CN110883506A - Ball socket forging forming process - Google Patents
Ball socket forging forming process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110883506A CN110883506A CN201911069289.1A CN201911069289A CN110883506A CN 110883506 A CN110883506 A CN 110883506A CN 201911069289 A CN201911069289 A CN 201911069289A CN 110883506 A CN110883506 A CN 110883506A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ball socket forging forming process, which comprises the following steps: selecting a blank according to the size of the ball socket; heating the blank by adopting an intermediate frequency furnace; placing the heated blank in a ball socket semi-finished product forging die, and pre-forging the blank into a ball socket semi-finished product with the shape of a finished product, wherein the ball socket semi-finished product is in a T shape, and one side of the ball socket semi-finished product is provided with a central hole; conveying the semi-finished ball socket product to a special metal processing production line to perform lathe pressing on an excircle; and (5) turning a plane and drilling the semi-finished ball socket by using a special metal processing production line. The invention has the advantages that: according to the production process, through the matching of the ball socket semi-finished product forging die and the special gold processing production line and the matching of the steps of forging, turning and pressing an excircle, turning a plane and drilling and the like, the ball socket gold processing is more convenient, and the compactness of a ball socket hardware at the forging position is high, so that the gold processing time is shortened, and the equipment utilization rate of the gold processing is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ball socket metal processing, in particular to a ball socket forging forming process.
Background
The composite insulator is a novel insulator composed of at least two kinds of insulating materials and metal accessories. The glass fiber reinforced resin drawing rod with extremely high tensile strength is used as an insulator core rod to bear mechanical load, and the load is transmitted to the core rod through the end hardware fitting. The outer part of the core rod is provided with a sheath and a shed (made of polymer materials with excellent aging resistance), so that the core rod is protected from the atmospheric corrosion, and the required creepage distance is provided. Because of the excellent performance of the glass fiber reinforced willow and umbrella skirt polymer material of the core rod. The composite insulator is superior to the traditional porcelain insulator in the aspects of mechanical strength, pollution flashover resistance and the like.
The structure and the type of the composite insulator are integrally seen, the composite insulator is composed of a core rod, a sheath (or no sheath), an umbrella skirt and end metal accessories, and the end metal accessories comprise ball sockets, ball heads and the like.
At present, ball sockets and ball heads in composite insulators are mostly cast, and the method has the following defects: the internal structure is loose, the defects of shrinkage cavity, cracks and the like exist, the quality cannot meet the requirement, the potential safety hazard is large, and the scrap rate is high. Therefore, in view of such a phenomenon, a concept of a socket forging process is proposed, for example, in patent CN102989968A, a composite insulator socket fitting forging forming die is proposed, which includes an upper die plate, a male die, a movable die holder, a fixed die holder, a lower die plate and a demoulding ejector rod, wherein the male die is mounted on the upper die plate; the left movable die holder and the right movable die holder are respectively provided with a left die core and a right die core, and the left die core and the right die core form a cavity for placing the ball socket hardware after being assembled; the fixed die holder is fixed on the lower die plate, an inner cavity is formed in the center of the fixed die holder, the left movable die holder and the right movable die holder are arranged in the inner cavity of the fixed die holder, and the left movable die holder and the right movable die holder are matched with the side wall of the inner cavity of the fixed die holder through a guide structure with the upper end inclined outwards. During pressing, the ball socket hardware fitting blank is pre-forged and trimmed and then placed in a die core, a male die descends, and a ball socket is pressed and formed in the die core at one time; when in demoulding, the demoulding cylinder jacks upwards, the mould core moves upwards along with the left and right movable seats and is opened towards two sides, so that demoulding can be realized, the pressing efficiency is high, and the rejection rate of the manufactured ball socket hardware fitting is low.
As shown in fig. 1, the ball socket finally forged by the forging mold is in a blank state, and then different subsequent processes such as turning a plane, drilling a press-fit hole, turning a press-fit excircle and the like need to be performed on the semi-finished ball socket, and particularly when a central hole is drilled, the position of the drilled hole needs to be ensured to be located at the central position of the semi-finished ball socket.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ball socket forging forming process with convenient processing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a ball socket forging forming process has the innovation points that: comprises the following steps
a) Selecting materials: firstly, calculating the volume required by the raw materials according to the size of the finished product of the composite insulator ball socket hardware, converting the density of the raw materials into weight, and cutting round steel serving as the raw materials to obtain blanks with corresponding weight;
b) heating: heating the blank by adopting an intermediate frequency furnace to heat the temperature of the blank to 900-950 ℃, and removing surface oxide skin by using an oxide skin cleaning machine;
c) forging: placing the heated blank in a ball socket semi-finished product forging die, pre-forging the blank into a ball socket semi-finished product with a finished product shape, wherein the ball socket semi-finished product is in a T shape, one side of the ball socket semi-finished product is provided with a central hole, the ball socket semi-finished product forging die comprises an upper die and a lower die which are matched with each other, and the upper die and the lower die are matched together to realize the forming of the ball socket semi-finished product;
the upper die comprises an upper die plate and an upper punch, the upper punch is arranged at the bottom end of the upper die plate and comprises an upper outer punch and an upper inner punch arranged in the upper outer punch, a cavity for installing the upper inner punch is formed in the upper outer punch, the upper inner punch is in a T shape, and after the upper inner punch is embedded into the upper outer punch, the upper outer punch and the upper inner punch are matched together to form a U-shaped cavity;
the lower die comprises a lower die plate, a lower die base, a lower die and a lower ejector rod, the lower die base and the lower die are sequentially installed on the lower die plate from bottom to top, the lower die comprises a lower outer die and a lower inner die arranged in the lower outer die, a cylindrical cavity is formed in the middle of the upper side of the lower inner die, an upper punch is embedded into the lower inner die after the upper die and the lower die are assembled, a U-shaped cavity and the cylindrical cavity are matched together to form an inverted T-shaped cavity, and a central hole is formed in the middle of the upper end of the inverted T-shaped cavity;
d) turning and pressing an outer circle: conveying a semi-finished ball socket product to a special metal processing production line for processing, wherein the special metal processing production line comprises a plane turning drilling station and an excircle turning station, a circulation unit is arranged between the plane turning drilling station and the excircle turning station, the circulation unit comprises a cross beam extending along the distribution direction of two processing stations, clamping jaws are mounted on the cross beam, and the clamping jaws are driven by a two-shaft driving mechanism mounted on the cross beam to switch between the two processing stations back and forth and lift up and down to achieve workpiece taking and placing;
the plane turning and drilling station is provided with a first processing machine tool, a first fixture, a drill and a plane processing cutter are mounted on the first processing machine tool, the first fixture comprises a first chuck, three first clamping claws distributed in a delta shape are mounted on the first chuck, the drill and the plane processing cutter are arranged opposite to the first fixture, and the central line of the drill and the central line of the first fixture are in the same straight line;
the second machining tool is arranged at the excircle turning station, a clamp, a thimble and an excircle machining tool are mounted on the second machining tool, the clamp and the thimble are arranged oppositely, a groove for embedding the end part of the workpiece is formed in one side, close to the thimble, of the clamp, the clamp and the thimble are matched together to clamp the workpiece, and the excircle machining tool and the thimble are located on the same side;
a workpiece blank bin is further arranged between the plane turning drilling station and the excircle turning station, the workpiece blank bin comprises a workpiece cache support arranged between a first processing machine tool and a second processing machine tool, a workpiece cache platform is mounted on the workpiece cache support, the workpiece cache platform is in movable fit with the workpiece cache support, a plurality of rows of workpiece cache bases are arranged on the workpiece cache platform in parallel along the distribution direction from the first processing machine tool to the second processing machine tool, a plurality of ball socket placing grooves are arranged on the workpiece cache base in parallel, and the distribution direction of the ball socket placing grooves is perpendicular to the extension direction of the cross beam;
clamping the semi-finished ball socket by a clamp, positioning the semi-finished ball socket by extending a thimble into a hole at the side end of the semi-finished ball socket, and then turning and pressing an excircle of the semi-finished ball socket by using an excircle processing cutter;
e) turning a plane and drilling: and d, performing plane turning and drilling on the semi-finished ball socket by using the special metal processing production line in the step d, clamping the semi-finished ball socket by using a first clamping apparatus during processing, then, continuously drilling along a central hole of the semi-finished ball socket by using a drill, performing plane turning treatment on the semi-finished ball socket by using a plane processing cutter during drilling, obtaining a finished ball socket after finishing the plane turning and drilling, and taking the finished ball socket from the first machine tool to finish the processing of the ball socket.
Further, it is echelonment to go up the dashing, is first step, second step, third step, the fourth step that top-down distributes in proper order respectively, and the size of first step, second step, third step, fourth step reduces in proper order, the outward appearance that the second step is close to one side of fourth step is the arc form.
Further, the cooperation between the upper outer punch and the upper inner punch is as follows: the upper punch has an annular mounting protrusion extending outward at the top end, and the upper punch has an annular recess at the top end of the cavity for receiving the mounting protrusion.
Further, the cooperation between the lower inner die and the lower outer die is as follows: the cross section of a cavity formed by the lower outer die and the lower inner die in an installing mode is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is shorter than the lower bottom, and the lower inner die is also in an isosceles trapezoid shape matched with the lower inner die.
Further, the two-axis driving mechanism is: install the travelling car on the crossbeam, the travelling car carries out reciprocal horizontal migration along the crossbeam by a horizontal drive mechanism drive to drive the clamping jaw and carry out horizontal migration between three machining-position, install the lifter plate of a vertical setting on the travelling car, the clamping jaw sets up on the lifter plate to drive by the vertical drive mechanism drive of installing on the lifter plate and reciprocate along the lifter plate and go up and down, thereby realize getting and put the work piece.
Further, the drill bit and the plane machining tool are installed on the same installation seat, the installation seat is provided with an inclined plane which extends upwards in an inclined mode, at least two rows of installation grooves which are distributed in parallel are formed in the inclined plane, the installation grooves extend along the extending direction of the inclined plane, the drill bit and the plane machining tool are installed on the inclined plane of the installation seat through installation blocks, and the installation blocks are fixed with the installation seat through the matching of T-shaped bolts and nuts.
Further, the connection between the workpiece cache platform and the workpiece cache bracket is as follows: the workpiece caching support is provided with a pair of movable guide rails, the extending direction of the movable guide rails is perpendicular to the extending direction of the cross beam, the bottom end of the workpiece caching platform is provided with a movable sliding block matched with the movable guide rails, and the workpiece caching platform is driven by a driving cylinder arranged on the workpiece caching support to reciprocate along the extending direction of the movable guide rails.
Furthermore, the first processing machine tool and the second processing machine tool are also provided with liquid spraying nozzles.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the production process, through the matching of the ball socket semi-finished product forging die and the special gold processing production line and the matching of the steps of forging, turning and pressing an excircle, turning a plane and drilling and the like, the ball socket gold processing is more convenient, and the compactness of a ball socket hardware at the forging position is high, so that the gold processing time is shortened, and the equipment utilization rate of the gold processing is greatly improved.
During material selection, the material consumption is calculated by using the size of a finished product, the material allowance is accurately controlled, the material consumption and the subsequent machining workload are reduced, and the manufacturing cost is low.
The ball socket semi-finished product forging die is characterized in that the structure of the upper punch is improved, so that when the upper punch is matched with the lower die, an inverted T-shaped cavity with a central hole is formed, molded ball socket ingredients are provided with the central hole, the central hole of the ingredients of the ball socket is not needed to be positioned when drilling is carried out subsequently, and only the central hole of the ball socket semi-finished product is needed to be drilled when drilling is carried out subsequently, so that the subsequent drilling processing is facilitated.
The upper inner punch is arranged in a step shape, so that the inner wall of the central hole of the finally formed semi-finished ball socket is also in a step shape, and subsequent drilling processing is facilitated; for the matching between the upper inner punch and the upper outer punch, the matching between the mounting protrusion and the annular groove is adopted, so that the rapid positioning of the relative position between the upper inner punch and the upper outer punch can be realized, and the mounting is convenient; for the matching between the lower inner die and the lower outer die, the isosceles trapezoid-shaped cavities are adopted for matching, so that the relative position between the lower inner die and the lower outer die can be quickly positioned, and the installation is convenient.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a semi-finished ball and socket product forged by a conventional ball and socket forging die.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a ball and socket semi-finished forging die of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the upper punch in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a semi-finished ball and socket product forged by the semi-finished ball and socket product forging die of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a dedicated metalworking line of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of a first processing machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the fixture, drill and flat face machining tool of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the clamp, the thimble and the excircle processing tool of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a workpiece blank magazine according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments described herein.
The ball socket forging forming process is realized by the following steps:
step one, selecting materials: firstly, calculating the volume required by the raw materials according to the size of the finished product of the composite insulator ball socket hardware, converting the density of the raw materials into weight, and cutting round steel serving as the raw materials to obtain blanks with corresponding weight.
Step two, heating: and heating the blank by adopting an intermediate frequency furnace to heat the temperature of the blank to 900-950 ℃, and removing the surface oxide skin by using an oxide skin cleaning machine.
Thirdly, forging: and placing the heated blank in a ball socket semi-finished product forging die, and pre-forging the blank into a ball socket semi-finished product with the shape of a finished product, wherein the ball socket semi-finished product is in a T shape, and one side of the ball socket semi-finished product is provided with a central hole.
As can be seen from the schematic diagrams shown in fig. 2 and 3, the forging die for the semi-finished ball socket product comprises a pair of upper die and lower die which are matched with each other, and the upper die and the lower die are matched together to realize the forming of the semi-finished ball socket product.
The upper die comprises an upper die plate 1 and an upper punch, the upper die plate 1 is driven by an upper main cylinder to move up and down so as to be close to or far away from the lower die, die assembly and demolding of the upper die and the lower die are realized, the upper punch is installed at the bottom end of the upper die plate 1 and comprises an upper outer punch 2 and an upper inner punch 3 arranged in the upper outer punch 2, the upper outer punch 2 and the upper inner punch 3 are respectively fixed on the bottom surface of the upper die plate 1 through respective independent bolts, a cavity for installing the upper outer punch 3 is formed in the upper outer punch 2, the upper inner punch 3 is in a T shape, and after the upper inner punch 3 is embedded into the upper outer punch 2, the upper outer punch 2 and the upper inner punch 3 are matched together to form a U-shaped cavity 8.
Go up interior 3 and be the echelonment, be first step 31, second step 32, third step 33, the fourth step 34 that top-down distributes in proper order respectively, and the size of first step 31, second step 32, third step 33, fourth step 34 reduces in proper order, and the outward appearance of one side that third step 33 is close to fourth step 34 is the arc form. The upper inner punch 3 is arranged in a step shape, so that the inner wall of the central hole of the finally formed semi-finished ball socket is also in a step shape, and subsequent drilling processing is facilitated.
The cooperation between the upper outer punch 2 and the upper inner punch 3 is as follows: the top end of the upper punch 3 is provided with an annular mounting protrusion 35 which extends outwards, and the top end of the cavity of the upper punch 2 is provided with an annular groove in which the mounting protrusion 35 is embedded, so that the cavity in the upper punch 2 is in a T shape as a whole. To last interior cooperation between 3 and the last outer 2 that dashes, adopt the cooperation between mounting protrusion 35 and the annular groove to can realize going up the quick location of 3 and last outer 2 relative position between towards, easy to assemble.
The lower die comprises a lower die plate 4, a lower die holder 5, a lower die and a lower ejector rod 10, the lower die holder 5 and the lower die are sequentially installed on the lower die plate 4 from bottom to top, the lower die comprises a lower outer die 6 and a lower inner die 7 arranged in the lower outer die 6, a cylindrical cavity 9 is formed in the middle of the upper side of the lower inner die 7, after the upper die and the lower die are closed, an upper punch is embedded into the lower inner die 7, the U-shaped cavity 8 and the cylindrical cavity 9 are matched together to form an inverted T-shaped cavity, and a center hole is formed in the middle of the upper end of the inverted T-shaped cavity.
The cooperation between the lower inner die 7 and the lower outer die 6 is as follows: the section of the cavity in the lower outer mold 6, which is installed with the lower inner mold 7, is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is shorter than the lower bottom, and the outer wall of the lower inner mold 7 is also in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid matched with the lower inner mold. For the matching between the lower inner die 7 and the lower outer die 6, the isosceles trapezoid-shaped cavities are adopted for matching, so that the relative position between the lower inner die 7 and the lower outer die 6 can be quickly positioned, and the installation is convenient.
The lower ejector rod 10 is also provided with a lower piston 11, the lower template 4 is provided with a through hole for the lower ejector rod 10 to pass through and move up and down, the lower die holder 5 is provided with a cavity 12 for the lower piston 11 to be installed and move up and down, the bottom end of the lower inner die 7 is provided with a through hole for the lower ejector rod 10 to extend into, the through hole is communicated with the cylindrical cavity 9 in the lower inner die 7, and the lower ejector rod 10 is driven by a lower ejector cylinder to move up and down.
When forging, the upper main cylinder drives the upper die to repeatedly move up and down, the upper punch continuously impacts the cylindrical blank until cylindrical ingredients form a semi-finished ball socket shown in figure 4, then the upper main cylinder stops working, and the lower jacking cylinder drives the lower jacking rod 10 to move upwards, so that the formed semi-finished ball socket is taken out of the lower inner die 7, and the first forging processing of the semi-finished ball socket is completed.
Fourthly, turning and pressing an excircle: and (5) conveying the semi-finished ball socket product to a special metal processing production line for processing.
As can be seen from the schematic diagrams shown in fig. 5-10, the dedicated machining line includes a plane turning drilling station 201 and an outer circle turning station 202, a revolving unit 204 is arranged between the plane turning drilling station 201 and the excircle turning station 202, the revolving unit 204 comprises a beam 241 extending along the distribution direction of the two processing stations, the lower end of the beam 241 is supported by a plurality of columns 245 distributed along the long axis direction of the beam 241, the cross beam 241 is provided with two clamping jaws 243, the two clamping jaws 243 are distributed at 90 degrees in the vertical direction, the two clamping jaws 243 are arranged on the same clamping jaw seat, the clamping jaw seat is driven by a swing oil cylinder or a swing motor to swing, so that the two clamping jaws 243 are switched to use, and the clamping jaws 243 are driven by a two-shaft driving mechanism arranged on the cross beam 241 to switch back and forth among four processing stations and lift up and down to take and place workpieces. The clamping jaw 243 in this embodiment is a conventional electric clamping jaw or a pneumatic clamping jaw on the market, and the specific structure and the working principle thereof are not described in detail herein.
The two-axis driving mechanism comprises: a moving trolley 242 is mounted on the cross beam 241, the moving trolley 242 is driven by a horizontal driving mechanism to perform reciprocating horizontal movement along the cross beam 241, so as to drive the clamping jaw 243 to perform horizontal movement between two processing stations, in this embodiment, the horizontal driving mechanism is: the horizontal screw rod and the horizontal guide rail are mounted on the cross beam 241 and extend along the long axis direction of the cross beam 241, the movable trolley 242 is mounted with a screw rod nut matched with the horizontal screw rod and a horizontal slider matched with the horizontal guide rail, and the horizontal screw rod is driven by a horizontal driving motor mounted on the cross beam 241 to rotate and drive the movable trolley 242 to horizontally reciprocate along the extending direction of the horizontal guide rail. In the present invention, the specific structure of the horizontal driving mechanism is not limited to the cooperation among the screw, the screw nut, the guide rail and the slider in the present embodiment, but may also adopt a driving mechanism such as the cooperation among a hydraulic cylinder, the guide rail and the slider, the cooperation among an electric push rod, the guide rail and the slider, the cooperation among a motor, a gear, a rack, the guide rail and the slider, and the like.
A vertically arranged lifting plate 244 is installed on the moving trolley 242, the clamping jaws 243 and the clamping jaw seats are both arranged on the lifting plate 244 and driven by a vertical driving mechanism installed on the lifting plate 244 to reciprocate along the lifting plate 244, so as to realize taking and placing of workpieces, in this embodiment, the vertical driving mechanism is: a lifting guide derived along the vertical direction is installed on the lifting plate 244, a lifting slider used in cooperation with the lifting guide is installed on the lifting guide, a lifting movable plate is installed on the lifting slider, the lifting movable plate is driven by a lifting cylinder installed on the lifting plate 244 to lift up and down along the extending direction of the lifting guide, and a swing cylinder or a swing motor is installed on the lifting movable plate. In the invention, the arrangement of the vertical driving mechanism is not limited to the matching of the lifting guide rail and the lifting slide block, and the matching of the lead screw and the lead screw nut, the matching of the guide rail, the electric push rod and the slide block, and the like can also be utilized.
The outer side of the beam 241 is also provided with a guardrail 245 which covers the whole beam 241 and the movable trolley 242, the guardrail 245 comprises a cuboid frame structure, the size of the frame structure is larger than that of the beam 241, and a grid-shaped protective net is arranged on the frame structure. The guard bar 245 arranged outside the cross beam 241 protects the cross beam 241 and the moving trolley 242 mounted on the cross beam 241, and prevents the parts from being damaged by collision and bruise caused by external hard objects.
A first processing machine tool and a first processing machine tool 211 are arranged at the position of the plane turning drilling station, a processing cavity is arranged on the first processing machine tool 211, an opening 212 communicating with the processing cavity is further provided on the outer side of the first processing machine 211, and a door covering the entire opening is further provided on the first processing machine 211, a pair of movable guide rails are arranged on the first processing machine tool 211, a movable sliding block matched with the movable guide rails is arranged on the machine door, the machine door is pushed by an opening and closing oil cylinder or air cylinder 213 arranged on the first processing machine tool 211 to reciprocate along the movable guide rails, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the machine door, the opening and closing oil cylinder or air cylinder 213 is arranged at one side of the opening 212, a proximity switch 214 is also provided on the first processing machine 211 on the other side of the opening, meanwhile, the top end of the piston rod of the on-off oil cylinder or air cylinder 213 is also provided with a proximity block 215 matched with the proximity switch 214.
As can be seen from the schematic diagram shown in fig. 8, a first fixture, a drill and a plane processing tool are installed in a processing cavity of the first processing machine 211, the first fixture includes a first chuck 216 connected to a spindle of the first processing machine 211, the first chuck 216 is driven by the spindle to rotate, three first jaws 217 distributed in a delta shape are installed on the first chuck 216, in the present invention, the first chuck 216 and the spindle may also be integrated, that is, the first jaws 217 are directly installed on the spindle, the first jaws 217 in this embodiment are conventional pneumatic jaws used in the market, and the specific structure and operation principle thereof will not be described in detail herein.
The drill 218 and the face machining tool 219 are disposed opposite to the jig, and the center line of the drill 218 and the center line of the jig are aligned. The center line of the drill bit on the first processing machine tool 211 and the center line of the first fixture are designed to be the same straight line, so that the foundation for subsequent synchronous processing of the ball socket or the turning plane of the ball head is realized while drilling is carried out, four-step processing of drilling, turning plane, turning outer circle and turning the ball head of the ball socket or the ball head can be realized only in three time periods, the time required by processing the whole ball socket is shortened, and the working efficiency is improved.
The drill 218 and the plane processing tool 219 are mounted on the same mounting base, the mounting base is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or other similar driving actuator mounted on the first processing machine 211 to move horizontally, so as to drive the drill 218 and the plane processing tool 219 to approach or depart from the fixture, meanwhile, a guide rail extending along the distribution direction of the fixture and the drill 218 is arranged on the first processing machine 211, the mounting base is movably mounted on the guide rail, the mounting base is provided with an inclined surface 2101 extending obliquely upwards, the inclined surface 2101 is provided with at least two rows of mounting grooves 2102 distributed in parallel, the mounting grooves 2102 extend along the extension direction of the inclined surface 2101, the drill 218 and the plane processing tool 219 are both mounted on the inclined surface 2101 of the mounting base through a mounting block 2103, the drill 218 is driven by a corresponding motor to rotate, the mounting block 2103 is fixed with the inclined surface 2101 of the mounting base through the matching of a T-shaped bolt and a nut, during installation, the T-shaped bolt is inversely arranged in the installation groove 2102, the screw rod section of the bolt extends out of the installation groove 2102, a through hole for allowing the screw rod end of the bolt to pass through is formed in the installation block 103, the bolt passes through the through hole in the installation block 2103 and then is locked by a nut, so that the installation block 2103 and the inclined plane 2101 are fixed, the relative positions of the drill bit 218, the plane machining cutter 219 and the installation seat can be adjusted up and down by adopting the installation mode, the positions of the drill bit 218 and the plane machining cutter 219 can be adjusted according to different parameters such as the size, the position and the like of a ball socket to be machined, and the drilling and the turning of the ball socket can be realized at the same time.
The excircle turning station 202 is provided with a second processing machine 231, the gate structure of the second processing machine 231 is the same as that of the first processing machine 211, and details will not be described here, the second processing machine 231 is provided with a processing cavity therein, a clamp 232, a thimble 233 and an excircle processing cutter 234 are mounted in the processing cavity of the second processing machine 231, as shown in fig. 10, the clamp 232 is mounted on the main shaft of the second processing machine 231, one side of the clamp 232 near the thimble 233 is provided with a groove which is embedded in the end of the workpiece and is in accordance with the shape of the end of the ball socket, the thimble 233 is arranged opposite to the clamp 232, the thimble 233 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod or other similar linear actuator mounted on the second processing machine 231 to approach or separate from the clamp 232, so that the thimble 233 and the clamp 232 cooperate to clamp the workpiece, the excircle processing cutter 234 and the thimble 233 are located on the same side, the second processing machine 231 also has an 8-position tool rest for mounting the cylindrical processing tool 234, the 8-position tool rest is a tool rest commonly used in the existing market, the 8-position tool rest can be used for mounting different types of tools for turning, and the mounting between the cylindrical processing tool 234 and the 8-position tool rest is the same as the mounting structure in the existing market, and therefore, the detailed description is omitted here.
Still be provided with a work piece blank feed bin between car plane drilling station 201 and turning round station 202, the work piece blank feed bin includes that one sets up the work piece buffer memory support 251 between first machine tool 211 and second machine tool 221, work piece buffer memory support 251 is a cuboid frame rack structure, the bottom of work piece buffer memory support 251 is supported through four spike 252, install a work piece buffer memory platform 253 on work piece buffer memory support 251, clearance fit between work piece buffer memory platform 253 and the work piece buffer memory support 251, be connected between work piece buffer memory platform 253 and the work piece buffer memory support 251 specifically do: a pair of movable guide rails 254 horizontally arranged is installed on the workpiece buffer bracket 251, the extending direction of the pair of movable guide rails 254 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the cross beam 241, a movable slider 255 matched with the movable guide rails 254 is installed at the bottom end of the workpiece buffer platform 253, and the workpiece buffer platform 253 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder installed on the workpiece buffer bracket 251 to reciprocate along the extending direction of the movable guide rails 254.
The workpiece buffer platform 253 is provided with a plurality of rows of workpiece buffer bases 256 which are arranged in parallel along the distribution direction from the first processing machine 211 to the second processing machine 221, the workpiece buffer bases 256 are provided with a plurality of ball socket placing grooves which are arranged in parallel, and the distribution direction of the ball socket placing grooves is vertical to the extending direction of the cross beam 41.
The workpiece blank bin is arranged and matched with the workpiece caching support, the workpiece caching platform and the workpiece caching base, so that temporary storage of the ball socket semi-finished product processed and finished by the turning plane drilling station 201 is facilitated, the phenomenon that the ball socket semi-finished product is always clamped by the clamping jaw to wait due to inconsistency of processing time of the turning plane drilling station 201 and the turning excircle station is avoided, the phenomenon that the turning plane drilling station 201 is stopped to wait is further caused, and continuous production is guaranteed.
The first processing machine 211 and the second processing machine 221 are also provided with liquid-jet nozzles facing the jig, the drill 218, and the jig 232, respectively, and each of the liquid-jet nozzles is connected to a cutting fluid storage container, so that the cutting fluid is jetted to match the cutting of the workpiece in the processing step.
When the turning and pressing excircle processing is carried out, firstly, a forged ball socket semi-finished product is grabbed by the moving trolley 242 and sent to the processing machine tool 221, the end part of the ball socket semi-finished product is clamped by the clamp 232, then the ball socket semi-finished product extends into a central hole at the side end of the ball socket semi-finished product through the thimble 233 to realize the positioning of the ball socket semi-finished product, then the excircle processing is carried out on the outer surface of the ball socket semi-finished product by the excircle processing cutter 234, and after the processing is finished, the workpiece is taken away by the moving trolley 242 and sent to the first processing machine tool 211 or placed at a workpiece blank.
Fifthly, turning a plane for drilling: turning and pressing the outer circle of the semi-finished ball socket by using a special metal processing production line in the fourth step, firstly moving the semi-finished ball socket to the position above a second processing machine tool 221 or a workpiece blank bin by using a moving trolley 242, then driving a clamping jaw 243 to move downwards so as to grab the semi-finished ball socket with the outer circle turned and pressed, then moving the clamping jaw 243 upwards again, horizontally moving the moving trolley 242 to the position above the first processing machine tool 211, then moving the clamping jaw 243 downwards again, moving the semi-finished ball socket downwards to the central position of a clamp, horizontally moving the moving trolley 242 again so as to move the semi-finished ball socket to the centers of three clamping jaws 217, clamping the outer wall of the outer circle pressed and pressed of the semi-finished ball socket by using the three clamping jaws 217 in a matching manner, then moving the clamping jaw 243 upwards, moving a mounting seat on the first processing machine tool 211 towards the semi-finished ball socket, and, and along with the advance of the drill 218, when the plane processing tool 219 abuts against the end face of the semi-finished ball socket, the spindle of the first processing machine 211 starts to rotate, so as to drive the semi-finished ball socket to rotate, at this time, the plane processing tool 219 is used for carrying out plane turning on the semi-finished ball socket, and after the drilling and plane turning are completed, the clamping jaws on the moving trolley 242 are used for taking away the semi-finished ball socket, so as to complete the processing of the ball socket.
In the processing step, firstly, the ball socket semi-finished product is subjected to outer circle turning and pressing by a lathe, and then, the operation of plane turning and drilling is carried out, because the outer surface of the forged ball socket semi-finished product is not subjected to finish machining, the surface of the ball socket semi-finished product is not a smooth plane, and if the drilling processing is carried out firstly, the alignment of the center of the ball socket semi-finished product cannot be ensured no matter the ball socket part and the pressing outer circle part of the ball socket semi-finished product are clamped, so that a certain deviation occurs between the position of the drilled hole and the set position of the hole, and the processing of the outer circle turning and pressing by the lathe is carried out firstly, so that the smoothness of the surface of the pressing outer circle part of the ball socket semi-finished product is ensured firstly, and when the drilling is carried out, the outer wall of the pressing outer circle of.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A ball socket forging forming process is characterized in that: comprises the following steps
a) Selecting materials: firstly, calculating the volume required by the raw materials according to the size of the finished product of the composite insulator ball socket hardware, converting the density of the raw materials into weight, and cutting round steel serving as the raw materials to obtain blanks with corresponding weight;
b) heating: heating the blank by adopting an intermediate frequency furnace to heat the temperature of the blank to 900-950 ℃, and removing surface oxide skin by using an oxide skin cleaning machine;
c) forging: placing the heated blank in a ball socket semi-finished product forging die, pre-forging the blank into a ball socket semi-finished product with a finished product shape, wherein the ball socket semi-finished product is in a T shape, one side of the ball socket semi-finished product is provided with a central hole, the ball socket semi-finished product forging die comprises an upper die and a lower die which are matched with each other, and the upper die and the lower die are matched together to realize the forming of the ball socket semi-finished product;
the upper die comprises an upper die plate and an upper punch, the upper punch is arranged at the bottom end of the upper die plate and comprises an upper outer punch and an upper inner punch arranged in the upper outer punch, a cavity for installing the upper inner punch is formed in the upper outer punch, the upper inner punch is in a T shape, and after the upper inner punch is embedded into the upper outer punch, the upper outer punch and the upper inner punch are matched together to form a U-shaped cavity;
the lower die comprises a lower die plate, a lower die base, a lower die and a lower ejector rod, the lower die base and the lower die are sequentially installed on the lower die plate from bottom to top, the lower die comprises a lower outer die and a lower inner die arranged in the lower outer die, a cylindrical cavity is formed in the middle of the upper side of the lower inner die, an upper punch is embedded into the lower inner die after the upper die and the lower die are assembled, a U-shaped cavity and the cylindrical cavity are matched together to form an inverted T-shaped cavity, and a central hole is formed in the middle of the upper end of the inverted T-shaped cavity;
d) turning and pressing an outer circle: conveying a semi-finished ball socket product to a special metal processing production line for processing, wherein the special metal processing production line comprises a plane turning drilling station and an excircle turning station, a circulation unit is arranged between the plane turning drilling station and the excircle turning station, the circulation unit comprises a cross beam extending along the distribution direction of two processing stations, clamping jaws are mounted on the cross beam, and the clamping jaws are driven by a two-shaft driving mechanism mounted on the cross beam to switch between the two processing stations back and forth and lift up and down to achieve workpiece taking and placing;
the plane turning and drilling station is provided with a first processing machine tool, a first fixture, a drill and a plane processing cutter are mounted on the first processing machine tool, the first fixture comprises a first chuck, three first clamping claws distributed in a delta shape are mounted on the first chuck, the drill and the plane processing cutter are arranged opposite to the first fixture, and the central line of the drill and the central line of the first fixture are in the same straight line;
the second machining tool is arranged at the excircle turning station, a clamp, a thimble and an excircle machining tool are mounted on the second machining tool, the clamp and the thimble are arranged oppositely, a groove for embedding the end part of the workpiece is formed in one side, close to the thimble, of the clamp, the clamp and the thimble are matched together to clamp the workpiece, and the excircle machining tool and the thimble are located on the same side;
a workpiece blank bin is further arranged between the plane turning drilling station and the excircle turning station, the workpiece blank bin comprises a workpiece cache support arranged between a first processing machine tool and a second processing machine tool, a workpiece cache platform is mounted on the workpiece cache support, the workpiece cache platform is in movable fit with the workpiece cache support, a plurality of rows of workpiece cache bases are arranged on the workpiece cache platform in parallel along the distribution direction from the first processing machine tool to the second processing machine tool, a plurality of ball socket placing grooves are arranged on the workpiece cache base in parallel, and the distribution direction of the ball socket placing grooves is perpendicular to the extension direction of the cross beam;
clamping the semi-finished ball socket by a clamp, positioning the semi-finished ball socket by extending a thimble into a hole at the side end of the semi-finished ball socket, and then turning and pressing an excircle of the semi-finished ball socket by using an excircle processing cutter;
e) turning a plane and drilling: and d, performing plane turning and drilling on the semi-finished ball socket by using the special metal processing production line in the step d, clamping the semi-finished ball socket by using a first clamping apparatus during processing, then, continuously drilling along a central hole of the semi-finished ball socket by using a drill, performing plane turning treatment on the semi-finished ball socket by using a plane processing cutter during drilling, obtaining a finished ball socket after finishing the plane turning and drilling, and taking the finished ball socket from the first machine tool to finish the processing of the ball socket.
2. The ball and socket forging forming process of claim 1, wherein: the upper inner punch is in a step shape and is a first step section, a second step section, a third step section and a fourth step section which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, the sizes of the first step section, the second step section, the third step section and the fourth step section are sequentially reduced, and the outer surface of one side, close to the fourth step section, of the second step section is arc-shaped.
3. The ball and socket forging forming process of claim 1, wherein: the cooperation between the upper outer punch and the upper inner punch is as follows: the upper punch has an annular mounting protrusion extending outward at the top end, and the upper punch has an annular recess at the top end of the cavity for receiving the mounting protrusion.
4. The ball and socket forging forming process of claim 1, wherein: the cooperation between the lower inner die and the lower outer die is as follows: the cross section of a cavity formed by the lower outer die and the lower inner die in an installing mode is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is shorter than the lower bottom, and the lower inner die is also in an isosceles trapezoid shape matched with the lower inner die.
5. The ball and socket forging forming process of claim 1, wherein: the two-axis driving mechanism comprises: install the travelling car on the crossbeam, the travelling car carries out reciprocal horizontal migration along the crossbeam by a horizontal drive mechanism drive to drive the clamping jaw and carry out horizontal migration between three machining-position, install the lifter plate of a vertical setting on the travelling car, the clamping jaw sets up on the lifter plate to drive by the vertical drive mechanism drive of installing on the lifter plate and reciprocate along the lifter plate and go up and down, thereby realize getting and put the work piece.
6. The ball and socket forging forming process of claim 1, wherein: the drill bit and the plane machining tool are installed on the same installation seat, the installation seat is provided with an inclined plane which extends upwards in an inclined mode, at least two rows of installation grooves which are distributed in parallel are formed in the inclined plane, the installation grooves extend along the extending direction of the inclined plane, the drill bit and the plane machining tool are installed on the inclined plane of the installation seat through installation blocks, and the installation blocks are fixed with the installation seat through the matching of T-shaped bolts and nuts.
7. The ball and socket forging forming process of claim 1, wherein: the workpiece cache platform is connected with the workpiece cache bracket by: the workpiece caching support is provided with a pair of movable guide rails, the extending direction of the movable guide rails is perpendicular to the extending direction of the cross beam, the bottom end of the workpiece caching platform is provided with a movable sliding block matched with the movable guide rails, and the workpiece caching platform is driven by a driving cylinder arranged on the workpiece caching support to reciprocate along the extending direction of the movable guide rails.
8. The ball and socket forging forming process of claim 1, wherein: and the first processing machine tool and the second processing machine tool are also provided with liquid spraying nozzles.
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| CN201911069289.1A CN110883506B (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Ball socket forging forming process |
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| CN201911069289.1A CN110883506B (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Ball socket forging forming process |
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| CN110883506B CN110883506B (en) | 2021-04-27 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112536413A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-03-23 | 无锡昌至盛机械制造有限公司 | Integrated production process of lower end hardware fitting and forging die thereof |
| CN114393169A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-26 | 安徽凯得利机械模具有限公司 | Compression molding cutter cutting edge forging device and implementation method thereof |
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| JPH04140108A (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1992-05-14 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Forming method of large-sized insulator |
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| CN114393169A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-26 | 安徽凯得利机械模具有限公司 | Compression molding cutter cutting edge forging device and implementation method thereof |
| CN114393169B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2023-11-21 | 安徽凯得利机械模具有限公司 | Compression molding cutter cutting edge forging device and implementation method thereof |
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| CN110883506B (en) | 2021-04-27 |
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