CN110855011A - Photovoltaic system with composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and working method thereof - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic system with a composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. The Zigbee module realizes the monitoring, remote control and information acquisition of the working state of the photovoltaic system by the background system; accurate positioning of each photovoltaic optimizer is achieved through the NFC module, meanwhile, inspection personnel can conveniently detect the real-time state of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, and hysteresis information is prevented from being called out from a background system. The device reasonable in design can provide photovoltaic module's positional information when each photovoltaic module operating condition in real-time supervision photovoltaic system to can carry out timely control and processing to problem photovoltaic module, improve photovoltaic system operation's security and stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic system with a composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and a working method thereof.
Background
The photovoltaic (power) optimizer can realize Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) on each photovoltaic assembly, and each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic system can output electric energy to the maximum extent. The energy transmission and optimization system has the functions of energy transmission, energy optimization, data acquisition and communication, and is suitable for being used in mountainous regions and areas with serious roof shielding.
ZigBee is a novel wireless communication technology, and is suitable for a series of electronic component devices with short transmission range and low data transmission rate. The ZigBee wireless communication technology can achieve coordinated communication among thousands of tiny sensors by means of special radio standards, and thus the technology is often called Home RF Lite wireless technology and FireFly wireless technology.
Near Field Communication (NFC for short) is an emerging technology, devices (such as mobile phones) using the NFC technology can exchange data when they are close to each other, and is integrated and evolved from a non-contact Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and an interconnection technology, and by integrating functions of an induction card reader, an induction card and point-to-point Communication on a single chip, applications such as mobile payment, electronic ticketing, door access, mobile identity identification, anti-counterfeiting and the like are realized by using a mobile terminal.
The current photovoltaic optimizer has various communication modes, and there are technologies adopting a wired communication method RS485 communication, bus communication, or power line carrier PLC communication, or a wireless communication method. However, the communication mode of the photovoltaic optimizer is suitable for online monitoring of data of the photovoltaic optimizer, but the problem of positioning of the photovoltaic optimizer in a system cannot be solved, that is, the first photovoltaic optimizer in a photovoltaic optimizer group string and which two adjacent photovoltaic optimizers are connected to the photovoltaic optimizer cannot be determined. The photovoltaic optimizer can not be located in the background system in which cluster and which matrix. Meanwhile, when the maintainer patrols the photovoltaic optimizer on the site, the maintainer can only call the photovoltaic optimizer from the background, and data called by the background has hysteresis, so that the site condition of the photovoltaic optimizer cannot be reflected in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a photovoltaic system with a composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and a working method thereof, which can monitor the working state of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic system in real time and provide the position information of the photovoltaic module, so that the problem photovoltaic module can be controlled and processed in time, and the safety and the stability of the operation of the photovoltaic system are improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a photovoltaic system with a composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, wherein each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic system is correspondingly connected with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, the input end of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the photovoltaic module, and the output end of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is connected with other composite communication photovoltaic optimizers in series;
the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer comprises an MCU and a power conversion unit, wherein the power conversion unit is respectively connected with the MCU and the photovoltaic module, and the input end and the output end of the power conversion unit are both connected with a detection unit; the MCU is also connected with a Zigbee module and an NFC module;
the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is connected with an upper computer through a Zigbee module, and is connected with NFC modules of other composite communication photovoltaic optimizers and handheld NFC patrol equipment through an NFC module, and each composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is provided with a unique identification ID.
Preferably, the power conversion unit includes a boost synchronous rectification circuit.
Preferably, the detection unit comprises two shunt monitors for detecting the current at the input and output of the power conversion unit and two voltage dividers for detecting the voltage at the input and output of the power conversion unit.
Preferably, the antennas of the Zigbee module and the NFC module are fixed on the outer wall of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer housing without contact.
Further preferably, the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer shell is a non-metal shell.
Preferably, the communication modes of the NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer include a peer-to-peer mode, a card reader mode and a card mode.
The invention discloses a working method of a photovoltaic system with a composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, which comprises the following steps:
when the photovoltaic system works normally, the detection unit detects the electric parameters of the input end and the output end of the power conversion unit, after the electric parameters are communicated with the MCU, the MCU processes the electric parameters to be compared with a threshold value preset in the MCU, and according to a comparison result, the MCU sends a local instruction to control the working mode of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer;
the method comprises the following steps that MCU of all composite communication photovoltaic optimizers in a photovoltaic system sends electric parameters detected by a detection unit to an upper computer through a Zigbee module, and when the detection unit of one composite communication photovoltaic optimizer in the photovoltaic system detects that the power of the output end of a power conversion unit is obviously lower than the average value of the power of the output end of the power conversion unit detected by the detection unit of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer in the photovoltaic system, the upper computer issues an instruction of the upper computer to control the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer to start an optimization mode;
the method comprises the steps that a worker holds the NFC inspection equipment to detect the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, an NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is in a point-to-point mode at the moment, an MCU sends collected electrical parameters to the worker holding the NFC inspection equipment through the NFC module, and the worker can issue a real-time NFC instruction through the holding of the NFC inspection equipment to control the working mode of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer;
when the upper computer monitors that the working state of a certain photovoltaic module is abnormal, the worker determines the position of the photovoltaic module through the unique identification ID of the photovoltaic module and then processes the photovoltaic module.
Preferably, the MCU controls the power conversion unit to realize maximum power tracking, so that the power of the output end of the power conversion unit is maximized, the MCU receives the electrical parameters, such as the voltage and current powers of the input end and the output end of the power conversion unit, transmitted from the detection unit, and generates related electrical parameters during operation, and transmits the electrical parameters to the NFC module and the Zigbee module, and receives data and instructions of the NFC module and the Zigbee module of the handheld NFC inspection device.
Preferably, the priority of the real-time NFC instruction > the priority of the upper computer instruction > the priority of the local instruction.
Further preferably, the handheld NFC inspection equipment can be used for upgrading the real-time firmware of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention discloses a photovoltaic system with a composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, which realizes the working state monitoring, remote control and information acquisition of a background system on the photovoltaic system through a Zigbee module; accurate positioning of each photovoltaic optimizer is achieved through the NFC module, meanwhile, inspection personnel can conveniently detect the real-time state of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, and hysteresis information is prevented from being called out from a background system. The device reasonable in design can provide photovoltaic module's positional information when each photovoltaic module operating condition in real-time supervision photovoltaic system to can carry out timely control and processing to problem photovoltaic module, improve photovoltaic system operation's security and stability.
Furthermore, antennas of the Zigbee module and the NFC module are fixed on the inner wall of the shell of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer in a non-contact manner, so that mutual electromagnetic interference between the antennas is prevented.
Furthermore, the shell of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is a non-metal shell, so that the influence of electromagnetic interference on the communication effect is further reduced.
The working method of the photovoltaic system with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is high in automation degree, and when the photovoltaic system works normally, the working mode of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer can be adjusted according to actual conditions, so that the normal work of a photovoltaic module is guaranteed. When an inspector inspects the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, the real-time state information of each photovoltaic module can be acquired, and the working mode of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer can be adjusted in time according to the information; and the specific composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and the connected photovoltaic module can be positioned according to the abnormal state information fed back by the upper computer, and timely treatment can be performed.
Furthermore, through the regulation of different instruction priorities, the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer can reasonably and normally execute instructions according to instruction levels under the staggered control of various instructions.
Furthermore, NFC patrol and examine equipment can carry out real-time firmware upgrading to compound communication photovoltaic optimizer, can be fast to compound communication photovoltaic optimizer firmware upgrading and real-time inspection firmware upgrading effect, convenient contrast.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic optimizer with hybrid communication according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a working schematic diagram of NFC module switching communication mode of the photovoltaic system of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting:
as shown in fig. 1, in the photovoltaic system with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer of the present invention, each photovoltaic module is correspondingly connected with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer; the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer comprises an MCU, a power conversion unit and a detection unit, wherein the power conversion unit is respectively connected with the MCU and the photovoltaic module, and the MCU is also connected with a Zigbee module and an NFC module.
The detection unit comprises two shunt monitors which can adopt INA210 of a Texas instrument, can detect the current of the input end and the output end of the power conversion unit and can detect the input voltage and the current of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer; the detection unit comprises two voltage dividers, and one voltage divider consists of two resistors to obtain a voltage signal.
The power conversion unit is a boosting parallel synchronous rectification circuit, the direct current voltage at the input end is boosted and output, the MCU receives the input and output voltage and current of the power conversion unit detected by the detection unit and issues an instruction, so that the power conversion unit realizes Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), and the output end power of the power conversion unit is maximum. The boost parallel synchronous rectification circuit utilizes a mosfet tube to conduct resistance ground, so that the switching time is short, the rectification loss is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
Antennas of the Zigbee module and the NFC module are fixed on the outer wall of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer shell in a non-contact mode, and the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer shell is a non-metal shell. All the composite communication photovoltaic optimizers are connected with an upper computer through Zigbee modules and connected with other composite communication photovoltaic optimizers and NFC routing inspection equipment through NFC modules, and each composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is programmed in production and has a unique identification ID.
The MCU may employ STM32F334C8T 6.
The Zigbee module may employ CC2530 of TI.
The NFC module may employ NXP DESFire EV 1.
The Zigbee module is communicated with an upper computer by using a networking function, the unique identification ID of the photovoltaic optimizer and data obtained from the power conversion unit are uploaded to the upper computer, and the upper computer monitoring system processes the data of each composite communication photovoltaic optimizer in the photovoltaic array.
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short range, high frequency radio technology that operates within a 20 centimeter distance at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. The transmission speed is 106 Kbit/s, 212 Kbit/s or 424 Kbit/s. Near field communication has passed to the ISO/IEC IS 18092 international standard, EMCA-340 standard and ETSI TS 102190 standard.
The NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer has three communication modes, namely a point-to-point mode, a card reader mode and a card mode.
Card mode: the NFC module is equivalent to an IC card adopting an RFID technology, the NFC module stores the unique identification ID of the photovoltaic optimizer and can be read by handheld NFC inspection equipment or other photovoltaic optimizers in a card reader mode.
Card reader mode: the NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is in a card reader mode, and the unique identification ID of the NFC module of other composite communication photovoltaic optimizers in the card mode can be read.
Point-to-point mode: the NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer can exchange data with the handheld NFC patrol equipment in a two-way mode, and the handheld NFC patrol equipment can transmit instructions to the NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer.
As shown in fig. 2, the NFC module switches the communication mode according to a plurality of conditions, such as whether the MCU sends a signal, the voltage parameter of the input terminal of the power conversion unit in the MCU signal, the current parameter of the input terminal of the power conversion unit in the signal, and whether the NFC module detects other NFC signals.
A photovoltaic system comprises n composite communication photovoltaic optimizers and an upper computer. The output of the n composite communication photovoltaic optimizers are connected in series to form a composite communication photovoltaic optimizer string, and the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is connected in series with the (i-1) th composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and the (i + 1) th composite communication photovoltaic optimizer which are adjacent in the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer string. The initialization steps during installation are as follows:
initializing step 1, accessing the input end of the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer into a photovoltaic module, and judging that the NFC module is in a card reader mode by the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer at the moment.
And 2, initializing, namely the (i + 1) th composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is not connected with a photovoltaic module before being installed, and is in a card mode according to judgment, and the NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer stores the unique identification ID of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer. And the constructor makes surface contact between the NFC module antenna of the (i + 1) th composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and the NFC module antenna of the (i) th photovoltaic optimizer, and at the moment, the NFC module of the (i) th composite communication photovoltaic optimizer reads the unique identification ID of the (i + 1) th composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and records the unique identification ID. And the constructor completes the input work of the whole composite communication photovoltaic optimizer string according to the access sequence of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer in sequence.
And 3, initializing, namely performing grid-connected power-on work on the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, sending a network access request to an upper computer by the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer through a Zigbee module, and allowing the upper computer to access the network, registering and establishing a contact. And the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer receives data of the upper computer.
And 4, initializing, namely, the composite communication upper computer starts to request data acquisition of all the connected composite communication photovoltaic optimizers, and the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer uploads the unique identification ID of the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and the unique identification ID of the i +1 composite communication photovoltaic optimizer to the upper computer through a Zigbee module.
And 5, initializing, namely obtaining the unique identification IDs of all the composite communication photovoltaic optimizers and the unique identification IDs of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizers connected in back by the upper computer, starting pairing by the upper computer, pairing the front end and the back end, recording a whole string of photovoltaic module strings, and determining the position information of the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer.
And 6, initializing, namely issuing the position information of the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer to the ith composite communication photovoltaic optimizer for storage through ZigBee wireless communication by the upper computer.
The working method of the photovoltaic system with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer comprises the following steps:
when the photovoltaic system works normally, the detection unit detects the electric parameters of the input end and the output end of the power conversion unit, after the electric parameters are communicated with the MCU, the MCU processes the electric parameters to be compared with a threshold value preset in the MCU, and according to a comparison result, the MCU sends a local instruction to control the working mode of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer;
the method comprises the steps that MCU of all composite communication photovoltaic optimizers in the photovoltaic system sends electric parameters detected by detection units to an upper computer through Zigbee modules, and when the detection units of a certain composite communication photovoltaic optimizer in the photovoltaic system detect that the output power of a power conversion unit is obviously lower than the average value of the output power of the power conversion unit detected by the detection units of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizers in the photovoltaic system, the upper computer sends an instruction to control the composite communication photovoltaic optimizers to start an optimization mode.
The handheld NFC of staff patrols and examines equipment and detects compound communication photovoltaic optimizer, and the NFC module of compound communication photovoltaic optimizer is in point-to-point mode according to judging this moment, and MCU sends the electric parameter that gathers to the handheld NFC of staff through the NFC module and patrols and examines equipment, and the handheld NFC of staff patrols and examines equipment and can issue real-time NFC instruction, the mode of operation of control compound communication photovoltaic optimizer. The priority of the real-time NFC instruction is greater than that of the upper computer instruction and greater than that of the local instruction.
It should be noted that the above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes of the system described in the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may substitute similar alternatives for the specific embodiments described, all without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A photovoltaic system with a composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is characterized in that each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic system is correspondingly connected with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, the input end of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the photovoltaic module, and the output end of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is connected with other composite communication photovoltaic optimizers in series;
the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer comprises an MCU and a power conversion unit, wherein the power conversion unit is respectively connected with the MCU and the photovoltaic module, and the input end and the output end of the power conversion unit are both connected with a detection unit; the MCU is also connected with a Zigbee module and an NFC module;
the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is connected with an upper computer through a Zigbee module, and is connected with NFC modules of other composite communication photovoltaic optimizers and handheld NFC patrol equipment through an NFC module, and each composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is provided with a unique identification ID.
2. The photovoltaic system with the hybrid communication photovoltaic optimizer of claim 1, wherein the power conversion unit comprises a boost synchronous rectification circuit.
3. The pv system with composite communication pv optimizer of claim 1 wherein the detection unit comprises two shunt monitors for detecting the current at the input and output of the power conversion unit and two voltage dividers for detecting the voltage at the input and output of the power conversion unit.
4. The photovoltaic system with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer of claim 1, wherein the antennas of the Zigbee module and the NFC module are fixed on the outer wall of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer housing without contact.
5. The photovoltaic system with the hybrid communication photovoltaic optimizer of claim 4, wherein the hybrid communication photovoltaic optimizer housing is a non-metal housing.
6. The photovoltaic system with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer of claim 1, wherein the communication modes of the NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer include a peer-to-peer mode, a card reader mode, and a card mode.
7. The method for operating a photovoltaic system with a hybrid communication photovoltaic optimizer of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
when the photovoltaic system works normally, the detection unit detects the electric parameters of the input end and the output end of the power conversion unit, after the electric parameters are communicated with the MCU, the MCU processes the electric parameters to be compared with a threshold value preset in the MCU, and according to a comparison result, the MCU sends a local instruction to control the working mode of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer;
the method comprises the following steps that MCU of all composite communication photovoltaic optimizers in a photovoltaic system sends electric parameters detected by a detection unit to an upper computer through a Zigbee module, and when the detection unit of a certain composite communication photovoltaic optimizer in the photovoltaic system detects that the power of the output end of a power conversion unit is lower than the average value of the power of the output end of the power conversion unit detected by the detection unit of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer in the photovoltaic system, the upper computer sends an instruction of the upper computer to control the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer to start an optimization mode;
the method comprises the steps that a worker holds the NFC inspection equipment to detect the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer, an NFC module of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer is in a point-to-point mode at the moment, an MCU sends collected electrical parameters to the worker holding the NFC inspection equipment through the NFC module, and the worker can issue a real-time NFC instruction through the holding of the NFC inspection equipment to control the working mode of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer;
when the upper computer monitors that the working state of a certain photovoltaic module is abnormal, the worker determines the position of the photovoltaic module through the unique identification ID of the photovoltaic module and then processes the photovoltaic module.
8. The operating method of the photovoltaic system with the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the MCU controls the power conversion unit to realize maximum power tracking, so as to maximize the power of the output end of the power conversion unit, and the MCU receives the electrical parameters, such as the voltage and current powers of the input end and the output end of the power conversion unit, from the detection unit, simultaneously generates related electrical parameters during operation, and transmits the electrical parameters to the NFC module and the Zigbee module, and receives data and instructions from the NFC module and the Zigbee module of the handheld NFC inspection device.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the priority of the real-time NFC instruction > the priority of the upper computer instruction > the priority of the local instruction.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the handheld NFC inspection device is capable of real-time firmware upgrade of the composite communication photovoltaic optimizer.
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WO2021114860A1 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Photovoltaic system having composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and working method for photovoltaic system |
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CN210780234U (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-06-16 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Photovoltaic system with composite communication photovoltaic optimizer |
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WO2021114860A1 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Photovoltaic system having composite communication photovoltaic optimizer and working method for photovoltaic system |
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