CN110879252B - Method for detecting quality of concrete junction surface by using sound waves - Google Patents
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- CN110879252B CN110879252B CN201911242234.6A CN201911242234A CN110879252B CN 110879252 B CN110879252 B CN 110879252B CN 201911242234 A CN201911242234 A CN 201911242234A CN 110879252 B CN110879252 B CN 110879252B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting concrete joint quality by sound waves, which respectively carries out sound wave detection on a bonding interface measuring area of a concrete joint surface and new and old concrete measuring areas on two sides of the joint surface, carries out data processing on received pulse signals, extracts a dominant frequency peak value from a sound wave signal frequency domain graph and calculates a dominant frequency mean value of the measuring areas; and defining a calculation method of the quality reliability coefficient z, calculating the quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface according to the main frequency mean value of each measurement area, and grading the bonding quality of the joint surface according to the quality reliability coefficient z, thereby evaluating the quality of the concrete joint surface. The method for detecting the quality of the concrete junction surface by using the sound waves has the following advantages: the method for detecting the quality of the concrete junction surface has simple process, can carry out data processing on the received pulse signals to calculate the reliability coefficient z of the quality of the junction surface, and grades the quality of the junction surface, thereby evaluating the quality of the concrete junction surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a detection method, relates to the technical field of engineering structure quality detection, and particularly relates to a detection method for concrete joint surface quality.
Background
As a structural form conforming to an industrial production mode, the fabricated concrete structure has the advantages of high construction speed, low labor intensity, less noise pollution and wet operation, easy control of product quality and the like, and becomes the mainstream direction of the development of domestic and foreign building industries. However, because the prefabricated concrete building adopts a large number of prefabricated components, when the prefabricated components are cast with concrete later, because the pouring area is large, the reinforcing steel bars are dense, and the embedded pipelines are various, if the prefabricated components are not compacted during pouring, or the junction surface is not processed according to the standard requirements, various defects are easily formed on the junction surface, so that the connection between the prefabricated components and the cast-with-post concrete cannot ensure the integral stress of the structure, and the original design of equal cast-in-place is difficult to achieve.
The concrete joint surface is a contact surface formed between two concretes poured successively, namely, a joint surface between a concrete poured on the finally set concrete and a new concrete. Researchers at home and abroad carry out a series of researches on factors influencing the bonding strength of new and old concrete, wherein the factor influencing the strength of the bonding surface of the new and old concrete to the greatest extent is the surface roughness of the old concrete. Research shows that within a certain roughness range, the higher the interface roughness, the higher the concrete bonding strength. The related industry standards specify that rough surface treatment is carried out according to design requirements when the prefabricated part joint surface is manufactured, when no specific design requirement exists, chemical treatment, roughening or chiseling and other methods can be adopted to manufacture the rough surface, and specify that the area of the rough surface is not less than 80% of the joint surface, the concave-convex depth of the rough surface of the prefabricated plate is not less than 4mm, and the concave-convex depth of the rough surface of the prefabricated beam end, the column end and the wall end is not less than 6 mm.
The two concretes should be well combined, so that the new concrete and the old concrete form a whole to jointly bear the load, and the safe use of the structure can be ensured. However, when concrete is poured for the second time, the hardened concrete surface often cannot be completely treated according to the standard requirements due to various reasons, and the bonding quality of the concrete joint surface is difficult to ensure, so that the quality detection of the concrete joint surface is particularly important, and if the concrete joint surface with unqualified quality cannot be detected in time, huge engineering problems may be caused and huge losses may be caused.
The ultrasonic method can detect the internal defects of the concrete and simultaneously ensure the integrity of the structure, and has the advantages of wide application, large detection distance, simple operation and the like, so the ultrasonic method is rapidly popularized and popularized at home and abroad, becomes a concrete nondestructive detection method with the most wide application and develops a series of ultrasonic detection equipment. Some researchers in China carry out related researches on the detection of the joint surfaces of new and old concrete by using an ultrasonic method. For example, in Liujin Wei (Liujin Wei. ultrasonic velocity evaluation of bond quality of new and old concrete) [ J ]. Shantou university newspaper (Nature science edition), 2002(01): 1-6.) a test study is carried out on the interface performance of new and old concrete for repairing a small test block and a repair beam by adopting a measurement method, the ultrasonic velocity and the bond interface strength have good correlation, and a method for evaluating the bond quality of the new and old concrete by using the ultrasonic velocity is provided, and the method has the following defects: (1) the requirement on the test condition of the test method is higher, and the tested part of the concrete joint surface of the actual construction site does not always have the condition for testing the interface by the sound wave; (2) the test block manufactured by the experiment is small, and the test block is greatly different from the actual engineering condition. The quality of the concrete joint surface in the actual engineering cannot be detected by using the method.
Technical specification for detecting concrete defects by ultrasonic method CECS 21: 2000, a method for detecting the quality of a concrete joint surface is established, the method adopts a method of measuring or obliquely measuring the concrete joint surface, firstly, the test range covers all the joint surfaces, the oblique angle distance measurement of the connecting line of each pair of T-R1 and T-R2 transducers is equal, the sound wave of the T-R1 transducer is transmitted without passing through the joint surface, and the sound wave of the T-R2 transducer is transmitted through the joint surface. And respectively measuring the amplitude and the main frequency value of the sound of each measuring point according to the arranged measuring points. The sound time, wave amplitude and main frequency value of each measuring point are arranged in sequence from large to small, the data arranged at the back and obviously small are regarded as suspicious, statistics and discrimination are carried out on the data, and when the data of some measuring points passing through the joint surface are judged to be abnormal and no other influence factors are found out, the joint failure of the concrete at the part can be judged.
The detection object of the method is only suitable for the conditions that the two-time pouring time is short, and the strength grades of successively poured concrete are the same, has obvious application limitation, can determine whether abnormal points exist only through a large amount of statistical judgment, and cannot evaluate the bonding quality of the abnormal points efficiently and quickly.
In addition, in the prior art, methods related to detecting the bonding strength of the concrete joint surface include a direct stretching method, a single-sided direct shearing method, a double-sided direct shearing method, a compression shearing method and the like, but the common detection methods are all performed in a laboratory, cannot be operated and detected on a project site, and have obvious use limitations.
In actual engineering, because a carbonized weak layer usually exists on the concrete surface, the weak layer on the surface is usually ground and repaired and leveled manually, but even if the weak layer is damaged, the adhesive layer on the surface is often damaged due to manual operation. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN106092880A, entitled apparatus and method for on-site detection of inter-layer bonding and pulling strength of bridge deck pavement, discloses a method for on-site detection of inter-layer bonding and pulling strength of bridge deck pavement, that is, the above-mentioned core drilling bonding and pulling method, in practical engineering application, because a weak layer exists on the concrete surface, and the weak layer on the surface needs to be manually ground and repaired and leveled, the phenomenon that the surface is damaged by cementing and adhering easily occurs.
In summary, at present, few researches on how to qualitatively detect the quality of the concrete joint surface are carried out, and accurate detection of the quality of the concrete joint surface is one of the problems which are urgently needed to be solved in the technical field of engineering structure quality.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting the quality of a concrete joint surface by sound waves, which extracts a main frequency peak value in frequency domain data to perform data processing, thereby realizing the accurate detection of the bonding quality of the concrete joint surface.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
(1) arranging ultrasonic measuring points;
(2) exciting a pulse wave at a measuring point position of a concrete joint surface to be measured, and receiving a pulse signal of ultrasonic wave transmission of the concrete joint surface to be measured;
(3) carrying out data processing on the pulse signals, and extracting a main frequency peak value F of a sound wave signal frequency domain diagram of each measuring point;
(4) calculating a main frequency mean value FP of the measuring area according to the main frequency peak value of each measuring point of the measuring area;
(5) calculating the quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface by using the main frequency average value of the measuring area of the bonding interface and the main frequency average values of the new and old concrete measuring areas on the two sides of the interface;
(6) and grading the interface bonding quality according to the quality reliability coefficient z, thereby determining the quality of the concrete joint surface.
Preferably, in the step (1), the position and the trend of the steel bars in the concrete of the testing member are positioned before the ultrasonic testing points are arranged, so that the interference of the steel bars on the detection result is avoided.
Preferably, in the step (1), ultrasonic measuring point arrangement is performed on each measuring area of the concrete joint surface by using an ultrasonic oblique measuring method.
Preferably, in the step (2), the ultrasonic transducer is coupled with the concrete surface through grease.
Preferably, in the step (2), the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 100 KHz.
Preferably, in the step (3), the pulse signal is subjected to data processing by using a fast fourier transform method.
Preferably, in the step (4), the main frequency mean value F of the measurement area is calculated by formula (1)P。
Wherein, FPThe average value of the dominant frequency peak values of all the measuring points in the measuring area is shown, and F1-F3 are the dominant frequency peak values of all the measuring points in the measuring area.
Preferably, in the step (5), a calculation method of the quality reliability coefficient z is defined, and the joint surface quality reliability coefficient z is calculated by formula (2).
Wherein, FJIs the dominant frequency mean value, F, of the joint surface measurement zoneAIs the average value of dominant frequencies, F, of the old concrete measuring areaBThe mean value of the main frequency of the new concrete measuring area is obtained.
Preferably, in the step (6), the bonding quality of the concrete bonding surface is judged according to the quality reliability coefficient z of the bonding surface. When z is less than 0, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is unqualified; when z is more than 0 and less than 0.25, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is qualified; when the z is more than 0.25 and less than 0.5, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is good; when z is more than 0.5, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is good.
It is worth mentioning that when the concrete joint surfaces with different roughness are detected by ultrasonic waves, the concrete joint surfaces with different roughness are transmitted by ultrasonic waves, and the change of the dominant frequency peak value is obvious when the concrete joint surfaces with different roughness are found by comparison and analysis on a sound wave signal frequency domain diagram. The higher the interface roughness, the higher the dominant frequency value in the ultrasonic transmission bond interface region. Research by researchers at home and abroad shows that the higher the interface roughness is, the better the bonding quality of a concrete bonding interface is within a certain roughness range. Therefore, the higher the main frequency value is, the better the bonding quality of the concrete joint surface is. A calculation method of the quality reliability coefficient z is defined, the quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface is calculated by the main frequency average value of the joint surface measuring area and the main frequency average values of the new concrete measuring area and the old concrete measuring area on two sides of the interface, and the quality of the joint surface can be determined by grading the quality of the joint surface according to the quality reliability coefficient z.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1. defining a calculation method of a concrete joint surface quality reliability coefficient z, and evaluating the bonding quality of the concrete joint surface in a grading manner;
2. the invention obtains the dominant frequency mean value F of the measuring area by averaging the dominant frequency values of the measuring points in the measuring areaPBy measuring the dominant frequency mean value F of the areaPCalculating a quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface to judge the bonding quality of the concrete joint surface, wherein the judgment result is visual and accurate;
3. the defect that the quality of the concrete joint surface is difficult to directly judge in the prior art is overcome, and the bonding quality of the concrete joint surface can be judged by calculating the quality reliability coefficient of the concrete joint surface by the method;
4. the method is suitable for the field detection of the quality of the concrete joint surface under the conditions that the strength grades of new concrete and old concrete are the same and different, and has wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an algorithmic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the old concrete test piece.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the interface roughness treatment of old concrete bonding.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of casting new concrete.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of excitation transducer site placement.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of receive transducer site placement.
FIG. 7 is a transducer survey point plan view.
FIG. 8 is a time domain plot of each pair of T-R points on a 4mm roughness bonding surface.
FIG. 9 is a frequency domain plot of pairs of T-R points on a 4mm roughness bonding surface.
Fig. 10 is a graph of mean frequency values of a sound wave detection area.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Examples experimental model testing
(1) The strength grades and material mix ratios of the new and old concretes poured in this experiment are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Categories | Strength grade | Water (kg) | Cement (kg) | Sand (kg) | Stone (kg) |
| New concrete | C30 | 185 | 411 | 559 | 1245 |
| Old concrete | C40 | 185 | 420 | 572 | 1273 |
(2) The manufacturing process of the concrete bonding surface model test piece comprises the following three steps: manufacturing an old concrete test piece; carrying out roughness treatment on a bonding interface; new concrete is poured, see fig. 2-4. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the geometry of the old concrete test piece and the geometry of the new concrete test piece are 700mm × 300mm × 600mm, and 300mm × 600mm, respectively. Taking a 300 mm-600 mm plane of old concrete as a rough treatment interface, dividing the rough treatment interface into 3 areas with the same area, adopting manual roughening to roughen the bonding interface, and measuring the roughness of the bonding interface by using a sand filling method. Three concrete joint surfaces with the interface roughness of 4mm, 8mm and 12mm are manufactured through experimental design;
(3) and (4) carrying out sound wave detection on the concrete bonding surface model by adopting an ultrasonic oblique measurement method. The ultrasonic transducer measuring point arrangement is shown in figures 5-7, wherein T is an exciting transducer, R is a receiving transducer, T1-R1 are sound waves for measuring a new concrete measuring area, T2-R2 are sound waves for measuring a bonding interface measuring area, and T3-R3 are sound waves for measuring an old concrete measuring area. Three test sections of each test area are selected to be the upper area, the middle area and the lower area of the test area respectively. The ultrasonic testing instrument adopts a TH204 type multifunctional parameter testing instrument independently researched and developed by the subject group;
(4) carrying out sound wave detection on each measuring point of the test piece, carrying out data processing on the obtained sound wave signal, and extracting the measuring points of each measuring area
Substituting the dominant frequency peak value F of each measuring point into a formula (1) to calculate a dominant frequency mean value F of the measuring areaP。
Wherein, FPThe average value of the dominant frequency peak values of all the measuring points in the measuring area is shown, and F1-F3 are the dominant frequency peak values of all the measuring points in the measuring area;
(5) taking T-R sound wave data of each pair of concrete joint surfaces with the interface roughness of 4mm as an example. FIG. 8 shows a roughness of 4mm
Time domain diagrams of each pair of T-R measuring points on the joint surface;
(6) performing fast Fourier transform on the time domain signal obtained in the step (5) to obtain an acoustic wave frequency domain signal, and obtaining an acoustic wave frequency domain
The signals are shown in fig. 9. FIG. 9 is a frequency domain diagram of each pair of T-R measuring points on a bonding surface with roughness of 4 mm;
in this example, the main frequency mean values F of the concrete bonding interface measuring area and the new and old concrete measuring areas on both sides of the interface are respectivelyPThe calculations were performed and the data and results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Acoustic wave detection zone | Measuring point 1 (kHz) | Measuring point 2(kHz) | Measuring point 3(kHz) | Mean frequency (kHz) |
| 4mm roughness interface | 83 | 102.9 | 89.7 | 91.8 |
| Roughness interface of 8mm | 95.6 | 106.3 | 102.9 | 101.6 |
| 12mm roughness interface | 106.3 | 102.9 | 102.9 | 104.3 |
| New concrete | 102.9 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 100.7 |
| Old concrete | 106.3 | 109.6 | 106.3 | 107.4 |
(7) The main frequency mean value of each measuring area of the test piece is drawn into a histogram, and the chart is shown in figure 10. Substituting the main frequency mean value of each measuring area into a formula (2) to calculate a concrete joint surface quality reliability coefficient z, and grading the interface bonding quality according to the quality reliability coefficient z so as to determine the quality of the concrete joint surface.
Wherein, FJIs the dominant frequency mean value, F, of the joint surface measurement zoneAIs the average value of dominant frequencies, F, of the old concrete measuring areaBThe mean value of the main frequency of the new concrete measuring area is obtained. When z is<When 0, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is unqualified; when 0 is present<z<When 0.25 hour, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is qualified; when 0.25<z<When 0.5 hour, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is good; when z is>0.5 hour, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is good；
In this example, the mass reliability coefficients z are calculated for concrete joint surfaces with different roughness, and the mass reliability coefficients for interfaces with different roughness are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
| Type of joint surface | z | Quality grading |
| 4mm roughness interface | -1.33 | Fail (z)<0) |
| Roughness interface of 8mm | 0.13 | Qualified (0)<z<0.25） |
| 12mm roughness interface | 0.54 | Intact (z)>0.5) |
(8) As can be seen from Table 3, the quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface with the interface roughness of 4mm is-1.33, and the bonding quality of the joint surface is unqualified; the quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface with the interface roughness of 8mm is 0.13, and the bonding quality of the joint surface is qualified; the quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface with the interface roughness of 12mm is 0.54, and the bonding quality of the joint surface is good. The lack of interface roughness can lead to the bonding of new and old concrete not to be compact, and the increase of interface roughness can increase the bonding area in the bonding interface area, so that the bonding between new and old concrete is more compact, and the bonding quality is higher. According to the sound wave detection of the embodiment, the concrete joint surface with different roughness is subjected to ultrasonic transmission and has obvious frequency change, the main frequency mean values of the concrete bonding interface measuring area and the new and old concrete measuring areas on two sides of the interface are detected through the sound wave, the quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface is calculated according to the main frequency mean values of the measuring areas, and the quality of the concrete joint surface can be determined by grading the quality bonding quality of the interface according to the quality reliability coefficient z.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for detecting the quality of a concrete joint surface by sound waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) arranging ultrasonic measuring points;
(2) exciting a pulse wave at a measuring point position of a concrete joint surface to be measured, and receiving a pulse signal of ultrasonic waves transmitted through the concrete joint surface to be measured;
(3) carrying out data processing on the pulse signals, and extracting a main frequency peak value F of a sound wave signal frequency domain diagram of each measuring point;
(4) calculating the average value F of the main frequency of the measuring area according to the peak value of the main frequency of each measuring point of the measuring areaP；
(5) Calculating the quality reliability coefficient z of the joint surface by using the main frequency average value of the measuring area of the bonding interface and the main frequency values of the new and old concrete measuring areas on the two sides of the interface;
(6) grading the bonding quality of the concrete joint surface according to the quality reliability coefficient z so as to determine the quality of the concrete joint surface;
in the step (4), calculating the main frequency mean value F of the measurement area through the formula (1)P：
Wherein, FPThe average value of the dominant frequency peak values of all the measuring points in the measuring area is shown, and F1-F3 are the dominant frequency peak values of all the measuring points in the measuring area;
in the step (5), a method for calculating the quality reliability coefficient z is defined, and the joint surface quality reliability coefficient z is calculated by the formula (2):
wherein, FjIs the dominant frequency mean value, F, of the joint surface measurement zoneAIs the average value of dominant frequencies, F, of the old concrete measuring areaBThe mean value of the main frequency of the new concrete measuring area is obtained;
in the step (6), the bonding quality of the concrete bonding surface is judged according to the quality reliability coefficient z of the bonding surface, and when z is less than 0, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is unqualified; when z is more than 0 and less than 0.25, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is qualified; when the z is more than 0.25 and less than 0.5, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is good; when z is more than 0.5, the bonding quality of the bonding surface is good.
2. The method for detecting the quality of the concrete junction surface by using the sound wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the position and the direction of the steel bars in the concrete of the test member are positioned before the ultrasonic test points are arranged, so that the interference of the steel bars on the detection result is avoided.
3. The method for detecting the quality of the concrete junction surface by using the sound wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), ultrasonic measuring point arrangement is performed on each measuring area of the concrete junction surface by using an ultrasonic oblique measuring method.
4. The method for ultrasonically testing the quality of the concrete joint surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ultrasonic transducer is coupled with the concrete surface through grease.
5. The method for acoustically testing the quality of a concrete joint surface according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the frequency of the transducer is 100 KHz.
6. The method for detecting the quality of the concrete junction surface by using the acoustic wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the pulse signal is subjected to data processing by using a fast fourier transform method.
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| JP2009036590A (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-19 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Evaluation method of surface properties and surface diagnosing method of concrete |
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