CN110854880B - Method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on water pumping energy storage power station - Google Patents
Method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on water pumping energy storage power station Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/13—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing gravitational potential energy
- F03D9/14—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing gravitational potential energy using liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0066—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by changing the speed, e.g. of the driving engine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
Abstract
A method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on a water pumping energy storage power station comprises the following steps: solving the power difference which needs to be compensated by the power fluctuation by utilizing a wind power generation field model; establishing constraint conditions for meeting power grid requirements, power balance and safe operation of equipment; establishing an energy storage model to solve the height of the reservoir, and adjusting the energy storage state of the reservoir; according to the power difference of wind power generation power fluctuation and the height of a reservoir, solving the rotating speed of a water pump, and when an electric load is at a peak, adjusting the water pump to the optimal rotating speed, so that the potential energy difference can be utilized to compensate the deficiency of the wind power generation power, and the influence of wind power generation fluctuation caused by wind power generation alone is stabilized; when the electricity is used in the trough, the rotation speed of the water pump is regulated, and the released capacity is pumped to a pumped storage power station for pumped storage. Through the organic combination of wind power and a water pump, the conversion of wind energy, water energy and electric energy is further completed by utilizing the potential energy difference between the upper water level and the lower water level of the reservoir, and the defect of fluctuation of output power caused by independently adopting wind power generation is compensated.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on a water pumping energy storage power station.
Background
In recent years, energy shortage and environmental pollution have become urgent problems to be solved primarily for human survival and development nowadays, and development and utilization of renewable energy sources, especially utilization of wind energy, have received high attention from countries around the world. Wind power generation brings brand new electric energy to us, but high permeability of wind energy can cause intermittent fluctuation of a system, so that output power of a power system is not stable any more, and adverse effects can be caused on a power grid when large-scale wind power is connected.
At present, some students are researching the damage to a power system caused by the randomness of wind energy,
the document [5] establishes a model for stabilizing the power fluctuation of the wind driven generator by adopting a battery energy storage system, and proposes a method for controlling the battery storage system by adopting random dynamic programming control. The document [6] proposes an electric power system optimization scheduling model combining compressed air energy storage and a wind driven generator to stabilize the fluctuation of the power of the wind driven generator.
However, the above researches have the defect that the capacity of the energy storage system is not large enough, and when large-scale power fluctuation occurs in wind power generation, the energy storage system cannot completely stabilize the power fluctuation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, a method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on a water pumping energy storage power station is provided.
The object of the application is achieved in the following way:
a method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on a water pumping energy storage power station comprises the following steps:
step one: inputting the power data sent by the wind power plant and the power data used by the users of the power system into a hybrid model; solving the power difference which needs to be compensated by the power fluctuation by utilizing a wind power generation field model;
step two: establishing constraint conditions for meeting power grid requirements, power balance and safe operation of equipment;
step three: establishing an energy storage model to solve the height of the reservoir, and adjusting the energy storage state of the reservoir;
step five, according to the power difference of wind power generation power fluctuation and the height of a reservoir, solving the rotating speed of the water pump, and when the power load is at a peak, adjusting the water pump to the optimal rotating speed, so that the potential energy difference can be utilized to compensate the deficiency of the wind power generation power, and the influence of wind power generation fluctuation caused by wind power generation alone is stabilized; when the electricity is used in the trough, the rotation speed of the water pump is regulated, and the released capacity is pumped to a pumped storage power station for pumped storage.
The specific steps of the first step are as follows: (1) Instantaneous wind energy of wind farm
Wherein ρ is the air density; r is the radius of the blade; v is wind speed; f (V/lambda, K) is a probability density function of Weibull distribution, and the distribution characteristics of wind speed can be obtained; lambda is the form factor; k is Weibull distribution parameter; p (P) W Is instantaneous wind energy;
(2) Instantaneous power capture for wind farm
Wherein P is mec To capture the effective wind power instantaneously; c (C) P (λ i Beta) is the power coefficient of the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine, subject toTo tip speed ratio lambda i And the effect of the beta pitch angle, representing the capture efficiency of wind energy; the pitch angle is almost unchanged, about a number around 0; lambda (lambda) i The ratio of the linear speed of the blade tip to the wind speed is given, and omega is the rotating speed of the wind turbine;
(3) Wind farm injection grid power
P wind ＝ηP mec
P in the formula wind Injecting grid power for the wind turbine; η is the efficiency of the wind power generator;
(4) Power difference requiring stabilization
P dev ＝P user -P wind
Wherein P is user And (5) using electric power for the users of the electric power system.
The specific steps of the step two comprise (1) power balance constraint:
P hydro (t)＝P grid (t)-P wind (t)+P pumpN
wherein P is grid (t) Power demand given to operators, P wind (t) wind farm Power derived for the upper part, P pumpN For the power rating of the centrifugal pump, this is a known value, P hydro (t) is the turbine power for the demand solution;
(2) Reservoir energy:
E sto (t) is the reservoir energy at a certain time, E sto (t-1) is the reservoir energy at the previous time, P hyd (t) is the power of the water turbine, P pumpN Rated for centrifugal pump, eta hyd And eta pump Efficiency of the water turbine and centrifugal pump respectively, delta t is time difference, SOC (t) is state quantity of reservoir energy, E sto-max Is the maximum value of the energy of the reservoir;
(3) Reservoir energy constraints:
E sto-min <E sto (t)<E sto-max
E sto-min and E is sto-max Is the upper and lower limits of reservoir energy;
(4) Grid demand power constraint:
P grid-min <P grid (t)<P grid-max
P grid-min and P grid-max The upper limit and the lower limit of the power grid are set;
(5) Output power constraint of the water turbine:
P hyd-min <P hyd (t)<P hyd-max
P hyd-min and P hyd-max Is the upper and lower limits of the power of the water turbine.
The specific steps of the third step comprise: (1) The potential energy of hydroelectric generation is E= mgh
In the above formula, m represents the mass of the dropped water, g represents gravitational potential energy, and h represents the dropped height;
(2) The power generated during the operation of the water turbine is P hyd ＝Δpη ydro Q s
P hyd For the power of the turbine, this data can be solved by a grid power model, η ydro The mechanical conversion power of the water turbine is expressed and is the rated parameter of the water turbine. Qs is the flow through the turbine. P (P) hyd 、η ydro Delta p are known values, and the intermediate variable Qs for calculating the reservoir height can be obtained by the above formula;
(3) Flow difference in reservoir energy storage model
Wherein Q is e (t) represents the flow rate into the reservoir, Q s (t) is expressed as the outgoing flow; a represents a system constant affecting the flow;
the flow rate of the outflow can be defined as
Where α is a constant related to the cross-sectional area of the fluid and h represents the height of the water falling under water;
the height of the reservoir in the energy storage model can be expressed as
h (0) is the initial height of the reservoir when the water in the lower reservoir is not pumped to the upper reservoir, the increased height in the reservoir is the integral of the flow rate into the system and the flow rate out of the system, q n (t') represents the flow rate of water flowing into the reservoir with time, q out And (t') represents the flow rate of the water flowing out of the reservoir over time.
The specific steps of the fourth step comprise: the mathematical equation of the centrifugal pump is n=p pump /Torque
N represents the rotation speed of the pump, P pump Representing the operating power of the pump, torque being the Torque produced by the pump in the operating state, h (t) being the unknown variable determined by the previous reservoir model, η pump The conversion efficiency of the water pump is shown as a known quantity;
from the two formulas, we can deduce the actual rotation speed of the pump
Compared with the prior art, the wind energy and water energy conversion device has the advantages that the wind energy and water energy conversion device further completes the conversion of wind energy and water energy and electric energy by organically combining wind power with the water pump and utilizing potential energy difference between upper and lower water levels of the reservoir. Because the pumped storage power station has the advantage of large storage capacity, the pumped storage power station can generate power to compensate the power gap in an emergency period and store energy in a non-power peak period, thereby compensating the defect of fluctuation of output power caused by singly adopting wind power generation
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system of a wind farm and a pumped storage power station of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a reservoir model.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system of wind turbines and water turbines.
Fig. 5 is an output power during a day in an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of wind speed during a day in an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the variation of wind power during a day in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the power deviation between the wind power generation and the grid.
Fig. 9 is a hydraulic pressure dynamic diagram in the power generation mode.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of water storage capacity
Fig. 11 is a flow rate change schematic diagram.
Fig. 12 is a schematic elevation view of a reservoir.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the present application, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. refer to an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, and are merely relational terms, which are used for convenience in describing structural relationships of various components or elements of the present application, and do not denote any one of the components or elements of the present application, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
In the present application, terms such as "fixedly attached," "connected," "coupled," and the like are to be construed broadly and refer to either a fixed connection or an integral or removable connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the terms in the present application can be determined according to circumstances by a person skilled in the relevant art or the art, and is not to be construed as limiting the present application.
A method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on a pumped storage power station is used for a wind power generation field consisting of wind turbines of the same type and a pumped storage station provided with a pump and turbines, wherein the pumped storage power station mainly consists of an upper reservoir, a lower reservoir, the wind turbines and a water turbine. The power output of the energy storage power station generated by the wind turbine and the water turbine is injected into a power grid, so that a power system obtains stable power generation; the method comprises the following steps:
step one: inputting the power data sent by the wind power plant and the power data used by the users of the power system into a hybrid model; solving the power difference which needs to be compensated by the power fluctuation by utilizing a wind power generation field model;
step two: establishing constraint conditions for meeting power grid requirements, power balance and safe operation of equipment;
step three: establishing an energy storage model to solve the height of the reservoir, and adjusting the energy storage state of the reservoir;
step five, according to the power difference of wind power generation power fluctuation and the height of a reservoir, solving the rotating speed of the water pump, and when the power load is at a peak, adjusting the water pump to the optimal rotating speed, so that the potential energy difference can be utilized to compensate the deficiency of the wind power generation power, and the influence of wind power generation fluctuation caused by wind power generation alone is stabilized; when the electricity is used in the trough, the rotation speed of the water pump is regulated, and the released capacity is pumped to a pumped storage power station for pumped storage.
The first step specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Instantaneous wind energy of wind farm
Wherein ρ is the air density; r is the radius of the blade; v is wind speed; f (V/lambda, K) is a probability density function of Weibull distribution, and the distribution characteristics of wind speed can be obtained; lambda is the form factor; k is Weibull distribution parameter; p (P) W Is instantaneous wind energy.
(2) Instantaneous power capture for wind farm
Wherein P is mec To capture the effective wind power instantaneously; c (C) P (λ i Beta) is the power coefficient of the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine, subject to the tip speed ratio lambda i And the effect of the beta pitch angle, representing the capture efficiency of wind energy; the pitch angle is almost unchanged, about a number around 0; lambda (lambda) i Where ω is the rotational speed of the wind turbine, and ω is the ratio of the tip linear speed to the wind speed.
(3) Wind farm injection grid power
P wind ＝ηP mec
P in the formula wind Injecting grid power for the wind turbine; η is the efficiency of the wind power generator.
(4) Power difference requiring stabilization
P dev ＝P user -P wind
Wherein P is user And (5) using electric power for the users of the electric power system.
The second step specifically includes (1) power balance constraint:
P hydro (t)＝P grid (t)-P wind (t)+P pumpN
wherein P is grid (t) Power demand given to operators, P wind (t) wind farm Power derived for the upper part, P pumpN For the power rating of the centrifugal pump, this is a known value, P hydro And (t) is the power of the water turbine for the demand solution.
(2) Reservoir energy:
E sto (t) is the reservoir energy at a certain time, E sto (t-1) is the reservoir energy at the previous time, P hyd (t) is the power of the water turbine, P pumpN Rated for centrifugal pump, eta hyd And eta pump Efficiency of the water turbine and centrifugal pump respectively, delta t is time difference, SOC (t) is state quantity of reservoir energy, E sto-max Is the maximum value of the reservoir energy.
(3) Reservoir energy constraints:
E sto-min <E sto (t)<E sto-max
E sto-min and E is sto-max Is the upper and lower limits of reservoir energy.
(4) Grid demand power constraint:
P grid-min <P grid (t)<P grid-max
P grid-min and P grid-max Is the upper and lower limits of the grid power. In the electric networkCompared with the prior grid power constraint condition in the power constraint model, the method determines the power of the water turbine according to the grid demand power, considers the influence of the grid power on the pumped storage device, improves the stability of the input grid power, reduces unnecessary power fluctuation, and changes the power change within the power demand energy range of the grid.
(5) Output power constraint of the water turbine:
P hyd-min <P hyd (t)<P hyd-max
P hyd-min and P hyd-max Is the upper and lower limits of the power of the water turbine.
The third step specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Potential energy of hydroelectric power generation is
E＝mgh
In the above formula, m represents the mass of the dropped water, g represents gravitational potential energy, and h represents the dropped height.
(2) The power generated during the operation of the water turbine is P hyd ＝Δpη ydro Q s
P hyd For the power of the turbine, this data can be solved by a grid power model, η ydro The mechanical conversion power of the water turbine is expressed and is the rated parameter of the water turbine. Qs is the flow through the turbine. P (P) hyd 、η ydro And delta p are known values, and the intermediate variable Qs for calculating the reservoir height can be obtained by the above formula.
(3) Flow difference in reservoir energy storage model
Wherein Q is e (t) represents the flow rate into the reservoir, Q s (t) is expressed as the outgoing flow; a represents a system constant that affects the flow magnitude.
The flow rate of the outflow can be defined as
Where α is a constant related to the cross-sectional area of the fluid and h represents the height of the water falling.
The height of the reservoir in the energy storage model can be expressed as
h (0) is the initial height of the reservoir when the water in the lower reservoir is not pumped to the upper reservoir, the increased height in the reservoir is the integral of the flow rate into the system and the flow rate out of the system, q n (t') represents the flow rate of water flowing into the reservoir with time, q out And (t') represents the flow rate of the water flowing out of the reservoir over time.
The volume stored in the reservoir is
The application considers the influence of temperature and flow on potential energy conversion efficiency. When solving the reservoir height and further calculating the reservoir energy and the running power of the centrifugal pump, the flow Qs (the water flow passing through the water turbine in unit time) is regarded as a function of time t, the variable has a non-negligible effect on the power of the centrifugal pump, and after the flow Qs variable is added, the function of the reservoir energy is more accurate, so that the accuracy of the optimal power constraint range of the active power grid is improved.
The fourth step specifically comprises: the mathematical equation of the centrifugal pump is n=p pump /Torque
N represents the rotation speed of the pump, P pump Representing the operating power of the pump, torque being the Torque produced by the pump in the operating state, h (t) being the unknown variable determined by the previous reservoir model, η pump The conversion efficiency of the water pump is shown as a known quantity.
From the two formulas, we can deduce the actual rotation speed of the pump
The calculation method of the running power of the centrifugal pump model is simplified, the calculation of the flow Qs is not needed again, and meanwhile, the change of the lift (which can be roughly regulated by the efficiency) under the influence of the impeller diameter is not considered.
Examples:
the built hybrid energy storage model system based on wind driven generator and pumped-hydro energy storage is shown in fig. 2, wherein the hybrid energy storage model system comprises a wind power plant consisting of wind turbines of the same type and a pumped-hydro energy storage station provided with pumps and turbines. The pumped storage power station mainly comprises an upper reservoir, a lower reservoir, a wind turbine and a water turbine. The power output of the energy storage power station generated by the wind turbine and the water turbine is injected into the power grid, so that the power system obtains stable generated power.
A wind farm model
The wind farm comprises a plurality of alike wind turbines, assumed to be N in number W Each wind turbine consists of three blades, which are driven by a gain multiplier G.
P mec ＝0.5ρπR 2 V 3 C p (λ，β) (1)
Where ρ is the density of air; r is the blade length; v is wind speed; c (C) P (lambda, beta) is the power coefficient representing the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and w is the rotational speed of the wind turbine.
The wind speed of a wind farm takes the form of a weibull distribution over time, the probability density function of which is given by:
where V is wind speed, C is a scale factor, and λ is a shape factor. The captured power output of the wind turbine may be written as follows.
P wind ＝η*P mec (4)
Wherein P is wind Is the injection power and η is the efficiency of the wind turbine.
A wind farm comprising six turbines with a maximum power of 13.8MW was studied here, and the wind farm settings are detailed in the following table.
TABLE 1
Wind farm parameters
Pumped storage hydropower station model
Hydroelectric pumped storage is the most widely used form of large-scale electrical energy storage. Water is pumped from the lower reservoir to the higher reservoir through tubing, which is stored as potential energy using the energy provided by the pumping unit. The storage device provides electricity by converting kinetic energy water into electrical energy. Generating and pumping water based on synchronous generators and asynchronous motors. In both modes, the storage device provides power or draws water based on the difference between grid power demand and wind power generation. All parameters of the storage device are obtained in this table.
Watch II
Storing device parameters
| Parameters of PHSP | Francis turbine |
| Water turbine rated power (MW) | 11.5MW |
| Nominal power of pump (KW) | 600 |
| Maximum reservoir height (m) | 60 |
| Minimum reservoir height (m) | 10 |
| Maximum reservoir flow (m) 3 /s) | 15*10^5 |
| Minimum reservoir flow (m) 3 /s) | 5.6029*10^4 |
| Reservoir A region (m) 2 ) | 5000 |
| Density of water d (kg/m) 3 ) | 1000 |
| Specific gravity of water gamma (N/m) 3 ) | 1000*9.81 |
| Region a (m 2 ) | 1500 |
A. Water turbine model
The water turbine obtains power from the forces exerted by the water as it falls from the upper to the lower reservoir. The mathematical equations for potential energy, water pressure, power, altitude and flow relative to a hydroelectric power station are as follows:
potential energy:
E＝mgh (5)
in hydrostatic, the change in pressure Δp is the change in elevation ΔH between two points in the fluid
Δp＝ρgΔH，ΔH＝H 2 -H 1 (6)
The power generated during operation of the turbine is calculated as follows:
P hyd ＝g ρ h η ydro h Q s (t) (7)
P hyd for power of turbines
Electric energy:
E hyd ＝∫P hyd dt (8)
the model configuration of the turbine is as follows.
P hyd_ref
Water turbine model
B. Pump model
Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by converting rotational kinetic energy into hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. Rotational energy is typically from an engine or an electric motor. Fluid enters the pump impeller along or near the axis of rotation and is accelerated by the impeller, flows radially out into the diffuser, and exits therefrom.
We define a simplified centrifugal pump model, so the mathematical equation for a centrifugal pump is as follows:
N＝P ref_pomp /Torque (10)
n, H, Q are nominal velocity, nominal height and nominal flow.
C. Reservoir model
The reservoir mathematical model is as follows
Volume equation:
reservoir model in MATLAB/SIMULINK
The following is provided.
The reservoir energy is calculated as follows:
the state of the energy equation is as follows:
D. grid power model
The dynamic load requested by the grid operator is the modeled grid power. The operator's configured power requirements P must be defined in the contract grid-ref . The dynamic profile grid is 14MW maximum and 6MW minimum. Investors use wind farms and storage facilities to provide energy, adhering to all rules in contracts and all storage constraints in these equations.
P grid (t)＝P wind (t)+P hydro (t)-P pump (t) (19)
E sto_min ＜E sto (t)＜E sto_max (20)
P grid_min ＜P grid (t)＜P grid_max (21)
P hyd_min ＜P hyd (t)＜P hyd_max (22)
Pumped storage P pump Is performed when, for example, renewable energy is surplus. Furthermore, when wind farm P wind Unlike P grid
When passing through the water turbine P hydro Storing the power.
The system structure diagram consisting of the wind turbine and the water turbine, which is built in the text, is shown in fig. 4. The device defines the direction of power flux, balances the power system and makes power fluctuation smoother.
The output power is shown in fig. 5, taking the actual wind speed and wind power generation of fig. 6, 7 and 8 as an example, the power demand can reach 100MW at the highest and 20MW at the lowest before the wind power generation and pumped storage hybrid energy storage model is used, the power fluctuation is large, the output cannot be stable, and the actual result is influenced. After the hybrid energy storage model is used, the power output is relatively stable, the wind power generation is optimally controlled, and the investment cost is reduced.
Figures 6 and 7 show the variation of wind speed and force during the day. Within 0-25 hours, the wind speed and the generated power are stable, the power fluctuates greatly within 25-40 hours due to the influence of the wind speed, the stable output cannot be realized, the maximum wind speed can reach 14 m/s at 28 hours, and the maximum power can reach 13MW. The improvement on the aspect of wind speed fluctuation can enable the power output to be more stable, and effectively control the unilateral problem of the influence of wind speed fluctuation.
The power deviation between the wind power generation and the power grid is shown in fig. 8, the hydraulic power in the power generation mode is shown in fig. 9, the hydraulic power is stable when the power deviation is small, and the hydraulic power is quickly zero when the power deviation is quickly increased to be maximum to 4 MW.
As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, the flow rate is changed smoothly and slowly increasing to the maximum value of 0.11MW in 0-25 hours, the water storage capacity is always zero, the flow rate is reduced rapidly to the minimum value of 4m3/s in 25-40 hours, the water storage capacity is increased rapidly to the maximum value of 0.47MW, during this time, both the flow rate and the water storage capacity are changed greatly and cannot be outputted accurately, the result is affected as shown in fig. 12, the reservoir height is reduced rapidly and slowly to zero in the early use of the power generation mode, the reservoir height is increased rapidly to the maximum value of 60m in the middle use of the pump mode, and then reduced rapidly to zero. This result describes an example of a model of joint operation between a wind farm and a pumped-storage power plant. During emergency or peak demand, the water is allowed to return to the lower reservoir through the turbine, so that in this way the potential energy of the water stored in the upper reservoir is released and converted to electricity when required.
A control strategy for stabilizing wind power generation output power of a hybrid energy storage system is provided, and pumped storage is used for compensating low-frequency fluctuation of the wind power generation output power. The effectiveness and the correctness of the control strategy are verified through the simulation result, the power fluctuation amplitude after compensation is greatly reduced compared with that before compensation, the power output after compensation can be stabilized near the scheduling expected value, and the control effect is good.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the application, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the application as defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. A method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on a water pumping energy storage power station is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: inputting the power data sent by the wind power plant and the power data used by the users of the power system into a hybrid model; solving the power difference which needs to be compensated by the power fluctuation by utilizing a wind power generation field model;
step two: establishing constraint conditions for meeting power grid requirements, power balance and safe operation of equipment;
step three: establishing an energy storage model to solve the height of the reservoir, and adjusting the energy storage state of the reservoir;
step four: according to the power difference of wind power generation power fluctuation and the height of a reservoir, solving the rotating speed of a water pump, and when an electric load is at a peak, adjusting the water pump to the optimal rotating speed, so that the potential energy difference can be utilized to compensate the deficiency of the wind power generation power, and the influence of wind power generation fluctuation caused by wind power generation alone is stabilized; when the electricity is used in the trough, the rotation speed of the water pump is regulated, and the released capacity is stored and pumped into a pumped storage power station for pumped storage;
the specific steps of the step two comprise (1) power balance constraint:
P hydro (t)＝P grid (t)-P wind (t)+P pumpN
wherein P is grid (t) Power demand given to operators, P wind (t) wind farm Power derived for the upper part, P pumpN For the power rating of the centrifugal pump, this is a known value, P hydro (t) is the turbine power for the demand solution;
(2) Reservoir energy:
E sto (t) is the reservoir energy at a certain time, E sto (t-1) is the reservoir energy at the previous time, P hyd (t) is the power of the water turbine, P pumpN Rated for centrifugal pump, eta hyd And eta pump Efficiency of the water turbine and centrifugal pump respectively, delta t is time difference, SOC (t) is state quantity of reservoir energy, E sto-max Is the maximum value of the energy of the reservoir;
(3) Reservoir energy constraints:
E sto-min <E sto (t)<E sto-max
E sto-min and E is sto-max Is the upper and lower limits of reservoir energy;
(4) Grid demand power constraint:
P grid-min <P grid (t)<P grid-max
P grid-min and P grid-max The upper limit and the lower limit of the power grid are set;
(5) Output power constraint of the water turbine:
P hyd-min <P hyd (t)<P hyd-max ，
P hyd-min and P hyd-max Is the upper and lower limits of the power of the water turbine;
the specific steps of the third step comprise: (1) Potential energy of hydroelectric power generation is
E＝mgh
In the above formula, m represents the mass of the dropped water, g represents gravitational potential energy, and h represents the dropped height;
(2) The power generated during the operation of the water turbine is
P hyd ＝Δpη ydro Q s
P hyd For the power of the turbine, this data can be solved by a grid power model, η ydro The mechanical conversion power of the water turbine is represented and is a rated parameter of the water turbine; qs is the flow through the turbine; p (P) hyd 、η ydro Delta p are known values, and the intermediate variable Qs for calculating the reservoir height can be obtained by the above formula;
(3) Flow difference in reservoir energy storage model
Wherein Q is e (t) represents the flow rate into the reservoir, Q s (t) is expressed as the outgoing flow; a represents a system constant affecting the flow;
the flow rate of the outflow can be defined as
Where α is a constant related to the cross-sectional area of the fluid and h represents the height of the water falling under water;
the height of the reservoir in the energy storage model can be expressed as
h (0) is the initial height of the reservoir when the water in the lower reservoir is not pumped to the upper reservoir, the increased height in the reservoir is the integral of the flow rate into the system and the flow rate out of the system, q n (t') represents the flow rate of water flowing into the reservoir with time, q out And (t') represents the flow rate of the water flowing out of the reservoir over time.
2. The method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on the water pumping energy storage power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of the first step are as follows: (1) Instantaneous wind energy of wind farm
Wherein ρ is the air density; r is the radius of the blade; v is wind speed; f (V/lambda, K) is a probability density function of Weibull distribution, and the distribution characteristics of wind speed can be obtained; lambda is the form factor; k is Weibull distribution parameter; p (P) W Is instantaneous wind energy;
(2) Instantaneous power capture for wind farm
Wherein P is mec To capture the effective wind power instantaneously; c (C) P (λ i Beta) is the power coefficient of the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine, subject to the tip speed ratio lambda i And the effect of the beta pitch angle, representing the capture efficiency of wind energy; the pitch angle is almost unchanged, about a number around 0; lambda (lambda) i The ratio of the linear speed of the blade tip to the wind speed is given, and omega is the rotating speed of the wind turbine;
(3) Wind farm injection grid power
P wind ＝ηP mec
P in the formula wind Injecting grid power for the wind turbine; η is the efficiency of the wind power generator;
(4) Power difference requiring stabilization
P dev ＝P user -P wind
Wherein P is user And (5) using electric power for the users of the electric power system.
3. The method for stabilizing wind power generation power fluctuation based on the water pumping energy storage power station as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of the fourth step comprise: the mathematical equation of the centrifugal pump is
N＝P pump /Torque
N represents the rotation speed of the pump, P pump The operating power of the pump is represented, torque is Torque generated by the pump in an operating state, h (t) is the height of a reservoir in an energy storage model, eta pump The conversion efficiency of the water pump is shown as a known quantity;
from the two formulas, we can deduce the actual rotation speed of the pump
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