CN110867819A - Arc light detection method and device - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
- H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
- H02H1/0023—Using arc detectors sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
- H02H1/0069—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals by means of light or heat rays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
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Abstract
The invention provides an arc light detection method, which comprises the following steps: step S1, an arc light sensor is arranged in a small chamber of the switch cabinet to be monitored, and the arc light sensor is used for receiving arc light signals and forming a uniform secondary light body; step S2, transmitting the optical signal emitted by the secondary luminous body to a protection device, completing photoelectric conversion by the protection device, and collecting the converted original electrical signal at a fixed sampling frequency; and step S3, the protection device judges whether a fault occurs or not according to the power frequency variable quantity current criterion through arc light signal matching retrieval and the combination of the collected electric signals, and if the fault occurs, the protection device gives an alarm or trips. The arc light detection method provided by the invention can effectively isolate strong and weak current, and can monitor arc light signals in an all-around, real-time and safe manner. The invention also provides an arc light detection device applying the arc light detection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medium and low voltage bus relay protection, in particular to an arc light fault detection method and device.
Background
At present, a medium-voltage system in a power grid structure in China, namely 10kV and 35kV grades, is mostly led out by a closed middle cabinet through a cable, and because a plurality of outgoing lines exist, the operation is frequent, the running current is large, the fault overvoltage is high, the safety distance of equipment is different from that of high-voltage equipment, the manufacturing quality has a descending trend in recent years, and the probability of short-circuit accidents is high.
The consequence of bus failure is that the gas produced by the bus rapidly expands to cause explosion of the switch cabinet; the high temperature of the electric arc causes the copper bar, the aluminum bar and the cable to be burnt; the switching device vibrates strongly, resulting in loosening of the fixing parts; high temperature, strong light, harmful gases, fragment splashing, explosion sound, etc. can cause personal injury.
Because in the current relay protection procedure, the medium-voltage bus and the low-voltage bus do not require special protection, aiming at the situation, the traditional solution comprises the following steps:
1) the bus fault is removed by the backup overcurrent protection, setting matching is considered, the protection action time is generally more than 1.0s, the removal time is long, and the bus fault is always continuously developed into a more serious fault after the fault occurs, the developed fault is very large in impact and damage to a medium-low voltage distribution device or a main transformer, the equipment is large in damage degree, even is burnt out, and production operation is influenced;
2) the overcurrent protection of the reverse locking incoming line of the feeder line overcurrent element is adopted, the typical protection action time is 100ms, but the wiring construction is complicated, and the locking loop has no monitoring mechanism and cannot monitor whether the locking loop is normal or not in real time;
3) the protection principle is widely applied to high-voltage buses of 110kV and above by adopting conventional current differential bus protection, the effect is good, the typical protection action time is 30-45ms, but due to the fact that CT of a medium-voltage system and CT of a low-voltage system are easily saturated, protection misoperation can be caused, the number of device branches hardly meets the requirement of outgoing line intervals, and the protection application is limited.
In order to solve the problems, the method for judging the arc light fault adopted by the special medium-low voltage bus relay protection device which is used in the prior engineering in China at present is analyzed and summarized as follows:
1) and part of products adopt an active optical sensor to collect optical signals, complete photoelectric signal conversion in the switch cabinet and complete signal transmission through cables. The optical sensor in the mode has low manufacturing cost, but a weak current signal is introduced into the strong current switch chamber, the weak voltage signal in the transmission process is easily subjected to electromagnetic interference of the installation environment, and the reliability is reduced.
2) Some products adopt a passive optical sensor to collect optical signals, but the difference of the photosensitive effect of the sensor in the full field angle range of 180 degrees right in front of the optical sensor is large, and the performance is not consistent with the performance marked in the product specification, so that the monitoring range is reduced, and even a monitoring dead zone is generated.
3) The electric quantity auxiliary criterion of the existing product adopts an incoming current amplitude criterion and a zero sequence current criterion, the fault detection speed under partial fault conditions is low, and the overall performance of the protection device is influenced.
In summary, in order to ensure safe operation of the transformer and the bus switch device, a fast and reliable arc light detection device is urgently needed; since the arc light is an accidental phenomenon and the state of the system needs to be detected in real time, an arc light detection method and an arc light detection device with a self-detection system are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of insufficient reliability, insufficient monitoring range, low detection speed and the like in the conventional arc light fault judgment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
An arc light detection method comprising the steps of: step S1, an arc light sensor is arranged in a small chamber of the switch cabinet to be monitored, and the arc light sensor is used for receiving arc light signals and forming a uniform secondary light body; step S2, transmitting the optical signal emitted by the secondary luminous body to a protection device, completing photoelectric conversion by the protection device, and collecting the converted original electrical signal at a fixed sampling frequency; and step S3, the protection device judges whether a fault occurs or not according to the power frequency variable quantity current criterion through arc light signal matching retrieval and the combination of the collected electric signals, and if the fault occurs, the protection device gives an alarm or trips.
An arc light detection device, comprising: an arc light detector, located in a switchgear cabinet cell, comprising: the device comprises a protective cover, a light diffusion film and an optical fiber coupling part, wherein the light diffusion film is plated on the inner surface of the protective cover and is used for diffusing arc light entering the protective cover and enabling the arc light detector to form a cosine radiator; the optical fiber coupling part is used for coupling the light emitted by the cosine radiating body to the optical transmission cable; and the protection device is used for receiving the optical signal transmitted by the transmission optical cable, performing photoelectric conversion, further acquiring an electric signal, judging whether a fault occurs by using the optical signal and the electric signal, and giving an alarm or tripping if the fault occurs.
Compared with the prior art, the arc light detection method and the arc light detection device provided by the invention can avoid introducing weak current into a strong current area, and realize effective isolation of strong current and weak current; the safety of equipment in a weak current area is prevented from being threatened, and the arc light detector can monitor all-around arc light signals right in front of the arc light detector, so that the arc light fault can be detected safely and in real time.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an arc light detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an arc light detector used in the arc light detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of frequency response characteristics of different photodetectors provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an arc light detection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an arc light detection method according to a first embodiment of the invention.
And step S1, installing an arc light sensor in the small chamber of the switch cabinet to be monitored, wherein the arc light sensor is used for receiving arc light signals and forming a uniform secondary light.
As shown in fig. 2, the arc light detector 100 is a passive light emitting device without an external operating power supply, and includes a protective cover 101, a light diffusion film 102, an optical fiber coupling portion 103, and a switch cabinet chamber to be monitored, and is capable of receiving incident light in any direction within a full field angle range of 180 degrees right in front, and realizing omnidirectional arc light signal monitoring.
The protective cover 101 is made of quartz glass, or optical plastics such as transparent PMMA, PC and the like, and the geometric shape is spherical or ellipsoidal.
The light diffusion film 102 is evaporated on the inner surface of the protective cover 101, so that the frequency response of the arc light detector 100 falls within a wave band in which arc light is generated, the sensitivity of the optical sensor is improved, and interference of other light waves is avoided.
When the light diffusion film 102 in the arc light sensor 100 receives incident light from the outside, a uniform secondary light emitter is formed in the protective cover 101, and the luminous intensity of the secondary light emitter in different directions conforms to lambert's law, that is, the cosine law of luminous intensity, which is a cosine radiator, and the expression is:
I＝I0cos α formula (1)
Wherein I represents the luminous intensity, the amount of luminous flux emitted in a unit solid angle in a given direction, unit Kam (Della), I0Representing the intensity of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the area ds of the light-emitting micro-elements, α representing I0And the included angle with the I.
The optical fiber coupling portion 103 is located at the rear end of the protective cover 101, and is used for coupling light emitted from the secondary light emitter to the transmission optical fiber 300. The optical fiber coupling part 103 may be a spherical lens (G-lens), a self-focusing lens (C-lens) or an optical fiber lens, or may be directly coupled by a special optical fiber, and the optical fiber coupling part 103 is omitted.
And step S2, transmitting the optical signal emitted by the secondary luminous body to a protection device, completing photoelectric conversion by the protection device, and collecting the converted electric signal at a fixed sampling frequency.
Specifically, the optical signal emitted by the secondary light emitter is optically coupled to the transmission optical cable 300 through the optical fiber coupling system (e.g., the optical fiber coupling portion 103), and then transmitted to the photodetector located in the protection device 200 through the transmission optical cable 300, and the photodetector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and the frequency response characteristics (as shown in fig. 3) of different photodetectors are utilized to implement the optical frequency-selecting and band-pass function.
The transmission optical cable 300 may be a large-core plastic optical fiber or a large-numerical-aperture quartz multimode optical fiber, which has the following advantages: analog optical signals are transmitted in the optical sensors in the weak current area and the strong current area, and the interference of an electromagnetic field of a field installation environment can be avoided.
And step S3, the protection device judges whether a fault occurs or not according to the power frequency variable quantity current criterion through arc light signal matching retrieval and the collected electric signals, and if the fault occurs, the protection device gives an alarm or trips.
And a receiving and transmitting module is arranged between the board cards of the protection device, and the optical signals acquired and converted by each optical sensor are rapidly transmitted. Preferably, the optical signal is transmitted by adopting IEC61850 process layer technology, and the transmission frequency can be set to be 3.0 kHz-6.0 kHz. The IEC61850-9-2 standard is a digital substation process layer standard, which specifies a specific communication service mapping for communication between bay layers and process layers and specifies a network transmission mode for sampling values. Based on the international standard, the embodiment enables the collected digital optical signals to be rapidly communicated and interacted in the protection device, and meets the real-time requirement of rapid detection of the arc light fault. The communication technology has the characteristics of openness, self-adaptability and high real-time performance, and provides communication guarantee for the successful implementation of the embodiment.
The protection device 200 samples an original electrical signal obtained by photoelectric conversion, namely, a secondary side current of an incoming line current transformer TA, at a fixed sampling frequency to obtain an electrical signal: three-phase current IA、IB、ICAnd a current signal criterion is formed by adopting a power frequency variation principle. The protection device 200 obtains the optical signal criterion through arc optical signal matching retrieval. The current signal criterion and the optical signal criterion and gate output an arc light protection action sign, and if a fault occurs, the protection device 200 gives an alarm or trips.
The current signal criterion based on the power frequency variation principle is specifically explained as follows: the protection element for reflecting the phase current power frequency variation adopts a floating threshold, the unbalanced output of the variation during normal operation and system oscillation automatically forms a self-adaptive threshold, the floating threshold is always slightly higher than the unbalanced output, and the protection device has high sensitivity due to small unbalanced component during normal operation. When the phase current variable quantity is larger than the setting value, the current signal criterion meets the following conditions:
ΔIΦΦ>kΔIΦΦt+ΔIΦΦthformula (2)
Wherein: delta IΦΦIs a three-phase current IA、IB、ICThe respective amounts of current change.
ΔIΦΦtThe variable quantity output is increased, and the variable quantity output is gradually and automatically increased; k is 1.2-1.3 times, so that the voltage of the threshold is always slightly higher than the unbalanced output; delta IΦΦthThe threshold is fixed, the starting value of the current variation is set according to the maximum value of the current fluctuation of the normal load, and 0.2-0.3 In can be selected.
The arc light detection method provided by the embodiment adopts the arc light detector to collect and transmit the arc light signals, the arc light signals are transmitted through the reliable transmission system, and finally the arc light protection action mark is formed together according to the electric signal criterion and the optical signal criterion, so that the aim of detecting the working state of the system in real time is achieved.
Referring to fig. 4, an arc light detecting device 10 according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes an arc light detector 100, a protection device 200, and a transmission cable 300 between the arc light detector 100 and the protection device 200.
The arc light detector 100 is a passive light emitting device without providing a working power supply from the outside, and the specific structure can refer to fig. 2, and the arc light detector comprises a protective cover 101, a light diffusion film 102, an optical fiber coupling part 103, and a switch cabinet chamber 105 which is located in need of monitoring, and can receive incident light in any direction within a full field angle range of 180 degrees right ahead, so that all-around arc light signal monitoring can be realized.
The protective cover 101 is made of quartz glass, or optical plastics such as transparent PMMA, PC and the like, and the geometric shape is spherical or ellipsoidal. The light diffusion film 102 is evaporated on the inner surface of the protective cover 101, so that the frequency response of the arc light detector 100 falls within a wave band in which arc light is generated, the sensitivity of the optical sensor is improved, and interference of other light waves is avoided. When the light diffusion film 102 receives incident light from the outside, a uniform secondary light emitter, which is a cosine radiator, is formed in the protection cover 101.
The optical fiber coupling unit 103 is located behind the protective cover 101, and couples light emitted from the secondary light emitter to the transmission optical fiber 300. The optical fiber coupling part 103 may be a spherical lens (G-lens), a self-focusing lens (C-lens) or an optical fiber lens, or may be directly coupled by a special optical fiber, and the optical fiber coupling part 103 is omitted.
The transmission fiber 300 preferably uses a large-core plastic fiber or a large-numerical-aperture quartz multimode fiber for transmitting the optical signal of the secondary illuminant to the photodetector 201 in the protection device 200. The optical fiber has the advantages that: the optical sensors in the weak current area and the strong current area transmit analog optical signals, and the interference of field installation environment electromagnetic fields can be avoided.
Then, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by the photo detector 201, and the optical frequency-selecting band-pass function can be realized by using the characteristics of each photo detector.
Between the board cards of the protection device 200 and between the protection devices, a receiving module and a transmitting module are arranged, and optical signals obtained and converted by each optical sensor are rapidly transmitted. Preferably, the IEC61850 process layer technology is adopted to transmit optical signals, the transmission frequency can be set to be 3.0 kHz-6.0 kHz, and the real-time requirement of rapid detection of the arc light fault is met.
The protection device 200 samples the original electrical signal obtained by the photoelectric conversion, i.e. the secondary side current of the incoming line current transformer TA, with a fixed sampling frequency to obtain a three-phase current IA、IB、ICAnd a current signal criterion is formed by adopting a power frequency variation principle. The protection device 200 obtains the optical signal criterion through arc optical signal matching retrieval. And the current signal criterion and the optical signal criterion and gate output an arc light protection action sign, the protection device 200 gives an alarm or trips.
The arc light detection device 10 provided by the embodiment collects and transmits arc light signals by adopting an arc light detector, transmits the arc light signals through a reliable transmission system, and finally forms an arc light protection action sign together according to two criteria, namely a current signal criterion and a light signal criterion, so as to achieve the purpose of detecting the working state of the system in real time.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An arc light detection method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step S1, an arc light sensor is arranged in a small chamber of the switch cabinet to be monitored, and the arc light sensor is used for receiving arc light signals and forming a uniform secondary light body;
step S2, transmitting the optical signal emitted by the secondary luminous body to a protection device, completing photoelectric conversion by the protection device, and collecting the converted original electrical signal at a fixed sampling frequency;
and step S3, the protection device judges whether a fault occurs or not according to the power frequency variable quantity current criterion through arc light signal matching retrieval and the combination of the collected electric signals, and if the fault occurs, the protection device gives an alarm or trips.
2. The arc light detection method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the optical signal emitted from the secondary light emitter is optically coupled to a transmission cable through a fiber coupling system and then transmitted to a photodetector located in the protection device through the transmission cable.
3. The arc light detection method of claim 2 wherein said transmission fiber optic cable is a large core plastic fiber or a large numerical aperture quartz multimode fiber.
4. The arc light detection method according to claim 1, wherein an optical signal is transmitted inside the protection device by using an IEC61850 process layer technology, and the transmission frequency is 3.0kHz to 6.0 kHz.
5. The arc light detection method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the protection device obtains an optical signal criterion through arc light signal matching retrieval, obtains a current signal criterion according to the electric signal, and the optical signal criterion and the current signal criterion and gate output an arc light protection action sign, and if a fault occurs, the protection device gives an alarm or trips, wherein the electric signal is three-phase current IA, IB, IC.
6. The arc light detection method of claim 5, wherein when the phase current change amount is greater than the setting value, the current signal criterion satisfies: delta IΦΦ>kΔIΦΦt+ΔIΦΦthWherein, Δ IΦΦIs the three-phase current IA、IB、ICRespective amount of current change,. DELTA.IΦΦtIs a floating threshold, k is 1.2-1.3, delta IΦΦthIs a fixed threshold set according to the maximum value of the current fluctuation avoiding the normal load.
7. An arc light detection device, comprising:
an arc light detector, located in a switchgear cabinet cell, comprising: the device comprises a protective cover, a light diffusion film and an optical fiber coupling part, wherein the light diffusion film is plated on the inner surface of the protective cover and is used for diffusing arc light entering the protective cover and enabling the arc light detector to form a cosine radiator;
the optical fiber coupling part is used for coupling the light emitted by the cosine radiating body to the optical transmission cable; and
and the protection device is used for receiving the optical signal transmitted by the transmission optical cable, performing photoelectric conversion, further acquiring an electric signal, judging whether a fault occurs by using the optical signal and the electric signal, and giving an alarm or tripping if the fault occurs.
8. The arc light detection device according to claim 7, wherein the protection device is configured to acquire the original electrical signal obtained after the photoelectric conversion at a fixed sampling frequency to obtain the electrical signal, form a current signal criterion according to a power frequency variation principle, obtain an optical signal criterion through arc light signal matching retrieval, and output an arc light protection action flag through the current signal criterion and the optical signal criterion and a gate.
9. The arc light detecting device according to claim 7, wherein said protecting cover is made of quartz glass or transparent optical plastic and has a spherical or ellipsoidal shape.
10. The arc light detection apparatus of claim 7 wherein the fiber coupling is a spherical lens, a self-focusing lens or a fiber lens.
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| CN111913041A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-10 | 安徽一天电能质量技术有限公司 | Alternating current switch cabinet arc light detection system and method thereof |
| CN113030663A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 安徽中科超屹科技有限公司 | Electric power equipment with collecting and analyzing functions |
| CN114156831A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-08 | 昆明理工大学 | Photoelectric combined instantaneous fault discrimination method |
| CN114184912A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Arc starting detection method based on optical signal |
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