CN110865641A - Track tracking method of wheeled mobile robot controlled by inversion sliding mode - Google Patents
Track tracking method of wheeled mobile robot controlled by inversion sliding mode Download PDFInfo
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- G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
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- G05D1/0212—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
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Abstract
The invention provides a track tracking method of a wheeled mobile robot controlled by an inversion sliding mode, which comprises the steps of firstly modeling the wheeled mobile robot, then establishing a kinematic equation according to the model, establishing a pose error equation after obtaining a target track equation, simultaneously providing a constraint condition meeting bounded input, designing an inversion sliding mode controller of the wheeled mobile robot by utilizing the constraint condition, finally carrying out stability analysis aiming at the designed controller, and obtaining the control precision of the controller after carrying out bounded constraint on the input of the controller, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately tracking the track of the wheeled mobile robot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of track tracking control of wheeled mobile robots, in particular to a track tracking method of a wheeled mobile robot controlled by an inversion sliding mode.
Background
The birth of the robot is a great progress of scientific technology in the 20 th century, particularly in recent years, the robot technology is developed rapidly, is continuously developed towards intellectualization and diversification, and is successfully applied to the fields of military, ocean exploration, hospitals, industry, families and the like. The mobile robot integrates sensor technology, mechanical technology and computer technology, and is an important branch in robot research.
The path tracking precision of the mobile robot affects the performance of the whole system, and because the mobile robot is a highly complex nonlinear system, the mobile robot is very difficult to obtain a high-precision tracking result of the mobile robot, and the problem of the path tracking precision is more and more concerned.
Therefore, a tracking algorithm with high precision is designed, and the method has obvious significance for system improvement of the mobile robot in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a track tracking method of a wheel type mobile robot controlled by an inverse sliding mode, which improves the control precision of a path tracking system of the whole mobile robot by performing bounded control on the input of a controller.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a trajectory tracking method for a wheel-type mobile robot controlled by an inverse sliding mode, which specifically includes the following steps:
the independent double-rear-wheel differential drive mobile robot controls the speed and the direction of the robot through different speeds of two rear wheels, and a right-angle coordinate is established in a working plane of the mobile robot to obtain a mobile robot model;
obtaining a kinematic model equation (1) and a target track equation (2) of the robot according to the mobile robot model:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,andis the position of the mobile robot model in the x and y axes of the rectangular coordinate system,is the angular velocity of movement of the mobile robot model,andis the target position of the mobile robot model in the x and y axes of the rectangular coordinate system,is the moving target angular velocity of the mobile robot model, v and omega are the moving linear velocity and angular velocity of the mobile robot model respectively, theta is the included angle between the mobile robot model and the x axis, omega is the angular velocity of the mobile robot modeldIs the moving target angular velocity, theta, of the mobile robot modeldIs the target included angle between the mobile robot model and the x axis;
obtaining a pose error equation (3) of the mobile robot by combining a coordinate basic transformation formula and the mobile robot model:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the pose error of the x-axis of the mobile robot model,is the pose error of the y-axis of the mobile robot model,is the angular velocity pose error of the mobile robot model;
step 3, providing constraint conditions meeting bounded input;
setting the path to be traced asIf the robot is able to converge and follow constraints, then it can track:
wherein V and ω are linear and angular velocities of the control input, VminIs the minimum value of the set linear velocity, VmaxIs set to the maximum linear velocity, WmaxIs the maximum value for the set angular velocity;
according to the kinematic model equation (1) of the mobile robot, ifTrackable, then the input of the mobile robot must also satisfy the constraint (4);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,andfirst and second derivatives of the x-axis error equation,andfirst and second derivatives of the y-axis error equation, respectively;
redefining an error equation:
the linear velocity inversion sliding mode controller comprises the following design steps:
defining Lyapunov function V1Comprises the following steps:
Taking a switching surface function, i.e. a sliding surface function s1=e1,s2=e2;
Can realize e1,e2→ 0, by designing the virtual control amount β so that the transform m of β1And m2Respectively as follows:
in the same way, the virtual control law and the linear speed control are designed as follows:
the angular velocity inversion controller is designed by the following steps:
designing angular velocity control quantity to realize theta tracking thetadWhile ensuring theta tracking β, where k is1、k2、k3Is a constant;
defining the Lyapunov function as V2Comprises the following steps:
Taking tangent plane function, i.e. sliding mode plane function s3=e3The angular velocity control law is designed as follows:
where sgn (t) is a sign function, thenThe system meets the Lyapunov stability theoretical condition;
eliminating angular velocity inversion controller interference, s, using a low pass filter as follows (15)iIs the input of a low pass filter, αiIs a constant greater than:
after the controller is constructed, whether the controller meets the stability of the system needs to be judged;
the Lyapunov function V is constructed as:
designing the tangent function such that s1,s2The trend is 0, and the constant velocity approach law is selected as follows:
wherein k is1、k2Is a constant number of times, and is,andis a tangent function s1And s2The first derivative of (2) is combined with the formula (18) in formula (17):
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a mobile robot model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a track tracking method of a wheeled mobile robot controlled by an inversion sliding mode according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing tracking effects in two different methods;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of tracking effects in x and y directions according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of linear and angular velocity control input in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which the technical problems and advantages of the present invention are solved, wherein the described examples are only intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting in any way.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a trajectory tracking method for a wheel-type mobile robot controlled by an inverse sliding mode, which specifically includes the following steps:
the independent double-rear-wheel differential drive mobile robot controls the speed and the direction of the robot through different speeds of two rear wheels, and a right-angle coordinate is established in a working plane of the mobile robot to obtain a mobile robot model, which is specifically shown in fig. 1;
from the mobile robot model as shown in fig. 1, the kinematic model equation (1) and the target trajectory equation (2) of the robot can be derived:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,andis the position of the mobile robot model in the x and y axes of the rectangular coordinate system,is the angular velocity of movement of the mobile robot model,andis the target position of the mobile robot model in the x and y axes of the rectangular coordinate system,is the moving target angular velocity of the mobile robot model, v and omega are the moving linear velocity and angular velocity of the mobile robot model respectively, theta is the included angle between the mobile robot model and the x axis, omega is the angular velocity of the mobile robot modeldIs the moving target angular velocity, theta, of the mobile robot modeldIs the target included angle between the mobile robot model and the x axis;
obtaining a pose error equation of the mobile robot by a coordinate basic transformation formula and combining the mobile robot model:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the pose error of the x-axis of the mobile robot model,is the pose error of the y-axis of the mobile robot model,is the angular velocity pose error of the mobile robot model;
step 3, providing constraint conditions meeting bounded input;
setting the path to be traced asIf the robot is able to converge and follow constraints, then it can track:
wherein V and ω are linear and angular velocities of the control input, VminIs the minimum value of the set linear velocity, VmaxIs set to the maximum linear velocity, WmaxIs the maximum value for the set angular velocity;
according to the model (1) of the mobile robot, ifTrackable, then the input of the mobile robot must also satisfy the constraint (4);
conditions (5) and (6) ensure that the robot tracks under constraint inputThey are thereforeAs a prerequisite for trackable trajectories;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,andfirst and second derivatives of the x-axis error equation,andfirst and second derivatives of the y-axis error equation, respectively;
redefining an error equation:
the linear velocity inversion controller is designed by the following steps:
defining Lyapunov function V1Comprises the following steps:
Taking the switching surface function, i.e. the sliding mode surface function as s1=e1,s2=e2;
Can realize e1,e2→ 0, by designing the virtual control amount β so that the transform m of β1And m2Respectively as follows:
the virtual control law and the linear velocity control law are designed in the same way as follows:
the angular velocity inversion controller is designed by the following steps:
designing angular velocity control quantity to realize theta tracking thetadWhile ensuring theta tracking β, where k is1、k2、k3Is a constant;
defining the Lyapunov function as V2Comprises the following steps:
Taking tangent plane function, i.e. sliding mode plane function s3=e3The angular velocity control law is designed as follows:
where sgn (t) is a sign function, thenThe system meets the Lyapunov stability theoretical condition;
eliminating angular velocity inversion controller interference, s, using a low pass filter as follows (15)iIs the input of a low pass filter, αiIs a constant greater than:
after the controller is constructed, whether the controller meets the stability of the system needs to be judged, if the controller is unreasonable in design, the system generates an unstable phenomenon in the control process, and the system error is increased, so that the test is failed, and therefore, the stability analysis is very necessary;
the Lyapunov function V is constructed as:
designing the tangent function such that s1,s2The trend is 0, and the constant velocity approach law is selected as follows:
wherein k is1、k2Is a constant number of times, and is,andis a tangent function s1And s2The first derivative of (2) is combined with the formula (18) in formula (17):
wherein V is more than or equal to 0 and can be continuous and micro,the Lyapunov stability theory can determine that the system is globally asymptotically stable.
In order to highlight the advantages of the invention by comparison, a track tracking method of the wheel-type mobile robot controlled by an inversion sliding mode without requirements on input is adopted for comparison and analysis:
the inversion controller is designed by the following steps:
defining the Lyapunov function as V1Comprises the following steps:
the first derivative of the Lyapunov function can be obtained from the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (3)
Taking a switching surface function, i.e. a sliding surface function s1=e1,s2=e2;
By designing the virtual control amount β so that the transform m of β1And m2Respectively as follows:
then
The system meets the Lyapunov stability theoretical condition;
from equation (1), the virtual control law and linear velocity can be designed as:
designing angular velocity control quantity to realize theta tracking thetadWhile ensuring theta tracking β, where k is1、k2、k3Is a constant; defining the Lyapunov function as V2Comprises the following steps:
Taking tangent plane function, i.e. sliding mode plane function s3=e3The angular velocity control law is designed as follows:
where sgn (t) is a sign function, thenThe system meets the Lyapunov stability theoretical condition; to eliminate interference, the following low-pass filter is used, siIs the input of a low pass filter, αiIs a constant greater than:
matlab simulation is carried out on the path tracking of the mobile robot by using the two methods, and the initial pose is [ 0.4-0.20 ]]The desired trajectory is xd=t,yd=sin(0.5xd). K is taken when a sliding mode controller based on inversion design is adopted to track a sinusoidal path1=k2=0.3,k3Q is 0.5 and 3. When the sinusoidal path is tracked by adopting an improved sliding mode controller based on bounded input, a-b-1.0 and p-q-10 are taken. The simulation results are shown in fig. 3-5.
Fig. 3 is a comparison graph of tracking effect under two different methods. As can be seen from fig. 3, the improved controller based on the bounded input achieves accurate path tracking within 0.2s, while the sliding mode controller based on the inverse design achieves more accurate path tracking after 6.3s before the improvement, so the improved method based on the bounded input has significantly better dynamic performance than the method based on the inverse design.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing the tracking effect in the x and y directions. In the x direction, the tracking effects of the two methods are not greatly different, but the improvement method based on the bounded input is still better than the method based on the inversion design; in the y-direction, the improvement method is significantly faster based on bounded inputs than the dynamic response based on the inverse design method.
Finally, the method of the present invention is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A track tracking method of a wheel type mobile robot controlled by an inversion sliding mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a wheeled mobile robot model and obtaining a kinematics equation and a target trajectory equation of the wheeled mobile robot model;
the independent double-rear-wheel differential drive mobile robot controls the speed and the direction of the robot through different speeds of two rear wheels, and a right-angle coordinate is established in a working plane of the mobile robot to obtain a mobile robot model;
obtaining a kinematic model equation (1) and a target track equation (2) of the robot according to the mobile robot model:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,andis the position of the mobile robot model in the x and y axes of the rectangular coordinate system,is the angular velocity of movement of the mobile robot model,andis the target position of the mobile robot model in the x and y axes of the rectangular coordinate system,is the moving target angular velocity of the mobile robot model, v and omega are the moving linear velocity and angular velocity of the mobile robot model respectively, theta is the included angle between the mobile robot model and the x axis, omega is the angular velocity of the mobile robot modeldIs the moving target angular velocity, theta, of the mobile robot modeldIs the target included angle between the mobile robot model and the x axis;
step 2, establishing a pose error equation of the wheeled mobile robot;
obtaining a pose error equation (3) of the mobile robot by combining a coordinate basic transformation formula and the mobile robot model:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the pose error of the x-axis of the mobile robot model,is the pose error of the y-axis of the mobile robot model,is the angular velocity pose error of the mobile robot model;
step 3, providing constraint conditions meeting bounded input;
setting the path to be traced asIf the robot is able to converge and follow constraints, then it can track:
wherein V and ω are linear and angular velocities of the control input, VminIs the minimum value of the set linear velocity, VmaxIs set to the maximum linear velocity, WmaxIs the maximum value for the set angular velocity;
according to the kinematic model equation (1) of the mobile robot, ifTrackable, then the input of the mobile robot must also satisfy the constraint (4);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,andfirst and second derivatives of the x-axis error equation,andfirst and second derivatives of the y-axis error equation, respectively;
redefining an error equation:
step 4, designing an inversion sliding mode controller of the wheeled mobile robot by using constraint conditions;
the linear velocity inversion sliding mode controller comprises the following design steps:
defining Lyapunov function V1Comprises the following steps:
the first derivative of the Lyapunov function can be obtained from the error equation (7)Comprises the following steps:
taking a switching surface function, i.e. a sliding surface function s1=e1,s2=e2;
Can realize e1,e2→ 0, by designing the virtual control amount β so that the transform m of β1And m2Respectively as follows:
the virtual control law and the linear velocity control law are designed in the same way as follows:
the angular velocity inversion controller is designed by the following steps:
designing angular velocity control quantity to realize theta tracking thetadWhile ensuring theta tracking β, where k is1、k2、k3Is a constant;
defining the Lyapunov function as V2Comprises the following steps:
Taking tangent plane function, i.e. sliding mode plane function s3=e3The angular velocity control law is designed as follows:
where sgn (t) is a sign function, thenThe system meets the Lyapunov stability theoretical condition;
eliminating angular velocity inversion controller interference, s, using a low pass filter as follows (15)iIs the input of a low pass filter, αiIs a constant greater than:
step 5, analyzing the stability of the controller;
after the controller is constructed, whether the controller meets the stability of the system needs to be judged;
the Lyapunov function V is constructed as:
designing the tangent function such that s1,s2The trend is 0, and the constant velocity approach law is selected as follows:
wherein k is1、k2Is a constant number of times, and is,andis a tangent function s1And s2The first derivative of (2) is combined with the formula (18) in formula (17):
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CN113805585A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-17 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | Mobile robot tracking control method under complex constraint |
CN114019796A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-02-08 | 黄山学院 | Mobile robot fixed time tracking control method considering input constraint |
CN114019796B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-03-10 | 黄山学院 | Mobile robot fixed time tracking control method considering input constraint |
CN114047752A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Mecanum wheel mobile robot track tracking control method based on fuzzy inversion sliding mode |
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