CN110875608A - Low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium battery - Google Patents

Low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium battery Download PDF

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CN110875608A
CN110875608A CN201810999409.7A CN201810999409A CN110875608A CN 110875608 A CN110875608 A CN 110875608A CN 201810999409 A CN201810999409 A CN 201810999409A CN 110875608 A CN110875608 A CN 110875608A
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module
unit
charging system
charging
low
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刘明
马澄斌
方明亮
庄志豪
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Xingcheng Ltd By Share Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system of a lithium battery, which comprises a power supply module, wherein the power supply module is connected with a first resonance unit in series, the first resonance unit is electrically connected with a tuning module, the tuning module comprises a first shunt unit and a second resonance unit, the first shunt unit is electrically connected with a third resonance unit and a rectifying module, the third resonance unit is connected with the rectifying module in parallel, the rectifying module is electrically connected with a voltage stabilizing module, the voltage stabilizing module is connected with an electricity storage element in parallel, and the electricity storage element is connected with a grounding part. By means of the system structure, the tuning module can be used for enabling the charging curve with better efficiency to be obtained when the electricity storage element is charged, so that the E-type wireless quick charging effect is achieved.

Description

Low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for a lithium battery, in particular to a low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for a lithium battery, which has a better charging curve and can directly and rapidly charge the lithium battery in a wireless manner.
Background
In recent years, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) by inductive resonant coupling has started to prevail, and various electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, notebook computers, wearable devices, medical implant devices) and even electric vehicles are charged. WPTs operating at high power in kilohertz (kHz) are rapidly advancing in coil design, compensation topologies, control strategies, and the like. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the size and weight of the WPT system, it is preferable to further increase the operating frequency to several megahertz (MHz), for example, 6.78 and 13.56 MHz. This is particularly advantageous for charging of mobile devices, since a higher operating frequency will contribute to an increased spatial freedom, i.e. longer transmission distances and higher alignment tolerances of the coupling coil.
However, when operating at MHz operating frequencies, the power capabilities of the switching device may be insufficient. Currently, megahertz WPT is generally considered suitable for medium and low power applications. For MHz WPT, high switching losses occur when using conventional Power Amplifiers (PAs) and rectifiers. Due to the soft switching characteristic, the class-E power amplifier and the rectifier are expected to be candidates for constructing a high-efficiency MHz WPT system. Among them, the class-E power amplifier is applied to the MHz WPT system for the first time, and is improved due to its high efficiency and simple topology. Similarly, class E rectifiers have been proposed for use in high frequency rectification.
For application studies in WPT. The efficiency of the rectifier is reported to be as high as 94.43% at 800kHz operating frequency, and therefore the combination of a class E power amplifier and rectifier (i.e., a class E converter) is expected to enable a highly efficient wireless charging system operating at MHz.
Since lithium ion batteries with high energy density are widely used in consumer electronic devices, a typical charging curve of the lithium ion batteries generally consists of two modes, namely a Constant Current (CC) mode and a Constant Voltage (CV) mode, in order to prolong the cycle life of the batteries, the batteries are firstly charged in the CC mode, when the voltage of the batteries reaches a standard value, a charging system enters the CV mode, the charging current rapidly drops, namely, the wireless charging system must accurately provide the current and the voltage according to a specific battery charging curve.
In practical applications, the charging configuration may be monitored by input voltage control of the charging system, or by a regulating circuit between the charger and the battery, in conventional class E converters for WPT applications, the system parameters are only optimized for a single specific operating condition, i.e. the coil relative position and the final load are fixed, however, unlike conventional constant resistance loads, the battery voltage and current will vary with the charging curve.
Furthermore, the input reactance of class E rectifiers is not negligible at MHz and varies with battery voltage and current, and this significant and varying input reactance of class E rectifiers increases power losses and complicates the design of high efficiency MHz class E radio battery charging systems.
These prior approaches have been ineffective for class E wireless charging systems for wireless batteries due to the non-negligible and varying input reactance of the class E rectifier.
Therefore, how to solve the above conventional problems and disadvantages is a direction in which the applicant of the present invention and the related manufacturers engaged in the industry are keenly interested in studying and improving.
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present inventors have collected relevant information, evaluated and considered in many ways, and finally devised the present invention through continuous trial and modification with years of experience accumulated in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system which can achieve low power consumption and high efficiency by utilizing a tuning module to perform tuning and charging a lithium battery through E-type wireless charging.
Based on the above, the present invention mainly adopts the following technical means to achieve the above object.
A low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for a lithium battery comprises: a power supply module; the first resonance unit is connected with the power supply module in series; the tuning module is positioned at one side of the first resonance unit and electrically connected with the first resonance unit, and comprises a second resonance unit and a first shunt unit which are electrically connected; one end of the second shunt unit is electrically connected with the first shunt unit for current backflow; the rectifying module is positioned at one side of the first shunt unit and electrically connected with the first shunt unit for adjusting the flow direction of current; the third resonance unit is connected with the rectification module in parallel and is used for controlling the frequency of the rectification module; one end of the voltage stabilizing module is electrically connected with the rectifying module; an electricity storage element, which is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing module; and the grounding part is positioned at one side of the electricity storage element and is electrically connected with the electricity storage element.
Furthermore, the power supply module is a power supply provided by a wireless connection mode.
Further, the first resonant unit, the second resonant unit, and the third resonant unit are capacitors (capacitors).
Furthermore, the voltage stabilizing module comprises at least one voltage stabilizing capacitor.
Further, the first shunt unit and the second shunt unit are inductors (inductors).
Further, the electricity storage element is a direct current battery.
After the technical means is adopted, the invention utilizes the tuning module to carry out tuning, namely a first shunt unit and a second resonance unit are added to tune the charging curve of the lithium battery, thus directly carrying out E-class wireless quick charging with low power loss and high charging efficiency on the lithium battery, specifically, a user can give power supply through the power supply module, and tune the rectifying module through the first resonance unit and the third resonance unit in a matching way, thus stabilizing current, and reflowing the current through the second shunt unit, thus doubling the efficiency of the current passing through the rectifying module, stabilizing voltage through the voltage stabilizing module to charge the electricity storage element, changing the constant current module into a constant voltage module after the voltage in the electricity storage element is charged to a certain degree, and tuning can be carried out through the first shunt unit and the second resonance unit in the tuning module at the moment, therefore, the electricity storage element still has a better charging curve when the constant voltage power supply is charged, so as to achieve the effect of rapidly charging the electricity storage element.
By means of the technology, the problem that the conventional E-type wireless charging cannot rapidly charge the lithium battery is solved, and the advantages are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a current flow diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a charging efficiency curve chart of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of loss curves for a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a class E wireless battery charging system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a charging curve of a lithium battery according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic impedance diagram according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the coupling coil efficiency (η coil) of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the input impedance according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an LC matching network according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 11 is a relational block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
[ notation ] to show
Power supply module 1
First resonance unit 2
Tuning module 3
First flow dividing unit 31
Second resonance unit 32
Second flow dividing unit 4
Third resonance unit 51
Rectifier module 52
Voltage stabilizing module 6
Electricity storage element 7
Ground part 8
Constant voltage module (CV Mode)91
Constant current module (CC Mode)92
Charging current 93
Charging voltage 94
Resistor Rout95
Output reactance Xout96
Resistor Rin97
The input reactance Xin 98.
Detailed Description
To achieve the above objects and advantages, the present invention provides a novel and improved technical means and structure, which will be described in detail in connection with the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, from which it can be clearly seen that the present invention includes:
a power supply module 1, a first resonance unit 2, a tuning module 3, a second shunt unit 4, a third resonance unit 51, a rectification module 52, a voltage stabilizing module 6, an electric storage element 7, and a grounding part 8.
The power supply module 1 is an inductor (Inductance) for receiving power supply by wireless induction.
The first resonant unit 2 is connected in series with the power supply module 1, and the first resonant unit 2 is a capacitor (Capacitance).
The tuning module 3 is located at one side of the first resonant unit 2, and the tuning module 3 includes a second resonant unit 32 electrically connected to the first resonant unit 2, and a first shunt unit 31 electrically connected to the first resonant unit 2, where the second resonant unit 32 is a capacitor (Capacitance), and the first shunt unit 31 is an inductor (Inductance).
One end of the second current dividing unit 4 is electrically connected to the first current dividing unit 31, and the second current dividing unit 4 is an inductor (Inductance).
The rectifying module 52 is electrically connected to an end of the first shunting unit 31 away from the first resonant unit 2.
The third resonant unit 51 is connected in parallel with the rectifying module 52, and the third resonant unit 51 is a capacitor (Capacitance).
The voltage stabilizing module 6 is electrically connected to one end of the rectifying module 52, and the voltage stabilizing module 6 is a voltage stabilizing capacitor.
The electricity storage element 7 is connected with the voltage stabilizing module 6 in parallel, and the electricity storage element 7 is a direct current battery.
The ground portion 8 is connected at one side of the electric storage element 7.
With the above description, the structure of the present invention can be understood, and according to the corresponding coordination of the structure, the tuning module 3 can be used to stabilize the curve during charging, thereby performing wireless fast charging, and the detailed description will be described below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, it is shown that the block diagrams to the relationship block diagrams of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are configured, when the above components are combined, it is clear from the drawings that a user uses a wireless electromagnetic wave to induce the power supply module 1 to supply power, the first resonant unit 2 and the third resonant unit 51 tune the passing current to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), and the third resonant unit 51 can also control the frequency of the rectifier module 52, so as to convert the ac power into the dc power, and the voltage regulator module 6 can stabilize the voltage supplied to the power storage element 7, so as to charge the power storage element 7, and the second shunt unit 4 can introduce the reflowing power into the rectifier module 52 again to enhance the current passing through the rectifier module 52, so as to increase the charging efficiency.
When the voltage in the storage device 7 reaches the predetermined value, the constant current module (CC Mode)92 is changed to the constant voltage module (CV Mode)91 as shown in fig. 3, and at this time, the second resonant unit 32 in the tuning module 3 is used to tune, and the current is introduced again through the first shunting unit 31, so that the overall charging curve is more stable, and as shown in fig. 3, when the conventional charging method (L1) is changed from the constant current module (CC Mode)92 to the constant voltage module (CV Mode)91, the efficiency is rapidly reduced with time, so that the rapid charging cannot be performed, and the present invention (L2) matches the second resonant unit 32 through the first shunting unit 31, so that the overall charging curve still has a high-efficiency charging curve when the constant current module (CC Mode)92 is changed to the constant voltage module (CV Mode)91, meanwhile, as shown in fig. 4, the low-efficiency loss is maintained, so that the lithium battery can be charged quickly in a low-power-loss and high-efficiency class E wireless manner.
The charging mode is the charging efficiency generated by the class E wireless battery charging system in cooperation with the tuning module, and the derived technology and formula are as follows;
referring first to fig. 5, a conventional 6.78-MHz class E wireless battery charging system is shown.
The power amplifier consists of a Class E power amplifier (Class E PA), Coupling coils (Coupling coils), a Class E rectifier (Class E rectifier) and lithium Batteries (Batteries). Ltx and Lrx represent transmit and receive coils, respectively; rtx and rrx are Equivalent Series Resistances (ESR) of Ltx and Lrx; ctx and Crx are compensation capacitances; zin is the input impedance of the coupling coil, Zout is the input impedance seen from the receiving coil; vbat and Ibat are the battery voltage and charging current, respectively, and Vin is the output voltage.
The typical lithium battery charging Mode generally comprises two modes, namely a constant voltage module (CV Mode)92 and a constant voltage module (CV Mode)91, and it is expected that the wireless battery charging system will provide accurate charging current and voltage to meet the required charging curve, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the lithium battery charging curve. In this charging curve, the constant charging current is 1 μ a, and the constant battery voltage is 16.8V, i.e. showing a charging current 93 and charging voltage 94 curve, the variation of the charging current 93 and charging voltage 94 will affect the values of Zout and Zin, and thus the efficiency of the coupling coil and Class E power amplifier, the resulting effect becomes more apparent in a MHz Class E wireless charging system due to the highly non-linear behavior of the Class E rectifier when operating at MHz.
The performance of a classical 6.78-MHz class E radio battery charging system was investigated using well-known nonlinear Radio Frequency (RF) circuit simulation software, and during the test a half-wave class E rectifier was used and the same class E rectifier was used in the following analysis and experiments.
Referring to fig. 7, a simulation result of the obtained resistance Rout95 and output reactance Xout96 is shown in cooperation with the charging curve Zout of fig. 6, it can be seen that in the CV mode, the capacitance, i.e., the output reactance Xout96, is increased sharply, and further, in cooperation with fig. 8, it can be seen that this output reactance Xout96 has a significant effect on the efficiency η coil and the power transmission capability of the coupling coil, which may cause a sharp decrease in the efficiency η coil.
Referring also to fig. 9, simulation results of the input impedance of the coupling coil are shown. Due to the increase of the output reactance Xout96, the input impedance Zin of the resistor Rin97 and the input reactance Xin98 drops rapidly in the CV mode, and the low resistance of the input impedance Zin causes a high power loss of the transmitting coil Ltx, the equivalent series resistance rtx of the transmitting coil, and the element resistance in the class-E power amplifier. In addition, the varying resistance Rin97 and the input reactance Xin98 (i.e., the load of the PA) may have a negative impact.
As described above, following the required battery charging curve can result in variations in impedance characteristics and thus significantly affect the efficiency of the coupling coil and class E power amplifier when operating at MHz, resulting in complications for class E wireless charging systems. Referring to fig. 10, in order to reduce the influence of the varying current and voltage of the battery, an LC Matching Network (Matching Network) may be added to the classic Class E wireless charging system to form the tuning module 3 of the present invention, and the LC Matching Network (tuning module 3) is located between the Coupling coils (Coupling coils) and the Class E rectifier (Class E rectifier). It improves the load conditions of the Coupling coils (Coupling coils) and Class E power amplifiers (Class E PA) and introduces a new design freedom to optimize the overall system efficiency under the battery charging characteristics, where the compensation capacitance Ctx of the transmitting coil is absorbed into the Class E power amplifier (Class E PA), the series capacitor of C0, Ldc and Lf are the dc filter inductances of the Class E power amplifier and rectifier, respectively, and Cs is the parallel capacitor of the Class E power amplifier. Cr and Co are the shunt capacitor and dc output capacitor of a class E rectifier. Ls and Cp are the series inductance (first shunting element 31) and the parallel capacitance (second resonant element 32) of the LC matching network, respectively.
The above technique can be realized by matching with the following formula:
Figure BDA0001781678390000101
the above equation is equation 1, which is the relationship between efficiency η sys (t) and ibat (t) and vbat (t) in electromagnetic charging;
and in a specific time (t), the output power Po of the charging system is:
Po(t)=Ibat(t)Vbat(t).
the total power loss Ploss at a particular time (t) is therefore
Figure BDA0001781678390000111
η sys (t) can be calculated by substituting Ibat (t) and Vbat (t) into equation 1, and the charge configuration is divided into N parts by optimization
Figure BDA0001781678390000112
Can be defined as the following equation:
Figure BDA0001781678390000113
while the purpose of the LC matching network is to improve the load conditions of the coupling coil, Ls should be designed to partially compensate for the non-negligible reactance in the input impedance of a class E rectifier operating at MHz, i.e.:
Figure BDA0001781678390000114
a=π(1-D)+2π(1-D)sinφ1sin(φ1-2πD),
Figure BDA0001781678390000115
the ESR of rLs may then be calculated via Ls
Figure BDA0001781678390000121
Wherein;
ls is the first shunting unit 31;
cr is the third resonance unit 51;
φ1is the current value of the initial stage;
omega is the working frequency;
d is the work period of rectification;
Figure BDA0001781678390000122
the battery voltage, i.e. the voltage of the electrical storage element 7;
Figure BDA0001781678390000123
is the current during charging;
xrec can be derived from Cr,
Figure BDA0001781678390000124
And
Figure BDA0001781678390000125
determining;
QLs is the quality factor for Ls, noting that candidate Cr's are given in the design optimization process below for calculating Ls. The capacitor is finally determined as follows according to the design parameters in the following optimization;
x=[Cs,C0,Crx,Cp,Cr],
where x is a vector. Cs and C0 are parallel and series capacitors of class E PA;
crx is a compensation capacitance of the receiving coil (first resonance unit 2);
cp is the parallel capacitor of the matching network (second resonant cell 32);
cr is a parallel capacitor of a class E rectifier (third resonant unit 51);
crx is also considered a design parameter due to non-negligible Xrec, further reducing the effect of Xrec throughout the charing cycle. Thus, unlike conventional designs, the resonance of the receiving coil is not assumed in advance here.
The constant parameter (Pcon) in the optimized design of the wireless charging system is as follows
Figure BDA0001781678390000134
The problem of design optimization is expressed as follows
Figure BDA0001781678390000131
s.t.x∈(Xlower,Xupper),
Figure BDA0001781678390000132
At the minimum value of X;
Figure BDA0001781678390000133
is the average power loss;
Xlowerand XupperThe lower limit and the upper limit feasible range of X are respectively;
i and V represent the recorded battery charging curves.
Ltx and Lrx represent transmit and receive coils, respectively;
rtx and rrx are Equivalent Series Resistances (ESR) of Ltx and Lrx;
ctx and Crx are compensation capacitances;
therefore, the experimental result of the system efficiency can be derived through the above formula, and fig. 11 can be obtained, in order to obtain a relation graph of the design parameters and constants and the battery charging curve, the inductance and ESR of the class-E rectifier can be calculated through the variable X in a certain range and the I, V given by the battery charging curve, and then the system power consumption can be calculated through the fixed variable Pcon.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention should be construed as being covered by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Therefore, the technical key point of the low-energy consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for the lithium battery, which is disclosed by the invention, for improving the conventional use is as follows:
the tuning module 3 is used for stabilizing the charging curve, and the E-type wireless rapid charging for performing low-power loss and high-efficiency charging on the lithium battery is achieved through a simple design.
In summary, the low-energy consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium batteries of the present invention can achieve the effects and purposes thereof.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a wireless charging system of low energy consumption high frequency of lithium cell which characterized in that contains:
a power supply module;
the first resonance unit is connected with the power supply module in series;
the tuning module is positioned at one side of the first resonance unit and electrically connected with the first resonance unit, and comprises a second resonance unit and a first shunt unit which are electrically connected;
one end of the second shunt unit is electrically connected with the first shunt unit for current backflow;
the rectifying module is positioned at one side of the first shunt unit and electrically connected with the first shunt unit for adjusting the flow direction of current;
the third resonance unit is connected with the rectification module in parallel and is used for controlling the frequency of the rectification module;
one end of the voltage stabilizing module is electrically connected with the rectifying module;
an electricity storage element, which is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing module; and
and the grounding part is positioned at one side of the electricity storage element and is electrically connected with the electricity storage element.
2. The low-energy consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power supply module is a power supply provided by a wireless connection mode.
3. The low-energy consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first resonant unit, the second resonant unit and the third resonant unit are capacitors.
4. The low-energy consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the voltage stabilizing module comprises at least one voltage stabilizing capacitor.
5. The low-energy consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first shunt unit and the second shunt unit are inductors.
6. The low-energy consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electricity storage element is a DC battery.
CN201810999409.7A 2018-08-29 2018-08-29 Low-energy-consumption high-frequency wireless charging system for lithium battery Pending CN110875608A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114374007A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-19 常州智戌新能源电力科技有限公司 Power lithium battery barrier breaking machine and power lithium battery charging method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114374007A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-19 常州智戌新能源电力科技有限公司 Power lithium battery barrier breaking machine and power lithium battery charging method
CN114374007B (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-11-08 常州智戌新能源电力科技有限公司 Power lithium battery barrier breaking machine and power lithium battery charging method

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