CN110882516A - Non-toxic treatment method for cyanide-containing waste - Google Patents
Non-toxic treatment method for cyanide-containing waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN110882516A CN110882516A CN201811048728.6A CN201811048728A CN110882516A CN 110882516 A CN110882516 A CN 110882516A CN 201811048728 A CN201811048728 A CN 201811048728A CN 110882516 A CN110882516 A CN 110882516A
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- cyanide
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- containing waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/45—Inorganic substances containing nitrogen or phosphorus
Abstract
The invention relates to a cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method in the field of waste material non-toxic treatment; the cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method can comprise the following steps: (1) preparing a strong oxidizing solution; the strongly oxidizing solution is selected from a hypochlorite solution or a chlorate solution; (2) soaking the waste in a strong oxidizing solution; (3) taking supernatant of the soak solution for cyanide detection; (4) adjusting the pH value of the soak solution, filtering and treating; the invention realizes the non-toxic treatment of the toxic waste generated in the carbon fiber production process on site, the treated waste can be used as common garbage for treatment, the labor is greatly saved, the cost and the operation danger are reduced, and the used raw materials are low in price and simple in operation process, thereby being very suitable for the site operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nontoxic treatment of waste materials, in particular to a nontoxic treatment method of cyanide-containing waste materials.
Background
Have a large amount of grey waste materials to produce in carbon fiber production process, gather in low carbon furnace, high carbon furnace and exhaust pipe, just need clear up low, high carbon furnace and exhaust pipe after producing a period, otherwise too much waste material can influence passing through of silk bundle and the discharge of waste gas, influences the quality of carbon fiber product. The waste material contains cyanide due to the generation of highly toxic cyanide in the low-temperature and high-temperature carbonization processes, so that the storage and the treatment of the waste material have great risks.
The original treatment method is that the waste materials are collected and are contained by a special container, the waste materials are stored according to the storage requirements of the highly toxic articles, and the waste materials are sent to a professional treatment mechanism for incineration treatment after being accumulated to a certain amount. Therefore, not only is the labor consumed and the processing cost high, but also a great risk exists in the process of transferring and transporting once and again.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a non-toxic treatment method for waste materials. In particular to a non-toxic treatment method of cyanide-containing waste. The waste materials can be subjected to non-toxic treatment on site and then treated as common garbage, so that the labor is greatly saved, and the cost and the operation risk are reduced.
The invention relates to a cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a strong oxidizing solution; said strongly oxidizing solution is selected from hypochlorite solutions or chlorate solutions, preferably hypochlorite solutions;
(2) soaking the waste in a strong oxidizing solution;
(3) taking supernatant of the soak solution for cyanide detection;
(4) adjusting the pH value of the soaking solution, filtering and treating.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the step (1), strong oxidizing property of hypochlorite or chlorate is mainly used. The concentration can be adjusted according to the needs, because hypochlorite or chlorate is certainly excessive, the concentration is too small, the soaking treatment is easy to be incomplete, and hypochlorite or chlorate can be added again; but the smell is larger when the concentration is too high; specifically, the weight concentration of hypochlorite in the hypochlorite solution can be 10-30%; the weight concentration of chlorate in the chlorate solution can be 10-30%.
In the step (2), the waste is added into the strong oxidizing solution, so that the waste is completely soaked and submerged by the solution. The waste is generated by condensation and deposition in equipment of ash generated by decomposition and ashing of high-temperature process materials in the production process. The main components are carbon, silicon and a small amount of sodium cyanide.
The hypochlorite may be selected from hypochlorites commonly used in the art, preferably sodium hypochlorite.
The chlorate may be selected from chlorates commonly used in the art, preferably from potassium chlorate and/or sodium chlorate.
Wherein, sodium cyanide reacts with sodium hypochlorite to generate nontoxic sodium chloride and sodium fulminate, thereby realizing non-toxicity.
NaCN+HClO—NaOCN+NaCl
About every 10kg of waste material is soaked in 100-150 kg of 10-30 wt% hypochlorite solution or chlorate solution, preferably 100-120 kg.
In the step (2), the time for the soaking treatment is 24 hours or more.
In the step (3), the cyanide detection may include the steps of:
taking supernatant of the soaking solution (if the solution is turbid, filtering is needed), and adjusting the pH value to be 4-6 by using acid; the acid may in principle be selected from the acids commonly used in the art, but chloride ions are already introduced during the waste treatment, and if other acids are used, other impurities are necessarily introduced, such as sulphuric acid, sulphate ions. Other acids may be used instead if not taking into account the introduction of other impurities. The waste material is treated with as little or no new impurities to avoid the formation of new contaminants. Hydrochloric acid is preferred in view of not introducing other impurity ions.
After the pH value is adjusted, dropwise adding an ammonium ferrous sulfate solution into the supernatant of the soaking solution, dropwise adding a ferric trichloride solution, and observing whether the solution turns blue or not; the weight concentration of the ferrous ammonium sulfate solution is 1-15% (preferably 6-12%, more preferably 8-12%); the weight concentration of the ferric trichloride solution is 5-15%, preferably 8-12%, and more preferably 10%; if the solution turns blue, cyanide is present. The ferrous ammonium sulfate solution and the ferric chloride solution are used as indicators, if the addition amount is too small, the color development is not obvious, and if the addition amount is too large, the iron ion solution is light yellow green, and if the addition amount is too large, the sample is also changed into yellow green, so that the observation is influenced. Supernatant of the soak solution: ammonium ferrous sulfate solution: the volume of the ferric trichloride solution can be (0.5-1) and (0.5-1) respectively.
Specifically, the step (3) may include: taking 50mL of supernatant of the soak solution, and adjusting the pH value to be 4-6 by using acid; and then 5-10 drops (about 0.25-0.5 mL) of 10% ammonium ferrous sulfate solution is dripped into the supernate, 5-10 drops (about 0.25-0.5 mL) of 10% ferric trichloride solution is dripped, whether the solution turns blue is observed, if the solution turns blue, the solution contains cyanide, hypochlorite or chlorate is added, wherein the addition amount of hypochlorite or chlorate can be adjusted according to actual conditions, specifically, 0.5-1.5 kg of hypochlorite or chlorate can be added to 10kg of waste material approximately every time, the solution is continuously soaked for more than 24 hours, detection is carried out until the solution does not turn blue, and the next step (4) is carried out.
In the step (4), the steps of adjusting the pH value of the soak solution, filtering and treating comprise the following steps:
adding acid (specifically dilute hydrochloric acid, mainly considering no other impurity ions to be introduced) into the soak solution, and adjusting the pH of the solution to 6.5-7.5 to prevent secondary acid and alkali pollution; the weight concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid can be 10-20%;
filtering the soaking solution, discharging the liquid phase into a sewage plant for treatment, and drying the solid phase of the waste material to be treated as common garbage.
The treatment mode of the highly toxic industrial waste in the field is to collect the waste to a special hazardous chemical treatment mechanism for incineration treatment. The invention uses cheap hypochlorite or chlorate to treat the industrial waste material with high toxicity which is difficult to treat. Originally belongs to highly toxic waste materials, and cannot be discarded; by the method, the waste can be treated and landfilled with household garbage. If the waste is treated by the conventional method, the treatment cost is high (the treatment price of Lanzhou hazardous waste is 60 yuan/kg), the risk of storage and transportation is high, and operators can possibly die by inhaling a small amount of toxic waste. And in many places, no mechanism capable of processing the highly toxic drugs exists, and the mechanism cannot be processed without qualification. The method is simple and economical, can be used for on-site treatment on site, avoids the links of transfer, storage and transportation (the links have great risks for highly toxic drugs), reduces the danger and saves a large amount of cost.
Effects of the invention
1) The invention realizes the non-toxic treatment of the toxic waste generated in the carbon fiber production process on site, and the treated waste can be treated as common garbage, thereby greatly saving manpower and reducing cost and operation danger.
2) The present invention utilizes the chemical characteristic that virulent cyanide can react with hypochlorite or chlorate to produce non-toxic product, and uses hypochlorite or chlorate solution to soak cyanide-containing waste material to make the cyanide in the waste material react with hypochlorite or chlorate so as to make the waste material non-toxic. The principle that cyanide can react with divalent and trivalent iron ions to generate dark blue complex is used to judge whether cyanide remains.
3) The raw materials used in the invention have low price and simple operation process, and are very suitable for field operation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
10kg of waste materials are taken, the waste materials are generated by condensing and depositing ash-shaped substances generated by decomposition and ashing of high-temperature process materials in the production process of Lanzhou Lanxing fiber company Limited in equipment, and the main components of the waste materials comprise carbon, silicon and a small amount of sodium cyanide. The cyanide-containing waste is treated according to the non-toxic treatment method, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) 100kg of sodium hypochlorite solution with the weight concentration of 10% is prepared in a 200L open plastic bucket, and is fully stirred and mixed evenly.
(2) And (3) pouring 10kg of waste into the prepared sodium hypochlorite solution, and stirring for 3min to ensure that the waste is completely soaked and submerged by the sodium hypochlorite solution. The mixture was left for 24 hours.
(3) And taking about 50mL of supernatant of the soak solution, adding 15% dilute hydrochloric acid by weight concentration, and adjusting the pH of the solution to be 4-6. And then 5-10 drops of 10 weight percent ammonium ferrous sulfate solution are dripped into the supernatant, 5-10 drops of 10 weight percent ferric trichloride solution are dripped, whether the solution turns blue or not is judged, if the solution does not turn blue, the solution does not contain cyanide, and the next step is carried out.
(4) And slowly adding dilute hydrochloric acid into the waste barrel, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 6.5-7.5 to prevent secondary acid and alkali pollution. Filtering the soaking solution, discharging the liquid phase into a sewage plant for treatment, and performing landfill treatment on the solid phase and the air-dried waste together with other on-site garbage.
The method of the invention can be used for treating highly toxic drugs by using common chemical reagents, particularly sodium hypochlorite and waste alkali for sterilization can be used in practice, and the cost is basically negligible. And the treatment can be carried out on site, so that the links of transfer, storage and transportation are omitted, the danger is greatly reduced, and a large amount of cost is saved.
Claims (10)
1. A cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a strong oxidizing solution; the strongly oxidizing solution is selected from a hypochlorite solution or a chlorate solution;
(2) soaking the waste in a strong oxidizing solution;
(3) taking supernatant of the soak solution for cyanide detection;
(4) adjusting the pH value of the soaking solution, filtering and treating.
2. The cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step (1), the step (c),
the weight concentration of hypochlorite in the hypochlorite solution is 10-30%;
the weight concentration of chlorate in the chlorate solution is 10-30%.
3. The cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in the step (2), soaking treatment is carried out on every 10kg of waste materials in 100-150 kg of the strong oxidizing solution.
4. The cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step (2), the time for the soaking treatment is 24 hours or more.
5. The method for the non-toxic treatment of cyanide-containing waste materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
the hypochlorite is selected from sodium hypochlorite;
the chlorate is selected from potassium chlorate and/or sodium chlorate.
6. The cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
in the step (3), the cyanide detection comprises the following steps:
taking supernatant of the soaking solution, and adjusting the pH value to be 4-6 by using acid; and then dropwise adding an ammonium ferrous sulfate solution into the supernatant of the soaking solution, dropwise adding a ferric trichloride solution, and observing whether the solution turns blue or not.
7. The cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the weight concentration of the ferrous ammonium sulfate solution is 1-15%, preferably 6-12%; the weight concentration of the ferric trichloride solution is 5-15%, and the preferable weight concentration is 8-12%;
supernatant of the soak solution: ammonium ferrous sulfate solution: the volume of the ferric trichloride solution is 100 (0.5-1) and 0.5-1.
8. The cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step (4), the steps of adjusting the pH value of the soak solution, filtering and treating comprise the following steps:
adding acid into the soak solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 6.5-7.5;
filtering the soaking solution, discharging the liquid phase into a sewage plant for treatment, and drying the solid phase of the waste material to be treated as common garbage.
9. The non-toxic cyanide-containing waste treatment process according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that:
the acid is selected from hydrochloric acid.
10. The cyanide-containing waste material non-toxic treatment method according to claim 6, characterized in that:
in the step (3), the cyanide detection comprises the following steps:
taking 50mL of supernatant of the soak solution, and adjusting the pH value to be 4-6; then 0.25-0.5 mL of 8-12% ammonium ferrous sulfate solution is dripped into the supernatant of the soaking solution, 0.25-0.5 mL of 8-12% ferric trichloride solution is dripped, and whether the solution turns blue or not is observed; and (4) if the blue color changes, adding hypochlorite or chlorate, continuing to soak for more than 24 hours, detecting until the blue color does not change, and entering the next step (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811048728.6A CN110882516A (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2018-09-10 | Non-toxic treatment method for cyanide-containing waste |
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| CN201811048728.6A CN110882516A (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2018-09-10 | Non-toxic treatment method for cyanide-containing waste |
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4590261A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-05-20 | International Technology Services, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detoxification of cyanide contaminated polymeric film chips |
| US20030069462A1 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2003-04-10 | Gary Fisher | Methods of destruction of cyanide in cyanide-containing waste |
| CN101444660A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-06-03 | 吴正建 | Innocent treatment of cyanide and fluoride in solid waste residues and recycling process thereof |
| CN103848516A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-11 | 中国航空工业标准件制造有限责任公司 | Chemical treatment method of cyanogen-containing electroplating wastewater |
| CN105617596A (en) * | 2015-12-27 | 2016-06-01 | 河南中孚实业股份有限公司 | Wet-process harmless treatment method for electrolytic bath overhaul residue |
-
2018
- 2018-09-10 CN CN201811048728.6A patent/CN110882516A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4590261A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-05-20 | International Technology Services, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detoxification of cyanide contaminated polymeric film chips |
| US20030069462A1 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2003-04-10 | Gary Fisher | Methods of destruction of cyanide in cyanide-containing waste |
| CN101444660A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-06-03 | 吴正建 | Innocent treatment of cyanide and fluoride in solid waste residues and recycling process thereof |
| CN103848516A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-11 | 中国航空工业标准件制造有限责任公司 | Chemical treatment method of cyanogen-containing electroplating wastewater |
| CN105617596A (en) * | 2015-12-27 | 2016-06-01 | 河南中孚实业股份有限公司 | Wet-process harmless treatment method for electrolytic bath overhaul residue |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 米勒等: "《现代有机化学实验》", 30 September 1987, 上海翻译出版公司 * |
| 罗建波等: "《公共卫生实验室质量技术与安全》", 31 December 2004, 罗建波等 * |
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