CN110863824A - Back pressure sensor and annulus liquid level testing method - Google Patents
Back pressure sensor and annulus liquid level testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110863824A CN110863824A CN201810932898.4A CN201810932898A CN110863824A CN 110863824 A CN110863824 A CN 110863824A CN 201810932898 A CN201810932898 A CN 201810932898A CN 110863824 A CN110863824 A CN 110863824A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/01—Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a back pressure sensor and an annulus liquid level testing method, and belongs to the field of annulus liquid level testing. This back pressure sensor includes: the device comprises a shell, a top cover, a connecting rod, a push-pull component, a piston and a pressure sensing element; the first end of the shell is an open end and is used for connecting an oil well mouth, and the second end of the shell is provided with a top cover; the connecting rod penetrates through a through hole in the center of the top cover, the first end of the connecting rod is connected with the piston, and the second end of the connecting rod is connected with the push-pull component; the outer diameter of the piston is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell, and the axial center of the piston is positioned on the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell and used for moving along the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell; the push-pull component is used for pushing and pulling the connecting rod, driving the piston to move in the inner cavity of the shell and generating a pressure wave signal; the pressure sensing element is used for receiving a reflected echo signal formed by the pressure wave signal and converting the reflected echo signal into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is used for the test equipment to generate an annular liquid level test result. The back pressure sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention is safe, low in cost and convenient to carry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of annulus liquid level testing, in particular to a back pressure sensor and an annulus liquid level testing method.
Background
In the process of monitoring the oil field, the liquid supply capacity of the oil well can be known according to the liquid level of the annular space of the oil well, and a reasonable working system of the oil well is worked out, so that the exploitation efficiency of the oil field is improved. Therefore, annulus level testing has become an important task in oilfield monitoring.
In the related art, echo testing technology is generally used to perform well annulus level testing. The echo testing technology needs to be matched with a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, a high-pressure gas pipe, a wellhead connecting device, a sound wave transceiver and testing equipment, wherein the wellhead connecting device is internally provided with a high-pressure gas chamber capable of storing nitrogen and an excitation device used for releasing the nitrogen, and the equipment is arranged at the wellhead of an oil well. In the test process, firstly, nitrogen in a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is injected into a high-pressure air chamber through a high-pressure air pipe, then the high-pressure air pipe is taken down, the high-pressure nitrogen injected into the high-pressure air chamber is released into an oil well by starting an excitation device, a sound wave signal can be generated in the process of releasing the nitrogen, the sound wave signal is transmitted to the bottom of the well, a reflected sound wave signal is formed when the liquid level is met in the transmission process, the reflected sound wave signal is transmitted to the wellhead, the reflected sound wave signal is converted into a voltage signal after the sound wave transceiver receives the reflected sound wave signal, the voltage signal is transmitted to test equipment, the test equipment tests and generates a test result according to the voltage signal, and the test on.
The problems with this testing procedure are: firstly, the sound wave vibration generated in the high-pressure nitrogen release process can damage human bodies or equipment near the wellhead of the oil well; secondly, need dispose parts such as high-pressure nitrogen gas bottle, high-pressure gas-supply pipe in addition, equipment cost is higher, and because the volume of high-pressure nitrogen gas bottle is great, portable not.
Disclosure of Invention
The problems that in the related art, human bodies or equipment near an oil well mouth are damaged due to sound wave vibration, equipment cost is high due to the fact that components such as a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder and a high-pressure gas conveying pipe are arranged, and the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is large in size and inconvenient to carry are solved.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a back pressure sensor, where the back pressure sensor includes: the device comprises a shell, a top cover, a connecting rod, a push-pull component, a movable piston arranged in an inner cavity of the shell, a plurality of righting keys arranged on the outer wall of the piston and a pressure sensing element arranged at the bottom of the piston;
the first end of the shell is an open end and is used for being connected with an oil well mouth, and the second end of the shell is provided with the top cover;
the connecting rod penetrates through a through hole in the center of the top cover, the first end of the connecting rod is connected with the piston, and the second end of the connecting rod is connected with the push-pull component;
the outer diameter of the piston is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell, so that the upper area and the lower area of the piston are communicated, static pressure is kept consistent in the moving process of the piston, and the axial center of the piston is located on the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell and used for moving along the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell;
the plurality of righting keys are in contact with the inner wall of the shell and are symmetrical about the central axis of the inner cavity of the shell, and each righting key is used for righting the piston so that the piston moves along the central axis of the inner cavity of the shell;
the push-pull component is used for pushing and pulling the connecting rod to drive the piston to move in the inner cavity of the shell, and a pressure wave signal is generated in the moving process;
the pressure sensing element is used for receiving a reflection echo signal formed by the pressure wave signal on the liquid level of the oil well annulus and converting the reflection echo signal into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is used for the test equipment to generate an annulus liquid level test result.
In one possible implementation, the back pressure sensor further includes: an electrode lead, a signal line, and a signal interface;
the piston is provided with a first through hole on a central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell, and the connecting rod is provided with a second through hole on the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell;
the electrode lead is connected with the pressure sensing element, the first end of the signal wire is connected with the electrode lead, and the second end of the signal wire passes through the first through hole and the second through hole to be connected with the signal interface;
the electrode lead is used for transmitting the voltage signal to the signal interface through the signal line, and the signal interface is used for transmitting the voltage signal to the test equipment.
In a possible implementation manner, the pressure sensing element is in a circular ring shape, and the electrode lead is connected with the signal line through a circular hole in the center of the pressure sensing element.
In one possible implementation manner, a first end of the electrode wire is connected to the pressure sensing element, and a second end of the electrode wire is connected to a first end of the signal line.
In one possible implementation, the piston includes: a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being located below the second portion;
the first part is cylindrical, and the second part is in a circular truncated cone shape;
the bottom of the first part is provided with a circular groove, and the pressure sensing element is arranged in the circular groove.
In one possible implementation, the back pressure sensor further includes: a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port;
the first port is arranged on the inner side of the top cover and used for buffering the impact of the piston on the top cover in the back-pulling process;
the second port is arranged on the outer side of the top cover and used for buffering the impact of the push-pull component on the top cover in the forward pushing process;
the third port is connected with the top of the piston and the first end of the connecting rod and is used for buffering the impact of the piston on the top cover in the back-pulling process;
the fourth port is connected with the second end of the connecting rod and used for buffering the impact of the push-pull component on the top cover in the forward pushing process.
In a possible implementation manner, the second port and the fourth port are provided with paired engaging bayonets, the second port is provided with a first magnet, the fourth port is provided with a second magnet, and the polarities of the first magnet and the second magnet are different;
when the second port and the occlusion bayonet arranged at the fourth port are clamped tightly, the first magnet is contacted with the second magnet and mutually attracted;
when the second port and the occlusion bayonet arranged at the fourth port are loosened, the first magnet is separated from the second magnet.
In one possible implementation, the back pressure sensor further includes: a protective cover and a protective net;
the protective cover is arranged at the bottom of the piston, and the size of the protective cover is equal to that of the bottom of the piston;
the protective cover is positioned on the outer side of the pressure sensing element, a third through hole is formed in the center of the protective cover, and the size of the third through hole is equal to that of the pressure sensing element;
the protection net is connected with the protection cover and is positioned at the outer side of the protection cover;
the protection net includes: the pressure-sensitive element comprises a steel wire mesh and a deformable sheet, wherein the steel wire mesh is square and used for blocking oil stains and protecting the pressure-sensitive element, the sheet surrounds the steel wire mesh, and the outer diameter of the sheet is larger than the inner diameter of the shell.
In one possible implementation, the protective mesh is used to isolate air on both sides of the sheet when the pressure difference across the protective mesh is insufficient to deform the sheet; when the pressure difference between the two sides of the protective net causes the thin sheet to deform, the air on the two sides of the thin sheet is communicated.
In a possible implementation manner, a dynamic seal is arranged inside the through hole in the center of the top cover, and the dynamic seal is used for being in dynamic seal with the connecting rod;
the connecting rod is in be provided with the second through-hole on the center pin of casing inner chamber, the inboard of second through-hole is provided with static and seals, static seals is used for with signal line static seal.
In one possible implementation, the back pressure sensor further includes: the filter screen, the filter screen with the first end screwed connection of casing for block well head greasy dirt.
In one possible implementation, the back pressure sensor further includes a plurality of handles and a plurality of concave holes disposed outside the housing;
the plurality of handles are symmetrical about a central axis of the housing interior cavity for installing or removing the back pressure sensor at the wellhead while rotating about the central axis;
the plurality of concave holes are symmetrical about the central axis of the inner cavity of the shell and used for hooking a sizing wrench, and the sizing wrench is used for driving the back pressure sensor to rotate around the central axis, so that the oil well mouth is installed or disassembled to the back pressure sensor.
In one possible implementation, the back pressure sensor further includes: and the standby end cover is in threaded connection with the first end of the shell in a non-working state and protects the back pressure sensor.
In one possible implementation, the push-pull component is an electromechanical device, and the electromechanical device includes: the telescopic shaft lever clamping head is connected with the connecting rod, and the control module is used for pushing and pulling the connecting rod through the shaft lever clamping head.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for testing the liquid level of an annular space, which comprises the following steps:
when the push-pull component moves, the connecting rod is pushed and pulled to drive the piston to move in the inner cavity of the shell;
generating a pressure wave signal in the moving process, and forming a reflected echo signal when the pressure wave signal is transmitted to the liquid level of the oil well annulus;
the reflected echo signal is transmitted to the pressure sensing element;
and the pressure sensing element receives the reflection echo signal and converts the reflection echo signal into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is used for the test equipment to generate an annular liquid level test result.
In one possible implementation, the transmitting the voltage signal to the test device includes:
and transmitting the voltage signal to a signal interface through an electrode lead and a signal wire, and receiving the voltage signal through the signal interface by the test equipment.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes:
after the second port is contacted with the fourth port, the push-pull component rotates towards the first direction and moves towards the direction close to the shell, so that the engagement bayonets of the second port and the fourth port are clamped tightly, and the first magnet is contacted with the second magnet and mutually attracted; or,
under the state that the engaging bayonets of the second port and the fourth port are clamped tightly, the push-pull component rotates towards a second direction to enable the engaging bayonets of the second port and the fourth port to be loosened, the first magnet is separated from the second magnet, and the push-pull component moves towards the direction far away from the shell.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes:
rotating a plurality of handles to enable the handles to drive the back pressure sensor to rotate around a central shaft of an inner cavity of the shell, and installing or disassembling the back pressure sensor at the wellhead of the oil well; or,
and hooking a setting wrench at the plurality of concave holes to enable the plurality of concave holes to drive the back pressure sensor to rotate around the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell, and installing or disassembling the oil well mouth.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a back pressure sensor taking pressure waves as signals and an annulus liquid level testing method. The pressure wave signal that produces and reflection echo signal are the static pressure wave in this test procedure, so adopt this back pressure sensor can not cause the harm to near human or the equipment of oil well wellhead, and back pressure sensor simple structure need not dispose parts such as high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, high-pressure gas-supply pipe, and equipment cost is lower and portable.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a back pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom view and a schematic top view of a back pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a piston according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a second port and a fourth port according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for testing the liquid level of the annulus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numerals in the drawings denote:
1-shell, 2-top cover, 3-connecting rod,
4-push-pull parts, 5-piston, 6-righting key
7-pressure sensing element, 8-electrode lead, 9-signal wire,
10-signal interface, 11-first port, 12-second port,
1201-first magnet, 13-third port, 14-fourth port,
1401-second magnet, 15-protective shield, 16-protective mesh,
1601-steel wire mesh, 1602-sheet, 17-dynamic seal,
18-filter screen, 19-handle, 20-concave hole,
21-spare end cap.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will describe embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a back pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1. This back pressure sensor includes: the device comprises a shell 1, a top cover 2, a connecting rod 3, a push-pull component 4, a movable piston 5 arranged in an inner cavity of the shell 1, and a pressure sensing element 7 arranged at the bottom of the piston 5.
Wherein, the first end of casing 1 is the open end, and this open end is the open structure of cavity, and the outer wall of open end is used for connecting the oil well head, makes the oil well constitute a communicating region with the inner chamber of casing 1. Optionally, the oil well mouth is provided with the standard awl and detains the internal thread, and the outer wall of open end is provided with and detains internal thread assorted external screw thread with oil well mouth standard awl, then open end and oil well mouth can threaded connection. Of course, other connections between the open end and the wellhead may be used.
Optionally, the housing 1 is a steel cylinder, or may be made of other materials.
The second end of casing 1 is provided with top cap 2, and top cap 2 is used for the separation casing 1 inner chamber and external zone, makes when the well head is connected to the first end of casing 1, and the oil well constitutes a sealed intercommunication region with the inner chamber of casing 1.
The axial center of the piston 5 is located on the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1 for movement along the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1. The center of the top cover 2 is provided with a through hole, the connecting rod 3 passes through the through hole in the center of the top cover 2, the first end of the connecting rod 3 is connected with the piston 5, and the second end of the connecting rod 3 is connected with the push-pull component 4, so that the piston 5 and the push-pull component 4 are connected. And the push-pull component 4 is used for pushing and pulling the connecting rod 3 to drive the piston 5 to move in the inner cavity of the shell 1.
Because the closed gas exists in the closed communication area formed by the inner cavity of the shell 1 and the wellhead of the oil well, when the piston 5 moves in the inner cavity of the shell 1, the closed gas can be extruded or expanded to form pressure fluctuation of a closed space, and further a pressure wave signal is generated.
This pressure wave signal propagates to the shaft bottom, can reflect when meetting the annular liquid surface of oil well, forms reflection echo signal, and reflection echo signal propagates to the well head, is set up pressure sensing element 7 in the piston 5 bottom and receives, and pressure sensing element 7 is used for receiving reflection echo signal, and pressure sensing element 7 is piezoelectric transduction component, can convert reflection echo signal into voltage signal, and voltage signal can regard as test signal source for supply test equipment to generate annular liquid level test result.
Therefore, the test equipment collects the received voltage signal, carries out logic analysis on the voltage signal and generates an annulus liquid level test curve, the annulus liquid level test curve can show the position of the annulus liquid level in the oil well, and the operator can know the actual condition of the annulus liquid level by looking over the annulus liquid level test curve.
Fig. 2 is a schematic bottom view and a schematic top view of a back pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an outer diameter of the piston 5 is smaller than an inner diameter of the housing 1, so that an upper region and a lower region of the piston 5 are communicated, and a static pressure can be always kept uniform during movement of the piston 5, thereby reducing a resistance during movement of the piston 5.
In a possible implementation manner, the connection manner of the piston 5 and the first end of the connecting rod 3 may be a welding manner, a clamping manner, a threaded connection, and the like, which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention, and for example, the piston 5 is threaded to one end of the connecting rod 3.
In another possible implementation manner, in order to enable the piston 5 to move along the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1, the back pressure sensor further includes a plurality of centering keys 6 disposed on the outer wall of the piston 5, and the centering keys 6 are in contact with the inner wall of the housing 1 and symmetrical about the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1, so that the position of the piston 5 can be limited by the centering keys 6, and it is ensured that the piston 5 can move along the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1 without shaking. The number of the centering keys 6 may be any integer not less than 4, the friction surface of the centering keys 6 contacting the inner wall of the housing 1 is smooth to reduce the friction resistance between the piston 5 and the inner wall of the housing 1, and the friction surface may be any shape meeting the requirement. Illustratively, the number of the righting keys 6 is 4, and the friction surface of each righting key 6 is a smooth circular arc surface.
According to the back pressure sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention, the movable piston is arranged in the inner cavity of the shell, the pressure sensing element 7 is arranged at the bottom of the piston, the piston 5 is driven to move in the inner cavity of the shell by moving the push-pull component 4, so that a pressure wave signal is generated, a reflected echo signal formed by the pressure wave signal on the liquid level of the oil well annulus is received by the pressure sensing element 7 and is converted into a voltage signal to be used as a test signal source. The reflection echo signal that produces in the test procedure is the static pressure wave, can not cause the harm to near human body or the equipment of oil well wellhead, and back pressure sensor simple structure need not dispose parts such as high-pressure nitrogen gas bottle, high-pressure gas-supply pipe, and equipment cost is lower and portable. The back pressure sensor in practical application has small volume and light weight, can reach the diameter of 75mm (millimeter), the height of 300mm and the weight of 3kg (kilogram), is convenient to carry, install and disassemble, and reduces the labor intensity in the operation process.
In addition, during the operation of the oil well, the annular state of the oil well is generally required to be stable and cannot be changed due to safety considerations. The prior art method of releasing nitrogen into an oil well to generate a sound wave signal can change the annular state of the oil well and is limited by field management regulations. The mode of generating the pressure wave signal in the embodiment of the invention does not change the natural state of the oil well annulus and is not limited by field management regulations.
Optionally, the moving distance of the piston 5 may affect the strength of the formed reflected echo signal, and in order to ensure that the strength of the reflected echo signal is large enough to meet the test requirement, the moving distance of the piston 5 needs to be long enough. Therefore, when the push-pull member 4 pushes and pulls the piston 5, the push-pull member 4 can be moved to the maximum position away from the housing 1 from the position outside the top cover of the housing 1 or to the position outside the top cover of the housing 1 from the maximum position away from the housing 1 at a time, and a set of reflected echo signals with sufficient strength is generated.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the back pressure sensor further includes: electrode lead 8, signal line 9, and signal interface 10. The electrode lead 8 is connected with the pressure sensing element 7, the first end of the signal wire 9 is connected with the electrode lead 8, and the second end of the signal wire 9 passes through the first through hole and the second through hole to be connected with the signal interface 10.
The piston 5 is provided with a first through hole on the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1, and the connecting rod 3 is provided with a second through hole on the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1, so that the first through hole and the second through hole are opposite to each other, and thus the signal line 9 passes through the first through hole and the second through hole. Wherein, the inner diameters of the first through hole and the second through hole are equal, and then the connecting rod 3 is connected with the piston 5, so that the first through hole and the second through hole can be spliced to form a through hole.
The electrode lead 8 is used for transmitting a voltage signal to the signal interface 10 through the signal line 9, the signal interface 10 is used for being connected with a test device, transmitting the voltage signal to the test device, and the test device performs a test according to the voltage signal.
The connection mode of the signal interface 10 and the test equipment may be a wired connection or a wireless connection. For example: the signal interface 10 can be a shaped interface socket mounted on the push-pull member 4, the shaped interface socket and the signal wire 9 are fixed by soldering, and are connected with a testing device through a wired cable, wherein the testing device can be a liquid level tester, and the connection mode can be connected through the wired cable.
It should be noted that, the pressure wave signal is generated from the fast moving link 3 to the end of the test by the testing equipment, and the test result is generated, the duration of the time is generally about 20s (second), and in order to ensure the accuracy of the test, the operator cannot touch the components affecting the test, such as the back pressure sensor and the testing equipment, during the period. After the test is finished, other operations can be carried out, such as resetting the connecting rod 3 and then carrying out the test again, or moving the connecting rod 3 in the opposite direction and carrying out the reverse signal test.
Alternatively, the signal interface 10 may be a wireless transmitting module mounted on the push-pull member 4, the wireless transmitting module is used for transmitting wireless voltage signals, and may be an antenna or other transmitting devices, and the testing equipment is provided with a matched wireless receiving module to realize wireless transmission of the voltage signals. For example, the test device may be an RTU (Remote terminal unit). In addition, the push-pull component 4 may further include a modulation circuit connected to the wireless transmitting module, a micro-power consumption radio station, a battery, and other components to ensure the normal operation of the wireless transmitting module.
In one possible implementation, the pressure-sensitive element 7 may be in various shapes such as a circle or a square, and the center of the pressure-sensitive element 7 is provided with a circular hole. For example, the pressure-sensitive element 7 may be in the form of a circular ring.
The electrode lead 8 is connected to the signal line 9 through a circular hole in the center of the pressure sensing element 7, that is, a first end of the electrode lead 8 is connected to the pressure sensing element 7, and a second end of the electrode lead 8 is connected to a first end of the signal line 9. The number of the electrode leads 8, the type of the signal lines 9, the connection mode between the electrode leads 8 and the pressure sensing element 7, and the connection mode between the electrode leads 8 and the signal lines 9 can be set arbitrarily, and only the requirements can be met.
Illustratively, the number of the electrode leads 8 is 2, the signal line 9 is a thin coaxial cable, metal coatings are provided on both surfaces of the pressure-sensitive element 7, and the electrode of the pressure-sensitive element 7 is connected to one end of the electrode lead 8, the other end of the electrode lead 8 is connected to the thin coaxial cable, and the thin coaxial cable is connected to the signal interface 10 through a first through hole on the piston 5 and a second through hole on the connecting rod 3.
It should be noted that the inner diameter of the circular hole formed in the center of the pressure-sensitive element 7 may be greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the first through hole, and the circular hole may be opposite to the first through hole and the second through hole, so as to form a through hole by splicing.
In another possible implementation manner, in the back pressure sensor, a dynamic seal 17 is arranged inside the through hole in the center of the top cover 2 and used for dynamically sealing with the connecting rod 3, so that the tightness of the back pressure sensor is ensured during the movement of the connecting rod 3. The inner side of the second through hole of the connecting rod 3 is provided with a static seal for static sealing with the signal wire 9 so as to ensure the sealing performance of the inner cavity of the shell 1 under the working state, and the dynamic seal and the static seal can both play a role in the working environment within 10MPa (megapascal), and are suitable for most oil wells.
In a possible implementation manner, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a piston according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the left drawing is a bottom view of the piston 5 configured with the protection net 1, and the right drawing is a side sectional view of the piston 5 configured with the protection net 16, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the piston 5 includes: the pressure sensing device comprises a first part and a second part, wherein the first part is positioned below the second part, the first part is cylindrical, the second part is in a circular truncated cone shape, a circular groove is formed in the bottom of the first part, the pressure sensing element 7 is arranged in the circular groove, the arrangement mode can be any mode, and only the pressure sensing element 7 is required to be fixed in the circular groove.
For example, the contact area of the pressure-sensitive element 7 and the circular groove can be wrapped by the protective film and adhered in the circular groove by using an adhesive and then moderately pressed. Wherein the protective film may be an anticorrosive and insulating protective film.
In addition, when the piston 5 is connected to the first end of the connecting rod 3, in a possible manner, the top of the second portion may be connected to the first end of the connecting rod 3. For example, a through hole having an internal thread is provided at the top of the second portion, and an external thread is provided at the first end of the rod 3, so that the top of the second portion is threadedly coupled to the first end of the rod 3. In another possibility, the first end of the connecting rod 3 may be connected to the second part and through the second part to the first part. If a through hole with an internal thread is provided on the second part and a threaded hole corresponding to the through hole is provided in the first part, an external thread is provided at the first end of the connecting rod 3, so that the first part and the second part are both in threaded connection with the first end of the connecting rod 3.
In a possible implementation manner, fig. 4 is a schematic clamping diagram of a second port and a fourth port provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in order to buffer the impact of the connecting rod 3 on the bottom cover during the moving process and avoid damaging the back pressure sensor due to vibration, the back pressure sensor further comprises: first port 11, second port 12, third port 13 and fourth port 14, wherein, first port 11 and second port 12 set up respectively in the inboard and the outside of top cap 2, and third port 13 and fourth port 14 set up respectively in the first end and the second end of connecting rod 3, and first port 11 and third port 13 are used for buffering the striking of piston 5 to the top cap 2 inboard in the back-pull process, and second port 12 and fourth port 14 are used for buffering the striking of push-and-pull part 4 to the top cap 2 outside in the process of pushing forward.
The third port 13 and the first end of the connecting rod 3 and the piston 5 may be connected in any manner, for example, the third port 13 is connected with the first end of the connecting rod 3 by a screw and is connected with a top screw of the piston 5. The first port 11, the second port 12, the third port 13 and the fourth port 14 are made of an elastic hard rubber material or other elastic materials.
In addition, the cap 2 and the third and fourth ports 13 and 14 provided on the connecting rod 3 also serve to limit the movable distance of the piston 5 in the inner cavity of the housing 1, so as to avoid the situation that the piston 5 moves too far when the force acting on the push-pull member 4 is too large.
In detail, when the push-pull member 4 is pulled to move upward along the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1, the piston 5 is driven to move upward along the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1, and when the third port 13 contacts the first port 11, the piston 5 can be restricted from moving upward even if the force acting on the push-pull member 4 is increased.
Similarly, when the push-pull member 4 is pushed to move downwards along the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1, the piston 5 is driven to move downwards along the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1, and after the fourth port 14 contacts the second port 12, even if the force acting on the push-pull member 4 is increased, the piston 5 can be limited to move downwards continuously.
In a possible implementation, the push-pull member 4 should be pushed forward close to the housing 1 in the non-operating state to protect the back pressure sensor. To this end, the second port 12 and the fourth port 14 are provided with mating snap-in bayonets, and as shown in fig. 4, the second port 12 and the fourth port 14 are provided with a first magnet 1201 and a second magnet 1401, respectively, which have different polarities.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, after the second port 12 contacts the fourth port 14, the push-pull member 4 rotates in the first direction (clockwise in fig. 4 for example) and moves towards the housing 1, so that the engaging bayonets of the second port 12 and the fourth port 14 are clamped, and the first magnet 1201 contacts the second magnet 1401 and attracts each other, so as to enhance the attraction force between the second port 12 and the fourth port 14. At this point the back pressure sensor is no longer operational.
When the back pressure sensor needs to be used, the push-pull member 4 is rotated in the second direction to release the engagement bayonets of the second port 12 and the fourth port 14, the first magnet 1201 and the second magnet 1401 are separated, and then the push-pull member 4 is pulled to move in a direction away from the housing 1.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, to increase the lifetime of the pressure-sensitive element 7, the back pressure sensor further includes: a protective cover 15 and a protective net 16, wherein the protective cover 15 is arranged at the bottom of the piston 5 and is in threaded connection with the piston 5, the size of the protective cover 15 is equal to that of the bottom of the piston 5, a third through hole is arranged at the center of the protective cover 15 for receiving the reflected echo signal by the pressure sensing element 7, and the size of the third through hole is equal to that of the pressure sensing element 7.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 3, the outer diameter of the sheet 1602 is larger than the inner diameter of the casing 1, and when the pressure in the oil well is low, the strength of the generated pressure wave signal and the reflected echo signal is weak, and is hard to be sensed by the pressure sensing element 7, which can be ensured by the sheet 1602. When the pressure in the oil well is low, the pressure difference between two sides of the piston 5 is not enough to deform the sheet 1602, at this time, the sheet 1602 can isolate the air between two sides of the piston 5, the extrusion effect of the air below the piston 5 on the pressure sensing element 7 is kept in the push-pull process of the connecting rod 3, the pressure difference between two sides of the piston 5 is gradually enhanced, and further the intensity of the pressure wave signal and the reflected echo signal is improved, and the sheet 1602 can be used as a plane for generating the pressure wave signal together with the pressure sensing element 7, and because the plane for generating the pressure wave signal is increased, the intensity of the pressure wave signal and the reflected echo signal can also be improved. When the pressure in the oil well is high, the pressure difference between the two sides of the piston 5 can deform the sheet 1602, and the gas on the two sides of the piston 5 is communicated, so as to reduce the resistance of the piston 5 in the moving process.
Regarding the specific structure of the push-pull member 4, in a possible implementation manner, the push-pull member 4 may include a grip box and a grip box cover, and the operator can push and pull the piston 5 to move in the inner cavity of the housing 1 through the connecting rod 3 by manually pushing and pulling the grip box.
In another possible implementation, the push-pull member 4 may also be an electromechanical device including a retractable shaft chuck and a control module for controlling the retraction of the shaft chuck, including controlling the time and position of the shaft chuck starting to move, the time and position of the shaft chuck ending to move, the retraction distance of the shaft chuck, and the retraction frequency. And the power supply of the electromechanical equipment is an alternating current power supply, and the alternating current power supply has high power and can provide sufficient power for the shaft rod chuck.
Then, can carry out the push-and-pull automatically through this control module to accomplish automatic test, and need not operating personnel and test manually, easy and simple to handle, can increase operating pressure to more than 10MPa moreover.
The relevant parameters of the electromechanical device can be determined according to requirements, and preferably, the thrust of the electromechanical device is 5 tons, the maximum telescopic distance is 2 meters, the speed is 2m/s (meters/second), and the positioning accuracy is +/-0.02 mm.
Under the scene of adopting electromechanical device to carry out automatic testing, back pressure sensor need not to carry out frequently installation and dismantlement, can be fixed in the oil well head for a long time. At this moment, in order to avoid causing the hindrance to other equipment of oil well department, can set up the three-way valve at the well head, adopt three-way valve connection back pressure sensor and well head to in order to reserve the mouth of pipe for the daily management of oil well. If in the process of automatically testing the liquid level of the annulus, the operations of adding chemicals, washing wells and the like can be simultaneously carried out.
In a possible implementation, to further protect the back pressure sensor, as shown in fig. 1, a strainer 18 is disposed at the first end of the housing 1 and is threadedly connected thereto to block oil from the wellhead.
Be provided with the soft glued membrane that surrounds connecting rod 3 between second port 12 and the fourth port 14, this soft glued membrane is flexible high-elastic and has the material of great intensity and ageing resistance, can play the effect of protection connecting rod 3 to can also seal 17 with the inboard developments of the through-hole of top cap central authorities and keep apart with external environment, also can play the effect that the protection developments sealed 17.
In another possible implementation, the back pressure sensor further includes: the spare end cover 21 is used for protecting the inner wall of the housing 1 of the back pressure sensor and other components in a non-working state, and it should be noted that the spare end cover 21 is in threaded connection with the first end of the housing 1.
In a possible implementation manner, in order to facilitate mounting and dismounting of the back pressure sensor, a plurality of handles 19 and a plurality of concave holes 20 are arranged on the outer side of the housing 1, and the plurality of handles 19 and the plurality of concave holes 20 are respectively symmetrical about the central axis of the inner cavity of the housing 1.
Wherein the plurality of handles 19 are used for installing or disassembling the back pressure sensor at the wellhead of the oil well when rotating around the central shaft; and a plurality of shrinkage pools 20 are used for the hook design spanner, and when design spanner was used for driving back pressure sensor around the center pin rotation, at the installation of oil well wellhead or dismantle back pressure sensor.
In practical application, if the back pressure sensor is in threaded connection with the wellhead of the oil well through the first end of the shell 1, the back pressure sensor needs to be rotated when being mounted or dismounted. When the thread resistance between the wellhead of the oil well and the first end of the shell 1 is small, an operator can control the back pressure sensor to rotate around the central shaft through the handle 19, and the installation or the disassembly is realized. And the thread resistance between the first end of oil well wellhead and casing 1 is great, when unable with handle 19 completion to the installation of back pressure sensor with dismantle, then with design spanner hook shrinkage pool 20, when driving the back pressure sensor and rotate around the center pin, accomplish the installation and the dismantlement to the back pressure sensor.
The shape and the attachment form of the handle 19 are not fixed, and for example, as shown in fig. 1, the handle is a stub handle and is screwed to the housing 1, and the number of the handle 19 and the number of the concave holes 20 are arbitrary values not less than 2. Illustratively, the number of handles 19 is 2 and the number of recesses 20 is 2.
In a possible implementation mode, the working pressure of the back pressure sensor can reach 3MPa, and the pressure-resistant range is 10MPa, so that the device is suitable for most oil wells. In another possible implementation manner, namely a manner of adopting electromechanical equipment to carry out automatic testing, the working pressure of the back pressure sensor can be more than 3Mpa, and the pressure-resistant range can be more than 10 Mpa.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for testing a liquid level of an annulus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the method is applied to a back pressure sensor shown in the above embodiment, and includes:
501. when the push-pull component 4 moves, the push-pull connecting rod 3 drives the piston 5 to move in the inner cavity of the shell 1.
502. And a pressure wave signal is generated in the moving process, and a reflection echo signal is formed when the pressure wave signal is transmitted to the liquid level of the oil well annulus.
503. The reflected echo signal is transmitted to the pressure-sensitive element 7.
504. The pressure sensing element 7 receives the reflected echo signal and converts the reflected echo signal into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is used for the test equipment to generate an annular liquid level test result.
According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the piston moves in the inner cavity of the shell 1 along the central axis of the inner cavity to generate a pressure wave signal, the pressure sensing element 7 receives a reflection echo signal formed by transmitting the pressure wave signal to the annular liquid level of the oil well and converts the reflection echo signal into a voltage signal for test equipment to generate an annular liquid level test result, the reflection echo signal generated in the test process is static pressure wave, the damage to a human body or equipment near the wellhead of the oil well can be avoided, the structure of the back pressure sensor is simple, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder does not need to be configured, and the equipment is low in cost and convenient to carry.
In one possible implementation, transmitting the voltage signal to a test device includes:
the voltage signal is transmitted to the signal interface 10 through the electrode wire 8 and the signal line 9, and the voltage signal is received by the test equipment through the signal interface 10.
The method further comprises the following steps:
after the second port 12 contacts with the fourth port 14, the push-pull member 4 rotates towards the first direction and moves towards the direction close to the shell 1, so that the engagement bayonets of the second port 12 and the fourth port 14 are clamped, and the first magnet 1201 contacts with the second magnet 1401 and attracts each other; or,
in a state where the engaging catches of the second port 12 and the fourth port 14 are engaged with each other, the push-pull member 4 is rotated in the second direction to release the engaging catches of the second port 12 and the fourth port 14, the first magnet 1201 and the second magnet 1401 are separated from each other, and the push-pull member 4 is moved in a direction away from the housing 1.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes:
rotating the handles 19 to enable the handles 19 to drive the back pressure sensor to rotate around the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell 1, and installing or disassembling the back pressure sensor at the wellhead of the oil well; or,
the setting spanner is hooked at a plurality of concave holes 20, so that the plurality of concave holes 20 drive the back pressure sensor to rotate around the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell 1, and the back pressure sensor is installed or disassembled at the wellhead of the oil well.
The above description is only for facilitating the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. A back pressure sensor, comprising: the device comprises a shell (1), a top cover (2), a connecting rod (3), a push-pull component (4), a movable piston (5) arranged in an inner cavity of the shell (1), a plurality of righting keys (6) arranged on the outer wall of the piston (5), and a pressure sensing element (7) arranged at the bottom of the piston (5);
wherein the first end of the shell (1) is an open end and is used for connecting an oil well mouth, and the second end of the shell (1) is provided with the top cover (2);
the connecting rod (3) penetrates through a through hole in the center of the top cover (2), the first end of the connecting rod (3) is connected with the piston (5), and the second end of the connecting rod (3) is connected with the push-pull component (4);
the outer diameter of the piston (5) is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell (1), so that the upper area and the lower area of the piston (5) are communicated, static pressure is kept consistent during the movement of the piston (5), and the axial center of the piston (5) is positioned on the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell (1) and used for moving along the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell (1);
the plurality of righting keys (6) are in contact with the inner wall of the shell (1) and are symmetrical about the central axis of the inner cavity of the shell (1), and each righting key (6) is used for righting the piston (5) so that the piston (5) moves along the central axis of the inner cavity of the shell (1);
the push-pull component (4) is used for pushing and pulling the connecting rod (3) to drive the piston (5) to move in the inner cavity of the shell (1), and a pressure wave signal is generated in the moving process;
the pressure sensing element (7) is used for receiving a reflection echo signal formed by the pressure wave signal on the liquid level of the oil well annulus and converting the reflection echo signal into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is used for the test equipment to generate an annulus liquid level test result.
2. The back pressure sensor of claim 1, further comprising: an electrode lead (8), a signal line (9), and a signal interface (10);
the piston (5) is provided with a first through hole on a central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell (1), and the connecting rod (3) is provided with a second through hole on the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell (1);
the electrode lead (8) is connected with the pressure sensing element (7), the first end of the signal wire (9) is connected with the electrode lead (8), and the second end of the signal wire (9) passes through the first through hole and the second through hole to be connected with the signal interface (10);
the electrode lead (8) is used for transmitting the voltage signal to the signal interface (10) through the signal wire (9), and the signal interface (10) is used for transmitting the voltage signal to the test equipment.
3. The back pressure sensor according to claim 2, wherein the pressure sensing element (7) is in the shape of a circular ring, and the electrode lead (8) is connected with the signal wire (9) through a circular hole at the center of the pressure sensing element (7).
4. The back pressure sensor according to claim 3, wherein a first end of the electrode wire (8) is connected to the pressure-sensitive element (7), and a second end of the electrode wire (8) is connected to a first end of the signal line (9).
5. The back pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the piston (5) comprises: a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being located below the second portion;
the first part is cylindrical, and the second part is in a circular truncated cone shape;
the bottom of the first part is provided with a circular groove, and the pressure sensing element (7) is arranged in the circular groove.
6. The back pressure sensor of claim 1, further comprising: a first port (11), a second port (12), a third port (13), and a fourth port (14);
the first port (11) is arranged on the inner side of the top cover (2) and is used for buffering the impact of the piston (5) on the top cover (2) in the process of back pulling;
the second port (12) is arranged on the outer side of the top cover (2) and is used for buffering the impact of the push-pull component (4) on the top cover (2) in the forward pushing process;
the third port (13) is connected with the top of the piston (5) and the first end of the connecting rod (3) and is used for buffering the impact of the piston (5) on the top cover (2) in the back-pulling process;
the fourth port (14) is connected with the second end of the connecting rod (3) and is used for buffering the impact of the push-pull component (4) on the top cover (2) in the forward pushing process.
7. The back pressure sensor according to claim 6, wherein the second port (12) and the fourth port (14) are provided with mating snap-in bayonets, a first magnet (1201) is provided on the second port (12), a second magnet (1401) is provided on the fourth port (14), and the first magnet (1201) and the second magnet (1401) have different polarities;
when the second port (12) is clamped with a meshing bayonet arranged on the fourth port (14), the first magnet (1201) is in contact with the second magnet (1401) and mutually attracted;
when the second port (12) and the engagement bayonet arranged at the fourth port (14) are released, the first magnet (1201) is separated from the second magnet (1401).
8. The back pressure sensor of claim 1, further comprising: a protective cover (15) and a protective net (16);
the protective cover (15) is arranged at the bottom of the piston (5), and the size of the protective cover (15) is equal to that of the bottom of the piston (5);
the protective cover (15) is positioned on the outer side of the pressure sensing element (7), a third through hole is formed in the center of the protective cover (15), and the size of the third through hole is equal to that of the pressure sensing element (7);
the protective net (16) is connected with the protective cover (15) and is positioned outside the protective cover (15);
the protective netting (16) comprises: wire net (1601) and foil (1602) that can take place the deformation, wire net (1601) are the square for block the greasy dirt, the protection pressure sensitive element (7), foil (1602) surround wire net (1601), the internal diameter of foil (1602) is greater than the internal diameter of casing (1).
9. The back pressure sensor of claim 9, wherein the protective mesh (16) is configured to isolate air on both sides of the sheet (1602) when a pressure differential across the protective mesh (16) is insufficient to deform the sheet (1602); communicating air on both sides of the sheet (1602) when a pressure differential across the protective mesh (16) causes the sheet (1602) to deform.
10. The back pressure sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that a dynamic seal (17) is arranged inside the through hole in the center of the top cover (2), and the dynamic seal (17) is used for dynamically sealing with the connecting rod (3);
the connecting rod (3) is provided with a second through hole on the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell (1), the inner side of the second through hole is provided with a static seal, and the static seal is used for static sealing with the signal line (9).
11. The back pressure sensor of claim 1, further comprising: the filter screen (18), the filter screen (18) with the first end screw connection of casing (1) for block well head greasy dirt.
12. The back pressure sensor of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of handles (19) and a plurality of concave holes (20) arranged on the outer side of the shell (1);
the plurality of handles (19) are symmetrical about a central axis of the inner cavity of the housing (1) for mounting or dismounting the back pressure sensor at the wellhead while rotating around the central axis;
the plurality of concave holes (20) are symmetrical about the central axis of the inner cavity of the shell (1) and used for hooking a setting wrench, and the setting wrench is used for driving the back pressure sensor to rotate around the central axis, so that the oil well mouth is mounted or dismounted.
13. The back pressure sensor of claim 1, further comprising: the spare end cover (21) is used for being in threaded connection with the first end of the shell (1) in a non-working state, and the back pressure sensor is protected.
14. The back pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the push-pull member (4) is an electromechanical device comprising: the telescopic shaft lever comprises a telescopic shaft lever clamping head and a control module, wherein the shaft lever clamping head is connected with the connecting rod (3), and the control module is used for pushing and pulling the connecting rod (3) through the shaft lever clamping head.
15. A method for testing the level of an annulus, the method being applied to the back pressure sensor of any one of claims 1-14, the method comprising:
when the push-pull component (4) moves, the connecting rod (3) is pushed and pulled to drive the piston (5) to move in the inner cavity of the shell (1);
generating a pressure wave signal in the moving process, and forming a reflected echo signal when the pressure wave signal is transmitted to the liquid level of the oil well annulus;
the reflected echo signal is transmitted to the pressure sensing element (7);
and the pressure sensing element (7) receives the reflection echo signal and converts the reflection echo signal into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is used for the test equipment to generate an annular liquid level test result.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein transmitting the voltage signal to the test equipment comprises:
the voltage signal is transmitted to a signal interface (10) through an electrode lead (8) and a signal wire (9), and the voltage signal is received by the test equipment through the signal interface (10).
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
after the second port (12) is contacted with the fourth port (14), the push-pull component (4) rotates towards the first direction and moves towards the direction close to the shell (1), so that the second port (12) and the meshing bayonet of the fourth port (14) are clamped, and the first magnet (1201) is contacted with the second magnet (1401) and mutually attracted; or,
when the engaging bayonets of the second port (12) and the fourth port (14) are clamped, the push-pull member (4) rotates in a second direction to release the engaging bayonets of the second port (12) and the fourth port (14), the first magnet (1201) and the second magnet (1401) are separated, and the push-pull member (4) moves in a direction away from the housing (1).
18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
rotating a plurality of handles (19) to enable the handles (19) to drive the back pressure sensor to rotate around the central axis of the inner cavity of the shell (1), and installing or disassembling the back pressure sensor at the wellhead of the oil well; or,
the shaping spanner is hooked at a plurality of concave holes (20), so that the concave holes (20) drive the back pressure sensor to rotate around the central shaft of the inner cavity of the shell (1), and the oil well mouth is installed or disassembled with the back pressure sensor.
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