CN110855328A - Differential spatial modulation method, device and storage medium based on antenna grouping - Google Patents

Differential spatial modulation method, device and storage medium based on antenna grouping Download PDF

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CN110855328A
CN110855328A CN201911025991.8A CN201911025991A CN110855328A CN 110855328 A CN110855328 A CN 110855328A CN 201911025991 A CN201911025991 A CN 201911025991A CN 110855328 A CN110855328 A CN 110855328A
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matrix
antenna
dsm
steps
spatial modulation
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CN110855328B (en
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王磊
曹鑫
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0634—Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients

Abstract

The invention discloses a differential spatial modulation method, equipment and a storage medium based on antenna grouping, which are used for respectively activating corresponding symbols in an STBC (space time block coding) matrix according to two specific antenna activation matrixes to form a TA-DSM (time offset digital coding) sending signal for sending. The mode of transmitting antenna grouping is adopted, and the mode of Alamouti coding is adopted in the STBC matrix; the invention is suitable for any even number of transmitting antennas; under the condition of the same number of transmitting antennas, the antenna activation matrix number is more, so that higher spectral efficiency is obtained; the method has the characteristics of never disappearing determinant without any parameter or matrix optimization; the invention has an orthogonal structure on the coding structure, thus a low-complexity decoding algorithm can be adopted and the coding complexity is very low. Simulation results show that: under different system configurations, the method has better error code performance than other existing differential spatial modulation schemes capable of acquiring transmit diversity.

Description

Differential spatial modulation method, device and storage medium based on antenna grouping
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of transmit diversity transmission in a multi-antenna wireless communication system, and relates to a differential spatial modulation method, differential spatial modulation equipment and a storage medium based on antenna grouping.
[ background of the invention ]
The Differential Spatial Modulation (DSM) transmission technique well solves the problem that it is difficult to accurately estimate channel information in the conventional Spatial Modulation (SM) technique. However, DSM does not achieve transmit diversity and can only rely on receive diversity to combat channel fading.
In order to obtain the transmit diversity, the literature proposes a differential transmission mechanism based on a space-time block codeword, and provides a design idea for obtaining the transmit diversity in a differential transmission model. The document provides a DSM algorithm under the condition of dual antennas, which obtains second-order transmit diversity under the condition of avoiding channel estimation through code word design, but has more code word parameters and is only suitable for a system with the number of transmit antennas being 2. The document proposes a scattering matrix-based differential spatial modulation (DM-DSM) scheme, which achieves transmit diversity at the expense of spectral efficiency, and which requires searching in the entire codeword space when decoding, cannot achieve linear decoding, and thus has high decoding complexity. The literature also proposes a differential spatial modulation (FE-DSM) scheme based on algebraic domain Extension, which can obtain full diversity, and adopts an algebraic domain Extension method to construct differential space-time code blocks on the basis of DM-DSM so as to obtain full diversity, but the spectrum efficiency is low due to the reduction of the number of code words. The document provides a differential space transmission scheme STBC-DSM based on an Alamouti STBC structure, the code word design of the scheme is simpler, second-order transmit diversity can be obtained, low-complexity decoding is supported, and the spectrum efficiency is lower.
[ summary of the invention ]
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and provides a differential spatial modulation method, device and storage medium based on antenna grouping, wherein corresponding symbols in an STBC matrix are activated according to two specific antenna activation matrices, respectively, to form a TA-DSM transmission signal for transmission. Simulation results show that: under different system configurations, the TA-DSM has better error code performance than other existing schemes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a differential spatial modulation method based on antenna grouping comprises the following steps:
step 1:changing B to B1+B2The bits are input to a transmitter, wherein:
Figure BDA0002248632570000021
Figure BDA0002248632570000022
wherein, the symbolDenotes the downward integer number of x, and takes the power of 2p, MiRepresenting the order of the ith modulation symbol; serial-to-parallel conversion of B bits, where B1One bit for use from the spatial constellation SC
Figure BDA0002248632570000024
Selecting antenna activation matrix A twiceupAnd Adown；B2One bit for selecting nTA Mi-PSK modulation symbols si；
Step 2: according to modulation symbol siGenerating
Figure BDA0002248632570000025
Individual Alamouti matrices:
and then generating symbol matrixes respectively corresponding to the two groups of antennas through matrix combination:
Figure BDA0002248632570000027
and step 3: generating a transmission codeword matrix Ck：
Cup＝AupXup(5)
Cdown＝AdownXdown(6)
Figure BDA0002248632570000031
The invention further improves the following steps:
in step 1, the antenna activation state is represented by matrix AupAnd AdownThe specific method comprises the following steps:
the spatial constellation SC is defined as the combination of all possible active antenna matrices:
Figure BDA0002248632570000032
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the size of the spatial constellation SC, AqIs composed of
Figure BDA0002248632570000034
The antenna activation matrix of the dimension.
Antenna activation matrix aqComprises the following steps:
step 1-1: construct a
Figure BDA0002248632570000035
Matrix of dimensions
Figure BDA0002248632570000036
Matrix array
Figure BDA0002248632570000037
Contains only 0 and 1 and contains only one non-zero element per row and column;
step 2-2: to pair
Figure BDA0002248632570000038
Performing an angular rotation, the rotation angle being determined by:
Figure BDA0002248632570000039
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00022486325700000310
a terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in said memory and executable on said processor, said processor implementing the steps of the above method when executing said computer program.
A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the above-mentioned method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
due to the special structure based on the antenna grouping, the TA-DSM scheme in the invention has the following advantages: 1. suitable for any even number of transmitting antennas; 2. under the condition that the number of transmitting antennas is the same, the TA-DSM scheme has more antenna activation matrix numbers than the STBC-DSM scheme, so that higher spectral efficiency can be obtained; 3. the TA-DSM scheme has Never Vanishing Determinant (NVD) characteristic without any parameter or matrix optimization, and the characteristic can ensure that the TA-DSM scheme obtains second-order transmit diversity; 4. the TA-DSM scheme has an orthogonal structure on a coding structure, so that a low-complexity decoding algorithm can be adopted and the decoding complexity is very low. The technical effect of the invention can be compared with other existing differential space modulation schemes in the aspects of frequency spectrum utilization rate, error code performance, transmission diversity order and transmission antenna number.
1) Frequency spectrum utilization
If the number of the configured transmitting antennas in the TA-DSM is nTModulation order of ith symbol is MiThen its spectral efficiency is
Figure BDA0002248632570000041
The spectral efficiency is higher than other existing differential spatial modulation schemes that can achieve transmit diversity.
2) Error code performance
The effect of improving the system performance by using the algorithm is shown in the attached figures 3 to 5 in the patent specification. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
3) Satisfying NVD characteristics
The coding gain (i.e. the minimum value of the determinant of the error matrix between any two TA-DSM code words) of the TA-DSM scheme obtained through analysis is 2, so that the proposed TA-DSM scheme has a never-vanishing determinant (NVD) characteristic, thereby ensuring that second-order transmit diversity is obtained.
4) Supporting flexible antenna number configuration
The TA-DSM system supports arbitrary even number of transmitting antennas nT。
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a TA-DSM transmitter according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing performance of a low complexity decoding algorithm with an ML decoding algorithm;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of BER at spectral efficiency of 2.25bits/s/Hz for the TA-DSM, STBC-DSM and DSM schemes;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing BER at 1.33bits/s/Hz for the TA-DSM and STBC-DSM schemes;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing BER at 1.25bits/s/Hz for the TA-DSM and STBC-DSM schemes.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Various structural schematics according to the disclosed embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
In the context of the present disclosure, when a layer/element is referred to as being "on" another layer/element, it can be directly on the other layer/element or intervening layers/elements may be present. In addition, if a layer/element is "on" another layer/element in one orientation, then that layer/element may be "under" the other layer/element when the orientation is reversed.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention provides a differential Spatial modulation transmission scheme capable of obtaining transmit diversity, which designs a differential Spatial modulation method based on the idea of transmitting antenna grouping and is named as a TA-DSM (Twopold Antennas based on differential Spatial modulation) scheme.
In the differential spatial Modulation (TA-DSM) method based on antenna grouping of the present invention, the input information bits are divided into two parts: the first part is used for selecting twice from the antenna active matrix set, and the second part is used for selecting symbols from the M-PSK constellation and transmitting the symbols from the corresponding active antennas through further combination. The specific implementation steps are shown in fig. 1. The effect of the invention on improving the system performance is shown in the attached figures 3-5.
Referring to fig. 1, the differential spatial modulation method based on antenna grouping of the present invention includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: TA-DSM modulation method
In a group having nTIn a MIMO system with a plurality of transmitting antennas, n is setTThe transmitting antennas are divided into an upper group and a lower group, each group comprises n T2 antennas, in each transmission period, the active states of the antennas in the two groups are respectively determined by the matrix AupAnd AdownAnd (4) determining.
First, Spatial Constellation (SC) is defined as the combination of all possible active antenna matrices:
Figure BDA0002248632570000071
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002248632570000072
is the size of SC, AqIs composed of
Figure BDA0002248632570000073
The antenna activation matrix of the dimension.
AqThe forming process comprises two steps:
step 1: construct a
Figure BDA0002248632570000074
Dimension matrix
Figure BDA0002248632570000075
Contains only 0 and 1 and contains only one non-zero element per row and column;
step 2: to pair
Figure BDA0002248632570000076
A corresponding angular rotation is performed, the angle of rotation being determined by:
Figure BDA0002248632570000077
wherein
Figure BDA0002248632570000078
With nTIn this case, the MIMO system is 6 as an example
Figure BDA0002248632570000079
The antenna selection matrix set comprises 6 elements in total, which are respectively:
Figure BDA00022486325700000710
the specific TA-DSM modulation algorithm consists of three steps:
the first step is as follows: total of B ═ B1+B2One bit enters the transmitter, wherein:
Figure BDA00022486325700000711
Figure BDA0002248632570000081
symbolDenotes the downward integer number of x, and takes the power of 2p, MiRepresents the ith modulation symbolThe order of the number. First, B bits are converted from serial to parallel, where B1One bit for use in slave SCSelecting antenna activation matrix A twiceupAnd Adown；B2One bit for selecting nTA Mi-PSK modulation symbols si；
The second step is that: according to the modulation symbol s selected in the first stepiGenerating
Figure BDA0002248632570000084
Individual Alamouti matrices:
Figure BDA0002248632570000085
and then generating symbol matrixes respectively corresponding to the two groups of antennas through matrix combination:
the third step: generating a final transmission codeword matrix Ck：
Cup＝AupXup(7)
Cdown＝AdownXdown(8)
Figure BDA0002248632570000087
For the above steps, the system parameter is NtWhen M is 2 and 6, the generation process of the transmission matrix C of the TA-DSM is exemplified.
Due to N t6, the antenna activation matrix set shown in formula (2) contains 6 elements in total; since M2, the BPSK constellation set is γ 1, -1.
At the transmitting end, an 11-bit serial data [ 00100011001 ]]Entering the system, B is shown in equations (3) and (4)1＝5，B 26. According to the encoding process shown in FIG. 1, the first 5 data bits [ 00100 ]]The activation matrices for selecting two groups of antennas are:
Figure BDA0002248632570000091
the last 6 data bits [ 011001 ]]The four BPSK modulation symbols used to select are: s1＝1，s2＝-1，s3＝-1，s4＝1，s5＝1，s6Under formula (5), the corresponding three Alamouti matrices are:
Figure BDA0002248632570000092
the post-packet modulation symbol matrix combination X is known from equation (6)upAnd XdownRespectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002248632570000093
the final transmit codeword matrix C obtained according to equations (7) - (9) is
Step two: major advantages of the TA-DSM scheme
1) Obtaining high spectral efficiency
According to the above design method, in the TA-DSM scheme, the information that the spatial dimension can carry is
Figure BDA0002248632570000095
Bits, and nTThe information carried by each modulation symbol is
Figure BDA0002248632570000096
Bits, and thus the spectral efficiency of the TA-DSM scheme is
Figure BDA0002248632570000097
The above spectral efficiency is higher than the existing differential spatial modulation schemes where diversity can be obtained.
2) Supporting flexible antenna number configuration
As known from the design method, the TA-DSM system supports any even number of transmitting antennas nT。
3) Satisfying NVD characteristics
The coding gain (i.e. the minimum value of the determinant of the error matrix between any two TA-DSM code words) of the TA-DSM scheme obtained through analysis is 2, so that the proposed TA-DSM scheme has a never-vanishing determinant (NVD) characteristic, thereby ensuring that second-order transmit diversity is obtained.
4) Having unitary matrix structure
The transmission code matrix C in the proposed TA-DSM scheme is a unitary matrix, thereby satisfying the constraint condition of a differential transmission mechanism.
Step three: unitary matrix property of transmission matrix for TA-DSM
In a TA-DSM system model, an initial transmit matrix is set
Figure BDA0002248632570000101
In order to enable the continuation of the differential transmission, it is necessary to ensure the transmission matrix CkIs a unitary matrix, thereby ensuring the transmission matrix SkThe transmission power per time slot is conserved, otherwise the system transmission power tends to be infinite or zero, which cannot be realized in practical application systems.
For convenience of description, the transmission matrix C carrying modulation information will be describedkIs denoted as C (X, l, k), where X ═ X1,…,XP]Represents P Alamouti modulation symbol matrixes in C; parameter l ═ l1,l2,……,lP,θu]Wherein l isp(1. ltoreq. P. ltoreq.P) represents transmission X in the upper half group of antennasp-upThe antenna index used, thetauRepresents the antenna selection matrix AupThe angle of rotation of (a); parameter k ═ k1,k2,……,kP,θd]Wherein k isp,(1≤p≤P) represents the transmission X in the lower half of the antenna groupp-downThe antenna index used, thetadRepresents the antenna selection matrix AdownThe angle of rotation of (c).
From the formulae (7) to (9), X is knownp-upWill pass through the l-th antenna in the upper half grouppThe root antenna transmits in the 2p-1, 2p two continuous time slots; xp-downWill pass through the kth antenna in the lower half grouppThe root antenna transmits in the 2p-1, 2p two consecutive time slots. Through the codeword construction process, N can be summarizedt×NtThe dimensional transmission matrix C has the following properties:
1) there are only two non-zero elements in any column, and for the 2p-1 and 2p columns, the two non-zero elements are located at the l-th column, respectivelypRow and kthpA row;
2) there are only two non-zero elements in any row, and for the l-th rowpRow and kthpA row, two non-zero elements are located at column 2p-1 and column 2 p;
3) from the firstp，kpThe 2 x 2 dimensional sub-matrix of rows and 2p-1, 2p columns has the following form:
next, proof of unitary matrix properties for C will be given. For any code word matrix C (X, l, k), two adjacent columns C (2p-1) and C (2p) are taken,
Figure BDA0002248632570000112
from properties 1) and 2) it follows:
<C(2p-1),C(i)>＝0 (11)
<C(2p),C(i)>＝0 (12)
from property 3) it follows:
<C(2p-1),C(2p)>＝0
<C(2p-1),C(2p-1)>＝1(13)
<C(2p),C(2p)>＝1
the transmission matrix C is a unitary matrix as can be seen from equations (11) to (13).
Step four: diversity for TA-DSM
Consider two different codewords C (X, l, k) and
Figure BDA0002248632570000113
the error matrix between the two is
Figure BDA0002248632570000114
The rank r (Δ) of Δ is explained in cases below.
Case 1:
Figure BDA0002248632570000115
and is
Figure BDA0002248632570000116
When the antenna selection matrices are identical for both. In this case, since
Figure BDA0002248632570000117
There is at least one set of Alamouti matrix inequality between the two, and the assumption is that
Figure BDA0002248632570000118
The first two columns of Δ may be represented as:
Figure BDA0002248632570000121
due to the fact that
Figure BDA0002248632570000122
Then
Figure BDA0002248632570000123
Or
Figure BDA0002248632570000124
There must be:
Figure BDA0002248632570000125
that is, since Δ has at least one second order equation other than 0, r (Δ) ≧ 2.
Case 2:
Figure BDA0002248632570000126
and is
Figure BDA0002248632570000127
(or
Figure BDA0002248632570000128
And is
Figure BDA0002248632570000129
)
At this time, it can be known from property 1) that at least four rows (two adjacent rows) of active antennas are not completely the same in Δ, assuming that the first four rows are different, in combination with property 2), from the l-th row in Δ1,l2,k1,k2The 4 x 4 dimensional sub-matrix composed of rows and the first four columns can be represented as:
Figure BDA00022486325700001210
in formula (16) [ f1,f2]＝[0,0]Or
Figure BDA00022486325700001211
[g1,g2]＝[0,0]Or
Figure BDA00022486325700001212
Case 2.1:
Figure BDA00022486325700001213
(or
Figure BDA00022486325700001214
)
When in use
Figure BDA00022486325700001215
When, if
Figure BDA00022486325700001216
Then by4×41, 4 th row and 1, 3 th column of (A)
Figure BDA00022486325700001217
If it isThen by4×41, 4 th row and 2, 3 rd column of (A)
Figure BDA00022486325700001219
That is, since at least one second order equation other than 0 exists in Δ, r (Δ) ≧ 2.
Case 2.2:
Figure BDA0002248632570000131
and is
Figure BDA0002248632570000132
In this case, the formula (16) can be simplified to
Figure BDA0002248632570000133
Case 2.2.1: [ f ] of1,f2]＝[0,0]Or [ g1,g2]＝[0,0]
In the equation (17), the second sub-formula is composed of the 3 rd, 4 th rows and the 2 nd, 3 rd columns
Figure BDA0002248632570000134
That is, since at least one second order equation other than 0 exists in Δ, r (Δ) ≧ 2.
Case 2.2.2:
Figure BDA0002248632570000135
and is
Figure BDA0002248632570000136
In this equation (17), the second sub-formula formed by the 3 rd, 4 th row and the 2 nd, 3 rd column is
Figure BDA0002248632570000137
The value of theta in the formula (1) can be obtained
Figure BDA0002248632570000138
And is
Figure BDA0002248632570000139
Therefore, the expression on the right side of expression (18) is not 0. That is, since at least one second order equation other than 0 exists in Δ, r (Δ) ≧ 2.
Case 3:
Figure BDA00022486325700001310
and is
Figure BDA00022486325700001311
The proof process is the same as case 2.
Combining the above, for any two different transmission matrices C (X, l, k) and
Figure BDA00022486325700001312
the proposed TA-DSM schemes all have a Never Vanishing Determinant (NVD) property, which ensures that the invention can achieve second order transmit diversity. Therefore, the TA-DSM scheme can obtain the second-order transmit diversity without any parameter and matrix optimization.
Step five: TA-DSM signal detection
In a nT×nRIn the MIMO system, the channel is assumed to be quasi-static Rayleigh fading, and in the k transmission period, when transmitting nT×nTTA-DSM signal of dimension, nR×nTThe received signal of the dimension can be expressed as
Yk＝HSk+Nk(19)
In a differential transmission scheme
Sk＝Sk-1Ck
Yk-1＝HSk-1+Nk-1
Yk＝HSk+Nk
It is possible to obtain:
Yk＝Yk-1Ck+(Nk-Nk-1Ck) (20)
therefore, the maximum likelihood decoding expression of the transmission matrix to be detected is as follows:
Figure BDA0002248632570000141
step six: low-complexity decoding algorithm of TA-DSM
In the decoding process, all antenna activation matrix cases are traversed first. In the case of antenna activation matrix determination, codeword C may be determinedkThe last two parameters l ═ l1,l2,……,lP,θu]And k ═ k1,k2,……,kP,θd]. Y in the formula (21)k-Yk-1CkWhen the symbol is W, the adjacent 2p-1 column and 2p column in W can be expressed as
According to a transmission matrix CkBy the nature of (1), knowing the modulation symbol s2p-1And s2pOnly two columns of W (2p-1) and W (2p) are affected, and the two columns are also irrelevant to other modulation signals, so that modulation symbols can be sequentially decoupled pairwise according to the formula (22), joint demodulation of all modulation symbols is avoided, and decoding complexity is reduced.
In summary, when the parameters (l, k) are determined, the detection expression of the modulation symbols in the p-th Alamouti matrix is
Figure BDA0002248632570000151
The P minimum norm values corresponding to the equation (23) are respectively denoted as apL (l, k), and then by comparing the corresponding minimum norm sums, an optimal solution for l and k can be obtained, thus CkIs decoded by
It should be noted that the low-complexity decoding algorithm provided by the present invention is implemented by using the orthogonal structure characteristic of the codeword to perform pairwise independent decoupling on the modulation symbols, and it does not reduce the error rate performance, as can be seen from fig. 2, the error rate performance of the low-complexity decoding algorithm provided by the present invention is consistent with that of the ML decoding algorithm.
The decoding complexity is measured in terms of the number of real number times required to decode each bit of information. Table 1 shows the values of nRWhen M is 4, different numbers of transmitting antennas n are configuredTThe present invention provides a contrast in complexity of the low complexity decoding algorithm to the ML decoding algorithm. It can be seen from table 1 that the decoding algorithm provided by the present invention greatly reduces the decoding computation amount compared to the ML decoding algorithm.
TABLE 1 decoding complexity contrast for different transmit antenna numbers
Figure BDA0002248632570000154
Step seven: simulation experiment
This section performs a monte carlo simulation of the error performance of the proposed TA-DSM algorithm and compares it with the existing STBC-DSM scheme. The horizontal axis represents the position of each receiving antenna in all simulation diagramsWith the vertical axis being the Bit Error Rate (BER), and the number of receiving antennas in all simulations being set to nRThe performance comparisons are all at a SNR value of 10, 2-5What is done at the time.
The number of antennas n when transmitting is given in fig. 2TModulation order M61＝M2＝M3＝2，M4＝M5＝M6When the value is 1, the TA-DSM scheme respectively adopts the low-complexity decoding algorithm provided by the invention and the BER curve comparison when the ML decoding is adopted. It can be seen that the two have achieved consistent decoding performance, because in the low complexity decoding algorithm provided by the present invention, the orthogonal characteristic brought by the code word design is only utilized to carry out pairwise independent decoupling detection on the modulation symbols, thereby reducing the decoding complexity, and the detection performance is not affected by the process.
FIG. 3 shows the number n of configured transmitting antennas in the TA-DSM scheme, the STBC-DSM scheme and the DSM schemeTThe BER comparison is made at a system spectral efficiency of 2.25bits/s/Hz, 4. As can be seen from fig. 3, since transmit diversity is obtained, as the signal-to-noise ratio increases, the TA-DSM algorithm is faster in performance than the DSM algorithm without transmit diversity; the TA-DSM and the STBC-DSM have similar performances because of the fact that when n isTWhen the number of the transmitting antennas is 4, the number of the transmitting antennas is small, and the combination number of the antenna activation matrixes in the TA-DSM algorithm is not obviously increased enough, so that the TA-DSM is similar to the STBC-DSM in modulation order to achieve the same spectrum efficiency, and the bit error rate performance is not greatly improved.
In fig. 4 and 5, a comparison of BER curves for two different spectral efficiencies is compared for the proposed TA-DSM scheme and the existing STBC-DSM scheme, respectively. As can be seen, the TA-DSM performance is significantly better than the STBC-DSM because when n isTWhen the bit error rate is larger, the space dimension of the TA-DSM scheme carries more modulation information, and the spectrum efficiency same as that of the STBC-DSM can be achieved by adopting a lower modulation order, so that better bit error rate performance is obtained. As can be seen from FIG. 4, when n isTWhen the system spectrum efficiency is 1.33bits/s/Hz, the TA-DSM has about 4dB better performance than the STBC-DSM; as can be seen from FIG. 5, when n isTTA at a spectral efficiency of 1.25bits/s/Hz of 8The DSM performs around 2dB better than the STBC-DSM.
As can be seen from the simulation experiments of FIGS. 3 to 5, the TA-DSM scheme has significant performance advantages over the existing STBC-DSM scheme and the DSM scheme. It should be noted that in the simulation results of document [6], it can be seen that the STBC-DSM scheme has performance advantages compared to the existing FE-DSM and PHD-DSM schemes, and thus the TA-DSM scheme proposed by the present invention has performance advantages compared to the existing several differential spatial modulation schemes that can achieve transmit diversity.
The integrated module/unit of the terminal device of the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a separate product. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method embodiments may be implemented. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, Read-only memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals as is required by legislation and patent practice.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A differential spatial modulation method based on antenna grouping is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: changing B to B1+B2The bits are input to a transmitter, wherein:
Figure FDA0002248632560000011
Figure FDA0002248632560000012
wherein, the symbol
Figure FDA0002248632560000013
Denotes the downward integer number of x, and takes the power of 2p, MiRepresenting the order of the ith modulation symbol; serial-to-parallel conversion of B bits, where B1One bit for use from the spatial constellation SC
Figure FDA0002248632560000014
Selecting antenna activation matrix A twiceupAnd Adown；B2One bit for selecting nTA Mi-PSK modulation symbols si；
Step 2: according to modulation symbol siGenerating
Figure FDA0002248632560000015
Individual Alamouti matrices:
Figure FDA0002248632560000016
and then generating symbol matrixes respectively corresponding to the two groups of antennas through matrix combination:
Figure FDA0002248632560000017
and step 3: generating a transmission codeword matrix Ck：
Cup＝AupXup(5)
Cdown＝AdownXdown(6)
Figure FDA0002248632560000018
2. The differential spatial modulation method based on antenna grouping according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the antenna activation state is represented by matrix AupAnd AdownThe specific method comprises the following steps:
the spatial constellation SC is defined as the combination of all possible active antenna matrices:
Figure FDA0002248632560000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002248632560000022
is the size of the spatial constellation SC, AqIs composed of
Figure FDA0002248632560000023
The antenna activation matrix of the dimension.
3. The antenna grouping based differential spatial modulation method of claim 2, wherein the antenna activation matrix aqComprises the following steps:
step 1-1: construct a
Figure FDA0002248632560000024
Matrix of dimensions
Figure FDA0002248632560000025
Matrix array
Figure FDA0002248632560000026
Contains only 0 and 1 and contains only one non-zero element per row and column;
step 2-2: to pair
Figure FDA0002248632560000027
Performing an angular rotation, the rotation angle being determined by:
Figure FDA0002248632560000028
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
4. a terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 when executing the computer program.
5. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3.
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