CN110867655B - High front-to-back ratio directional antenna - Google Patents
High front-to-back ratio directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110867655B CN110867655B CN201911231891.0A CN201911231891A CN110867655B CN 110867655 B CN110867655 B CN 110867655B CN 201911231891 A CN201911231891 A CN 201911231891A CN 110867655 B CN110867655 B CN 110867655B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements
Abstract
The application provides a high front-to-back ratio directional antenna, which comprises an electric dipole antenna unit and a magnetic dipole antenna unit which are arranged in parallel; the magnetic dipole antenna unit is arranged behind the electric dipole antenna unit and can be excited to form electromagnetic waves with the same frequency as signal waves transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit, a directional diagram of the electromagnetic waves excited by the magnetic dipole antenna unit is complementary with a directional diagram of the signal waves transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit so as to form a relationship between an electric screen and a complementary electric screen, directional radiation is formed by combining directional diagrams of the array antenna by utilizing a directional diagram superposition principle, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved. The high front-to-back ratio directional antenna provided by the application is simple in structure and easy to produce in quantity, and effectively improves the front-to-back ratio of the antenna while ensuring that the antenna has good directional radiation characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wireless communication equipment, in particular to a high front-to-back ratio directional antenna.
Background
The front-to-back ratio is an important parameter of the antenna, can reflect the ratio of the main lobe power density and the back lobe power density of the antenna, and directly influences the transmission distance and the coverage range of signals. The antenna with high front-to-back ratio can effectively inhibit co-channel interference from the back of the antenna, thereby improving the communication capacity of the antenna. A directional antenna is an antenna in which the electromagnetic waves transmitted and received in one or more specific directions are particularly strong, while the electromagnetic waves transmitted and received in other directions are zero or very small. The directional antenna is generally composed of a radiation unit and a passive metal reflector plate arranged below the radiation unit, wherein the radiation unit is used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, and the directivity of the antenna is realized by utilizing the reflection effect of the reflector plate on the electromagnetic waves.
In order to improve the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, the size of the metal reflecting plate is increased, so that the proportion of energy of electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the radiating unit and transmitted to the antenna through the edge of the reflecting plate in a winding mode is continuously reduced, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved. This approach requires the use of large size reflector plates, which, while simple and effective, increase the overall size of the antenna, and is clearly impractical in highly integrated end product designs. Therefore, in order to reduce the overall size of the antenna, another method for improving the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is: under the condition of a metal reflecting plate with a limited size, the form and the structure of the radiating unit are optimally designed, so that electromagnetic waves leaked to the lower part of the radiating unit are reduced, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved. However, this design method often results in a very complicated structure of the radiation unit, which is not only low in mass productivity but also expensive.
It is also possible to open a slot between two adjacent single reflector plates and provide a resonant cavity facing the opened slot at the back side of the reflector plate, as shown in the patent application No. 201820341032.1, so that the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity covers the frequency of the electromagnetic waves radiated backward from the antenna, thereby improving the front-to-back ratio of the directional antenna. However, this method requires adding a resonant cavity structure on the back side of the reflector and increasing the profile height of the antenna in another direction, i.e. increasing the overall volume of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a high front-to-back ratio directional antenna to solve the problem that the structure of the traditional directional antenna is complex and the whole size is large.
The application provides a high front-to-back ratio directional antenna, which comprises an electric dipole antenna unit and a magnetic dipole antenna unit which are arranged in parallel;
the magnetic dipole antenna unit is arranged behind the electric dipole antenna unit opposite to the main radiation direction of the electric dipole antenna unit; the magnetic dipole antenna unit is vertical to the main radiation direction of the electric dipole antenna unit;
the frequency of the signal wave transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit is the same as that of the signal wave excited by the magnetic dipole antenna unit; and the directional diagram of the magnetic dipole antenna unit is complementary with the directional diagram of the electric dipole antenna unit so as to form an electric screen and a complementary electric screen relation.
Optionally, the electric dipole antenna unit includes an antenna radiation arm and a PCB, and the magnetic dipole antenna unit includes a metal substrate and an excitation slot;
the antenna radiation arm is arranged on the PCB; the PCB is parallel to the metal substrate; the excitation gap is arranged at the orthographic projection position of the antenna radiation arm on the metal substrate.
Optionally, the electric dipole antenna unit further includes a parasitic element; the parasitic element is arranged on the PCB, and a single-polarization antenna structure is formed on two sides of the antenna radiation arm.
Optionally, the excitation gap is a linear gap structure arranged on the metal substrate; the center of the excitation slot is collinear with the center of the antenna radiating arm.
Optionally, a plurality of antenna radiation arms are arranged on the PCB; a plurality of the antenna radiating arms form a cross-shaped structure to form an orthogonally polarized antenna structure.
Optionally, the excitation gap is a cross-shaped gap structure disposed on the metal substrate; the center of the excitation gap is collinear with the center of a cross structure formed by a plurality of the antenna radiation arms.
Optionally, a plurality of antenna radiation arms are arranged on the PCB; the antenna radiating arms are intersected at 45 degrees to form a plus 45 degrees or minus 45 degrees polarized antenna structure.
Optionally, a plurality of antenna radiation arms are uniformly arranged on the PCB; the distance between two adjacent antenna radiation arms satisfies the following relation: d is 0.5 lambda to 1 lambda; and λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the electric dipole antenna unit.
Optionally, the length of the excitation gap satisfies the following relationship: l ═ 0.5 λ.
Optionally, the high front-to-back ratio directional antenna further includes a functional circuit, where the functional circuit includes a feeding module and a transceiver module; the transceiver module is connected with the electric dipole antenna unit through the feeding module so as to transmit or receive signal waves through the electric dipole antenna unit.
According to the technical scheme, the high front-to-back ratio directional antenna comprises an electric dipole antenna unit and a magnetic dipole antenna unit which are arranged in parallel; the magnetic dipole antenna unit is arranged behind the electric dipole antenna unit and can be excited to form electromagnetic waves with the same frequency as signal waves transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit, a directional diagram of the electromagnetic waves excited by the magnetic dipole antenna unit is complementary with a directional diagram of the signal waves transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit so as to form a relationship between an electric screen and a complementary electric screen, directional radiation is formed by combining directional diagrams of the array antenna by utilizing a directional diagram superposition principle, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved. The high front-to-back ratio directional antenna provided by the application is simple in structure and easy to produce in quantity, and effectively improves the front-to-back ratio of the antenna while ensuring that the antenna has good directional radiation characteristics.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is an electric field radiation pattern of the present application;
FIG. 3(a) is an E-plane radiation pattern for a single electric dipole antenna;
fig. 3(b) is an E-plane radiation pattern of a directional antenna formed by loading a reflecting plate with the same size below an electric dipole antenna;
fig. 3(c) is an E-plane radiation pattern of a directional antenna formed by loading a same-frequency complementary magnetic dipole antenna below an electric dipole antenna;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another high front-to-back ratio directional antenna of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure with multiple radiating elements according to the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of another multi-radiating-element antenna structure according to the present application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of systems and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as recited in the claims.
In the technical solution provided by the present application, the antenna has a broad sense and a narrow sense, where the broad sense is an electronic device capable of transceiving an electromagnetic wave signal, and can implement remote communication, that is, the broad sense antenna includes not only an antenna body (including a vibrator unit, a radiation plate, etc.), but also a functional circuit (such as a feeding circuit, a signal generating circuit, a signal receiving circuit, and a signal converting circuit, etc.) cooperating with the antenna body. The antenna in the narrow sense means an antenna body, i.e., a device that directly performs electromagnetic wave radiation.
The directional antenna means that electromagnetic signal waves radiated by the antenna have directivity, that is, signals emitted by a radiator of the antenna are not omnidirectional, so that the signals have enough strength in a set direction. The directional antenna is generally composed of a radiation unit and a passive metal reflector plate arranged below the radiation unit, and the directivity of the antenna is realized by utilizing the reflection principle of the reflector plate on electromagnetic waves. The traditional method is to increase the front-to-back ratio of the antenna by increasing the size of the reflecting plate, optimizing and designing the form and structure of the radiation unit, slotting between the reflecting plates, arranging a resonant cavity facing the slotted gap at the back side of the reflecting plate, adding a metamaterial sheet layer with high-resistance surface characteristics above the reflecting plate and the like. These methods either have too large antenna size, are difficult to be applied to highly integrated mobile terminal devices, and have complicated structure and high price, which are not favorable for application to low-cost mobile communication products.
In order to overcome the defects, the novel antenna which is complementary with the original radiation antenna directional diagram is constructed below the radiation antenna unit, and the required directional radiation is formed by synthesizing the array antenna directional diagrams by utilizing the directional diagram superposition principle, so that the characteristic of improving the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is shown. Compared with the existing method for improving the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, the method has the advantages of simple structure and process, and equivalent size and price of the antenna.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to the present application is shown.
As shown in fig. 1, the high front-to-back ratio directional antenna provided by the present application includes an electric dipole antenna element 1 and a magnetic dipole antenna element 2, which are arranged in parallel. The electric dipole antenna unit 1 is a main radiation component of the whole antenna, and is used for transmitting electromagnetic signal waves to the surrounding environment and receiving radio signals. The magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 is a signal auxiliary component of the electric dipole antenna unit 1, and can form required directional radiation by synthesizing array antenna directional diagrams by using a directional diagram superposition principle.
Further, the electric dipole antenna unit 1 includes an antenna radiation arm 11 and a PCB 12, and the antenna radiation arm 11 is disposed on the PCB 12. The antenna radiation arm 11 may be an antenna element with a specific shape manufactured according to a preset antenna radiation type, and the antenna radiation arm 11 may be disposed on the PCB 12 by welding to implement connection with the functional circuit 3 and transmit a wireless signal to be transmitted.
In order to realize directional radiation, the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 is arranged behind the electric dipole antenna unit 1 opposite to the main radiation direction of the electric dipole antenna unit 1. The frequency of the signal wave transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit 1 is the same as that of the signal wave excited by the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2; the directional diagram of the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 is complementary to the directional diagram of the electric dipole antenna unit 1 so as to form an electric screen and a complementary electric screen relation.
The magnetic dipole antenna element 2 comprises a metal substrate 21 and an excitation slot 22. The PCB board 12 is parallel to the metal substrate 21 so that the magnetic dipole antenna element 2 is perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the electric dipole antenna element 1. The excitation slot 22 is disposed at a front projection position of the antenna radiation arm 11 on the metal substrate 21, that is, the position of the excitation slot 22 corresponds to the position of the antenna radiation arm 11.
For example, as shown in fig. 1, the present application constructs a magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 below an electric dipole antenna unit 1, where the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 may be composed of a metal substrate 21, the metal substrate 21 is perpendicular to the center of the electric dipole antenna unit 1, and an excitation slit 22 is further disposed thereon, and a length L of the excitation slit 22 is approximately equal to 0.5 λ, (λ is a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency band of the electric dipole antenna unit 1).
When the antenna radiating arm 11 in an electric dipole antenna element is excited by a signal, bidirectional energy radiation up and down will occur. The energy radiated downwards can excite the excitation slot 22 to generate a radiation characteristic similar to that of a magnetic dipole antenna according to the electromagnetic field babinet complementary principle, namely, the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 is formed. The magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 formed by the electric dipole antenna unit 1 and the excitation slot 22 can further form the relationship between an electric screen and a complementary electric screen, so that the excitation positions of the two antenna units are the same and are in the middle of the whole antenna, but the electric field directions of the two sources are vertical.
In practical application, when a far-zone radiation field is calculated, the radiation source can be regarded as a point source, according to an electromagnetic field theory, a field generated after an electric dipole point source rotates for 90 degrees is equivalent to a field generated by a magnetic dipole point source coupled with the electric dipole point source, and therefore the two antennas completely meet the complementary relation between the electric screen and the complementary electric screen.
Let the radiation fields of the electric dipole antenna unit 1 in the directions of the E surface and the H surface be
And
the radiation field of the magnetic dipole antenna element 2 is
And
a rectangular spatial coordinate system is established in the manner shown in FIG. 1, i.e., the x-axis of the coordinate system is horizontal (left-right direction in FIG. 1), the y-axis is vertical, and the z-axis is vertical(up and down direction in fig. 1). If the main radiation direction of the electric dipole antenna unit 1 is vertically upward, since there is no z<0(0xy or below), so that the radiation field strength in the region z < 0 is
Then applying the complementary principle to know:
namely:
as shown in fig. 2, the electric field radiation pattern of the electric dipole antenna unit 1 is "8" shaped radiation on the E plane and "O" shaped radiation on the H plane; and the electric field radiation directional diagram of the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 is O-shaped radiation on the E surface and 8-shaped radiation on the H surface. Therefore, the radiation pattern of the directional antenna provided by the application is just the synthesis of the pattern of the electric dipole antenna unit 1 and the pattern of the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 excited below, so that the forward radiation of the directional antenna can be enhanced, and then the backward radiation can be mutually offset, a radiation pattern similar to a heart shape is obtained, and the front-to-back ratio of the directional antenna is improved.
FIG. 3(a) is an E-plane radiation pattern for a single electric dipole antenna; fig. 3(b) is an E-plane radiation pattern of a directional antenna formed by loading a reflecting plate with the same size below an electric dipole antenna; fig. 3(c) is an E-plane radiation pattern of the directional antenna formed by loading the same-frequency complementary magnetic dipole antenna below the electric dipole antenna. As shown in fig. 3, by comparison, the single electric dipole antenna in fig. 3(a) is an omnidirectional antenna; in fig. 3(b), a reflecting plate with the same size is loaded below the electric dipole antenna to form a directional antenna, but the formed directional antenna has larger backward radiation and a front-to-back ratio of about 10 dB; in fig. 3(c), the same-frequency complementary magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 is loaded below the electric dipole antenna unit 1 to form a directional antenna, the backward radiation of the formed directional antenna is greatly reduced, and the front-to-back ratio is about 22 dB. Therefore, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna can be greatly improved by constructing the same-frequency complementary magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 below the electric dipole antenna unit 1.
Further, in order to realize signal transmission, the high front-to-back ratio directional antenna further comprises a functional circuit 3, wherein the functional circuit 3 comprises a feeding module 31 and a transceiving module 32; the transceiver module 32 is connected to the electric dipole antenna unit 1 through the feeding module 31, so as to transmit or receive signal waves through the electric dipole antenna unit 1.
According to the technical scheme, the high front-to-back ratio directional antenna comprises an electric dipole antenna unit 1 and a magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 which are arranged in parallel; the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 is arranged behind the electric dipole antenna unit 1 and can be excited to form electromagnetic waves with the same frequency as the signal waves transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit 1, the directional diagram of the electromagnetic waves excited by the magnetic dipole antenna unit 2 is complementary with the directional diagram of the signal waves transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit 1 to form the relationship between an electric screen and a complementary electric screen, and directional radiation is formed by combining directional diagrams of array antennas by utilizing the superposition principle of the directional diagrams, so that the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved. The high front-to-back ratio directional antenna provided by the application is simple in structure and easy to produce in quantity, and effectively improves the front-to-back ratio of the antenna while ensuring that the antenna has good directional radiation characteristics.
The radiation unit form of the electric dipole antenna unit 1 provided by the application can be set according to actual communication environment and requirements, and multiple polarization forms of radiation units can be constructed through the antenna radiation arm 11, for example, monopole antennas, microstrip patch antennas, dual-polarization antennas and the like, and the radiation unit in the form of the antenna radiation arm 11 plus the parasitic element 13 can be obtained by adding the parasitic element 13 on the basis of the monopole antennas.
That is, in some embodiments of the present application, the electric dipole antenna unit 1 further includes a parasitic element 13. The parasitic element 13 is an element capable of realizing electromagnetic coupling feeding for broadening a frequency band. The parasitic element 13 is disposed on the PCB 12, and a single-polarized antenna structure is formed on both sides of the antenna radiation arm 11. For the above-mentioned radiation unit structure, the corresponding excitation slit 22 may be a line-shaped slit structure disposed on the metal substrate 21. And the center of the excitation slot 22 is kept collinear with the center of the antenna radiation arm 11.
For example, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna radiation arm 11 may have a rectangular structure, two antenna radiation arms 11 arranged along the same straight line are disposed on the PCB 12 to form a strip-shaped structure, and a parasitic element 13 may be disposed at a middle position of two sides of the strip-shaped structure formed by the two antenna radiation arms 11 to widen a frequency band of the antenna radiation arm 11.
In another embodiment of the present application, a plurality of antenna radiation arms 11 are disposed on the PCB 12; a plurality of said antenna radiating arms 11 form a cross-shaped structure to form an orthogonally polarized antenna structure. Accordingly, the excitation slit 22 is a cross-shaped slit structure disposed on the metal substrate 21; the center of the excitation slot 22 is collinear with the center of the cross structure formed by the plurality of antenna radiating arms 11.
For example, as shown in fig. 4, the antenna radiation arm 11 has a rectangular strip structure with a right-angled tip at one end, 4 antenna radiation arms 11 are disposed on the PCB 12, the antenna radiation arms 11 of adjacent portions are perpendicular to each other, and the 4 antenna radiation arms 11 are spliced together at the right-angled tip position to form a cross shape. Through the radiation unit with the cross-shaped structure, the orthogonal polarization antenna structure can be realized so as to adapt to the situation of the orthogonal polarization structure.
In addition, the PCB 12 may further have a plurality of antenna radiation arms 11; the antenna radiation arms 11 are arranged on the PCB 12 in a 45-degree intersecting manner to form a plus 45-degree or minus 45-degree polarized antenna structure.
For example, the PCB 12 is provided with 4 antenna radiation arms 11, and the 4 antenna radiation arms 11 correspond to each other two by two to form a cross structure by mutual splicing, and the angle of the cross structure is 45 ° (or 135 °), so as to form a plus 45 ° or minus 45 ° polarized antenna structure to adapt to different application scenarios.
In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of antenna radiating arms 11 may be disposed on the PCB 12 to form a plurality of radiating elements according to the application of the actual antenna. Each radiating element may be formed by a single antenna radiating arm 11, or may be formed by a plurality of antenna radiating arms 11. To facilitate signal radiation, the radiating elements formed by the single or multiple antenna radiating arms 11 may be equally spaced to form an antenna array. The antenna array can be in a linear array or an area array or other array forms. The antenna transceiving capacity of the antenna can be enhanced by the plurality of antenna radiation arms 11.
In practical application, if a plurality of antenna radiation arms 11 are uniformly arranged on the PCB 12, the distance between two adjacent antenna radiation arms 11 satisfies the following relationship: d is 0.5 lambda to 1 lambda; wherein λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the electric dipole antenna unit 1.
If a plurality of antenna radiation arms 11 are uniformly arranged on the PCB 12, a plurality of excitation slots 22 may be correspondingly arranged on the metal substrate 21, that is, a plurality of excitation slots 22 are also equidistantly arranged on the metal substrate 21, and each excitation slot 22 corresponds to one antenna radiation arm 11. Therefore, the distance between two excitation slits 22 connected to each other also satisfies W ═ 0.5 λ to 1 λ; wherein λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the electric dipole antenna unit 1.
In practical application, the wavelength λ of the operating frequency band of the electric dipole antenna unit 1 may be calculated according to the following formula:
λ＝300/f
where f is the center frequency of the electric dipole antenna unit 1.
For example, as shown in fig. 5, the center frequency of the electric dipole antenna unit 1 is 3GHz, and the wavelength of the operating band is 100mm according to the above calculation formula. On the PCB board 12, 4 radiating elements may be evenly distributed, each radiating element including 2 antenna radiating arms 11 and 2 parasitic elements 13. The center point of the area between the two antenna radiating arms 11 is taken as the center point of the radiating element.
If the distance D between two adjacent radiation units is 0.7 λ, the distance D between two adjacent radiation units is 0.7 × 100, 70 mm.
4 excitation slits 22 corresponding to each radiation unit may be provided on the metal substrate 21, the length L of each excitation slit 22 is 0.5 λ -0.5 × 100-50 mm, the same slit extending direction is maintained between the 4 excitation slits 22, and the distance between two adjacent excitation slits 22 may also be determined to be 70mm based on the midpoint of the excitation slit 22.
Similarly, as shown in fig. 6, the plurality of antenna radiating arms 11 may also form a plurality of radiating elements on the PCB 12 in other manners, such as: on the PCB 12, there are formed 4 "cross" shaped orthogonal polarization structure radiating elements with 16 antenna radiating arms 11, and correspondingly, there are also 4 "cross" shaped slots on the metal substrate 21. The length of the excitation slit 22 still satisfies L0.5 λ, and the center-to-center distance between the slits also satisfies W0.5 λ to 1 λ. It should be noted that when the excitation slot 22 is a cross-shaped slot structure, the length thereof refers to the length of the entire "horizontal" or the entire "vertical" in the cross-shaped structure. In addition, the form of the radiation element formed by the antenna radiation arm 11 in the above-described embodiment is not limited to the form of the electric dipole antenna element 1, and the form of the excitation slot 22 is not limited to the "cross" slot.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the high front-to-back ratio directional antenna provided in the present application may include an electric dipole antenna array and a magnetic dipole antenna array, where the electric dipole antenna array includes a plurality of radiating elements, and each radiating element includes a signal radiating element such as an antenna radiating arm 11, a PCB 12, or a parasitic element 13. The magnetic dipole antenna array includes a plurality of excitation slots 22. The distance between the radiation units can be between 0.5 lambda and 1 lambda according to the index requirement of an actual project. And, the pitch of excitation slits 22 in magnetic dipole antenna element 2 is the same as the pitch of radiation elements in electric dipole antenna element 1. Therefore, co-frequency complementation is formed on the plurality of radiating units, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved.
The embodiments provided in the present application are only a few examples of the general concept of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Any other embodiments extended according to the scheme of the present application without inventive efforts will be within the scope of protection of the present application for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A high front-to-back ratio directional antenna is characterized by comprising an electric dipole antenna unit (1) and a magnetic dipole antenna unit (2) which are arranged in parallel;
the magnetic dipole antenna unit (2) is arranged behind the electric dipole antenna unit (1) opposite to the main radiation direction of the electric dipole antenna unit (1); the magnetic dipole antenna unit (2) is vertical to the main radiation direction of the electric dipole antenna unit (1);
the frequency of a signal wave transmitted by the electric dipole antenna unit (1) is the same as that of a signal wave excited by the magnetic dipole antenna unit (2); the directional diagram of the magnetic dipole antenna unit (2) is complementary with the directional diagram of the electric dipole antenna unit (1) to form an electric screen and complementary electric screen relation;
the electric dipole antenna unit (1) comprises an antenna radiation arm (11) and a PCB (printed circuit board) (12), and the magnetic dipole antenna unit (2) comprises a metal substrate (21) and an excitation gap (22);
the antenna radiation arm (11) is arranged on the PCB (12); the PCB (12) is parallel to the metal substrate (21); the excitation slot (22) is arranged at the orthographic projection position of the antenna radiation arm (11) on the metal substrate (21).
2. A high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric dipole antenna element (1) further comprises a parasitic element (13); the parasitic element (13) is arranged on the PCB (12), and a single-polarization antenna structure is formed on two sides of the antenna radiation arm (11).
3. A high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the excitation slot (22) is a line-shaped slot structure provided on the metal substrate (21); the center of the excitation slot (22) is collinear with the center of the antenna radiating arm (11).
4. A high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said antenna radiating arms (11) are provided on said PCB board (12); a plurality of said antenna radiating arms (11) form a cross-shaped structure to form an orthogonally polarized antenna structure.
5. A high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that the excitation slot (22) is a cross-shaped slot structure provided on the metal substrate (21); the center of the excitation slit (22) is collinear with the center of a cross structure formed by a plurality of the antenna radiation arms (11).
6. A high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said antenna radiating arms (11) are provided on said PCB board (12); the antenna radiating arms (11) are crossed at 45 degrees to form a plus 45 degrees or minus 45 degrees polarized antenna structure.
7. A high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said antenna radiating arms (11) are uniformly arranged on said PCB board (12); the distance between two adjacent antenna radiation arms (11) satisfies the following relation: d is 0.5 lambda to 1 lambda; wherein λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the electric dipole antenna unit (1).
8. A high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the excitation slot (22) satisfies the following relation: l ═ 0.5 λ.
9. The high front-to-back ratio directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a functional circuit (3), said functional circuit (3) comprising a feeding module (31) and a transceiving module (32); the transceiver module (32) is connected with the electric dipole antenna unit (1) through the feeding module (31) so as to transmit or receive signal waves through the electric dipole antenna unit (1).
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| CN102882004B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2016-08-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of electromagnetic dipole antenna |
| KR102001519B1 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2019-07-18 | 주식회사 케이엠더블유 | Wireless communication antenna with narrow beam-width |
| CN106252860A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-21 | 重庆大学 | The multi-layer PCB little Huygens's source antenna of electricity |
| CN108736162B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2020-09-08 | 惠州硕贝德无线科技股份有限公司 | Novel antenna unit suitable for 5G terminal device |
| CN107069205B (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2023-07-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Novel broadband low-profile circularly polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna |
| CN108717992B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2020-01-31 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Millimeter wave differential feed dual-polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna |
| CN209418761U (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-09-20 | 云南大学 | The wideband electromagnetic dipole antenna of new A MC |
| CN109802231B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2024-02-23 | 云南大学 | Broadband electromagnetic dipole antenna based on artificial magnetic conductor |
| CN109309282A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-02-05 | 云南大学 | Wideband electromagnetic dipole antenna based on AMC |
| CN109546354B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2021-04-16 | 南通大学 | Magnetic dipole yagi antenna based on dielectric resonator |
| CN110518348A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-29 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of wideband dual polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna element in the equal face E and the face H |
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2019
- 2019-12-05 CN CN201911231891.0A patent/CN110867655B/en active Active
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