CN110867595A - Fuel cell system and fuel cell automobile power system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and fuel cell automobile power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110867595A CN110867595A CN201810988206.8A CN201810988206A CN110867595A CN 110867595 A CN110867595 A CN 110867595A CN 201810988206 A CN201810988206 A CN 201810988206A CN 110867595 A CN110867595 A CN 110867595A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- hydrogen fuel
- converter
- cooling medium
- thermoelectric device
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell system and a fuel cell automobile power system, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and a cooling system, and the cooling system mainly comprises a circulating pump, a thermoelectric device, an electric three-way valve, a mechanical three-way valve, a cooling medium filtering device, a cooling medium deionization device and a cooling medium circulation pipeline; the fuel cell automobile power system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell system, a DC/DC converter 1 for performing voltage matching on electric energy output by the hydrogen fuel cell, a power cell, a DC/DC converter 2 for performing voltage matching on electric energy output by a thermoelectric device contained in the hydrogen fuel cell system, a motor controller and a driving motor. The invention utilizes the thermoelectric principle to replace a method of using a cooling water tank and a heat radiation fan to radiate heat in a classical vehicle fuel cell system, can effectively solve the problem of energy waste caused by waste heat form discharge and auxiliary device energy consumption when a hydrogen fuel cell works normally, and enables a vehicle provided with the power system to have longer driving range and better high-temperature environment adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell system and a fuel cell automobile power system based on the fuel cell system, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle-mounted energy.
Background
With the increasingly prominent environmental and energy problems, new energy vehicles have become a research hotspot of various automobile manufacturers and research and development institutions in the world, and among them, fuel cell vehicles are generally regarded as having broad development prospects with high efficiency and near zero emission.
The core part of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile is a hydrogen fuel cell system, the fuel used by the hydrogen fuel cell system is high-purity hydrogen or high-hydrogen-containing reformed gas obtained by reforming the hydrogen-containing fuel, the high-hydrogen-containing reformed gas and oxygen in the atmosphere generate chemical reaction to generate electric energy to start a motor, the motor drives a mechanical transmission structure in the automobile, and then drives a front universal shaft, a rear axle and other walking mechanical structures of the automobile, and wheels are rotated to drive the automobile.
Hydrogen fuel cells produce a large amount of waste heat when operated. In the prior art, a heat dissipation water tank (including a heat dissipation fan) is usually used, deionized water or the like is used as a cooling medium, and the circulation is used for dissipating heat of the hydrogen fuel cell, so that the hydrogen fuel cell is maintained in a proper temperature range. This approach has three problems: firstly, a large amount of waste heat is directly discharged to the atmosphere, which causes energy waste and thermal pollution to the surroundings; secondly, the heat dissipation fan consumes additional energy; thirdly, when the ambient temperature is also high, the heat dissipation effect is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen fuel cell system, which is used for solving the problem of energy waste caused by waste heat emission and auxiliary device energy consumption when a hydrogen fuel cell normally works; the invention also aims to provide a hydrogen fuel cell automobile power system designed based on the method, which has longer endurance mileage and better high-temperature environment adaptability than the traditionally designed hydrogen fuel cell automobile power system under the same other configurations (such as hydrogen storage capacity).
The scheme of the hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the invention is as follows:
a hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and a cooling system, wherein the cooling system mainly comprises a circulating pump, a thermoelectric device, an electric three-way valve, a mechanical three-way valve, a cooling medium filtering device, a cooling medium deionization device and a cooling medium circulation pipeline; the cooling system contains a cooling medium, which may be deionized water or another suitable coolant.
The circulating pump is used for maintaining the circulation of the cooling medium in the flow pipeline, and the rotating speed can be controlled by the controller in a stepping mode, so that the flow of the cooling medium is adjusted.
The thermoelectric device mainly comprises a thermoelectric tube and an auxiliary device, and uses a heat flowing medium (such as hot deionized water) to directly perform thermoelectric conversion so as to generate electricity; the controller can control the power generation amount of the flowing medium, and the temperature of the flowing medium at the outlet of the flowing medium is adjusted.
The electric three-way valve and the mechanical three-way valve are used for forming a bypass for the cooling medium to the thermoelectric device, so that the cooling medium does not flow through the thermoelectric device to complete the circular flow.
When the hydrogen fuel cell works normally, the cooling medium is heated by cold when flowing through the hydrogen fuel cell, and the heat in the hydrogen fuel cell is taken away; when the heated cooling medium flows through the thermoelectric device, the thermoelectric device generates electricity, so that the heat is changed into cold; further controlling the amount of heat consumed by the thermoelectric device by controlling the amount of electricity generated by the thermoelectric device to control the temperature of the flowing medium at the outlet thereof, wherein the temperature of the cooling medium is maintained in a proper interval; when the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell stack has not reached the proper operating temperature and the thermoelectric device is not required to operate to dissipate heat, a bypass is used to complete the circulation of the cooling medium.
The scheme of the fuel cell automobile power system provided by the invention is as follows:
a fuel cell vehicle power system includes a hydrogen fuel cell system, a DC/DC converter 1 for voltage matching of electric energy output from the hydrogen fuel cell, a power cell, a DC/DC converter 2 for voltage matching of electric energy output from a thermoelectric device included in the hydrogen fuel cell system, a motor controller, and a driving motor; the DC/DC converter 1, the power battery, the DC/DC converter 2 and the motor controller are connected through a direct current bus; the hydrogen fuel cell system, the DC/DC converter 1, the power battery, the DC/DC converter 2 and the motor controller are all provided with built-in CAN communication controllers, and form a distributed control system through a CAN bus.
The DC/DC converter 1 is connected to the power output port of the hydrogen fuel cell and the DC bus, and converts the voltage of the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and prevents the flow of current from the DC bus to the hydrogen fuel cell.
The DC/DC converter 2 is connected to an electric power output port of a thermoelectric device in the hydrogen fuel cell system and a DC bus, converts voltage of electricity generated from the thermoelectric device, and prevents current from flowing from the DC bus to the thermoelectric device.
When the hydrogen fuel cell works to generate electricity, when the temperature of the fuel cell stack does not enter a reasonable working temperature range, the thermoelectric device does not work first, so that the heat of the fuel cell is not lost; when the temperature of the fuel cell stack enters a proper working temperature range and is in an ascending trend, and waste heat is generated, the thermoelectric device is enabled to work, and the temperature of the fuel cell stack is maintained in a reasonable temperature range by controlling the generated energy, and the electricity generated by the thermoelectric device is subjected to voltage conversion through the DC/DC converter 2 and then provides energy for the system together with the fuel cell, namely charges the power cell, or provides electric energy for the driving motor together with the power cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a fuel cell system;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell automotive power system.
Detailed Description
A hydrogen fuel cell system is shown in fig. 1.
The hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell (1) and a cooling system, wherein the cooling system mainly comprises a circulating pump (2), a thermoelectric device (3), an electric three-way valve (4), a mechanical three-way valve (5), a cooling medium filtering device (6), a cooling medium deionization device (7) and a cooling medium circulation pipeline; the cooling system contains a cooling medium, which may be deionized water or another suitable coolant.
The circulating pump is used for maintaining the circulation of the cooling medium in the flow pipeline, and the rotating speed can be controlled by the controller in a stepping mode, so that the flow of the cooling medium is adjusted.
The thermoelectric device mainly comprises a thermoelectric tube and an auxiliary device, and uses a heat flowing medium (such as hot deionized water) to directly perform thermoelectric conversion so as to generate electricity; the controller can control the power generation amount of the flowing medium, and the temperature of the flowing medium at the outlet of the flowing medium is adjusted.
The electric three-way valve and the mechanical three-way valve are used for forming a bypass for the cooling medium to the thermoelectric device, so that the cooling medium does not flow through the thermoelectric device to complete the circular flow.
When the hydrogen fuel cell normally works, the cooling medium circulates in the cooling system under the action of the circulating pump. When the cooling medium flows through the hydrogen fuel cell, the cooling medium is heated by cold so as to take away the heat in the hydrogen fuel cell; when the heated cooling medium flows through the thermoelectric device, the thermoelectric device generates electricity, so that the heat is changed into cold; the cooled cooling medium flows to the fuel cell again, and the circulation is carried out; the controller can control the power generation amount of the thermoelectric device, thereby controlling the temperature of the cooling medium at the outlet of the thermoelectric device and keeping the temperature in a reasonable interval. If the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell has not reached the appropriate temperature range without using the thermoelectric device, the controller may control the electric three-way valve to circulate the cooling medium without flowing through the thermoelectric device (through the bypass).
A fuel cell vehicle power system is shown in fig. 2.
The fuel cell automobile power system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell system, a DC/DC converter 1 for performing voltage matching on electric energy output by the hydrogen fuel cell, a power cell, a DC/DC converter 2 for performing voltage matching on electric energy output by a thermoelectric device contained in the hydrogen fuel cell system, a motor controller and a driving motor; the DC/DC converter 1, the power battery, the DC/DC converter 2 and the motor controller are connected through a direct current bus; the hydrogen fuel cell system, the DC/DC converter 1, the power battery, the DC/DC converter 2 and the motor controller are all provided with built-in CAN communication controllers, and form a distributed control system through a CAN bus.
The DC/DC converter 1 is connected to the power output port of the hydrogen fuel cell and the DC bus, and converts the voltage of the DC power generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and prevents the current from flowing from the DC bus to the hydrogen fuel cell.
The DC/DC converter 2 is connected to an electric power output port of a thermoelectric device in the hydrogen fuel cell system and a DC bus, converts voltage of electricity generated from the thermoelectric device, and prevents current from flowing from the DC bus to the thermoelectric device.
The working principle of the fuel cell automobile power system is as follows: according to a certain power ratio, a fuel cell system and an energy storage power cell are selected, and a DC/DC converter 1 and a DC/DC converter 2 are selected to form an electric-electric hybrid energy supply device. When the hydrogen fuel cell works to generate electricity, when the temperature of the fuel cell stack does not enter a reasonable temperature range, the thermoelectric device does not work first, so that the heat of the fuel cell is not lost; when the temperature of the fuel cell stack enters a proper temperature range and rises and waste heat is generated, the thermoelectric device starts to work and the temperature of the fuel cell is maintained in a reasonable range by controlling the generated energy, and the electricity generated by the thermoelectric device and the fuel cell provide energy for the system after voltage conversion through the DC/DC converter 2, namely the system charges the power cell or provides electric energy for a driving motor together with the power cell.
Claims (8)
1. A hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and a cooling system, and is characterized in that the cooling system mainly comprises a circulating pump, a thermoelectric device, an electric three-way valve, a mechanical three-way valve, a cooling medium filtering device, a cooling medium deionization device and a cooling medium circulation pipeline; the cooling system contains a cooling medium, which may be deionized water or another suitable coolant.
2. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the circulation pump is configured to maintain circulation of the cooling medium through the flow conduit at a controlled rotational speed that is stepped by the controller to adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium.
3. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric device is mainly composed of a thermoelectric tube and an auxiliary device, which generates electricity by direct thermoelectric conversion using a hot flowing medium (e.g., hot deionized water); the controller can control the power generation amount of the flowing medium, and the temperature of the flowing medium at the outlet of the flowing medium is adjusted.
4. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the electric three-way valve and the mechanical three-way valve bypass the thermoelectric device for the cooling medium such that the cooling medium does not circulate through the thermoelectric device.
5. A fuel cell automobile power system is characterized by comprising a hydrogen fuel cell system, a DC/DC converter 1 for performing voltage matching on electric energy output by the hydrogen fuel cell, a power cell, a DC/DC converter 2 for performing voltage matching on electric energy output by a thermoelectric device contained in the hydrogen fuel cell system, a motor controller and a driving motor; the DC/DC converter 1, the power battery, the DC/DC converter 2 and the motor controller are connected through a direct current bus.
6. The power system of claim 5, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system, the DC/DC converter 1, the power battery, the DC/DC converter 2 and the motor controller are all provided with a built-in CAN communication controller, and a distributed control system is formed by a CAN bus.
7. The power system according to claim 5, wherein the DC/DC converter 1 is connected to the power output port of the hydrogen fuel cell and the DC bus, and converts the voltage of the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and prevents the flow of the current from the DC bus to the hydrogen fuel cell.
8. The power system of claim 5, wherein the DC/DC converter 2 is connected to an electric power output port of a thermoelectric device in the hydrogen fuel cell system and the DC bus, and converts a voltage of the electricity generated by the thermoelectric device and prevents a current from flowing from the DC bus to the thermoelectric device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810988206.8A CN110867595A (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell automobile power system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810988206.8A CN110867595A (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell automobile power system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110867595A true CN110867595A (en) | 2020-03-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810988206.8A Pending CN110867595A (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell automobile power system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112467169A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-09 | 国科微城市智能科技(南京)有限责任公司 | Use method for starting hydrogen fuel cell by waste heat energy storage |
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