CN110855589B - Time domain coding super surface for realizing wireless communication of multiple modulation schemes - Google Patents
Time domain coding super surface for realizing wireless communication of multiple modulation schemes Download PDFInfo
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- H04L27/0008—Modulated-carrier systems arrangements for allowing a transmitter or receiver to use more than one type of modulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a time domain coding super surface for realizing wireless communication of multiple modulation schemes, which comprises the following steps: n basic units, the n basic units being arranged periodically, the overall electromagnetic characteristics being changed in real time by a control signal generated by a control circuit. The principle of the invention is simple, and the frequency, amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic wave energy conversion can be changed by changing the frequency and waveform of the control signal; the basic units are utilized to form an array, and the array is controlled by the same signal, so that the interference on the electromagnetic characteristics of the units due to different boundaries can be reduced, and the design complexity of a feed network is reduced; the baseband data signal can be modulated to a specific carrier frequency only through a control signal with high-speed dynamic change, so that wireless communication is realized; the capability of accurately regulating and controlling the amplitude/phase of a specific carrier frequency is obtained only by utilizing the phase-adjustable basic unit, and a constellation diagram which is distributed according with a protocol standard can be generated according to the requirements of different modulation schemes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication and novel artificial electromagnetic materials, in particular to a time domain coding super surface for realizing wireless communication of multiple modulation schemes.
Background
The novel artificial electromagnetic surface, also known as a super surface, can control the parameters of amplitude, phase, polarization, wave beam, orbital angular momentum and the like of electromagnetic waves by designing the unit characteristics and spatial arrangement of the surface, realizes the functions of deflection, focusing, wave absorption and the like of electromagnetic energy, and can be used in the fields of antennas, imaging and the like. By introducing an adjustable technology, an adjustable super surface capable of controlling various parameters of electromagnetic waves in real time can be designed. The control signal of a conventional tunable metasurface is static or changing at a very low frequency and is therefore a linear device, comparable to a conventional reconfigurable antenna array.
The communication system based on the direct modulation technology utilizes the capability of the adjustable technology to control electromagnetic waves in real time, establishes the mapping relation between baseband data and electromagnetic wave parameters (such as amplitude, phase, polarization and the like), realizes the direct modulation and emission from a baseband to a carrier wave, and completes wireless communication. However, this technique can only regulate and control a specific parameter of the electromagnetic wave, and thus cannot realize a high-order modulation scheme including 16 QAM. In addition, due to the inherent defect of the tunable element, the constellation diagram implemented by the direct modulation technique is different from that specified by the standard protocol, which causes extra stress on the demodulation end.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a time domain coding super-surface for implementing wireless communication with multiple modulation schemes, which can implement wireless communication under multiple modulation schemes.
To solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a time domain coding super-surface for implementing wireless communication with multiple modulation schemes, comprising: n basic units, the n basic units being arranged periodically, the overall electromagnetic characteristics being changed in real time by a control signal generated by a control circuit.
Preferably, the basic unit is a three-layer structure, the first layer is the upper surface of the basic unit and comprises a specific metal pattern, a variable capacitance diode, a patch capacitor and a feed network, wherein the variable capacitance diode and the patch capacitor are respectively bridged between different metal patterns, and the feed network is connected to one side of the metal pattern and used for loading a control signal to two ends of the variable capacitance diode; the second layer is a medium substrate layer and is used for supporting the whole super surface; the third layer is a metal back plate; and a plurality of rows of metal through holes are connected between the first layer and the third layer.
Preferably, the analog voltage generated by the control circuit is loaded to two ends of a varactor on the basic unit through a feed network, so as to change the equivalent capacitance of the varactor, and further change the electromagnetic characteristics of the unit, specifically, at a specified frequency point, the backward reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave changes by more than 2.5 pi, and the reflection amplitude fluctuation is less than 3.5 dB.
Preferably, the control circuit is specifically composed of: a baseband signal processor using FPGA as core, a 16-bit digital-to-analog converter and an amplifying circuit composed of operational amplifier; the baseband signal processor generates a baseband digital signal, converts the baseband digital signal into an analog output voltage through the 16-bit digital-to-analog converter, and amplifies the analog output voltage into a required control signal through the amplifying circuit, wherein the output voltage range of the whole control circuit is 0-24V.
Preferably, when the time domain coding super surface is irradiated by electromagnetic waves, different control signals are designed to enable the phase of the electromagnetic waves to continuously and linearly change within a certain range, so that the energy of the electromagnetic waves is efficiently converted to a certain specific frequency in any proportion, and the amplitude regulation and control of the electromagnetic waves with the frequency are realized; meanwhile, the phase of a specific frequency of the electromagnetic waves is randomly controlled through different signal time delays, so that the phase of the electromagnetic waves with the frequency is controlled; the amplitude and phase independent regulation of electromagnetic waves with a certain specific frequency can be realized by combining amplitude regulation and phase regulation modes, namely forming control signals by different phase change ranges and time delays.
Preferably, when the time domain coding super surface is irradiated by electromagnetic waves, calculating an electromagnetic wave amplitude \ phase value corresponding to a required constellation point according to the requirement of a modulation scheme, then firstly obtaining a control signal corresponding to the amplitude and a corresponding initial phase value by combining the theory of independent regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave amplitude, then calculating the time delay required for compensating the difference between the initial phase and the final phase, and finally forming a control signal to enable the electromagnetic wave amplitude \ phase to meet the requirement so as to generate the required constellation point; on the basis, the mapping relation between the control signal and different constellation points is established, and a constellation diagram which accords with standard distribution is synthesized.
Preferably, when the time domain coding super surface synthesizes a constellation map meeting the requirement of the modulation scheme, a mapping relation between baseband data and constellation points is established, and complete mapping from the baseband data to control signals is completed by combining the mapping relation between the control signals and the constellation points, so that when the time domain coding super surface is irradiated by electromagnetic waves, the baseband data can be directly modulated onto a certain frequency carrier through the control signals, and wireless communication is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the principle of the invention is simple, and the frequency, amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic wave energy conversion can be changed by changing the frequency and waveform of the control signal; (2) the invention uses the basic units to form an array, and is controlled by the same signal, thereby reducing the interference to the electromagnetic characteristics of the units due to different boundaries, and simultaneously reducing the design complexity of a feed network; (3) compared with the traditional communication system, the invention can modulate the baseband data signal to a specific carrier frequency only by the control signal with high-speed dynamic change, thereby realizing wireless communication; (4) compared with a novel communication system based on direct modulation, the invention only utilizes the basic unit with adjustable phase to obtain the capability of accurately regulating and controlling the amplitude/phase of the specific carrier frequency, and can generate a constellation diagram which accords with the distribution of protocol standards according to the requirements of different modulation schemes; the invention does not need to use the upper mixing, filtering and amplifying circuit parts in the transmitter framework of the traditional communication system, greatly simplifies the transmitter framework, can be used for constructing a communication system of a new system, and can shorten the design period, reduce the design difficulty and reduce the manufacturing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a reflection coefficient phase waveform in a message symbol period T according to the present invention.
Fig. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the amplitude waveform of the reflection coefficient in a message symbol period T according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the frequency f ═ f at different phi values according to the present inventioncAmplitude/phase theoretical value at + 1/T.
FIG. 4(a) shows the introduction of a cyclic delay t according to the present invention0And then, reflecting coefficient phase waveform diagram in one message symbol period T.
FIG. 4(b) illustrates the introduction of a cyclic delay t according to the present invention0And then, a reflection coefficient amplitude waveform diagram in a message symbol period T.
FIG. 5 shows the difference between phi and t in the present invention0The phase waveform formed is f-f for electromagnetic wavecThe +1/T is In the In-phase (In-phase)/Quadrature (Quadrature) plane.
FIG. 6(a) is a top view of the basic structure of the time-domain coded super-surface proposed by the present invention.
FIG. 6(b) is a side view of the basic structure of the time-domain coded super-surface proposed by the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a time-domain encoded super-surface object according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the measurement result of the reflection amplitude/phase at f ═ 4.25GHz under different control voltages.
Fig. 9(a) is a constellation diagram result after demodulation by a receiver under three modulation schemes of 16QAM, 8PSK, and QPSK, when the message symbol duration T is 10 μ s (corresponding to a carrier frequency of 4.25GHz +100 kHz).
Fig. 9(b) is a constellation diagram result after demodulation by the receiver under three modulation schemes of 16QAM, 8PSK, and QPSK, when the message symbol duration T is 1 μ s (corresponding to the carrier frequency of 4.25GHz +1 MHz).
Fig. 9(c) is a constellation diagram result after demodulation by the receiver under three modulation schemes of 16QAM, 8PSK, and QPSK, when the message symbol duration T is 0.5 μ s (corresponding to the carrier frequency of 4.25GHz +2 MHz).
Fig. 9(d) is a constellation diagram result after demodulation by the receiver under three modulation schemes of 16QAM, 8PSK, and QPSK, when the message symbol duration T is 0.4 μ s (corresponding to the carrier frequency of 4.25GHz +2.5 MHz).
Detailed Description
The time domain coding super surface for realizing wireless communication of various modulation schemes is formed by periodically arranging the same basic units, the reflection coefficient of the time domain coding super surface can be changed in real time through a control signal generated by a control circuit, and the super surface is similar to a traditional plane reconfigurable reflective array structure.
The principle of the invention lies in that the phase of the reflection coefficient of the basic unit is switched at a high speed between different waveforms in a form of a certain speed by utilizing the control signal, and then the mapping relation between the control signal and the baseband data signal is established, so that when single-tone electromagnetic wave is incident on the super surface, the baseband data signal can be directly modulated to a specific carrier frequency to realize wireless communication, and the system schematic block diagram is shown in figure 1.
The reflection coefficient designed by the invention has a phase waveform with linear change, and in a message symbol period T, the phase is linearly changed from 0 to phi, namely gammam(t)＝A·ej(Φt/T)And T is 0. ltoreq. t.ltoreq.T, as shown in FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2 (b). When the incident electromagnetic wave is a single-tone frequency fcWhen the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the super surface, the electromagnetic wave is changed into fcAt +1/T, a new frequency component is generated, whose amplitude and phase are controlled by phi. The amplitude/phase theoretical values at this frequency at which the amplitude will reach a maximum at Φ 2 pi are shown in fig. 3. And to release f ═ fcThe coupling relation between the amplitude and the phase at +1/T can introduce cyclic time delay T into the reflection coefficient phase waveform0I.e. Γ'm(t)＝Γm(t-t0)，t0T is less than or equal to T or gammam(t+T-t0)，0≤t≤t0As shown in fig. 4(a) and 4 (b). Introducing cyclic delay t0Thereafter, a specific phase 2 π t can be introduced without changing the amplitude at that frequency0and/T. Thus, using different Φ and t0By forming a specific phase waveform, the method can realize f-fcThe arbitrary modulation of amplitude and phase at +1/T, the modulation effect In-phase (In-phase)/Quadrature (Quadrature) plane is shown In FIG. 5. It can be easily inferred that it can synthesize any constellation point within the circle of normalized amplitude 1 in the in-phase/quadrature plane.
In order to realize wireless communication under various modulation schemes, the invention provides a constellation diagram synthesis method, namely how to utilize phi and t0And accurately synthesizing the required constellation points. The method can be divided into three steps:
(1) amplitude synthesis: and finding out a phi value corresponding to the amplitude of the target constellation point. For example, let the desired composite constellation point be 1/3ej (-0.75π)Corresponding to a Φ of 0.549 π.
(2) Calculating the coupling phase: meterAnd (3) calculating the coupling phase appearing when the required amplitude is obtained in the step (1) so as to be used for subsequent compensation. For example, for Φ -0.549 pi, the coupling phase is-0.726 pi, and the corresponding initial constellation point is 1/3ej(-0.726π)。
(3) Phase synthesis: firstly, calculating the phase difference between the initial constellation point and the target constellation point, and then calculating the corresponding t0To complete constellation point synthesis. For example, the initiation point 1/3ej(-0.726π)And target point 1/3ej(-0.75π)The phase difference between the two is-0.024 pi, so that t can be obtained0＝0.012T。
For convenience of expression, a parameter may be defined
For expressing phi and t0The resulting reflectance waveform. Following the above derivation, it can also be expressed as f ═ fcA certain constellation point of + 1/T. By combining the constellation diagram coordinates required by various modulation schemes in the communication principle, the method can calculate the f-fcAnd the reflection coefficient waveforms required by the constellation diagrams corresponding to various modulation schemes are realized at + 1/T. For example, the constellation required for a 16QAM modulation scheme is,
similarly, the 8PSK modulation scheme corresponds to a constellation diagram of,
the constellation diagram corresponding to the QPSK modulation scheme is,
in order to realize the wireless communication method with multiple modulation schemes proposed by the present invention, the time-domain coded super-surface basic unit is required to have the reflection coefficient characteristics of low loss and full phase coverage, and the structural top view and the side view thereof are respectively shown in fig. 6(a), (b). The basic unit is of a three-layer structure, the first layer is the upper surface of the basic unit and comprises specific metal patterns, a variable capacitance diode, a patch capacitor and a feed network, wherein the variable capacitance diode and the patch capacitor are respectively bridged between different metal patterns, and the feed network is connected to one side of the metal patterns and used for loading control signals to two ends of the variable capacitance diode; the second layer is a medium substrate layer used for supporting the whole super surface; the third layer is a metal back plate; and a plurality of rows of metal through holes are connected between the first layer and the third layer. Fig. 7 is a diagram of a wireless communication time-domain coded super-surface with multiple modulation schemes according to the present invention, which includes 8 × 16 basic units and can be controlled by the same control signal. Fig. 8 is a measurement result of the reflection amplitude/phase at f-4.25 GHz under different control voltages, and it can be seen that, in the process of the control voltage from 0V to 21V, the reflection amplitude of the super-surface elementary unit fluctuates by less than 3.5dB, and the phase has a variation range exceeding 2.5 pi.
The control signal waveform required to make the phase of the reflection coefficient of the basic unit change linearly can be deduced from the result of fig. 8, and is brought into the theoretical calculation result of the previously integrated required constellation diagram. In the experiment, 4 kinds of message symbol duration times T are selected, wherein the duration times T are respectively 10 mus, 1 mus, 0.5 mus and 0.4 mus, and the corresponding carrier frequencies are 4.25GHz +100kHz, 4.25GHz +1MHz, 4.25GHz +2MHz and 4.25GHz +2.5MHz in sequence. At these frequencies, three modulation schemes of 16QAM, 8PSK, and QPSK are used for information modulation, and after receiving and demodulating by a receiver, the corresponding constellation diagram results are shown in fig. 9(a-d), respectively. It can be seen from the results that the present invention successfully realizes wireless communication of multiple modulation schemes by using a base unit with adjustable phase only, and has a constellation diagram conforming to the distribution of protocol standards.
Experimental results show that the wireless communication time domain coding super-surface with multiple modulation schemes can effectively and stably transmit a large amount of data in real time. The invention has the advantages of simple principle, low cost, easy realization and the like, and greatly expands the information modulation capability of the wireless communication system based on the time domain coding super surface, thereby having greater application value in the communication field.
Claims (6)
1. A time-domain coded super-surface for implementing wireless communication with multiple modulation schemes, comprising: n basic units, which are periodically arranged, and the overall electromagnetic characteristics are changed in real time by a control signal generated by a control circuit;
when the time domain coding super surface is irradiated by electromagnetic waves, different control signals are designed to enable the phase of the electromagnetic waves to continuously and linearly change within a certain range, so that the energy of the electromagnetic waves is efficiently converted to a certain specific frequency in any proportion, and the amplitude regulation and control of the electromagnetic waves with the frequency are realized; meanwhile, the phase of a specific frequency of the electromagnetic waves is randomly controlled through different signal time delays, so that the phase of the electromagnetic waves with the frequency is controlled; the reflection coefficient has a linearly varying phase waveform, and the phase varies linearly from 0 to phi, i.e. Γ, within one message symbol period Tm(t)＝A·ej(Φt/T)T is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to T; when the incident electromagnetic wave is a single-tone frequency fcWhen the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the super surface, the electromagnetic wave is changed into fcA new frequency component is generated at +1/T, the amplitude and phase of which are controlled by phi, and the amplitude at the frequency reaches the maximum value when phi is 2 pi; the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves with a specific frequency can be independently regulated and controlled by combining amplitude regulation and phase regulation modes, namely, different phase change ranges and time delays form control signals.
2. The time-domain coding super-surface for realizing wireless communication of multiple modulation schemes according to claim 1, wherein the basic unit is a three-layer structure, the first layer is the upper surface of the basic unit and comprises specific metal patterns, a varactor, a patch capacitor and a feed network, wherein the varactor and the patch capacitor are respectively bridged between different metal patterns, and the feed network is connected to one side of the metal patterns and used for loading control signals to two ends of the varactor; the second layer is a medium substrate layer used for supporting the whole super surface; the third layer is a metal back plate; and a plurality of rows of metal through holes are connected between the first layer and the third layer.
3. The time-domain coding super-surface for realizing wireless communication of multiple modulation schemes according to claim 1, wherein analog voltage generated by the control circuit is loaded to two ends of a varactor diode on a basic unit through a feed network to change the equivalent capacitance of the varactor diode, so as to change the electromagnetic characteristics of the unit, specifically, on a specified frequency point, the backward reflection phase change of electromagnetic waves exceeds 2.5 pi, and the reflection amplitude fluctuation is less than 3.5 dB.
4. The time-domain coded super-surface for implementing multiple modulation schemes for wireless communication of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is specifically configured to: a baseband signal processor using FPGA as core, a 16-bit digital-to-analog converter and an amplifying circuit composed of operational amplifier; the baseband signal processor generates a baseband digital signal, converts the baseband digital signal into an analog output voltage through the 16-bit digital-to-analog converter, and amplifies the analog output voltage into a required control signal through the amplifying circuit, wherein the output voltage range of the whole control circuit is 0-24V.
5. The time-domain coding super-surface for realizing wireless communication of multiple modulation schemes according to claim 1, wherein when the time-domain coding super-surface is irradiated by electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic wave amplitude \ phase value corresponding to a required constellation point is calculated according to the requirement of the modulation scheme, then by combining the theory of independent regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave amplitude, a control signal corresponding to the amplitude and a corresponding initial phase value are firstly obtained, then the time delay required for compensating the difference between the initial phase and the final phase is calculated, and finally a control signal is formed to enable the electromagnetic wave amplitude \ phase to meet the requirement, so as to generate the required constellation point; on the basis, the mapping relation between the control signal and different constellation points is established, and a constellation diagram which accords with standard distribution is synthesized.
6. The time-domain coded super-surface for implementing wireless communication with multiple modulation schemes according to claim 1, wherein when the time-domain coded super-surface integrates a constellation map meeting the requirements of the modulation schemes, a mapping relationship between baseband data and constellation points is established, and a complete mapping from the baseband data to a control signal is completed by combining the mapping relationship between the control signal and the constellation points, so that when the time-domain coded super-surface is irradiated by electromagnetic waves, the baseband data can be directly modulated onto a certain frequency carrier by the control signal, and wireless communication is completed.
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| CN113746515B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-06-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Data transmission method, device and system applying electromagnetic super-surface array |
| CN111930052B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2024-04-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Intelligent panel, control method of intelligent panel and communication system |
| CN111930053B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-05-20 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Intelligent panel, control method of intelligent panel and communication system |
| CN112217528B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-29 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Transmitter, communication system, and electronic device |
| CN114465650B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2023-07-21 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Wireless auxiliary equipment |
| CN114124286B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-07-25 | 重庆大学 | Method for realizing wireless communication by using P-B phase |
| CN114143810B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-04-28 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Intelligent surface control method and related equipment thereof |
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