CN110854539A - Transmission structure - Google Patents
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- CN110854539A CN110854539A CN201910998347.2A CN201910998347A CN110854539A CN 110854539 A CN110854539 A CN 110854539A CN 201910998347 A CN201910998347 A CN 201910998347A CN 110854539 A CN110854539 A CN 110854539A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
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Abstract
A transmissive structure includes a plurality of first transmissive units; and a plurality of second transmission units, wherein the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit is the same as or similar to the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit, and the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit is different from the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit; the plurality of first transmission units and the plurality of second transmission units are arranged in a disorder manner in one surface. The transmission structure can enable the reflected electromagnetic waves to interfere with each other when the electromagnetic waves are incident, so that the energy of the reflected electromagnetic waves is distributed in all directions of the reflection side space in a random mode, the energy of the transmitted electromagnetic waves is concentrated, the wave front is not changed, and the single-side imaging effect of imaging in the transmission side space is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of electromagnetic wave imaging technology, and more particularly, to a transmission structure.
Background
Conventional light-transmitting materials, such as glass, have smooth and flat surfaces, so that when incident light is incident, both transmitted and reflected light can be imaged. However, when unfavorable luminance distributions exist in the surrounding environment, these luminance distributions may be reflected by the light-transmitting material to cause visual fatigue or discomfort to people.
Conventionally, the above problem has been solved by forming a rough and uneven structure (e.g., ground glass) on the surface of such a light-transmitting material to make light diffuse. However, when light is irradiated on the processed light-transmitting material, neither transmitted light nor reflected light is imaged, so that people cannot obtain information through the light-transmitting material, and inconvenience is easily caused to life of people.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a transmission structure that is not imaged by transmission and reflection, aiming at the problem that the transmission and reflection of the light-transmitting material with rough and uneven surface are not imaged.
A transmissive structure comprising:
a plurality of first transmission units; and the number of the first and second groups,
a plurality of second transmission units in which a transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave is the same as or close to a transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave in the first transmission unit, and a reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave in the second transmission unit is different from a reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave in the first transmission unit;
the plurality of first transmission units and the plurality of second transmission units are arranged in a disordered manner in one surface.
According to the transmission structure, the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit which have the same or similar transmission and different reflection are arranged in one surface in a disordered mode, so that reflected waves interfere with each other when electromagnetic waves enter the transmission structure, the wave fronts of the reflected waves are changed, the energy of the reflected waves is distributed in disorder in all directions of the space on the reflection side of the transmission structure to form diffuse reflection, the wave fronts of the transmitted waves are not changed, and the energy of the transmitted waves is concentrated in one direction of the space on the transmission side of the transmission structure, so that the single-side imaging effect of imaging only in the space on the transmission side is achieved.
In one embodiment, the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unitAnd a transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission means
Satisfy the requirement of
In one embodiment, the second transmission unit has a reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave
And a reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit
Satisfy the requirement of
In one embodiment, the second transmission unit has a modulus r of the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave2And a modulus r of a reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit1Satisfy r of 0.25 ≤2/r1≤4。
In one embodiment, the effective relative permittivity of the first transmission unit and the effective relative permeability of the second transmission unit are equal in value, and the effective relative permeability of the first transmission unit and the effective relative permittivity of the second transmission unit are equal in value.
In one embodiment, the first transmission unit is provided with a metal rod array and a metal split ring array having a first arrangement structure, and the second transmission unit is provided with a metal rod array and a metal split ring array having a second arrangement structure, wherein the first arrangement structure and the second arrangement structure are different.
In one embodiment, the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit have the same arrangement of an array of metal rods and an array of metal open rings, wherein the metal rods in the first transmission unit and the metal rods in the second transmission unit are different in size, and/or the metal open rings in the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit are different in size.
In one embodiment, the first transmission unit comprises a first part and a second part which are sequentially arranged along the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure, wherein the first part and the second part have different effective relative dielectric constants and/or different effective relative magnetic permeabilities;
the second transmission unit comprises a second part and a first part which are sequentially arranged along the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure, and the second transmission unit and the first transmission unit are symmetrical about a mirror surface parallel to the incident surface of the transmission structure.
In one embodiment, the first portion and the second portion are each formed from a different single material.
In one embodiment, the first portion and the second portion are formed of the same single material, wherein a shape of a side of the first portion remote from the second portion is different from a shape of a side of the second portion remote from the first portion.
In one embodiment, the single material comprises a light transmissive material.
In one embodiment, the light transmissive material includes at least one of glass, resin, transparent crystal, liquid crystal, transparent liquid, and gas.
In one embodiment, the first portion and/or the second portion is formed by compounding at least two different materials.
In one embodiment, the first portion and/or the second portion are formed by at least two different materials arranged along a normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure.
In one embodiment, the first portion and the second portion are each formed of a light transmissive material.
In one embodiment, the first portion and the second portion are both provided as a film layer structure.
In one embodiment, the first portion comprises a first base body, the second portion comprises a second base body, a first insert is arranged on the surface or in the first base body, and/or a second insert is arranged on the surface or in the second base body.
In one embodiment, the first substrate and the second substrate are made of the same material.
In one embodiment, the material comprises a light transmissive material.
In one embodiment, the light transmissive material includes at least one of glass, resin, transparent crystal, liquid crystal, transparent liquid, and gas.
In one embodiment, the first slug includes a metal slug or a dielectric slug and the second slug includes a metal slug or a dielectric slug.
The present application also provides a film.
A film comprising a transmissive structure as hereinbefore described.
The film can be attached to screens of electronic equipment such as mobile phones, tablet computers and displays, and also can be attached to windshields of automobiles, glass walls and glass windows of buildings, so that people can avoid visual fatigue caused by the reflection of unsuitable brightness light sources in the surrounding environment, can avoid overlapped imaging of transmitted waves and reflected waves in human eyes, and can acquire light information penetrating through the film.
The application also provides an electronic device.
An electronic device comprising a display device and the film as described above provided on a surface of the display device.
According to the electronic equipment, the film which is not imaged by transmission imaging and reflection is pasted on the surface of the display device, so that the display information of the electronic equipment can be obtained, and the visual fatigue of human eyes caused by the reflection imaging of the surrounding environment on the surface of the display device can be avoided.
The present application also provides a resin tablet.
A resin sheet comprising a transmissive structure as described above.
The resin sheet can be used for preparing the resin lens, so that when light enters the resin lens, reflected light is subjected to diffuse reflection on an incident surface and only transmitted light is subjected to imaging, and the imaging quality of the resin lens is improved.
The present application also provides a glass.
A glazing comprising a transmissive structure as hereinbefore described.
The glass can be used for preparing building glass or automobile windshield glass, so that reflected light is subjected to diffuse reflection on an incident surface when the light is incident on the surface of the glass, and only transmitted light can be imaged, thereby solving the problem of glare caused by common glass; the glass can also be used for preparing glass lenses, so that reflected light imaging of the glass lenses is avoided, and the imaging quality of the glass lenses is improved.
Drawings
FIGS. 1(a) - (c) are schematic diagrams of transmission and reflection of ordinary glass, ground glass and transmission structure, respectively;
FIGS. 2(a) - (c) are respectively a schematic diagram of a disordered arrangement, a far-field electric field diagram at a reflection side and a far-field electric field diagram at a transmission side of a first transmission unit I and a second transmission unit II according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIGS. 3(a) - (c) are respectively a schematic diagram of a disordered arrangement, a far-field electric field diagram at a reflection side and a far-field electric field diagram at a transmission side of a first transmission unit I and a second transmission unit II according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIGS. 4(a) - (c) are respectively a schematic diagram of a disordered arrangement, a far-field electric field diagram at a reflection side and a far-field electric field diagram at a transmission side of a first transmission unit I and a second transmission unit II according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIGS. 5(a) - (c) are respectively a schematic diagram of the disordered arrangement, a far-field electric field diagram at the reflection side and a far-field electric field diagram at the transmission side of a first transmission unit I and a second transmission unit II of a glass according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6(a) - (c) are respectively a schematic diagram of a uniform transmission structure formed by only the first transmission unit i, a far-field electric field diagram on the reflection side, and a far-field electric field diagram on the transmission side;
FIGS. 7(a) - (c) are diagrams of far-field electric fields at the transmission side when the first transmission unit I and the second transmission unit II of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2(a) have different transmission phase differences, respectively;
FIGS. 8(a) - (c) are diagrams of far-field electric fields at the reflection side when the first transmission unit I and the second transmission unit II of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2(a) have different reflection phase differences, respectively;
FIGS. 9(a) - (c) are graphs of far-field electric fields on the reflection side when the mode of the reflection coefficient of the second transmission unit II and the mode of the reflection coefficient of the first transmission unit I are different ratios in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2(a), respectively;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the first transmission unit 11 and the second transmission unit 12 according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a first transmission unit 21 and a second transmission unit 22 according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a first transmission unit 31 and a second transmission unit 32 according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a first transmission unit 41 and a second transmission unit 42 according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a first transmission unit 51 and a second transmission unit 52 according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15(a) - (d) are respectively electromagnetic wave transmission phase curve, reflection phase curve, transmittance curve and reflectance curve when an electromagnetic wave is incident on the first transmission unit 51 and the second transmission unit 52 of the embodiment shown in fig. 14;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a disordered arrangement of the embodiment of FIG. 14;
FIG. 17 is an enlarged schematic view of portion P of the embodiment of FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion P' of the embodiment of FIG. 16;
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing far-field radiation when an electromagnetic wave is normally incident on a uniform glass constituted by only the first transmission unit 51;
FIGS. 20(a) - (c) are schematic diagrams of far-field radiation of electromagnetic waves incident on the glass of the embodiment of FIG. 16 at different angles, respectively;
FIGS. 21(a) - (c) are schematic diagrams of far-field radiation of electromagnetic waves incident on the glass of the embodiment of FIG. 16 at different frequencies, respectively.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are given in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "circumferential," and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The surface of ordinary glass is smooth and flat, and both transmitted light and reflected light can be imaged, as shown in fig. 1 (a). However, when these glasses have a strong light source in the surrounding environment, glare is formed, and the glasses are easily harmful to human eyes. Therefore, people use carborundum or a chemical method to treat the surface of the glass, so that the surface is rough and uneven to form ground glass, and further glare is prevented. However, the conventional ground glass causes neither the transmitted light nor the reflected light to be imaged, as shown in fig. 1 (b). Therefore, if the traditional ground glass is used as window glass of buildings or windshields of automobiles, the daily work requirements of people cannot be met.
The defects existing in the above solutions are the results obtained after the inventor has practiced and studied carefully, so the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions proposed by the following embodiments of the present application for the above problems should be the contribution of the inventor to the present application in the process of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1(c), the present application is to design the transmission unit to image the transmitted electromagnetic wave and not image the reflected electromagnetic wave (i.e. form diffuse reflection). There are many kinds of transmission units commonly found in nature, such as glass, quartz, calcium fluoride, etc.
As shown in fig. 2(a), fig. 3(a), fig. 4(a) and fig. 5(a), the present embodiment provides a transmissive structure including a plurality of first transmissive units i (unshaded square portions in the figure) and a plurality of second transmissive units ii (shaded square portions in the figure).
Specifically, the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit II is the same as or close to the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I, and the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit II is different from the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I.
Transmission imaging needs to keep the wavefront of the transmitted electromagnetic wave the same as the wavefront of the incident electromagnetic wave. In the application, the transmission phases of the first transmission unit I and the second transmission unit II are the same or similar, and the transmitted wave energy can keep the wave front information of the incident electromagnetic wave, so that the electromagnetic wave can be transmitted from the transmission structure and can be imaged on the transmission side of the transmission structure. Further, the first transmission unit I and the second transmission unit II can have the same or similar transmissivity, so that the imaging quality of the transmitted wave is further improved.
The first transmission units I and the second transmission units II are arranged in a disordered mode in one face. Specifically, the size of the first transmission unit i and the second transmission unit ii may be similar to the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave, that is, set to be in the wavelength order or the sub-wavelength order. Of course, when the size of the first transmission unit I and the second transmission unit II is in the sub-wavelength range, the one-side imaging effect of the transmission structure is better.
Because the reflection phases of the second transmission unit II and the first transmission unit I are different, after the second transmission unit II and the first transmission unit I are arranged in disorder in one surface to form a transmission structure, the electromagnetic waves incident to the transmission structure and reflected electromagnetic waves formed on the incident surface of the transmission structure interfere with each other, namely, the interference is constructive or destructive, so that the energy distribution of the reflected electromagnetic waves is uneven, the diffuse reflection is formed, the wave front of the reflected electromagnetic waves is changed, the same wave front as the incident electromagnetic waves cannot be maintained, and the electromagnetic waves reflected by the transmission structure cannot be imaged on the reflection side.
The following are four examples provided by the present application regarding the disordered arrangement of the transmissive structure.
Taking the transmissive structure 100 shown in fig. 2(a) as an example, the transmissive structure 100 has 8 × 8 square structures each having a side length of 0.87 λ0Wherein λ is0Is the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave in vacuum. The transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit II is the same as that of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I (namely, the transmission phase difference is 0), and the reflection phase difference is pi. A simulation software is used to simulate a scene in which an electromagnetic wave is incident on the transmission structure 100, and a reflection-side far-field electric field diagram 2(b) and a transmission-side far-field electric field diagram 2(c) of the transmission structure 100 are obtained, wherein the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave is 0 ° (i.e., normal incidence), and the three-dimensional coordinates in fig. 2(b) and fig. 2(c) each represent the spatial position coordinates of the reflection side and the transmission side of the transmission structure 100. As shown in fig. 2(b), the energy of the reflected electromagnetic wave is dispersed toward the periphery, the wavefront changes due to the constructive or destructive interference of the reflected waves, the wavefront of the incident electromagnetic wave cannot be maintained, and thus the image cannot be formed on the reflection side of the transmission structure 100; as shown in fig. 2(c), the energy of the transmitted electromagnetic wave is concentrated in the normal incidence direction, and it can be seen that the wave fronts of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the first transmission unit i and the second transmission unit ii remain the same as the wave fronts of the incident electromagnetic wave, that is, the electromagnetic wave transmission phase of the first transmission unit i and the electromagnetic wave transmission phase of the second transmission unit ii are the same, so that the transmitted electromagnetic wave can be imaged on the transmission side of the transmission structure 100.
Fig. 3(a), 4(a) and 5(a) show three other transmissive structures 200, 300 and 400 (each of 8 × 8 square structures) with disordered arrangements, respectivelyThe side length of each square structure is 0.87 lambda0) And the second transmission unit II and the first transmission unit I are set to have the same transmission phase (namely, the transmission phase difference is 0) and the reflection phase difference pi. As can also be seen from simulation, in the reflection-side far-field electric fields of fig. 3(b), fig. 4(b) and fig. 5(b) corresponding to the respective embodiments, the energy of the reflected electromagnetic wave is dispersed toward the periphery and cannot be imaged on the reflection sides of the transmissive structure 200, the transmissive structure 300 and the transmissive structure 400; in the reflection side far field electric field diagrams 3(c), 4(c) and 5(c) corresponding to the embodiments, the energy of the transmitted electromagnetic wave is concentrated in the normal incidence direction and the transmittance is high, and the wavefront of the transmitted electromagnetic wave remains the same as the wavefront of the incident electromagnetic wave, so that the images can be formed on the transmission sides of the transmission structure 200, the transmission structure 300 and the transmission structure 400.
In contrast, the present application also shows a uniform transmission structure 500 of equal size arranged by only the first transmission unit i in fig. 6(a) to 6 (c). It can be seen that the energy of the reflected electromagnetic wave in fig. 6(b) is concentrated in the direction opposite to the normal incidence, the phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave is the same, no interference is constructive or destructive, and an image can be formed on the reflection side; in fig. 6(c), the energy of the transmitted electromagnetic wave is concentrated in the normal incidence direction, the wavefront of the transmitted electromagnetic wave remains the same as the wavefront of the incident electromagnetic wave, and further, an image can be formed on the transmission side. Specifically, as can be seen from fig. 2(b), 3(b), 4(b) and 5(b), the extreme values of the electromagnetic waves on the reflection side of the embodiments corresponding to fig. 2-5 are respectively reduced to 17.2%, 25.16%, 33.19% and 22.67% of the uniform structure, and further, as can be seen from fig. 2(c), 3(c), 4(c) and 5(c), the embodiments corresponding to fig. 2-5 can form diffuse reflection on the reflection side of the electromagnetic waves under the condition that the electromagnetic waves are kept to be transmitted at a high level, thereby achieving a good single-side imaging effect.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the arrangement positions of the first transmission unit i and the second transmission unit ii may be interchanged, and the arrangement in the drawings is merely used as an example in the present application. In addition, a plurality of first transmission units I and a plurality of second transmission units II both can arrange in the plane, also can arrange in curved surface or the plane of buckling, and this application embodiment does not restrict the shape of the floorcloth cover of a plurality of first transmission units I and a plurality of second transmission units II.
In some embodiments, the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit II
And the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I
Satisfy the requirement of
By controlling the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit II and the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I to satisfy the above relation, the transmitted electromagnetic wave can be imaged on the transmission side of the transmission structure, and the imaged image has certain definition. Specifically, the transmission phase difference of the two transmission units may be 0, 0.1 pi, 0.2 pi, 0.3 pi, 0.4 pi, and 0.5 pi.
Specifically, taking the transmission structure 100 shown in fig. 2(a) as an example, the transmission phase difference of the first transmission unit i and the second transmission unit ii is adjusted individually. FIGS. 7(a) to 7(c) show transmission phases of electromagnetic waves of the second transmission unit II, respectively
And the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I
Difference of (2)
A transmission side far field electric field pattern at 0, 0.3 pi, and 0.5 pi, in which an electromagnetic wave is normally incident to the transmission structure 100. It can be seen that the energy of the transmitted electromagnetic wave in the above case is concentrated in the normal incidence direction, and even when the transmission phase difference is 0.5 π, the maximum value of the far-field electric field on the transmission side is maintained at 70% or more of that when the phase difference is 0, indicating that the transmission is performed at this timeThe radiated electromagnetic wave can still form a clearer image.
In some embodiments, the phase of reflection of the electromagnetic wave by the second transmission unit IIAnd the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I
Satisfy the requirement of
By controlling the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave in the second transmission unit ii and the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave in the first transmission unit i to satisfy the above-described relationship, the energy of the reflected electromagnetic wave can be dispersed more significantly toward the periphery, and thus, no image can be formed on the reflection side. Specifically, the reflection phase difference of the two transmission units may be 0.6 pi, 0.7 pi, 0.8 pi, 0.9 pi, 1.0 pi, 1.1 pi, 1.2 pi, 1.3 pi, and 1.4 pi.
Specifically, taking the transmission structure 100 shown in fig. 2(a) as an example, the reflection phase difference of the first transmission cell i and the second transmission cell ii is adjusted individually. FIGS. 8(a) to 8(c) show the reflection phases of the electromagnetic waves of the second transmission unit II, respectively
And the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I
Difference of (2)
And a reflection side far field electric field pattern at 0.9 pi, 1 pi, 1.1 pi, in which an electromagnetic wave is normally incident to the transmissive structure 100. It can be seen that the energy of the reflected electromagnetic wave in the above case is dispersed toward the periphery, so that the electromagnetic wave reflected at the reflection side of the transmissive structure 100 cannot be imaged. Specifically, the maximum value of the reflected wave energy in fig. 8(a) to 8(c) is approximately 3.2 of the maximum value of the reflected wave energy in the uniform structure shown in fig. 6(a)％。
Further, on the premise that the relational expression of the reflection phase is satisfied, the modulus r of the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit II2And a modulus r of a reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I1Satisfy r of 0.25 ≤2/r1Less than or equal to 4. By controlling the reflectivity of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit II and the reflectivity of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I to satisfy the above relationship, the energy of the reflected electromagnetic wave can have an obvious energy dispersion effect on the reflection side of the transmission structure 100, and further the reflected electromagnetic wave can not be imaged on the reflection side. Specifically, the ratio of the modes of the reflection coefficients of the two transmission units may be 0.25, 0.5,0.75, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 3, and 4.
Specifically, still taking the transmission structure 100 shown in fig. 2(a) as an example, the ratio of the modes of the reflection coefficients of the first transmission cell i and the second transmission cell ii is adjusted separately. FIGS. 9(a) to 9(c) show the moduli r of the reflection coefficients of the electromagnetic waves of the second transmission unit II, respectively2Modulus r of reflection coefficient of electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I1Far field pattern on the reflection side at 20%, 50% and 100% larger, at this time r2/r1Corresponding to 1.2, 1.5 and 2, the electromagnetic wave is normally incident to the transmissive structure 100. It can be seen that in the above case, the energy of the reflected electromagnetic wave is randomly distributed in all directions in the space, so that the reflected electromagnetic wave cannot be imaged on the reflection side of the transmission structure 100. Of course, the modulus r of the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit II2Or a modulus r of a reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit I120%, 50% and 100% less, in which case r2/r1Corresponding to 5/6, 2/3, and 1/2.
In addition, the transmission structure can be applied to different wave bands such as a visible light wave band and a microwave wave band by adjusting the size of the transmission structure. It should be noted that, the transmission structures in different disordered arrangement forms have different corresponding transmission phase differences, reflection phase differences and reflection coefficient mode differences when realizing single-side imaging, and technicians can adjust the disordered arrangement mode of the transmission structures according to the transflective coefficient conditions of actual needs to realize a better single-side imaging effect.
In some embodiments, the aforementioned transmissive structure can be designed by manipulation of the effective relative permittivity and effective relative permeability of the material.
Specifically, the thicknesses of the first transmission cell i and the second transmission cell ii in the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure may be set to be equal, while the value e of the effective relative permittivity of the first transmission cell i is set to be equal1Effective relative permeability mu with the second transmission unit II2Are set to be equal, the effective relative permeability mu of the first transmission cell I1And the effective relative dielectric constant epsilon of the second transmission unit II2Are set equal in value. Thus, according to the transmission matrix theory in wave optics, the transmission matrix of the first transmission unit I can be obtained
A1，B1，C1And D1Are respectively corresponding transmission matrix elements, wherein
Represents the impedance, delta, of the first transmission cell I1The longitudinal optical path of the electromagnetic wave in the first transmission unit I is shown, and the transmission coefficient of the electromagnetic wave passing through the first transmission unit I can be deduced
Coefficient of reflection
η therein0And ηgRepresenting the impedance of the incident-side material and the impedance of the exit-side material, respectively, of the transmissive structure, typically of the same background material, e.g. air, and therefore η0＝ηg. Likewise, the transmission matrix of the second transmission unit II
In combination with the above-mentioned conditions, it can be seen that,δ1＝δ2and thus further can be calculated to obtain, t1＝t2，r1＝-r2Namely, at this moment, the transmission phase, the transmissivity and the reflectivity of the first transmission unit I and the second transmission unit II are the same, and the reflection phase difference pi meets the requirement of the one-side imaging of the transmission structure.
Further, the first transmission unit i may be configured to have a first arrangement structure of an array of metal rods and an array of metal open rings, and the second transmission unit ii may be configured to have a second arrangement structure of an array of metal rods and an array of metal open rings, where the first arrangement structure is different from the second arrangement structure. The metal rod array can be used for adjusting the electric resonance of the material to adjust the effective relative dielectric constant of the material, and the metal ring array can be used for adjusting the magnetic resonance of the material to adjust the effective relative permeability of the material, so that the numerical value epsilon of the effective relative dielectric constant of the first transmission unit I can be respectively adjusted by adjusting the arrangement structures of the metal rod array and the metal ring array in the two transmission units1Effective relative permeability mu with the second transmission unit II2Are equal, the effective relative permeability mu of the first transmission cell I1And the effective relative dielectric constant epsilon of the second transmission unit II2Are equal in value.
In another embodiment, the first transmission unit I and the second transmission unit II have the same arrangement of the metal rod array and the metal open ring array, for example, the metal rod is arranged in the metal open ring to form a structure in a shape of Chinese character 'shan', and then the size of the metal rod of each transmission unit and the size of the metal open ring in each transmission unit are adjusted to make the value epsilon of the effective relative dielectric constant of the first transmission unit I1Effective relative permeability mu with the second transmission unit II2Are equal, the effective relative permeability mu of the first transmission cell I1And the effective relative dielectric constant epsilon of the second transmission unit II2Numerical phase ofAnd the like. It will be understood that the dimensions of the metal bar include, but are not limited to, the length, width, and thickness of the metal bar, and the dimensions of the metal split ring include, but are not limited to, the inner diameter and thickness of the metal split ring.
It is noted that the transmissive structure of the present embodiment can also be prepared using materials in nature. For example, nickel zinc ferrite material, the relative dielectric constant of which can be adjusted within the range of 10-1000, and the relative permeability of magnetic materials existing in nature and the effective relative permeability of artificial composite materials can also cover a wide range. Therefore, by selecting two appropriate uniform materials in nature, the relative permittivity value of the first transmission unit I and the relative permeability value of the second transmission unit II can be equal, and the relative permeability value of the first transmission unit I and the relative permittivity value of the second transmission unit II can be equal.
In some embodiments, the first transmission unit I comprises a first part and a second part which are sequentially arranged along the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure, wherein the effective relative dielectric constants and/or the effective relative magnetic permeabilities of the first part and the second part are different; the second transmission unit II comprises a second part and a first part which are sequentially arranged along the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure, and the second transmission unit II and the first transmission unit I are symmetrical about a mirror surface parallel to the incident surface of the transmission structure. The incident surface of the transmission structure is an electromagnetic wave incident surface on the transmission structure. For example, when the first transmission unit i and the second transmission unit ii are square bodies, the incident surface may be formed by arranging incident side surfaces on the plurality of first transmission units i and the plurality of second transmission units ii; when the first transmission unit I and the second transmission unit II are spheres, the incident plane can be formed by arranging tangent planes at the incident positions of the first transmission units I and the second transmission units II; when the first transmission unit i and the second transmission unit ii are shaped bodies, the incident surface may also be formed by arranging a plurality of first transmission units i and a plurality of second transmission units ii in a tangential plane at the incident positions.
Specifically, the first transmission unit i includes various forms, for example, first transmission units 11, 21, 31, 41, and 51 shown in fig. 10 to 14, in which the first transmission units 11, 21, 31, 41, and 51 have electromagnetic wave incident planes P11, P21, P31, P41, and P51, respectively, and the corresponding second transmission unit ii also includes various forms, for example, second transmission units 12, 22, 32, 42, and 52 shown in fig. 10 to 14, in which the second transmission units 12, 22, 32, 42, and 52 have electromagnetic wave incident planes P12, P22, P32, P42, and P52, respectively.
As shown in fig. 10, the first transmission unit 11 is formed by two materials with different dielectric constants and/or different magnetic conductivities arranged along the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure, and at this time, the first portion 1 and the second portion 2 are respectively a single material with different dielectric constants and/or different magnetic conductivities, and correspondingly, the second transmission unit 12 is formed by the second portion 2 and the first portion 1 arranged along the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure, wherein the plurality of incident surfaces 11 and the plurality of incident surfaces 12 are arranged to form the incident surface of the transmission structure (the forming manner of the incident surface of the transmission structure in each embodiment is similar to that in the embodiment, and thus is not described again). According to the transmission matrix theory, the transmission matrix of the first transmission unit 11 can be obtained
A1，B1，C1And D1Corresponding transmission matrix elements are respectively provided and are related to the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of the first part 1 and the second part 2, and the transmission coefficient of the electromagnetic wave after passing through the first unit 11 can be deduced
Coefficient of reflection
Also in combination with the foregoing conditions, it can be inferred that the transmission matrix of the second transmission unit 12 isFurther obtaining the transmission coefficient of the electromagnetic wave after passing through the second transmission unit 12Coefficient of reflection
Since the background medium is usually a uniform material such as air, η is the name0＝ηgFurther, it is understood that the first transmission cell 11 and the second transmission cell 12 have the same transmission coefficient and different reflection coefficients. Specifically, the reflection phases of the first transmission unit 11 and the second transmission unit 12 may be different, or the mode of the reflection coefficients of the first transmission unit 11 and the second transmission unit 12 and the reflection phase may be different.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 11, the first transmission unit 21 and the second transmission unit 22 are formed of the same single material, and a shape of a side of the first portion away from the second portion is different from a shape of a side of the second portion away from the first portion. Taking fig. 11 as an example, the single material may be a trapezoid material, in the first transmission unit 21, a lower bottom surface of the trapezoid material is an incident surface P21 of the electromagnetic wave, and an upper bottom surface of the trapezoid material is an emergent surface of the electromagnetic wave, in this case, a first portion of the first transmission unit 21 is a portion including the incident surface P21, and correspondingly, a second portion is another portion including the emergent surface. Correspondingly, in the second transmission unit 22, the upper bottom surface of the trapezoidal material is an electromagnetic wave incident surface P22, and the lower bottom surface is an electromagnetic wave emitting surface. By the transmission matrix theory, it can also be proved that the first transmission unit 21 and the second transmission unit 22 have the same transmission coefficient and different reflection coefficients. It is understood that the shape of the single material may be triangular, fan-shaped, etc., and the present embodiment is not limited to the specific shape of the single material.
In some embodiments, the single material may be a transparent material, so as to achieve the single-side imaging effect of the present embodiment in the light frequency range. Wherein the light-transmitting material comprises at least one of glass, resin, transparent crystal, liquid crystal, transparent liquid and gas. Further, the transparent material may be glass, resin, transparent crystal (e.g., crystal), liquid crystal, transparent liquid, or air. The transparent liquid can be water, sodium chloride solution, alcohol and other transparent non-metal liquid. When the light-transmitting material is made of glass, as shown in fig. 12, the first transmission unit is a trapezoidal first glass substrate 31, the second transmission unit is a trapezoidal second glass substrate 32, and after the trapezoidal first glass substrate 31 and the trapezoidal second glass substrate 32 are arranged in one plane in a disordered manner, glass capable of imaging on a single side can be prepared, so that the problem of glare caused by common glass is solved.
In some embodiments, the first portion and/or the second portion may be compositionally formed from at least two different materials such that the effective relative permittivity of the first portion is different from the effective relative permittivity of the second portion and/or the effective relative permeability of the first portion is different from the effective relative permeability of the second portion. The effective parameters of the composite material can be calculated by Maxwell-Garnett theory, Bruggeman theory and the like according to corresponding applicable conditions.
As shown in fig. 13, the first and second portions of the first transmission unit 41 are respectively formed by arranging a plurality of materials having different dielectric constants and/or magnetic permeabilities in a direction normal to the incident surface of the transmission structure, that is, the first transmission unit 41 is formed by arranging the material 1, the material n-1 of the material 2 …, and the material n, and correspondingly, the second transmission unit 42 is formed by arranging the material n, the material n-1 …, the material 2, and the material 1. Also, it can be confirmed by the transmission matrix theory that the first transmission unit 41 and the second transmission unit 42 have the same transmission coefficient and different reflection coefficients for the electromagnetic waves. In this embodiment, the effective relative permittivity and the effective relative permeability of the first portion and the second portion may be calculated by Maxwell-Garnett theory.
Further, the first and second portions of the first and second transmission units 41 and 42 are each formed of a light-transmitting material to achieve the effect of one-sided imaging in the light frequency band in the present embodiment. Further, the first portion and the second portion of the present embodiment are both configured as a film structure, so that an optical film with a single-sided imaging effect can be prepared. The optical film can be used as a screen film of mobile equipment such as a mobile phone, a flat panel and the like, and can also be used as an external film of a building curtain wall and an automobile windshield, so that visual fatigue or discomfort of human eyes caused by reflection of an unsuitable brightness light source in the surrounding environment is avoided, and optical pollution such as glare and the like can be reduced. There are many common transparent film materials, such as oxide films of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, etc.
In some embodiments, the first portion of the first transmission unit 51 includes a first base 511, the second portion includes a second base 512, a first insert is disposed on a surface or inside of the first base 511, and/or a second insert is disposed on a surface or inside of the second base 512. In the example shown in fig. 14, the first base 511 has no insert, and the second base has an insert 5121, and in this case, the insert 5121 may be provided at any position in the second portion, and the number of the inserts may be plural. Of course, the first insert may be disposed inside the first base 511, and the second insert may be disposed inside the second base 512, in which case, the shape and/or material of the first insert and the second insert are different, or the first portion of the first insert and the second insert are disposed at positions in the first base 511 and the second base 512 to form an asymmetric structure, so as to ensure that the effective dielectric constant and/or the effective magnetic permeability of the first portion of the first transmission unit 51 and the second portion of the first transmission unit 51 are different. In addition, since metal particles have been widely used in the nano-machining technology, the insert 5121 may be a metal insert such as a copper block, an iron block, a silver block, or the like, in addition to a dielectric insert.
Further, a side of the first portion away from the second portion is an incident side, a side of the second portion away from the first portion is an emission side, and a shape of the incident side and a shape of the emission side may be the same. Taking fig. 14 as an example, the first substrate 511 is a first portion, the second substrate 512 is a second portion, the first transmission unit 51 is a cube, the insert 5121 is a cylinder and extends inward from the exit surface of the transmission structure, and the second transmission unit 52 and the first transmission unit 51 are mirror-symmetric about a plane M parallel to the entrance surface of the transmission structure.
Further, the material of the first substrate 511 may be the same as that of the second substrate 512, so as to facilitate the preparation of the transmissive structure. Further, the material may be a light-transmitting material, so as to achieve the single-side imaging effect of the present embodiment in the light frequency band. Further, the light-transmitting material may be at least one of glass, resin, transparent crystal, liquid crystal, transparent liquid, and gas to reduce optical contamination such as glare. The transparent material may be water, sodium chloride solution, alcohol, crystal, transparent plastic or air, which are common materials in daily life.
A simulation of the effect of one-sided imaging will be performed below on a transmission structure composed of the first transmission unit 51 and the corresponding second transmission unit 52, the base materials of which are glass. Specifically, the lengths of the first transmission unit 51 in the x and z directions are both 160nm, the length in the y direction is 200nm, the insert 5121 is configured as a cylinder with a cross-sectional diameter of 100nm and a height of 50nm, one cylinder of the cylinder is disposed on the exit surface of the transmission structure 600, and the plane M is the interface between the first substrate 511 and the second substrate 512 and passes through the center of the first transmission unit 51. Since the second transmission unit 52 and the first transmission unit 51 are mirror-symmetric about the plane M, the structure thereof is the same as that of the first transmission unit 51, and thus, the description thereof is omitted.
Fig. 15(a) to (d) show a transmission phase curve, a reflection phase curve, a transmittance curve, and a reflectance curve of the first transmission cell 51 and the second transmission cell 52, respectively, in which the transflective case of the first transmission cell 51 is shown by a solid gray line and the second transmission cell 52 is shown by a broken gray line. Specifically, the ordinate of fig. 15(a) and fig. 15(b) represents the angles of the transmission phase and the reflection phase, respectively, and the abscissa represents the operating frequency, and it can be seen that the transmission phases of the first transmission unit 51 and the second transmission unit 52 are substantially the same at different frequencies, while the reflection phase shows a large difference at different frequencies, wherein the reflection phase difference between the two reaches 180 ° at the 434THz frequency; the ordinate of fig. 15(c) and fig. 15(d) represents the percentage of transmittance and reflectance, respectively, and the abscissa represents the operating frequency, and it can be seen that, in the case of the operating frequency of 434THz, the reflectance ratio of the second transmission cell 52 to the first transmission cell 51 is about 1.42, and the corresponding reflectance ratio of the mode is 1.2.
As shown in fig. 16, the plurality of first transmission units 51 and the plurality of second transmission units 52 are arranged in a random disordered manner in the x-y plane, so as to obtain the transmission structure 600. Fig. 17 and 18 show enlarged schematic views of portions P and P' of the transmissive structure 600, respectively.
Far-field radiation simulation was performed on the transmission structure 600 using the electromagnetic simulation software CST, wherein the frequency of the incident light ray is 434THz, the reflection phase difference between the first transmission unit 51 and the second transmission unit 52 under the frequency light ray is 180 ° (i.e., pi), and the incident plane of the transmission structure 600 is parallel to the x-y plane.
First, as a comparison, the uniform transmission structure 600' constituted only by the first transmission unit 51 is laid flat in the x-y plane, and light is normally incident in the z direction, resulting in fig. 19. The light rays can be seen to have larger energy concentration areas on the transmission side and the reflection side, namely, the light rays can be imaged on the transmission side and the reflection side; next, the transmission structure 600 is laid flat in the x-y plane, and light is normally incident to the transmission structure 600 along the z direction, so as to obtain fig. 20(a), it can be seen that the transmission light can still be imaged on the transmission side, and form a disordered reflection on the reflection side, and the maximum value of the reflection energy of the light is reduced to 1.8% of the maximum value of the reflection energy of the uniform transmission structure 600' to the light in fig. 18, so that it can be seen that the energy of the reflection light is dispersed to the periphery on the reflection side of the transmission structure 600, and thus a single-side imaging effect is achieved in which the reflection light cannot be imaged and only the transmission light can be imaged; then, the light is incident on the transmission structure 600 at an incident angle of 30 ° to obtain fig. 20(b), it can be seen that the transmitted light can be imaged on the transmission side as well, and the reflected light on the reflection side forms a disordered energy distribution toward the periphery, and the maximum value of the reflected energy of the light is reduced to 2.4% of the maximum value of the reflected energy of the uniform transmission structure 600' of fig. 18 to the light, thereby forming a single-side imaging; then, the simulation was performed by inputting the light ray with the incident angle of 45 ° to the transmission structure 600, and fig. 20(c) was obtained, and it can be seen that the transmitted light ray can be imaged on the transmission side as well, and the reflected light ray forms a disordered energy distribution toward the periphery on the reflection side, and the maximum value of the reflected energy of the light ray is reduced to 11.3% of the maximum value of the reflected energy of the uniform glass to the light ray in fig. 18, thereby forming the single-side imaging. Therefore, the transmission structure 600 has a single-side imaging effect at least when the incident angle is 0-45 degrees, and simultaneously proves that the single-side imaging of the transmission structure 600 has a wide-angle characteristic, and further, it can be inferred that the single-side imaging effect can be still realized at least in a partial region of the transmission structure 600 when the transmission structure 600 is randomly arranged along a curved surface.
Further, a frequency (400THz to 450THz) with a phase difference close to 180 ° may be selected as the operating frequency of the transmission structure 600, that is, the single-side imaging effect of the transmission structure 600 also has a broadband characteristic. As shown in fig. 21(a) - (c), the inventors performed simulations with light rays of frequencies 404THz, 419THz and 449THz incident on the transmissive structure 600 along the z direction, respectively, and it can be seen that the incident light rays in fig. 21(a) - (c) are transmitted and can be imaged on the transmissive side, and the reflected light rays on the reflective side form a disordered energy distribution toward the periphery, and compared with the uniform transmissive structure 600 'in fig. 19, the maximum reflected energy of the light rays of the transmissive structure 600 at the above frequencies is respectively reduced to 8.5% (corresponding to the frequency 404THz), 1.5% (corresponding to the frequency 419THz) and 3.0% (corresponding to the frequency 449THz) of the maximum reflected energy of the light rays by the uniform transmissive structure 600'.
The transmission structure 600 can enable incident light to form an image on the transmission side and not to form an image on the reflection side within a wide-frequency wide-angle range, thereby effectively eliminating optical pollution such as glare caused by common glass, simultaneously not influencing information acquisition of human eyes, and greatly facilitating life of people.
The present application also provides a film comprising a transmissive structure as described above.
The film can be attached to screens of electronic equipment such as mobile phones and flat panels, and also can be attached to windshields of automobiles, so that people can avoid visual fatigue caused by the reflection of unsuitable brightness light sources in the surrounding environment, and can acquire light information penetrating through the film.
The present application also provides an electronic device comprising a display device and a film as described above provided on a surface of the display device.
According to the electronic equipment, the film which is not imaged in a transmission imaging reflection mode is pasted on the surface of the display device, so that the display information of the electronic equipment can be obtained, and the visual fatigue of human eyes caused by the reflection imaging of the surrounding environment on the surface of the display device is avoided.
The present application also provides a resin sheet comprising a transmissive structure as described hereinbefore.
The resin sheet can be used for preparing the resin lens, so that when light enters the resin lens, reflected light is subjected to diffuse reflection on an incident surface and only transmitted light is subjected to imaging, and the imaging quality of the resin lens is improved.
The present application also provides a glass comprising a transmissive structure as described hereinbefore.
The glass can be used for preparing building glass or automobile windshield glass, so that reflected light is subjected to diffuse reflection on an incident surface when the light is incident on the surface of the glass, and only transmitted light can be imaged, thereby solving the problem of glare caused by common glass; the glass can also be used for preparing glass lenses, so that reflected light imaging of the glass lenses is avoided, and the imaging quality of the glass lenses is improved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (25)
1. A transmissive structure, comprising:
a plurality of first transmission units; and the number of the first and second groups,
a plurality of second transmission units in which a transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave is the same as or close to a transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave in the first transmission unit, and a reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave in the second transmission unit is different from a reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave in the first transmission unit;
the plurality of first transmission units and the plurality of second transmission units are arranged in a disordered manner in one surface.
2. The transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit
And a transmission phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission meansSatisfy the requirement of
3. The transmission structure according to claim 1, wherein a reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unitAnd a reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit
Satisfy the requirement of
4. The transmission structure according to claim 3, wherein a modulus r of a reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave of the second transmission unit2And a modulus r of a reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave of the first transmission unit1Satisfy r of 0.25 ≤2/r1≤4。
5. A transmissive structure according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the effective relative permittivity of the first transmissive element has a value equal to the effective relative permeability of the second transmissive element, and the effective relative permeability of the first transmissive element has a value equal to the effective relative permittivity of the second transmissive element.
6. The transmissive structure according to claim 5, wherein the first transmissive unit is provided as an array of metal rods and an array of metal split rings having a first arrangement, and the second transmissive unit is provided as an array of metal rods and an array of metal split rings having a second arrangement, the first arrangement and the second arrangement being different.
7. The transmission structure according to claim 5, wherein the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit have an array of metal rods and an array of metal split rings in the same arrangement, wherein the metal rods in the first transmission unit are different in size from the metal rods in the second transmission unit, and/or the metal split rings in the first transmission unit are different in size from the metal split rings in the second transmission unit.
8. The transmission structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the first transmission unit comprises a first part and a second part which are sequentially arranged along the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure, wherein the first part and the second part have different effective relative dielectric constants and/or different effective relative magnetic conductivities;
the second transmission unit comprises a second part and a first part which are sequentially arranged along the normal direction of the incident surface of the transmission structure, and the second transmission unit and the first transmission unit are symmetrical about a mirror surface parallel to the incident surface of the transmission structure.
9. The transmissive structure of claim 8 wherein the first and second portions are each formed from a different single material.
10. The structure of claim 8, wherein the first portion and the second portion are formed of a same single material, and wherein a shape of a side of the first portion remote from the second portion is different from a shape of a side of the second portion remote from the first portion.
11. A transmissive structure as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the single material comprises a light transmissive material.
12. The transmissive structure of claim 11 wherein the light transmissive material comprises at least one of glass, resin, transparent crystal, liquid crystal, transparent liquid, and gas.
13. The transmissive structure of claim 8 wherein the first portion and/or the second portion is compositely formed from at least two different materials.
14. A transmissive structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein the first and/or second portions are formed by at least two different materials aligned in a direction normal to the entrance face of the transmissive structure.
15. A transmissive structure as claimed in claim 14, wherein the first and second portions are both provided as film layer structures.
16. The transmissive structure of claim 14 or 15 wherein the first and second portions are each formed from a light transmissive material.
17. A transmissive structure according to claim 13, wherein the first part comprises a first substrate and the second part comprises a second substrate, the first substrate being provided with a first slug on or in a surface thereof and/or the second substrate being provided with a second slug on or in a surface thereof.
18. The structure of claim 17, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are made of the same material.
19. The transmissive structure of claim 18 wherein said material comprises a light transmissive material.
20. The transmissive structure of claim 19 wherein the light transmissive material comprises at least one of glass, resin, transparent crystal, liquid crystal, transparent liquid, and gas.
21. The transmissive structure of any of claims 17-20, wherein the first slug comprises a metal slug or a dielectric slug and the second slug comprises a metal slug or a dielectric slug.
22. A film comprising a transmissive structure according to any of claims 1-21.
23. An electronic device comprising a display device and the film according to claim 22 provided over a surface of the display device.
24. A resin sheet comprising the transmissive structure according to any one of claims 1 to 21.
25. A glass comprising a transmissive structure according to any of claims 1-21.
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