron nitride every 20 g for 5 times;
(7) analyzing the product obtained in the step (6) by X-ray diffraction, wherein the hexagonal boron nitride is completely converted into cubic boron nitride; the bending strength of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material is as follows: 800 MPa; hardness: 50 GPa; fracture toughness: 10MPam1/2(ii) a The nickel alloy can be cut at a cutting speed of 150m/min of 1250 meters.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of the additive
Weighing 5 g of Ti powder and Ni powder according to a mass ratio of 1:2, weighing 3g of titanium boride powder and niobium oxide powder according to a mass ratio of 2:1, and mixing the following components in parts by weight: boron oxide is prepared by the following steps of 1: weighing 8 g in a mass ratio of 1, putting the weighed material into a nylon tank, putting zirconia balls into the nylon tank according to the amount of 2.5 times of the material, and carrying out dry mixing in a power ball mill for 5 hours;
(2) 16 g of the additive (with the particle size of 0.2-0.5 μm) fully mixed in the step (1) is added into 74 g of weighed cubic boron nitride (cubic boron nitride gradation: particle size ratio 0.1 μm:0.5 μm:8 μm-40: 30:30) and 10g of hexagonal boron nitride (average particle size of 0.8 μm), and zirconia balls and ethanol are added into a power ball mill for wet mixing for 6 hours.
(3) Putting the uniformly wet mixed raw materials in the step (2) into a low-temperature drying box, and drying at 60 ℃;
(4) putting the dried raw material in the step (3) into a vacuum furnace at 400 ℃ and a vacuum degree of 10-3Vacuum drying under MPa for 10 hours;
(5) treating the mixed raw material subjected to vacuum drying treatment in the step (4) in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace at 1200 ℃ for 2 hours;
(6) and (3) putting the raw materials treated in the step (5) into a graphite mould, coating pyrophyllite on the graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a cubic press, and performing compression molding at 10GPa pressure and 1700 ℃ and high temperature and high pressure to realize the conversion from hexagonal boron nitride to cubic boron nitride and realize the sintering of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride of the composite material. Pressing polycrystalline cubic boron nitride every 20 g for 5 times;
(7) analyzing the product obtained in the step (6) by X-ray diffraction, wherein the hexagonal boron nitride is completely converted into cubic boron nitride; the bending strength of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material is as follows: 800 MPa; hardness: 53 GPa; fracture toughness: 7.8MPam1/2(ii) a The 45# steel can be cut at a cutting speed of 150m/min for 1300 m.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of the additive
Mixing Si powder: 2g of Nb powder is weighed according to the mass ratio of 1:3, 2g of TiC powder and silicon oxide powder is weighed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the weight ratio of magnesium oxide: boron oxide is prepared by the following steps of 2: weighing 4g in a mass ratio of 1, putting into a nylon tank, putting zirconia balls according to the amount of 2.5 times of the materials, and dry-mixing for 5 hours in a power ball mill;
(2) adding 8 g (the particle size is 0.2-0.5 mu m) of the additive fully mixed in the step (1) into 90 g of weighed cubic boron nitride (the cubic boron nitride gradation: the particle size ratio is 0.1 mu m:5 mu m: 25:75) and 2g of hexagonal boron nitride (the average particle size is 0.8 mu m), and adding zirconia balls and ethanol on a power ball mill for wet mixing for 8 hours.
(3) Putting the uniformly wet mixed raw materials in the step (2) into a low-temperature drying box, and drying at 60 ℃;
(4) putting the dried raw material in the step (3) into a vacuum furnace at 400 ℃ and a vacuum degree of 10-4Vacuum drying under MPa for 8 hours;
(5) treating the mixed raw material subjected to vacuum drying treatment in the step (4) in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace at 1100 ℃ for 3 hours;
(6) and (3) putting the raw materials treated in the step (5) into a graphite mould, sleeving pyrophyllite on the graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a cubic press, and performing high-temperature and high-pressure compression molding under the pressure of 6GPa and the temperature of 1650 ℃ to realize the conversion from hexagonal boron nitride to cubic boron nitride and realize the sintering of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride of the composite material. Pressing polycrystalline cubic boron nitride every 20 g for 5 times;
(7) analyzing the product obtained in the step (6) by X-ray diffraction, wherein the hexagonal boron nitride is completely converted into cubic boron nitride; the bending strength of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material is as follows: 900 MPa; hardness: 70 GPa; fracture toughness: 7.5MPam1/2(ii) a 3000 meters of cast iron can be cut at a cutting speed of 150 m/min.
Example 4
(1) Preparation of the additive
Weighing 10g of Zr powder and Ni powder according to a mass ratio of 1:2, and weighing 2: weighing 8 g of lithium nitride in a mass ratio of 1: magnesium oxide is prepared by the following steps of 1: weighing 10g in a mass ratio of 2, putting into a nylon tank, putting zirconia balls according to the amount of 2.5 times of the materials, and dry-mixing for 5 hours in a power ball mill;
(2) 28 g of the additive (with the particle size of 0.2-0.5 μm) fully mixed in the step (1) is added into 70g of weighed cubic boron nitride (cubic boron nitride gradation: particle size ratio of 0.5 μm:8 μm:10 μm ═ 20:40:40) and 2g of hexagonal boron nitride (average particle size of 0.8 μm), and zirconia balls and ethanol are added into a power ball mill for wet mixing for 6 hours.
(3) Putting the uniformly wet mixed raw materials in the step (2) into a low-temperature drying box, and drying at 80 ℃;
(4) putting the dried raw material in the step (3) into a vacuum furnace at 350 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 10-3Vacuum drying under MPa for 12 hours;
(5) treating the mixed raw material subjected to vacuum drying treatment in the step (4) in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace at 1100 ℃ for 3 hours;
(6) and (4) putting the raw materials treated in the step (5) into a graphite mould, sleeving pyrophyllite on the graphite mould, then putting the graphite mould into a cubic press, and performing high-temperature and high-pressure compression molding under the pressure of 4GPa and the temperature of 1550 ℃ to realize the conversion from hexagonal boron nitride to cubic boron nitride and realize the sintering of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride composite material. Pressing polycrystalline cubic boron nitride every 20 g for 5 times;
(7) analyzing the product obtained in the step (6) by X-ray diffraction, wherein the hexagonal boron nitride is completely converted into cubic boron nitride; the bending strength of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material is as follows: 750 MPa;hardness: 42 GPa; fracture toughness: 9.2MPam1/2(ii) a At a cutting speed of 150 m/min.

Claims (4)

1. A low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-90 wt% of cubic boron nitride powder, 2-10 wt% of hexagonal boron nitride powder and 8-28 wt% of additive powder;
the cubic boron nitride powder is composed of at least 2-3 different particle size compositions in 0.1-20 μm;
the particle size of the hexagonal boron nitride is less than 1 μm;
the particle size of the additive powder is less than 0.5 mu m;
the additive powder comprises the following raw materials:
① mixing at least two of Al, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ni and Si simple substances according to any proportion;
② mixing at least two of boride, nitride or carbide powder of Al, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ni and Si metal simple substance according to any proportion;
③ mixing at least two of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, magnesium oxide and boron oxide powder at any ratio;
the ①, ② and ③ raw materials are compounded according to the mass ratio of 2-10: 2-8: 4-10.
The preparation method of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the requirement that the particle size of the additive powder is less than 0.5 mu m and is the composition of at least two of Al, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ni and Si metal simple substances and at least two of boride, nitride or carbide powder thereof as well as at least two of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, magnesium oxide and boron oxide powder, firstly preparing the additive powder, placing the additive powder into a ball milling tank, adding zirconia balls, and fully and uniformly mixing;
(2) mixing the dry-mixed and uniform additive powder in the step (1) according to the raw material composition and the mass percentage content of 70-90 wt% of cubic boron nitride powder, 2-10 wt% of hexagonal boron nitride powder and 8-28 wt% of additive powder, placing the mixture into a ball milling tank, adding zirconium balls and ethanol, and wet-mixing uniformly;
(3) putting the wet-mixed uniformly-mixed raw materials obtained in the step (2) into a low-temperature drying box, and drying at 60-80 ℃;
(4) putting the dried raw material in the step (3) into a vacuum furnace, and carrying out vacuum drying treatment for 8-14 hours at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ with the vacuum degree of 10-2～10-4MPa；
(5) Treating the mixed raw material subjected to vacuum drying treatment in the step (4) in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace at 1000-1200 ℃ for 2-5 hours;
(6) putting the raw materials treated in the step (5) into a graphite die, coating pyrophyllite outside the graphite die, and performing compression molding and sintering at high temperature and high pressure by using a cubic press to prepare the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material;
the pressure of the cubic press is 4-10 GPa, and the sintering temperature is 1400-1700 ℃.
2. The low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ball milling in step (1) is carried out on a power ball mill by using a nylon ball milling tank, and the rotation number of the ball mill is 350-450 rpm.
3. The low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the zirconia balls in the step (1) to the raw materials is 2.5: 1.
4. a low cost high performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature of step (6) is 1550 ℃.
CN201911144764.7A 2019-11-20 2019-11-20 Low-cost high-performance polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material Pending CN110885250A (en)

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CN1126712A (en) * 1994-08-29 1996-07-17 史密斯国际公司 Whisker or fiber reinforced polycrystalline cubic boron nitride and diamond
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CN111362703A (en) * 2020-03-30 2020-07-03 中原工学院 Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter sintered at low pressure and preparation method
CN111362703B (en) * 2020-03-30 2022-03-25 中原工学院 Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter sintered at low pressure and preparation method

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