CN110865372A - Target height information extraction method based on synthetic aperture radar multi-azimuth observation - Google Patents
Target height information extraction method based on synthetic aperture radar multi-azimuth observation Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
- G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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Abstract
The invention provides a target height information extraction method based on multi-azimuth observation of a synthetic aperture radar, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a multi-azimuth angle observation image of a target by using a synthetic aperture radar; performing preliminary geometric registration on the images, and registering the images into a unified coordinate grid; respectively carrying out re-registration by taking the flat land area and the target top area as the attention areas to obtain registration offset; calculating the target height by using the registration offset to obtain a plurality of target height calculation values; and fusing and solving the plurality of target height calculation values to obtain target height information. According to the method, the target is observed for multiple times from multiple azimuth angles by using the synthetic aperture radar, a multi-azimuth angle observation image of the target is obtained, and then height calculation results of multiple azimuths of the target are obtained; and finally, averaging the height calculation results obtained from different azimuth angles, thereby improving the extraction precision of the target height information and further improving the application benefit of the synthetic aperture radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing, and particularly relates to a synthetic aperture radar-based multi-azimuth observation target height information extraction method.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active remote sensing device which can work all day long and all weather to obtain high resolution ground scene SAR images. The synthetic aperture radar only forms a synthetic aperture in a one-dimensional direction of a distance normal plane, so that an SAR two-dimensional image is actually the projection of a three-dimensional scene in an azimuth-distance direction two-dimensional plane, and the problem of cylindrical symmetry ambiguity exists, namely, targets with the same slant range are compressed into the same range gate, and the height information of the targets cannot be acquired. And the acquisition of the target height information is an important content for improving the application benefit of the synthetic aperture radar.
In view of the above, a new method for extracting target height information based on multi-directional observation of a synthetic aperture radar is urgently needed to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that a synthetic aperture radar is difficult to acquire target height information, and provides a novel method for extracting target height information based on multi-azimuth observation of the synthetic aperture radar.
In order to achieve the above object, a technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for extracting target height information based on multi-directional observation of a synthetic aperture radar, comprising the following steps: acquiring a multi-azimuth angle observation image of a target by using a synthetic aperture radar; performing preliminary geometric registration on the images, and registering the images into a unified coordinate grid; respectively carrying out re-registration by taking the flat land area and the target top area as the attention areas to obtain registration offset; calculating the target height by using the registration offset to obtain a plurality of target height calculation values; and fusing and solving the plurality of target height calculation values to obtain target height information.
Further, the specific step of using the synthetic aperture radar to acquire the multi-azimuth angle observation image of the target includes: and observing the target from a plurality of azimuth angles to obtain the synthetic aperture radar single vision complex images of the target at N azimuth angles, wherein N is more than or equal to 2.
Further, the preliminary geometric registration of the image, and the specific step of registering the image into a unified coordinate grid includes: and (3) geometrically registering images, namely registering the images on a uniform projection grid by using parameters such as the position, the speed, the Doppler center, the slant range and the like of the synthetic aperture radar.
Further, the registration is performed again by taking the flat land area as the attention area, and the specific step of obtaining the registration offset includes: selecting any one of the N images as a main image, taking the other N-1 images as auxiliary images, taking the flat land area in the images as a focus area, carrying out image fine registration to obtain a registration offset (x)n,yn) Wherein x isnThe unit is the pixel number for the azimuth registration offset; y isnThe distance-wise registration offset is expressed in units of pixel number; n-1.
Further, the registration is performed again by taking the top region as the attention region, and the specific step of obtaining the registration offset includes: performing image fine registration by taking a target top area in the image as a region of interest to obtain a registration offset (x'n,y′n) Wherein, x'nThe unit is the pixel number for the azimuth registration offset; y'nThe distance-wise registration offset is expressed in units of pixel number; n-1. Further, the solving formula for obtaining the multiple target height solution values by using the registration offset is as follows:
where ρ isxFor azimuthal sampling interval of the image, pyDistance-wise sampling interval for images αnThe lower visual angle of the nth auxiliary image; delta thetanIs the difference between the azimuth angles of the main image and the nth auxiliary image.
Further, the specific step of fusion solving the plurality of target height solution values includes: and carrying out average processing on the obtained N-1 height calculation values.
Further, the formula adopted by the averaging process is as follows:
the method for extracting the target height information based on the synthetic aperture radar multi-azimuth observation has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, the target is observed for multiple times from multiple azimuth angles by using the synthetic aperture radar, a multi-azimuth angle observation image of the target is obtained, and then height calculation results of multiple azimuths of the target are obtained; and finally, averaging the height calculation results obtained from different azimuth angles, thereby improving the extraction precision of the target height information and further improving the application benefit of the synthetic aperture radar.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting target altitude information based on multi-azimuth observation of a synthetic aperture radar according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a geometric schematic diagram of multi-angle observation imaging in the method for extracting target height information based on multi-azimuth observation of synthetic aperture radar.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for extracting target height information based on multi-azimuth observation of a synthetic aperture radar according to the present invention, and the following describes the working flow thereof in detail.
The method comprises the following steps: target acquisition using synthetic aperture radarAnd observing the image from multiple angles. Specifically, the synthetic aperture radar is used for acquiring multi-azimuth observation images, the target is observed from a plurality of azimuth angles, the synthetic aperture radar single-view complex images of the target at N azimuth angles are acquired, N is not less than 2, and the azimuth angle is theta1,θ2,...,θN。
In particular, the platform used may be airborne or spaceborne. For the airborne platform, multiple observation is easy to realize, and for the satellite-borne platform, different combinations of rail ascending, rail descending, left view and right view can be utilized to obtain observation data of multiple azimuth angles. In order to ensure the extraction accuracy of the target height information, the total azimuth span should be as large as possible.
Step two: and carrying out preliminary geometric registration on the images, and registering the images into a unified coordinate grid. Specifically, the image is registered to a uniform projection grid by using parameters such as the position, the speed, the Doppler center, the slant range and the like of the synthetic aperture radar.
Specifically, since images obtained from different azimuth angles are mainly registered on a uniform grid, accurate external numerical elevation model data (DEM data) is not required in specific processing, and the DEM data with low accuracy or the earth ellipsoid model can be directly used.
Step three: and performing registration again by taking the flat land area as a focus area to obtain a registration offset. Specifically, the M image is selected as a main image, other N-1 images are selected as auxiliary images, a flat ground area in the image is taken as a focus area, image fine registration is carried out, and registration offset (x) is obtainedn,yn) Wherein x isnThe unit is the pixel number for the azimuth registration offset; y isnThe distance-wise registration offset is expressed in units of pixel number; n-1.
In the specific processing, a correlation function method can be selected for carrying out fine registration of the images, when the difference of the azimuth angles of the main image and the auxiliary image is large, the precision of the pure registration method based on the correlation is poor, and at the moment, feature points and feature lines without geometric distortion in a multi-azimuth observation image are required to be combined as control points, so that the registration precision is improved.
Step four: and performing registration again by taking the target top area as the attention area to obtain a registration offset. Specifically, the target top area in the image is taken as the attention area, the image fine registration is carried out, and the registration offset (x'n,y′n) Wherein, x'nThe unit is the pixel number for the azimuth registration offset; y'nThe distance-wise registration offset is expressed in units of pixel number; n-1.
In the specific processing, when the top area of the target is large, a correlation function method can be selected for fine registration, and if the top area of the target is too small, registration is difficult to be performed by adopting the correlation function method, feature points and feature lines can be used as control points for registration.
Step five: and resolving the target height by using the registration offset to obtain a plurality of target height solution values. In particular, FIG. 2 shows the imaging geometry for two different orientations for the same target, where XOY is the projection plane in the geometric registration, S1、S2For the position of the radar in two observations, α1、α2Is the incident angle of the radar in two observations, theta is the difference between the azimuth angles in the two observations, h is the height of the target point T relative to the XOY plane, T1、T2For the imaging position of the target point T in the XOY plane in two observations, L1、L2Is T1、T2Distance from the origin O. In connection with the imaging geometry, the specific formula for solving the target height using the registration offset is as follows,
where ρ isxFor azimuthal sampling interval of the image, pyDistance-wise sampling interval for images αnThe lower visual angle of the nth auxiliary image; delta thetanIs the difference between the azimuth angles of the main image and the nth auxiliary image.
Step six: and fusing and solving the plurality of target height calculation values to obtain target height information. In particular, the obtained N-1 height solution result hnN-1 is averaged to obtain a final estimation result h of the target height, and a specific formula is shown as follows:
the present invention further provides a device with a storage function, wherein program data are stored thereon, and the device is characterized in that the program data, when being executed by a processor, implement any one of the above-mentioned methods for extracting height information of a target based on multi-directional observation of a synthetic aperture radar, and for detailed description of related contents, reference is made to the above-mentioned method section, which is not repeated herein.
The device with storage function may be at least one of a server, a floppy disk drive, a hard disk drive, a CD-ROM reader, a magneto-optical disk reader, and the like.
The method for extracting the target height information based on the synthetic aperture radar multi-azimuth observation has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, the target is observed for multiple times from multiple azimuth angles by using the synthetic aperture radar, a multi-azimuth angle observation image of the target is obtained, and then height calculation results of multiple azimuths of the target are obtained; and finally, averaging the height calculation results obtained from different azimuth angles, thereby improving the extraction precision of the target height information and further improving the application benefit of the synthetic aperture radar. The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A target height information extraction method based on multi-azimuth observation of a synthetic aperture radar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a multi-azimuth angle observation image of a target by using a synthetic aperture radar;
performing preliminary geometric registration on the images, and registering the images into a unified coordinate grid;
respectively carrying out re-registration by taking the flat land area and the target top area as the attention areas to obtain registration offset;
calculating the target height by using the registration offset to obtain a plurality of target height calculation values;
and fusing and solving the plurality of target height calculation values to obtain target height information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the multi-azimuth angle observation image of the target by using the synthetic aperture radar comprises: and observing the target from a plurality of azimuth angles to obtain the synthetic aperture radar single vision complex images of the target at N azimuth angles, wherein N is more than or equal to 2.
3. The method for extracting the target height information based on the multi-azimuth observation of the synthetic aperture radar as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preliminary geometric registration of the images, the specific step of registering the images into the unified coordinate grid includes: and (3) geometrically registering images, namely registering the images on a uniform projection grid by using parameters such as the position, the speed, the Doppler center, the slant range and the like of the synthetic aperture radar.
4. The method for extracting the target height information based on the multi-azimuth observation of the synthetic aperture radar as claimed in claim 3, wherein the registration is performed again by taking the flat ground area as the attention area, and the specific step of obtaining the registration offset comprises: selecting any one of the N images as a main image, taking the other N-1 images as auxiliary images, taking the flat land area in the images as a focus area, carrying out image fine registration to obtain a registration offset (x)n,yn) Wherein x isnThe unit is the pixel number for the azimuth registration offset; y isnThe distance-wise registration offset is expressed in units of pixel number; n-1.
5. The method for extracting the target height information based on the multi-azimuth observation of the synthetic aperture radar as claimed in claim 4, wherein the registration is performed again by taking the top area as the attention area, and the specific step of obtaining the registration offset comprises: performing image fine registration by taking a target top area in the image as a region of interest to obtain a registration offset (x'n,y′n) Wherein, x'nThe unit is the pixel number for the azimuth registration offset; y'nThe distance-wise registration offset is expressed in units of pixel number; n-1.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the target height is calculated by using the registration offset, and a calculation formula for obtaining a plurality of calculated values of the target height is as follows:
n＝1,2,...,N-1
where ρ isxFor azimuthal sampling interval of the image, pyDistance-wise sampling interval for images αnThe lower visual angle of the nth auxiliary image; delta thetanIs the difference between the azimuth angles of the main image and the nth auxiliary image.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of solving the fused values of the target altitude solutions comprises: and carrying out average processing on the obtained N-1 height calculation values.
8. The method for acquiring the target height information by the synthetic aperture radar according to claim 7, wherein the averaging process uses the formula:
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