CN110873825A - Method for determining a faulty DUT antenna and measurement system - Google Patents
Method for determining a faulty DUT antenna and measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110873825A CN110873825A CN201811018336.5A CN201811018336A CN110873825A CN 110873825 A CN110873825 A CN 110873825A CN 201811018336 A CN201811018336 A CN 201811018336A CN 110873825 A CN110873825 A CN 110873825A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
- G01R29/105—Radiation diagrams of antennas using anechoic chambers; Chambers or open field sites used therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
Abstract
A method of identifying performance deviations between at least two DUT antennas (14) by employing a measurement antenna array (12) to determine a faulty DUT antenna (14) is disclosed. Setting a first predetermined coupling profile (22) in a region allocated to at least two DUT antennas (14) via the measurement antenna array (12). At least one operating parameter for the first coupling profile (22) is measured. Then, a second predetermined coupling profile (24) is set in the region allocated to the at least two DUT antennas (14) via the measurement antenna array (12). At least one operating parameter for the second coupling profile (24) is measured, and a performance deviation between the at least two DUT antennas (14) is identified based on the measurement of the at least one operating parameter. Furthermore, a measurement system (10) is disclosed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a measurement system for determining a faulty DUT antenna by identifying a performance deviation between at least two DUT antennas.
Background
According to the new 5G standard, data transmission between different communication devices (e.g. between a mobile device and a base station) relies on a large number of antenna communication paths or rather communication channels, which are often referred to as "massive MIMO".
However, some of these communication paths may suffer from defective hardware and/or software problems, which may significantly limit the bandwidth of the respective communication paths, thereby reducing the overall data transmission rate between the communication devices.
Identifying such defective communication paths is important to ensure that the communication network is able to provide its users with the maximum possible data transmission bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a measurement system which enable a reliable determination of faulty device antennas (DUT antennas) by identifying performance deviations between several DUT antennas.
According to the present invention, this problem is solved by a method for determining a faulty DUT antenna by identifying a performance deviation between at least two DUT antennas with a measurement antenna array configured to establish communication between the DUT antennas and the measurement antenna array. The method comprises the following steps: setting (set) a first predetermined coupling distribution in the area allocated to the at least two DUT antennas via the measurement antenna array. At least one operating parameter for the first coupling profile is measured. Then, a second predetermined coupling profile is set in the region allocated to the at least two DUT antennas via the measurement antenna array. At least one operating parameter for the second coupling profile is measured, and a performance deviation between the at least two DUT antennas is identified based on the measurement of the at least one operating parameter. The first and second predetermined coupling profiles each represent a strength of electromagnetic coupling between the measurement antenna array and the respective area, wherein the first and second predetermined coupling profiles are different from each other.
The present invention is based on the idea to identify performance deviations by setting up different measurement conditions by adjusting the coupling between the measurement antenna array and the DUT antenna instead of moving the detector probe to a new position for each measurement.
In other words, the measurement antenna array remains stationary during several measurements and does not need to be moved between individual measurements, thus enabling a simple and fast identification of performance deviations between at least two DUT antennas.
Due to the identified performance deviation, a faulty DUT antenna can be properly determined. A faulty DUT antenna may involve the antenna element itself or another component connected to the antenna element, such as a radio frequency transceiver.
In general, a DUT antenna may refer to a Device Under Test (DUT). The corresponding DUT antenna is used to establish the communication path.
The coupling profile may be set by adjusting the weighting factors of the signals received and/or transmitted by each of the respective measurement antennas, wherein each weighting factor is typically a complex number. In other words, the coupling profile indicates which part of the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the measuring antenna array reaches a particular DUT antenna and vice versa. In particular, a complex weighting factor is set for each measurement antenna for the measurement antenna array, respectively, to adapt the coupling distribution appropriately.
The measurement of at least one operating parameter during different coupling profiles ensures that a faulty DUT antenna can be located. In effect, the respective region assigned to the DUT antenna is identified as having a performance deviation from at least one other region previously tested. Alternatively or additionally, the performance deviation is determined while taking into account the specifications of the respective antenna elements of the DUT antenna, which may lead to performance deviations (from the specifications).
The measured at least one operating parameter may be stored for each of the coupling profiles applied during the test. Accordingly, the respective values of the at least one operating parameter may be compared with each other at a later time.
In particular, the measurement antenna array and the DUT antenna are configured to generate and/or receive electromagnetic Radio Frequency (RF) signals.
The identified performance deviation may be based on at least one damaged component, poor performance of at least one component and/or a faulty connection of at least one component, wherein at least one component is assigned to a communication path or rather a DUT antenna.
According to an aspect of the invention, the predetermined coupling profile is set by adjusting the transmission characteristics of the measuring antenna array. Thus, a first and a second predetermined electromagnetic field distribution are generated in the region assigned to the DUT antenna, which electromagnetic field distributions correspond to the first and the second predetermined coupling distributions, respectively. In other words, for each measurement of an operating parameter, the respective DUT antennas are biased with different electromagnetic fields, which allows for identifying performance deviations between the respective DUT antennas.
According to a further aspect of the invention, for each of the predetermined coupling profiles, the intensity profile of the electromagnetic field generated via the measuring antenna array is larger in the region assigned to one of the DUT antennas than in the region assigned to at least one remaining DUT antenna. Thus, a global maximum of the intensity distribution is assigned to one of the DUT antennas, which means that the performance of that particular DUT antenna contributes more to the measured operating parameter than the remaining DUT antennas. Instead, the measured operating parameter is indicative of the performance of that particular DUT antenna. Thus, comparing different measured operating parameters allows identifying performance deviations between the individual DUT antennas in a simple manner.
In one embodiment of the invention, at least one operating parameter is measured via a measuring antenna array and/or via a DUT antenna. More specifically, Radio Frequency (RF) signals generated by the measurement antenna array may be measured via the DUT antenna, RF signals generated by the DUT antenna may be measured via the measurement antenna array and/or RF signals generated by the measurement antenna array may induce the DUT antenna to generate a response RF signal, which is then measured via the measurement antenna array.
Accordingly, a signal generator (in particular a vector signal generator) and/or a measuring device may be connected in a signal-transmitting manner to the measuring antenna array and/or the DUT antenna.
In another embodiment of the invention, the first predetermined coupling profile and the second predetermined coupling profile are set by adjusting reception characteristics of the measuring antenna array. Only a proportion of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the respective DUT antennas is received by the measuring antenna array, wherein the predetermined coupling profile represents the proportion.
In particular, the reception characteristic is adjusted to have a global maximum assigned to one of the DUT antennas and a lower value at the remaining DUT antennas (in particular the regions respectively assigned to the DUT antennas). This means that the performance of that particular DUT antenna assigned to the global maximum contributes more to the measured operating parameter than the remaining DUT antennas. Instead, the measured operating parameter is indicative of the performance of that particular DUT antenna. Thus, comparing different measured operating parameters allows identifying performance deviations between the individual DUT antennas in a simple manner.
Electromagnetic waves may be generated via the DUT antenna and received via the measurement antenna array in order to measure at least one operating parameter. In particular, the respective DUT antennas may be controlled to generate electromagnetic waves uniformly, i.e. each DUT antenna generates equal electromagnetic waves.
Preferably, the at least one operating parameter comprises a figure of merit. Thus, the operating parameters are characteristic of the performance of the DUT antennas and allow for simple identification of performance deviations between DUT antennas by simply comparing the different operating parameters (particularly without further calculations).
In particular, the at least one operating parameter comprises an error vector magnitude, an adjacent channel leakage ratio, a sensitivity and/or a spectral emission mask. These quantities are particularly suitable as a reference for the DUT antenna, since they represent errors that must be minimized in the communication system.
In another embodiment of the invention, the measurement antenna array is arranged in the near field region of the DUT antenna. This allows the predetermined coupling profile to be set in a particularly accurate manner, since the distance between the measuring antenna array and the DUT antenna is small, thereby enabling a more accurate detection of faults.
In other words, the measuring antenna array may comprise beam forming or rather beam forming elements such that a radiation pattern with a narrow main lobe (main lobe) is provided, which may be steered (stepped) in a controlled manner. The radiation pattern provided typically relates to the coupling profile applied.
For steering purposes, the individual measuring antennas of the measuring antenna array are controlled in particular in a complex manner in order to steer the respective main lobe along different regions of the device under test having at least two DUT antennas. Thus, the DUT antenna senses through the main lobe of the radiation pattern.
In practice, the main lobe is steered so as to reach at least two different measurement positions, which involve at least two sets of predetermined coupling profiles. Then, at least one operating parameter is measured for the respective measurement location or rather the coupling profile.
In general, measuring the radiation pattern of an antenna array may define its transmission and/or reception characteristics.
According to the invention, the problem is also solved by a measurement system comprising a measurement antenna array, a measurement device, a control unit and at least two DUT antennas, wherein the measurement antenna array is configured to establish communication between the DUT antennas and the measurement antenna array. The measurement antenna array is configured to accommodate a coupling profile between the DUT antenna and the measurement antenna array. The measurement device is connected in signal transmission to the measurement antenna array and/or the DUT antenna, wherein the measurement device is configured to measure at least one operating parameter of the DUT antenna. The control unit is configured to perform the above-described method. With regard to advantages, reference is made to the explanations given above.
Preferably, the measurement antenna array is arranged in the near field region of the DUT antenna. This allows the predetermined coupling profile to be set in a particularly accurate manner due to the small distance between the measuring antenna array and the DUT antenna, thereby enabling a more accurate detection of a failure of at least one DUT antenna.
The measurement device may be configured as at least one of a vector signal analyzer, a power meter, a vector network analyzer, an oscilloscope, and a communication signal tester.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the DUT antennas are arranged in an array of DUT antennas. Thus, the device under test may have a DUT antenna array that includes several DUT antennas. Each of the DUT antennas may be part of a different communication path for MIMO communication between different devices, particularly between a mobile device and a base station.
In general, near field measurements allow focusing on the DUT antenna, simplifying the measurements to identify performance deviations.
Furthermore, the method and the measurement system ensure that one faulty DUT antenna or a group of faulty DUT antennas can be determined due to different coupling profiles applied for measurement purposes.
In general, communication can be established by using all DUT antennas of the device under test. In other words, the device under test communicates with the measurement antenna array while using all of the DUT antennas.
This ensures that faults can be determined which become apparent only if all DUT antennas, in particular all antenna elements, are in operation. For example, an antenna element may become faulty due to heat dissipation by other antenna elements. When operating all antenna elements, the heat dissipation is higher compared to operating only one other antenna element.
In general, two to all DUT antennas may be selected for corresponding testing.
Drawings
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of the claimed subject matter will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
figure 1 schematically shows a measuring system according to the invention;
FIG. 2 schematically shows a flow chart of a method for identifying performance deviations between at least two DUT antennas according to the invention;
fig. 3 shows the measurement system of fig. 1 with a superimposed first coupling profile; and
fig. 4 shows the measuring system of fig. 1 with a superimposed second coupling profile.
Detailed Description
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings, wherein like numerals represent like elements, is intended as a description of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter and is not intended to represent the only embodiments. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is provided by way of example or illustration only and should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The illustrative examples provided herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a measurement system 10 comprising a measurement antenna array 12, several Device Under Test (DUT) antennas 14 arranged in a DUT antenna array 15 of a DUT, a control unit 16 and a measurement device 18.
The measurement antenna array 12 comprises several individual measurement antennas 20 arranged in a row in a common plane or in two or three dimensions in any suitable manner, e.g. concentric rings around a common intermediate axis.
The control unit 16 is connected to the measuring antenna array 12. The control unit 16 may comprise several control elements 21, wherein one control element 21 is assigned to each measuring antenna 20. In other words, each measuring antenna 20 is assigned its own control element 21, which serves to individually control the respective measuring antenna 20.
Furthermore, the control unit 16 may be connected in a signal-transmitting manner (depicted by a dashed line in fig. 1) to the DUT antenna 14.
Therefore and in the following, the term "signalling" will be understood to include being based on wired and wireless connections.
In particular, the control unit 16 comprises a vector signal generator configured to generate a Radio Frequency (RF) signal and to forward the RF signal to the measurement antenna 20 and/or the DUT antenna 14. Alternatively, the DUT antenna 14 receives signals controlled by the control unit 16 from an internal signal generator of the device under test.
The measuring antennas 20 may each be connected in a signaling manner (in particular via the control unit 16) to the measuring device 18.
The number of DUT antennas 14 may each include a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver connected to a corresponding antenna element. Thus, the DUT antennas 14 are each configured to receive and transmit radio frequency signals.
In particular, each DUT antenna 14 is part of a communication path in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication network, particularly a massive MIMO communication network that conforms to the 5G standard. For example, the measurement antenna array 12 and the DUT antenna array 15 may establish MIMO communication for testing purposes.
Thus, each of several DUT antennas 14 may be signally connected to the measurement device 18.
With respect to RF frequency signals and associated typical wavelengths, the measurement antenna 20 is disposed in the near field region of the DUT antenna 14.
The control unit 16 is configured to perform a method for determining a faulty DUT antenna 14 by identifying performance deviations between DUT antennas 14, which will be described below with reference to fig. 2 to 4.
First, communication between the measurement antenna array 12 and each of the DUT antennas 14 is established via the measurement antenna array 12 (step S1).
Now, a first predetermined coupling profile 22(cf. fig. 3) is set in the areas allocated to several DUT antennas 14 (step S2), wherein the coupling profile 22 represents the coupling strength between the measuring antenna array 12 and the respective area. In practice, the coupling profile 22 corresponds to a certain radiation pattern, for example a radiation pattern with a narrow main lobe directed to a certain area or rather at least one DUT antenna 14.
In other words, the first predetermined coupling profile is set in the spatial region in which the receive and/or transmit part of the DUT antenna 14 is located. In addition, the first predetermined coupling profile 22 may also be provided for other areas (but is not required).
Essentially, the first predetermined coupling profile 22 is set by adapting the transmission and/or reception characteristics of the measuring antenna array 12. This may be achieved by adjusting the weighting factors of the signals received and/or transmitted by each of the respective measurement antennas 20, where each weighting factor is typically a complex number. In particular, the weighting factors are adjusted by the control element 21. The weighting factors may also be used to appropriately adapt the radiation pattern of the measuring antenna array 12.
In other words, the first predetermined coupling profile 22 represents a strength profile of an electromagnetic RF field generated via the measurement antenna array 12 or a directional characteristic of the measurement antenna array 12 when receiving RF signals.
As can be seen in fig. 3, the first predetermined coupling profile 22 is larger in the area allocated to the first DUT antenna 14 'than in the area allocated to the remaining DUT antennas 14, i.e. the global maximum of the first predetermined coupling profile 22 is located in the area allocated to the first DUT antenna 14'. Thus, spatially focused receive and/or transmit characteristics of the measurement antenna array 12 are obtained in the region assigned to the first DUT antenna 14'.
RF signals are now generated via the measurement antenna array 12 and/or via the DUT antenna 14 (step S3).
If an RF signal is generated via the DUT antenna 14, the RF signal is received via the measurement antenna array 12 and the corresponding measurement signal is forwarded to the measurement device 18 (step S4), where the individual measurement signals generated by the measurement antenna 20 are weighted with the corresponding weighting factors and added together to provide the measurement signal.
Similarly, if an RF signal is generated via the measurement antenna array 12, the RF signal is received via the DUT antenna 14 and the corresponding measurement signal is forwarded to the measurement device 18 (step S4). Alternatively or additionally, RF signals generated via the measurement antenna array 12 may induce the DUT antenna 14 to generate a response signal, which in turn may be received via the measurement antenna array 12, and the corresponding measurement signal may be forwarded to the measurement device 18.
The measurement device 18 processes the measurement signal to extract a first value of an operating parameter of the DUT antenna 14. The operating parameters preferably include a figure of merit of the DUT antenna 14, such as error vector magnitude, adjacent channel leakage ratio, sensitivity, and/or spectral emission mask. Thus, the value of the operating parameter gives an indication of the performance of the DUT antenna 14 (more specifically, the performance of the first DUT antenna 14').
The first value of the operating parameter may be stored in the measuring device 18, forwarded to the control unit 16 and/or stored in the control unit 16.
Next, a second predetermined coupling profile 24(cf. fig. 4) is set via the measuring antenna array 12 (step S5), which is different from the first predetermined coupling profile 22.
As can be seen in fig. 4, the second coupling profile 24 is larger in the area allocated to the second DUT antenna 14 "than in the area allocated to the remaining DUT antennas 14. In other words, the maximum of the coupling profile is shifted to the area allocated to the second DUT antenna 14 ″. Thus, spatially focused receive and/or transmit characteristics of the measurement antenna array 12 are obtained in the region allocated to the second DUT antenna 14 ″.
Steps S4 and S5 are then repeated for the second predetermined coupling profile 24 (step S6), thereby obtaining a second value of the operating parameter that gives an indication of the performance of the second DUT antenna 14 ".
The above steps may be repeated for all remaining DUT antennas 14, which may be summarized as follows:
-transferring the maximum of the coupling profile to another DUT antenna 14; and
-repeating steps S4 and S5 for the new coupling profile.
In this way, the operating parameters for each of the DUT antennas 14 are obtained. Thus, an indication of the performance of each of the DUT antennas 14 is obtained.
Additionally, one or more coupling profiles 24 may be directed to the area allocated to several DUT antennas 14 in the first step. Once a performance deviation is identified, focusing can be used so that several sub-regions of the region with power deviation are tested separately to determine a faulty DUT antenna 14.
Based on the obtained operating parameters, performance deviations between the respective DUT antennas 14 are identified (step S7). This is possible because each measured operating parameter is a performance characteristic of a particular DUT antenna 14.
In particular, the poor performing DUT antennas 14 may be identified and located using the methods described above and may be replaced later.
Claims (13)
1. A method for determining a faulty DUT antenna (14) by employing a measurement antenna array (12) to identify performance deviations between at least two DUT antennas (14), wherein the measurement antenna array (12) is configured to establish communication between the DUT antenna (14) and the measurement antenna array (12), the method comprising the steps of:
-setting a first predetermined coupling profile (22) via the measuring antenna array (12) in a region allocated to the at least two DUT antennas (14);
-measuring at least one operating parameter for the first coupling profile (22);
-setting a second predetermined coupling profile (24) via the measuring antenna array (12) in the region allocated to the at least two DUT antennas (14);
-measuring at least one operating parameter for the second coupling profile (24); and
-identifying a performance deviation between the at least two DUT antennas (14) based on the measurement of the at least one operating parameter;
wherein the first and second predetermined coupling profiles (22, 24) each represent a strength of electromagnetic coupling between the measurement antenna array (12) and the respective region, and wherein the first and second predetermined coupling profiles (22, 24) are different from each other.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined coupling profile (22, 24) is set by adjusting the transmission characteristics of the measuring antenna array (12).
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that for each of the predetermined coupling profiles (22, 24), the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic field generated via the measurement antenna array (12) is larger in a region allocated to one of the DUT antennas (14', 14 ") than in a region allocated to at least one remaining DUT antenna (14).
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the at least one operating parameter is measured via the measuring antenna array (12) and/or via the DUT antenna (14).
5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second predetermined coupling profiles (22, 24) are set by adjusting reception characteristics of the measuring antenna array (12).
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that electromagnetic waves are generated via the DUT antenna (14) and received via the measurement antenna array (12) in order to measure the at least one operating parameter.
7. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one operating parameter comprises a figure of merit.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one operating parameter comprises an error vector magnitude, an adjacent channel leakage ratio, a sensitivity, and/or a spectral emission mask.
9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring antenna array (12) is arranged in the near field region of the DUT antenna (14).
10. A measurement system (10) for determining a faulty DUT antenna (14), the measurement system (10) comprises a measurement antenna array (12), a measurement device (18), a control unit (16) and at least two DUT antennas (14), wherein the measurement antenna array (12) is configured to establish communication between the DUT antenna (14) and the measurement antenna array (12), wherein the measurement antenna array (12) is configured to adapt a coupling profile between the DUT antenna (14) and the measurement antenna array (12), wherein the measurement device (18) is connected in a signal-transmitting manner to the measurement antenna array (12) and/or to the DUT antenna (14), wherein the measurement device (18) is configured to measure at least one operating parameter of the DUT antenna (14), and wherein the control unit (16) is configured to perform the method according to any of the preceding claims.
11. The measurement system (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the measurement antenna array (12) is arranged in the near field region of the DUT antenna (14).
12. The measurement system (10) of claim 10 or 11, wherein the measurement device (18) is configured as at least one of a vector signal analyzer, a power meter, a vector network analyzer, an oscilloscope, and a communication signal tester.
13. The measurement system (10) according to any of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the DUT antenna (14) is arranged in a DUT antenna array (15).
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