CN110854420A - Microbial fuel cell with straw and sludge as matrix, construction method thereof and sludge treatment method - Google Patents
Microbial fuel cell with straw and sludge as matrix, construction method thereof and sludge treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell taking straws and sludge as substrates, a construction method and a sludge treatment method, and belongs to the field of environmental engineering. The device comprises a filter wetland, an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a proton exchange membrane and a circuit system, wherein the anode chamber and the cathode chamber are isolated by the proton exchange membrane, current generated by proton exchange is stored by the circuit system, effluent purified by the microbial fuel cell is discharged under the action of the filter wetland, the substrate of the anode chamber is a mixture of straw and sludge through stirring, and the substrate of the cathode chamber is sludge. The novel microbial fuel cell is integrated by considering the chemical characteristics of the straws and the sludge and combining the action characteristics of the microbial fuel cell, so that organic matters in the sludge are removed, the water content of the sludge is reduced, the power generation efficiency of the microbial fuel cell is improved, an environment-friendly building is realized, and the novel microbial fuel cell has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design and convenience in desilting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering construction, and particularly relates to a microbial fuel cell taking straws and sludge as matrixes, a construction method of the microbial fuel cell and a sludge treatment method.
Background
According to the 'urban black and odorous water body treatment attack and defense war implementation scheme' jointly issued by the housing, urban and rural construction department and the ecological environment department, the black and odorous water body elimination proportion of other ground-level urban construction areas is remarkably improved by 2019, and reaches more than 90% by 2020. A large amount of sludge is generated in the treatment and dredging engineering of the black and odorous water body, and becomes one of the pain points of the water environment treatment project. The sludge is a byproduct of a municipal drainage system, and is mainly derived from the municipal drainage system, including drainage pipelines, pump stations and sludge of sewage treatment plants, wherein the sewage treatment plants are the most main source of municipal sludge.
The characteristics of the desilting sludge and the sludge of the sewage treatment plant are high organic matter content (60-80%), fine particles (0.02-0.2mm) and small density (1.002-1.006 g/cm)3) And the water content is high. The sludge and the sludge contain rich nitrogen and phosphorus elements and organic substances, and the common disposal methods at present are land utilization, building material utilization, incineration and sanitary landfill. However, these methods not only result in waste of energy, but also result in loss of resources in the sludge and sludge.
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are components that convert chemical energy (fuel) into electrical energy by catalytic reactions of microorganisms. A typical microbial fuel cell is comprised of an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane, where microbes decompose and oxidize fuel at the anode, producing electrons and protons, the electrons reaching the cathode via an external circuit, and the protons passing through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, where they are consumed and combine with oxygen to produce water. Therefore, the microbial fuel cell is an important means for realizing reduction, harmlessness and recycling of the sludge and the silt.
The Chinese patent application No. ZL201610375937.6, the application publication date of 2016, 5 and 31 discloses a method for preparing a microbial fuel cell electrode material by utilizing rape straws, and the method is a method for preparing the microbial fuel cell electrode material by utilizing the rape straws. Although the preparation cost is low, the gap between the carbon rod and the electricity transmission performance of the traditional carbon rod still exists. Chinese patent application No. 201410375536.1, application publication date 2014 8/1, discloses a method for producing methane by using excess sludge synchronously by using electricity generated by a microbial fuel cell, which mainly comprises two parts of sludge anaerobic digestion and microbial electricity generation, and the operation method comprises the steps of concentrating the excess sludge, then adding the concentrated excess sludge into an anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell, so that the electricity generation and the methane generation of the sludge can be synchronously realized, the electricity generation output voltage of the sludge is improved by 0.02-0.10V compared with the electricity generation output voltage only, the electricity generation power is improved by 10-20%, the methane generation is not influenced, even can be improved by 5-10%, and the organic matters remained in the treated sludge can be reduced by 20-30% compared with the conventional anaerobic digestion, thereby being beneficial to improving the sludge recycling and reducing the methane quantity. However, the prior art does not achieve sludge reduction. In view of the above, there is a need for a technology to improve the resource utilization rate while achieving the power generation efficiency of the microbial fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problem of poor sludge treatment effect in the prior art, the invention provides a microbial fuel cell which comprises an anode chamber taking a mixture of straws and sludge as a matrix, a cathode chamber taking the sludge as the matrix and a proton exchange membrane.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a construction method of the microbial fuel cell, which determines the size of the cell body through the sludge amount to be treated and adds the matrix for treatment.
Further, the invention also provides a sludge treatment method, wherein the mixture of sludge and straws is loaded into the anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell, and the sludge is loaded into the cathode chamber of the microbial fuel cell to carry out power generation treatment. The invention not only solves the difficult problems of difficult sludge disposal and the like, but also realizes the resource utilization of pollutants and the reduction of solid waste.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a microbial fuel cell taking straws and sludge as matrixes, which comprises an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a proton exchange membrane and a circuit system, wherein the anode chamber is connected with the cathode chamber; the substrate of the anode chamber is a mixture of straw and sludge for stirring and is used for providing a receptor for transferring electrons by bacteria; the substrate of the cathode chamber is sludge and is used for receiving electrons and forming current through an external circuit; the proton exchange membrane is arranged between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber and is used for separating the anode chamber from the cathode chamber; one end of the circuit system is connected with the anode chamber, and the other end of the circuit system is connected with the cathode chamber and used for storing electric energy generated by proton exchange.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the anode chamber to the cathode chamber is 2-5: 1.
Preferably, the height-to-width ratio of the anode chamber to the cathode chamber is 2-8: 1, and the heights of the anode chamber and the cathode chamber are equal.
Preferably, the device further comprises a filtering unit, wherein a water outlet channel is arranged on one side of the cathode chamber far away from the anode chamber, and the filtering unit is communicated with the cathode chamber through the water outlet channel.
Preferably, the content of the straws in the anode chamber is 10-30%.
Preferably, the straws used in the anode chamber are strip-shaped hollow plant straws, and the average length of the straws is 10-40 cm.
Preferably, the water content of the sludge used in the anode and cathode chambers is between 60% and 98%.
The invention also provides a construction method of the microbial fuel cell, which uses the microbial fuel cell, and comprises the following steps of constructing an anode chamber and a cathode chamber with corresponding volumes according to the volume ratio of the anode chamber to the cathode chamber of 2-5: 1, and paving waterproof cushion layers on the inner walls of the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; after the laying is finished, arranging a proton exchange membrane between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, and placing electrodes at the centers of the bottom layers of the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; adding matrix into the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, and connecting one end of the circuit system with the anode chamber and the other end with the cathode chamber.
Preferably, the length of the anode and the cathode arranged in S400 accounts for 90-99% of the height of the anode chamber.
The invention also provides a sludge treatment method, which comprises the steps of filling the mixture of sludge and straws into the anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell, and filling the sludge into the cathode chamber of the microbial fuel cell for power generation treatment.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a microbial fuel cell taking straws and sludge as matrixes, which comprises an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a proton exchange membrane and a circuit system, wherein the anode chamber is connected with the cathode chamber; the substrate of the anode chamber is a mixture of straw and sludge which is stirred and can provide a receptor for the transfer of electrons by bacteria; the substrate of the cathode chamber is sludge which can receive electrons and form current through an external circuit; the proton exchange membrane is arranged between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber and used for separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. The invention mixes the straw and the sludge, not only provides sugar for the electrogenesis microorganisms, but also improves the dissolved oxygen content in the anode chamber due to the hollow structure of the straw, thereby improving the activity of the electrogenesis microorganisms and improving the electrogenesis efficiency. Moreover, the water content in the sludge can reach the reduction requirement, the straw and the sludge can form a structure similar to reinforced concrete, the physical stability is good, the sludge is easy to transport, carry and treat, and the sludge treatment efficiency is improved.
(2) The invention also provides a construction method of the microbial fuel cell, which is characterized in that the size of the microbial fuel cell is calculated, after the treatment is finished, the treated sludge can be lifted and transported for storage, and the effluent of the cell is discharged after reaching the standard. On the basis of the traditional microbial fuel cell, biomass energy in the sludge is converted into electric energy by using different matrixes according to the action principle of an anode and a cathode, so that the resource utilization and reduction of the sludge are realized, and the later treatment of the sludge is facilitated. The disposal capacity of landfill and the like is obviously reduced, the treatment capacity of a landfill site is obviously improved, and the sludge pollution load is reduced; the incineration energy consumption is also greatly reduced; the cost of building materials and bricks is obviously reduced, and the intensity of bricks made by using the treated sludge is higher.
(3) The invention also provides a sludge treatment method, which integrates two wastes with larger volume, namely straw and sludge, effectively releases biomass energy of the wastes, stores energy and realizes the cyclic utilization of resources. The invention has small floor area, solves the problem that the urban desilting sludge does not exist, has high strength, is convenient to transport in cities and avoids the problem of dust flying. The reduction level can be visually judged according to a ruler beside the proton exchange membrane, and the monitoring is convenient and quick.
(4) During the operation of sewage treatment plants and the dredging process of river channels, a large amount of anaerobic sludge containing heavy metals is generated. The redox reaction in the invention can reduce the activity of outer layer electrons, effectively passivate heavy metal ions and reduce the harm of the heavy metal ions. In addition, the content of refractory organics in the sludge can be effectively reduced by utilizing anaerobic environment and redox reaction, and the harmless treatment of the sludge is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microbial fuel cell based on straw and sludge according to the present invention.
In the figure: 100. wetland in a filter tank; 200. an anode chamber; 210. a cushion layer; 300. a cathode chamber; 400. a proton exchange membrane; 500. circuitry; 510. an electrical appliance; 600. a sludge outlet; 700. a carbon rod electrode; 800. a water outlet of the filter tank; 900. and (4) a water outlet channel.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The microbial fuel cell taking straw and sludge as matrixes of the invention is shown in figure 2 and comprises an anode chamber200. Cathode compartment 300, proton exchange membrane 400, and circuitry 500. The substrate of the anode chamber 200 is a mixture of straw and sludge in a stirring manner, the mixing mass ratio is 0.5-2: 1, and the mixture is used for providing a receptor for transferring electrons by bacteria. The substrate of the cathode chamber 300 is a sludge for receiving electrons and forming an electric current through an external circuit. The straw used in the anode chamber 200 is strip-shaped hollow plant straw, and the water content of the sludge used in the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300 is 60-98%. The invention does not need to control the temperature, the pH value and the water content, the straw and the sludge have a mass ratio relationship, and the straw and the sludge are stirred uniformly. It is worth to be noted that the volume ratio of the anode chamber 200 to the cathode chamber 300 is 2-5: 1, the anode chamber and the cathode chamber are both rectangular solids, the height-to-width ratio is 2-8: 1, and the heights of the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300 are equal. The proton exchange membrane 400 is disposed between the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300 to block the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300. It should be noted that pem 400 is a cation-anion separator commonly used in microbial fuel cells, and generally refers to a membrane capable of ion exchange. Other types of RO membranes may also be used in the present invention, such as nylon membranes and poly acetate membranes, if proton exchange conditions can be met. The circuit system 500 is connected to the anode chamber 200 at one end and the cathode chamber 300 at the other end for storing the electrical energy generated by proton exchange. The anode and cathode of the circuit system 500 are carbon rod electrodes 700, the current transmission line is copper wire, and the electrical appliance 510 is used as a resistor. And (3) anode reaction: c6H12O6+6H2O＝6CO2+24H++24e-And (3) cathode reaction: 6O2+24H++24e-＝12H2And O. The anode reaction has the functions of dewatering, consuming organic matter, solidifying heavy metal, etc. and the cathode chemically converts water.
Further, the strip-shaped hollow plant straw used in the anode chamber 200 refers to plant straw with a strip-shaped plant trunk, such as wheat, rice, corn, and the like. Requirements for the straw used: (1) the average length of the straws is set to be 100-400 mm, the content of wood fiber is more than 40%, the specific strength is more than 0.001 N.m/kg, the strength of the sludge after treatment is ensured, and the straws are not easy to break; (2) the cellulose and hemicellulose content reaches 65 percent, and the method is used for the activity of the sweet microorganisms of the main electrogenic bacteria at the early stage of culture. When the microbial fuel cell is operated to the later stage, the sludge in the anode chamber 200 is taken out, and certain toughness is required, otherwise the sludge is easy to damage, so that the strip-shaped straws and the sludge form a structure similar to reinforced concrete, the physical stability is good, and the transportation and the carrying are easy. In the invention, the straw is not required to be pretreated. The sludge used in the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300 in the invention is sludge in a sewage treatment plant and black and odorous water sludge, and the strains are abundant. The straw contains a large amount of easily-decomposed carbohydrate organic matters, one end of part of the straw is exposed in the air, the hollow straw of the strip-shaped straw is similar to a ventilating pipeline, the air flows to realize the inside of sludge, holes appear, the ventilation is smooth, the dissolved oxygen content of the anode chamber 200 can be improved, the sweet-philic microorganisms are easy to culture, the activity of the microorganisms is improved, and the richness of the microorganisms is guaranteed. The sweet microbe is used as microbe for decomposing organic matter, and is the main power of electricity generating microbe to raise electricity generating efficiency.
In addition, the problem of low water transparency easily occurs in the operation process of the microbial fuel cell, the invention can also be provided with a filtering unit, a water outlet channel 900 is arranged on one side of the cathode chamber 300 far away from the anode chamber 200, and the filtering unit is communicated with the cathode chamber 300 through the water outlet channel 900. The filtering unit is provided with a filter tank water outlet 800, and the treated tail water is discharged through the filter tank water outlet 800. The filtering unit can be set as the filter wetland 100, the difference between the water outlet channel 900 and the horizontal plane of the cathode chamber 300 is 5-15 cm, gravity can be guaranteed to flow into the filter wetland 100, and energy consumption is reduced. Other water treatment facilities may also be used to treat the tail water.
The invention also comprises a construction method of the microbial fuel cell, which comprises the following steps,
s100, under the condition that the water content, the straw length and the pressure intensity of the treated sludge are determined, the straw content is determined, and the calculation formula is as follows:
153.1e-0.1355w/1000＝4.5-0.7X1+0.04X2+1.9X3
wherein w represents the sludge water content;
X1representing the content of the straw;
X2representing the length of the straw;
X3representing a pressure intensity;
thereby obtaining the total mass; after the sludge and the straws are uniformly mixed, measuring the density of a mixture of the sludge and the straws, and obtaining the size of the anode chamber 200 according to the density of the mixture;
s200, according to the main microbial reaction of the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300, the anode needs organic matters and water, the cathode needs oxygen, and meanwhile, the aim of optimizing the electricity generation efficiency is achieved by reducing main pollutants in consideration of maximizing the sludge treatment amount, so that the volume of the anode chamber 200 is set to be larger than that of the cathode chamber 300, the volume ratio is set to be 2-5: 1, the size of the cathode chamber 300 is determined, and the height of the anode chamber 200 and the height of the cathode chamber 300 are ensured to be equal;
s300, after calculating the size of the microbial fuel cell, digging a pool body with a corresponding size by using a machine, and paving a cushion layer 210, wherein the cushion layer 210 can be made of geotextile or other waterproof cushion layer materials;
s400, after the cushion layer 210 is laid, arranging the proton exchange membrane 400 according to the sizes of the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300, and arranging a ruler on one side of the proton exchange membrane, wherein the ruler is mainly used for observing the reduction condition of the sludge. Anodes are arranged at the centers of the bottom layers of the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300, and the length of the anodes and the cathode is required to occupy 90 to 99 percent of the height of the anode chamber 200;
s500, adding a substrate into the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300, wherein the substrate in the anode chamber 200 is a mixture of straw and sludge, the substrate in the cathode chamber 300 is sludge, the circuit system 500 is installed, and electric energy generated by the microbial fuel cell can be used or stored by the electric appliance 510;
s600, calculating the volume of the pretreated sludge according to the water content of the original sludge and the water content achieved by the pretreatment, wherein the calculation formula is as follows,
V1/V2＝Ps1/Ps2＝(1-Pw2)/(1-Pw1)
wherein, V1Denotes the volume of the raw sludge, m3；
V2Denotes the volume of the pretreated sludge, m3；
Ps1Represents the solid content,%, of the original sludge;
Ps2represents the solid content,%, of the pretreated sludge;
Pw1represents the water content,%, of the original sludge;
Pw2represents the water content,%, of the pretreated sludge;
calculating the height after change according to the volume change of the sludge under the condition that the area of the bottom surface is not changed;
s700, after the treatment is finished, hoisting the treated sludge in the anode chamber 200 by using an electric hoist, and transporting and storing the sludge;
and S800, introducing effluent of the microbial fuel cell into a filtering unit for treatment, and discharging after the treatment meets the requirements of national surface water quality standards (GB3838-2002) in the region.
When the water content of the sludge reaches 60%, the purpose of finishing the treatment is achieved, the length of the used straw is determined to be 100mm, no other pressure exists at the upper part, and the atmospheric pressure is measured to be 0.1MPa, so that the content of the straw is 12.41%. Since the mechanical properties of the sludge are improved by using the sludge and the straw as a whole, the sludge with better toughness and stronger structural strength can be lifted by using the electric hoist after being treated by the anode chamber 200 and transported and stored. Since the carbon dioxide and methane gas in the cathode chamber 300 are reduced, the electricity production of the microbial fuel cell is reduced, namely the nutrient substances in the cathode chamber 300 are less, and at the moment, the sludge in the cathode chamber 300 still has a larger water content, so the sludge is discharged from the sludge outlet 600 of the cathode chamber 300 and is lifted to the ground by a sludge pump for other effective disposal. Compared with the common microbial fuel cell, the power generation amount of the invention can be improved by 40-60%.
In addition, the present invention relates to a method for treating sludge, that is, a mixture of sludge and straw may be charged into the anode chamber 200 of the microbial fuel cell and the sludge may be charged into the cathode chamber 300 of the microbial fuel cell to perform power generation treatment.
In practical applications, for example, in the project of urban black and odorous river remediation, about 100t of sludge is generated and needs to be disposed of (the density is approximately 1 t/m)3) The water content of the sludge is 90%, and the regional water environment quality standard needs to reach the IV-class water standard in the national surface water quality standard (GB 3838-2002). In addition, the depth of the regional underground water reaches 6m, so the project prevents the seepage of the underground water, and the height of the microbial fuel cell is set to be 5 m.
The microbial fuel cell was dimensioned at 20m3As a unit sludge disposal apparatus, 5 groups were divided.
The main parameter proportion is as follows: the aspect ratio is 5:1, and the ratio of the volume of the anode chamber 200 to the volume of the cathode chamber 300 is 2: 1.
This gives a width of 1m and a height of 5 m. The anode chamber 200 was 2.66m long and the cathode chamber 300 was 1.33m long.
Because the engineering is smaller, a proper place is found at the position close to the bank slope, and the original structure is manufactured by adopting a manual excavation mode. And the geotextile is laid to prevent rainwater from entering and prevent sludge and sewage from polluting the external environment.
The substrate treatment of the anode chamber 200 of the microbial fuel cell needs the sludge and the straws to be mixed at the mixing ratio of 12.41 percent (the length-height ratio is 0.532, the mass ratio is low), small holes are formed in the sludge, the ventilation is smooth, and the anaerobic environment of the sludge is improved. The straw is an important material for biochemical reaction in the anode chamber 200, meanwhile, the water content of the anode sludge of the microbial fuel cell is reduced in the later period, the combination of the sludge and the straw is similar to the structure of reinforced concrete, the physical and mechanical properties of the material are improved, and the soil block is convenient to lift and transport.
The ventilation effect in the sludge is improved by the pore structure of the straw to bring oxygen, and the sugar in the straw provides raw materials for the microbial biochemical reaction in the anode chamber 200. Due to the change in the environmental properties of the anode compartment 200, the activity of the sweet-tasting microorganisms (r. ferrireducens) that are the main active microorganisms in the biochemical reactor of the anode compartment 200 of the microbial fuel cell is increased.
The graphite carbon rod electrode 700 is placed at the center of the bottom layer of the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300, and the length of the anode and the cathode is nine tenths of the height of the anode chamber 200.
The embodiment also comprises a microbial fuel cell taking straw and sludge as substrates, which comprises a filter wetland 100, an anode chamber 200, a cathode chamber 300, a proton exchange membrane 400 and a circuit system 500. The anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300 are separated by a proton exchange membrane 400, and protons generated in the anode chamber 200 react with gases such as carbon dioxide and methane generated in the anaerobic environment in the cathode chamber 300 to form H2And O. After the effluent purified by the microbial fuel cell is acted by the filter wetland 100, the main indexes are that the permanganate index is 8mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 1.5mg/L, and the total phosphorus is 0.3 mg/L. After being deeply treated by a filter wetland 100 with the difference of the horizontal planes of 10cm, the wastewater completely reaches the requirements of national surface water quality standard (GB3838-2002) in the region, and reaches the IV-class water standard discharge in the national surface water quality standard (GB 3838-2002).
After 5 days, the sludge in the anode chamber 200 decreased from 5m to 1.25m (visual reaction in the ruler), and the water content of the sludge was 60%. And after the treatment requirement is met, the electric hoist is used for hoisting, loading and transporting.
The current and voltage generated by the novel improved microbial fuel cell reaches 2.4 +/-1V, and the resource utilization of sludge biomass energy is realized in a power storage mode, and the electricity generation efficiency is equivalent to that of the microbial fuel cell with an anode and a cathode which are all 1.5 times of that of a sludge matrix.
And when the water content of the sludge reaches 60%, the purpose of finishing treatment is achieved. The electric hoist is used for hoisting the treated sludge with better toughness and stronger strength (the mechanical property of the sludge is improved by taking the sludge and the straws as a whole), the sludge is transported to a specified place for deep processing, and the original pot holes can continue to treat the sludge generated later or directly backfill earthwork for planting and greening.
Example 2
The basic content of this embodiment is different from that of embodiment 1 in the adjustment of the actual application parameters. For example, in a project for treating black and odorous river in a certain city, about 100t of sludge is generated and needs to be disposed (dense)Degree of approximately 1t/m3) The water content of the sludge is 90%, and the regional water environment quality standard needs to reach the IV-class water standard in the national surface water quality standard (GB 3838-2002). In addition, the depth of the underground water in the region reaches 3m (the underground water level is low), so the microbial fuel cell is set to be 2m in height when the engineering prevents the seepage of the underground water.
The microbial fuel cell was dimensioned at 20m3As a unit sludge disposal apparatus, 5 groups were divided.
The main parameter proportion is as follows: the aspect ratio is 2:1, and the ratio of the volume of the anode chamber 200 to the volume of the cathode chamber 300 is 5: 1.
This gives an anode cell 200 of 16.67m for a single treatment unit3The cathode chamber 300 is 3.33m3. The width was 1m and the height was 2 m. The anode chamber 200 was 8.33m long and the cathode chamber 300 was 1.67m long.
Because the engineering is smaller, a proper place is found at the position close to the bank slope, and the original structure is manufactured by adopting a manual excavation mode. And the geotextile is laid to prevent rainwater from entering and prevent sludge and sewage from polluting the external environment.
The matrix treatment of the anode chamber 200 of the microbial fuel cell needs to meet the requirements that the sludge content of a treatment target is 60%, the average length of straws is 400mm, the pressure intensity is 0.1Mpa, and the sludge contains 29.56% of straws. Stirring and mixing are carried out according to the proportion (because the length-height ratio is 4.165, the anode chamber 200 is flat, in order to prevent hardened sludge from being cracked in the hoisting process, the sludge-straw mass ratio with small numerical value is adopted), small holes are formed in the sludge, ventilation is smooth, and the sludge anaerobic environment is improved. The straw is an important material for biochemical reaction in the anode chamber 200, meanwhile, the water content of the anode sludge of the microbial fuel cell is reduced in the later period, the combination of the sludge and the straw is similar to the structure of reinforced concrete, the physical and mechanical properties of the material are improved, and the soil block is convenient to lift and transport.
The ventilation effect in the sludge is improved by the pore structure of the straw to bring oxygen, and the sugar in the straw provides raw materials for the microbial biochemical reaction in the anode chamber 200. Due to the change in the environmental properties of the anode compartment 200, the activity of the sweet-tasting microorganisms (r. ferrireducens) that are the main active microorganisms in the biochemical reactor of the anode compartment 200 of the microbial fuel cell is increased.
The graphite carbon rod electrode 700 is placed at the center of the bottom layer of the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300, and the length of the anode and the cathode is nine tenths of the height of the anode chamber 200.
The embodiment also comprises a microbial fuel cell taking straw and sludge as substrates, which comprises a filter wetland 100, an anode chamber 200, a cathode chamber 300, a proton exchange membrane 400 and a circuit system 500. The anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300 are separated by a proton exchange membrane 400, and protons generated in the anode chamber 200 react with gases such as carbon dioxide and methane generated in the anaerobic environment in the cathode chamber 300 to form H2And O. After effluent of the cathode chamber 300 purified by the microbial fuel cell is acted by the filter wetland 100, the main indexes are 5mg/L of permanganate index, 1.0mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and 0.5mg/L of total phosphorus. After the effluent of the cathode chamber 300 is deeply treated by the filter wetland 100 with the difference of the horizontal planes of 10cm, the effluent completely meets the requirements of national surface water quality standard (GB3838-2002) in the region, and reaches the IV-class water standard discharge in the national surface water quality standard (GB 3838-2002).
After 5 days, the sludge in the anode chamber 200 is reduced from the original 2m to 0.5m (the sludge is visually reacted in the ruler), and the water content of the sludge is 60%. And after the treatment requirement is met, the electric hoist is used for hoisting, loading and transporting.
The current and voltage generated by the novel improved microbial fuel cell reaches 3.0 +/-1V, and the sludge biomass energy is recycled in a power storage mode, and the electricity generation efficiency is equivalent to that of the microbial fuel cell with the sludge substrate having the anode and the cathode which are 2 times that of the microbial fuel cell with the sludge substrate.
And when the water content of the sludge reaches 60%, the purpose of finishing treatment is achieved. The electric hoist is used for hoisting the treated sludge with good toughness and strong strength (the mechanical property of the sludge is improved by taking the sludge and the straws as a whole), the sludge is transported to a specified place for deep processing, and the original pot holes can continue to treat the sludge generated later or directly backfill earthwork for planting and greening.
Example 3
Basic of the embodimentThe difference from embodiment 1 is the adjustment of the actual application parameters. For example, in a project for renovation of black and odorous river in a certain city, about 150 tons of sludge is generated and needs to be disposed urgently (the density is approximately 1 t/m)3) The water content of the silt is 90%, and the regional water environment quality standard needs to reach the IV-class water standard in the national surface water quality standard (GB 3838-2002). In addition, the depth of the regional underground water reaches 6m, so that the microbial fuel cell is set to be 5m in height for preventing the seepage of the underground water in the project.
The microbial fuel cell was dimensioned at 30m3As a unit sludge disposal apparatus, 5 groups were divided.
The main parameter proportion is as follows: the aspect ratio is 3:1, and the ratio of the volume of the anode chamber 200 to the volume of the cathode chamber 300 is 3: 1.
This gives 25.5m of anode chamber 200 for a single treatment unit3The cathode chamber 300 is 8.5m3. The width was 1.67m and the height was 5 m. The anode chamber 200 was 3.06m long and the cathode chamber 300 was 1.02m long.
Because the engineering is smaller, a proper place is found at the position close to the bank slope, and the original structure is manufactured by adopting a manual excavation mode. And the geotextile is laid to prevent rainwater from entering and prevent sludge and sewage from polluting the external environment.
And (3) matrix treatment of the anode chamber 200 of the microbial fuel cell, wherein the water content of the sludge treatment is 80%, the average length of the straws is 300mm, and the content of the straws is 23.84% by calculation. The sludge is stirred and mixed according to the mass ratio (the length-height ratio is 0.61 and is approximately equal to 1, so that the sludge and straw mass ratio is adopted), small holes are formed in the sludge, the ventilation is smooth, and the sludge anaerobic environment is improved. The straw is an important material for biochemical reaction in the anode chamber 200, meanwhile, the water content of anode sludge of the microbial fuel cell is reduced in the later period, the combination of the sludge and the straw is similar to the structure of reinforced concrete, the physical and mechanical properties of substances are improved, and the soil block is convenient to lift and transport.
The ventilation effect in the sludge is improved by the pore structure of the straw to bring oxygen, and the sugar in the straw provides raw materials for the microbial biochemical reaction in the anode chamber 200. Due to the change in the environmental properties of the anode compartment 200, the activity of the sweet-tasting microorganisms (r. ferrireducens) that are the main active microorganisms in the biochemical reactor of the anode compartment 200 of the microbial fuel cell is increased.
The graphite carbon rod electrode 700 is placed at the center of the bottom layer of the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300, and the length of the anode and the cathode is nine tenths of the height of the anode chamber 200.
The embodiment also comprises a microbial fuel cell taking straw and sludge as substrates, which comprises a filter wetland 100, an anode chamber 200, a cathode chamber 300, a proton exchange membrane 400 and a circuit system 500. The anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300 are separated by a proton exchange membrane, and protons generated in the anode chamber 200 react with gases such as carbon dioxide and methane generated in the anaerobic environment in the cathode chamber 300 to form H2And O. After effluent of a cathode chamber 300 purified by the microbial fuel cell is acted by a filter wetland 100, the main indexes are 7mg/L of permanganate index, 1.3mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and 0.6mg/L of total phosphorus. After the effluent of the cathode chamber 300 is deeply treated by the filter wetland 100 with the difference of 10cm in horizontal plane, the effluent completely meets the requirements of national surface water quality standard (GB3838-2002) in the region, and reaches the IV-class water standard discharge in the national surface water quality standard (GB 3838-2002).
After 5 days, the sludge in the anode chamber 200 decreased from 5m to 1.25m (visual reaction in the ruler), and the water content of the sludge was 80%. And after the treatment requirement is met, the electric hoist is used for hoisting, loading and transporting.
The current and voltage generated by the novel improved microbial fuel cell reaches 3.1 +/-1.1V, the resource utilization of sludge biomass energy is realized in a power storage mode, and the electricity generation efficiency is equivalent to that of the microbial fuel cell with the sludge substrate of which the anode and the cathode are all 1.8 times.
And when the water content of the sludge reaches 80%, the purpose of finishing treatment is achieved. The electric hoist is used for hoisting the treated sludge with good toughness and strong strength (the mechanical property of the sludge is improved by taking the sludge and the straws as a whole), the sludge is transported to a specified place for deep processing, and the original pot holes can continue to treat the sludge generated later or directly backfill earthwork for planting and greening.
Example 4
The basic content of this embodiment is different from that of embodiment 1 in the adjustment of the actual application parameters. For example, a municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge reduction project, in which approximately 300 tons of sludge are produced per week for disposal (density of approximately 1 ton/m)3) The water content of the sludge is 90%, and the regional water environment quality standard needs to reach the IV-class water standard in the national surface water quality standard (GB 3838-2002). In addition, the depth of the regional underground water reaches 6m, so that the microbial fuel cell is set to be 5m in height for preventing the seepage of the underground water in the project.
The microbial fuel cell was dimensioned at 100m3As a unit sludge disposal apparatus, 3 groups were divided.
The main parameter proportion is as follows: the aspect ratio is 3:1, and the ratio of the volume of the anode chamber 200 to the volume of the cathode chamber 300 is 3: 1.
This gives 75m of anode chamber 200 for a single treatment unit3Cathode chamber 300 is 25m3. The width was 1.67m and the height was 5 m. The anode chamber 200 is 9m long and the cathode chamber 300 is 3m long.
Because the engineering is smaller, a proper place is found at the position close to the bank slope, and the original structure is manufactured by adopting a manual excavation mode. And the geotextile is laid to prevent rainwater from entering and prevent sludge and sewage from polluting the external environment.
And (3) treating the substrate of the anode chamber 200 of the microbial fuel cell, wherein the water content target of sludge treatment is 70%, and the straw content is 23.84% by calculation. According to the proportion, the sludge and the straws are stirred and mixed in a mass proportion (due to the fact that the length-height ratio is 1.8 and the sludge treatment amount is too large, the mass ratio is adopted), small holes are formed in the sludge, ventilation is smooth, and the anaerobic environment of the sludge is improved. The straw is an important material for biochemical reaction in the anode chamber 200, meanwhile, the water content of the anode sludge of the microbial fuel cell is reduced in the later period, the combination of the sludge and the straw is similar to the structure of reinforced concrete, the physical and mechanical properties of the substances are improved, and the soil block is convenient to lift and transport.
The ventilation effect in the sludge is improved by the pore structure of the straw to bring oxygen, and the sugar in the straw provides raw materials for the microbial biochemical reaction in the anode chamber 200. Due to the change in the environmental properties of the anode compartment 200, the activity of the sweet-tasting microorganisms (r. ferrireducens) that are the main active microorganisms in the biochemical reactor of the anode compartment 200 of the microbial fuel cell is increased.
The graphite carbon rod electrode 700 is placed at the center of the bottom layer of the anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300, and the length of the anode and the cathode is nine tenths of the height of the anode chamber 200.
The embodiment also comprises a microbial fuel cell taking straw and sludge as substrates, which comprises a filter wetland 100, an anode chamber 200, a cathode chamber 300, a proton exchange membrane 400 and a circuit system 500. The anode chamber 200 and the cathode chamber 300 are separated by a proton exchange membrane 400, and protons generated in the anode chamber 200 react with gases such as carbon dioxide and methane generated in the anaerobic environment in the cathode chamber 300 to form H2And O. After effluent of a cathode chamber 300 purified by the microbial fuel cell is acted by a filter wetland 100, the main indexes are permanganate index of 8mg/L, ammonia nitrogen of 1.0mg/L and total phosphorus of 0.5 mg/L. After the effluent of the cathode chamber 300 is deeply treated by the filter wetland 100 with the difference of water levels of 10cm, the effluent completely meets the requirements of national surface water quality standard (GB3838-2002) in the region, and reaches the IV-class water standard discharge in the national surface water quality standard (GB 3838-2002).
After 5 days, the sludge in the anode chamber 200 is reduced to 1.25m from 5m (directly reacted in the ruler), and the water content of the sludge is 60%. And after the treatment requirement is met, the electric hoist is used for hoisting, loading and transporting.
The current and voltage generated by the novel improved microbial fuel cell reaches 3.8 +/-0.5V, the resource utilization of the sludge biomass energy is realized in a power storage mode, and the electricity generation efficiency is equivalent to that of the microbial fuel cell with the sludge substrate of which the anode and the cathode are all 1.1 times.
And when the water content of the sludge reaches 70%, the treatment is finished. The electric hoist is used for hoisting the treated sludge with good toughness and strong strength (the mechanical property of the sludge is improved by using the sludge and the straws as a whole), the sludge is transported to a specified place for deep processing, and the original pot hole can continuously treat the sludge generated later.
Claims (10)
1. A microbial fuel cell taking straw and sludge as substrates is characterized in that: comprises an anode chamber (200), a cathode chamber (300), a proton exchange membrane (400) and a circuit system (500);
the substrate of the anode chamber (200) is a stirring mixture of straws and sludge and is used for providing a receptor for transferring electrons by bacteria;
the substrate of the cathode chamber (300) is sludge and is used for receiving electrons and forming current through an external circuit;
the proton exchange membrane (400) is arranged between the anode chamber (200) and the cathode chamber (300) and is used for separating the anode chamber (200) and the cathode chamber (300);
one end of the circuit system (500) is connected with the anode chamber (200), and the other end is connected with the cathode chamber (300) and used for storing electric energy generated by proton exchange.
2. The straw and sludge based microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of the anode chamber (200) to the cathode chamber (300) is 2-5: 1.
3. The straw and sludge based microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the height-to-width ratio of the anode chamber (200) to the cathode chamber (300) is 2-8: 1, and the anode chamber (200) and the cathode chamber (300) are equal in height.
4. The straw and sludge based microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: still include the filter unit, one side that anode chamber (200) were kept away from in cathode chamber (300) is provided with outlet channel (900), the filter unit is linked together through outlet channel (900) and cathode chamber (300).
5. The straw and sludge based microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the straw content in the anode chamber (200) is 10-30%.
6. The straw and sludge based microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the straws used in the anode chamber (200) are strip-shaped hollow plant straws, and the average length of the straws is 10-40 cm.
7. The straw and sludge based microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the water content of sludge used in the anode chamber (200) and the cathode chamber (300) is 60-98%.
8. A method of constructing a microbial fuel cell using a straw and sludge based microbial fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the steps of the construction method are as follows,
constructing an anode chamber (200) and a cathode chamber (300) with corresponding volumes according to the volume ratio of 2-5: 1 of the anode chamber (200) to the cathode chamber (300), and paving waterproof cushions (210) on the inner walls of the anode chamber (200) and the cathode chamber (300);
after the laying is finished, arranging a proton exchange membrane (400) between the anode chamber (200) and the cathode chamber (300), and placing electrodes at the centers of the bottom layers of the anode chamber (200) and the cathode chamber (300);
a substrate is added to the anode chamber (200) and the cathode chamber (300), and one end of the circuit system (500) is connected with the anode chamber (200) and the other end is connected with the cathode chamber (300).
9. A method of constructing a microbial fuel cell according to claim 8, wherein: the length of the anode and the cathode arranged in the S400 accounts for 90-99% of the height of the anode chamber (200).
10. A method for treating sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of filling a mixture of sludge and straws into an anode chamber (200) of the microbial fuel cell of any one of claims 1 to 7, and filling the sludge into a cathode chamber (300) of the microbial fuel cell of any one of claims 1 to 7 to perform power generation treatment.
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