CN110853118B - Large scale geological mapping method for mineral exploration in shallow coverage area - Google Patents
Large scale geological mapping method for mineral exploration in shallow coverage area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 32
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
- G06T11/20—Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
- G06T11/206—Drawing of charts or graphs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
- G06T11/40—Filling a planar surface by adding surface attributes, e.g. colour or texture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large scale geological mapping method for mineral exploration in a shallow coverage area, which comprises the following steps: wiring measurement is carried out according to industry specifications and reasonable route spacing is selected according to the scale of the required filling map; respectively selecting points on each route according to industry specifications to excavate exploratory pits, wherein the distance between the exploratory pits is determined according to a scale of an actually measured section; geological description and record are carried out on the bedrock residual layer and geological phenomena in the bedrock layer which are revealed by the exploring pits according to industry specifications, then the geological bodies are classified and divided according to the geological description and record, and the exploring pits are backfilled after the work is finished; after data acquisition is completed on a plurality of probe pits on a plurality of routes, the acquired geological points are marked on a topographic map according to coordinates. The invention adopts a method of digging the exploratory pit to uncover the covering layer, and performs geological mapping according to the uncovered bedrock outcrop, residual layer, slope layer, weathered layer and the like, thereby solving the geological mapping problem of the area with little or no bedrock outcrop.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral exploration, in particular to a large scale geological mapping method for mineral exploration in a shallow coverage area.
Background
The geological map is a working process of forming the geological map by filling various geological bodies and geological phenomena on a geographical base map according to a certain scale on the basis of field observation and research, at present, the geological map is high in quality in a region with good bedrock exposure, so that the geological research work of a mining area is effectively guided, and a lost point or an uncontrolled observation point of the geological map can be formed in a region with little or no bedrock exposure, so that the formed geological map has little guiding significance on mineral exploration.
In mineral exploration geological map works, there are several options in areas where there is little or no bedrock exposure: 1. a lost point or an uncontrolled observation point, resulting in poor quality of the image; 2. the geotechnical stripping process is adopted to reveal bedrock, so that the ecological damage is large, the period is long and the cost is high; 3. the bedrock is revealed by adopting the slot exploration, so that the ecological damage is large, the acquired geological points are few, the period is long and the cost is high; 4. the shallow drill is adopted to obtain the bedrock core ground particles, so that the cost is high and the working efficiency is low; 5. the geological map filling work and the soil geochemistry work are respectively carried out, and the manpower, material resources and working period are consumed, so that the prior art is necessary to be improved to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large scale geological mapping method for mineral exploration in shallow coverage areas, which aims to solve the problem that the prior art in the background art is difficult to finish geological mapping of areas with little or no bedrock outcrop in high quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for large scale geological mapping of shallow overburden area mineral exploration, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: wiring measurement is carried out according to industry specifications and reasonable route spacing is selected according to the scale of the required filling map;
s2: respectively selecting points on each route according to industry specifications to excavate exploratory pits, wherein the distance between the exploratory pits is determined according to a scale of an actually measured section;
s3: geological description and record are carried out on the bedrock residual layer and geological phenomena in the bedrock layer which are revealed by the exploring pits according to industry specifications, then the geological bodies are classified and divided according to the geological description and record, and the exploring pits are backfilled after the work is finished;
s4: after completing data acquisition on a plurality of exploratory pits on a plurality of routes, marking the acquired geological points on a topographic map according to coordinates, and dividing boundaries of the geological body according to descriptions in the geological points;
s5: correcting boundary lines, selecting two explorations with two different geologic bodies changed along a route direction, arranging point explorations between the two explorations, carrying out geological description and recording on geological phenomena in bedrock residual layers and bedrock strata uncovered by the point explorations according to industry specifications, classifying and dividing the geologic bodies according to the geological description and the recording, backfilling the point explorations after finishing the work, controlling the boundary lines of the geologic bodies through the point explorations, finishing the measurement and the geological description of the occurrence of the geologic bodies according to the industry specifications, and correcting the boundary lines on a graph.
Preferably, the exploratory pit comprises an exploratory pit mouth, an exploratory pit wall and an exploratory pit bottom, and the exploratory pit sequentially exposes a humus layer, a bedrock total weathering layer, a bedrock residual layer and a bedrock stratum from shallow to deep.
Preferably, the depth of the exploratory pit is 1.5m according to the deepest excavation of the disclosed practical situation, the exploratory pit is set to be 1m in length and 1m in width of the ground surface, and the exploratory pit is contracted into an inverted trapezoid shape towards the deep length and the deep width.
Preferably, the scale of the map required in S1 includes 1: 10000. 1: 5000. 1:2000 and 1:1000, developing 1 in the area of shallow coverage: 10000 geological map is filled, the map filling line distance is set to be 100m, the probe pit distance is set to be 50-100m, and the density of geological points revealed by the probe pit is not less than 80 points/km 2 Developing 1 in the area of the shallow cover layer: 5000 geological map is filled, the map filling line distance is set to be 50m, the probe pit distance is set to be 30-60m, and the density of geological points revealed by the probe pit is not less than 150 points/km 2 Developing 1 in the area of the shallow cover layer: 2000 geological map is filled, the map filling line distance is set to be 20-40m, the probe pit distance is set to be 20-40m, and the density of the geological points revealed by the probe pit is not less than 300 points/km 2 Developing 1 in the area of the shallow cover layer: 1000 geological map, the map filling line distance is set to be 10m, the probe pit point distance is set to be 10m, and the density of geological points revealed by the probe pit is not less than 600 points/km 2 。
Preferably, in the step S3, if 1:10000 soil geochemical sampling, namely, collecting soil in bedrock residual layer, wherein the sampling accords with the soil geochemical measurement procedure on the exploratory wall, and if 1:5000 soil geochemistry samples, the collected samples conforming to the soil geochemistry measurement procedure can be selected on the exploratory wall, namely, the soil in bedrock residual layer is collected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that.
(1) According to the invention, the foundation rock, the residual layer, the slope layer, the weathering layer and the like are disclosed by excavating the exploratory pit through a simple means to divide stratum, rock units and other different geological bodies, so that the purpose of geological mapping is achieved, the geological mapping problem of the area with little or no exposed foundation rock is solved, the problem that the large scale geological mapping cannot be systematically completed in the overburden area is solved, other high-cost large scale geological mapping methods with large ecological damage on the shallow overburden area can be adopted instead, geological mapping work can be completed with higher quality, the formed geological mapping can effectively guide mineral exploration work, the excavated exploratory pit is sparsely distributed in the geological mapping area, backfilling is carried out after the work is completed, the ecological is basically free from damage, and the purpose of protecting the environment is achieved.
(2) The soil of the residual layer at the upper part of the dug exploratory pit can be used as a soil geochemical sample for geochemical exploration, so that two works of geological map filling and soil geochemical can be synchronously developed, and the overall working efficiency is improved.
(3) According to the invention, wiring measurement is carried out according to the scale of the required map, reasonable route spacing and probe pit spacing are selected, accurate boundaries of each geological body are accurately controlled by laying point probe grooves, more geological information is obtained, the problem that other geological map filling methods cannot solve is solved, the boundaries are delineated by adopting a midpoint method in the process of sorting data, and the geological topography map of various scales formed meets mineral exploration requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the probe pit structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a measured geological profile of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a measured geologic profile of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the overall data organization of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings are: 1. a probe pit; 2. a pit opening; 3. a probe pit wall; 4. a probe pit bottom; 5. a humus soil layer; 6. a fully weathered layer of bedrock; 7. a bedrock residual layer; 8. a base layer; 9. and (5) spot-detecting the groove.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the following embodiments are provided in the present invention.
Example 1
Large scale 1 for mineral exploration in shallow coverage areas: 10000 geological map filling method, the method includes the following steps:
s1: adopting a filling line distance of 100m, performing front, rear, left and right foot surveys along a filling line when selecting the exploratory 1, controlling the point distance to be 50-100m, avoiding low-lying areas of the ground, selecting areas with relatively higher ground and shallow covering layers, excavating the exploratory 1, and ensuring that the density of geological points revealed by the excavated exploratory 1 is not less than 80 points/km 2 Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a path AB, BC, CD, DE is respectively selected to excavate a probe pit 1, geological descriptions and records are carried out according to the geological phenomena in the exposed bedrock residual layer 7 and the exposed bedrock layer 8 and the industry specifications, and then the geological bodies are classified and divided according to the geological descriptions and the geological records;
s2: as shown in FIG. 2, the exploratory pit 1-1 and the exploratory pit 1-2 are disclosed as D 3zg Stratum, exploratory pit 1-3, exploratory pit 1-4, exploratory pit 1-5 are disclosed as C 1d Stratum, exploratory pit 1-6, exploratory pit 1-7, exploratory pit 1-8 are disclosed as C 1b Stratum, exploratory pit 1-9, exploratory pit 1-10 are disclosed as C 1w Stratum, exploratory pit 1-11, exploratory pit 1-12 are disclosed as C 1m Stratum, and D is disclosed in exploring pits 1-2 along the route direction 3zg Formation to probe 1-3 reveal C 1d The stratum is marked with D in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory pit 1-2 and the exploratory pit 1-3 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I; c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-5 along the route direction 1d Formation to pit 1-6 reveal C 1b The stratum is sketched in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory 1-5 and the exploratory 1-6Go out C 1d And C 1b Boundary II of (2); c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-8 along the route direction 1b Formation to pit 1-9 reveal C 1w The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory pits 1-8 and 1-9 1b And C 1w Boundary line III of (2); c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-10 along the route direction 1w Formation to pit 1-11 reveal C 1m The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory 1-10 and the exploratory 1-11 1w And C 1m Boundary IV, thus finishing the route geological sketch;
s3: correcting a sketch boundary line, selecting two exploratory pits 1 with two different geologic bodies changed along a route direction, arranging point exploratory grooves 9 between the two exploratory pits 1, carrying out geological description and recording on geological phenomena in a bedrock residual layer 7 and a bedrock stratum 8 uncovered through the point exploratory grooves 9 according to industry specifications, classifying and dividing the geologic bodies according to the geological description and the recording, backfilling the point exploratory grooves 9 after the work is finished, controlling the boundary line of the geologic bodies through the point exploratory grooves 9, completing the production measurement and the geological description of the geologic bodies according to the industry specifications, and carrying out correction boundary line on a graph, arranging the point exploratory grooves 9-1 between the exploratory pits 1-2 and the exploratory pits 1-3, and controlling D 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I, and making a modified boundary line I' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-2 is arranged between the exploratory 1-5 and the exploratory 1-6, and C is controlled 1d And C 1b Boundary II, and making a correction boundary II' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-3 is arranged between the exploratory 1-8 and the exploratory 1-9, and C is controlled 1b And C 1w Boundary line III, and making a modified boundary line III' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-4 is arranged between the exploratory 1-10 and the exploratory 1-11, and C is controlled 1w And C 1m Boundary IV, and making a correction boundary IV' on the sketch, thereby finishing the correction of the route geological sketch;
s4: the geological map of the shallow coverage area is arranged to complete the complete geological map, as shown in figure 4, D1-D30 are ground particles, and the drawing of the routes 1-5 is completed according to GPS tracks, wherein D7, D14 and D21 are D 3zg Formations D1, D2, D8, D9, D15, D16, D22, D23 are C 1d Formations D3, D4, D10, D17, D18, D14, D25 are C 1b The formation may be a well-formed or a well-formed,d5, D6, D11, D12, D13, D19, D20, D26, D27 are C 1w Formations D28, D29, D30 are C 1m The stratum, the midpoint between D7 and D8 in the route 2, the midpoint between D14 and D15 in the route 3 and the midpoint between D21 and D22 in the route 4 are selected to draw D 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I; c is drawn by selecting the midpoints of D2 and D3 in the route 1, the midpoints of D9 and D10 in the route 2, the midpoints of D16 and D17 in the route 3 and the midpoints of D23 and D24 in the route 4 1d And C 1b Boundary II; c is drawn by selecting the midpoints of D4 and D5 in the route 1, the midpoints of D10 and D11 in the route 2, the midpoints of D18 and D19 in the route 3 and the midpoints of D25 and D26 in the route 4 1b And C 1w Boundary line III; c is drawn by selecting the midpoint between D13 in route 2 and D30 in route 5, the midpoint between D10 in route 3 and D29 in route 5, and the midpoint between D27 and D28 in route 4 1w And C 1m And (5) boundary IV, thereby completing the manufacture of the whole geological map.
Further, the exploring pit 1 comprises an exploring pit mouth 2, an exploring pit wall 3 and an exploring pit bottom 4, wherein the exploring pit 1 sequentially exposes a humus soil layer 5, a bedrock total weathering layer 6, a bedrock residual layer 7 and a bedrock layer 8 from shallow to deep.
Furthermore, the depth of the exploratory pit 1 is deepest excavated by 1.5m according to the disclosed practical situation, the geological map of areas such as a alluvial, a shallow well, a shallow drill and the like, in which the thickness of a covering layer on an area is larger than 1.5m, is developed in a manner of exploratory grooves, shallow wells, shallow drills and the like, the method is not applicable, the exploratory pit 1 is set to be 1m in length and 1m in width, and the depth is contracted in an inverted trapezoid shape in length and width, so that the upper part is prevented from collapsing.
Further, if 1 is to be completed at the same time: 10000 soil geochemistry samples can be selected on the exploratory wall 3 to be in line with the soil geochemistry measurement procedure, namely, the soil in the bedrock residual layer 7 is collected, so that two works of geological map filling and soil geochemistry are synchronously carried out, and the overall working efficiency is improved.
Example 2
Large scale 1 for mineral exploration in shallow coverage areas: 5000 geological mapping method, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: adopting a map filling line distance of 50m, and performing front, rear, left and right surveying and point distance control along the map filling line when selecting the exploratory 1The method is characterized in that the method is manufactured at 30-60m, avoids low-lying areas of the ground, selects areas with relatively higher ground and shallow covering layers to excavate the exploratory 1, and ensures that the density of geological points revealed by the excavated exploratory 1 is not less than 150 points/km 2 Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a path AB, BC, CD, DE is respectively selected to excavate a probe pit 1, geological descriptions and records are carried out according to the geological phenomena in the exposed bedrock residual layer 7 and the exposed bedrock layer 8 and the industry specifications, and then the geological bodies are classified and divided according to the geological descriptions and the geological records;
s2: as shown in FIG. 2, the exploratory pit 1-1 and the exploratory pit 1-2 are disclosed as D 3zg Stratum, exploratory pit 1-3, exploratory pit 1-4, exploratory pit 1-5 are disclosed as C 1d Stratum, exploratory pit 1-6, exploratory pit 1-7, exploratory pit 1-8 are disclosed as C 1b Stratum, exploratory pit 1-9, exploratory pit 1-10 are disclosed as C 1w Stratum, exploratory pit 1-11, exploratory pit 1-12 are disclosed as C 1m Stratum, and D is disclosed in exploring pits 1-2 along the route direction 3zg Formation to probe 1-3 reveal C 1d The stratum is marked with D in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory pit 1-2 and the exploratory pit 1-3 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I; c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-5 along the route direction 1d Formation to pit 1-6 reveal C 1b The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory 1-5 and the exploratory 1-6 1d And C 1b Boundary II of (2); c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-8 along the route direction 1b Formation to pit 1-9 reveal C 1w The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory pits 1-8 and 1-9 1b And C 1w Boundary line III of (2); c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-10 along the route direction 1w Formation to pit 1-11 reveal C 1m The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory 1-10 and the exploratory 1-11 1w And C 1m Boundary IV, thus finishing the route geological sketch;
s3: correcting a sketch boundary line, selecting two exploratory pits 1 with two different geologic bodies changed along a route direction, arranging point exploratory grooves 9 between the two exploratory pits 1, carrying out geological description and recording on geological phenomena in bedrock residual layers 7 and bedrock layers 8 uncovered through the point exploratory grooves 9 according to industry specifications, classifying and dividing the geologic bodies according to the geological description and recording, and backfilling the point exploratory grooves after finishing the work9, controlling boundary line of the geologic body through the point exploring groove 9, completing the attitude measurement and geologic description of the geologic body according to industry specifications, and making correction boundary line on the graph, as shown in fig. 3, arranging the point exploring groove 9-1 between the exploring pit 1-2 and the exploring pit 1-3, controlling D 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I, and making a modified boundary line I' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-2 is arranged between the exploratory 1-5 and the exploratory 1-6, and C is controlled 1d And C 1b Boundary II, and making a correction boundary II' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-3 is arranged between the exploratory 1-8 and the exploratory 1-9, and C is controlled 1b And C 1w Boundary line III, and making a modified boundary line III' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-4 is arranged between the exploratory 1-10 and the exploratory 1-11, and C is controlled 1w And C 1m Boundary IV, and making a correction boundary IV' on the sketch, thereby finishing the correction of the route geological sketch;
s4: the geological map of the shallow coverage area is arranged to complete the complete geological map, as shown in figure 4, D1-D30 are ground particles, and the drawing of the routes 1-5 is completed according to GPS tracks, wherein D7, D14 and D21 are D 3zg Formations D1, D2, D8, D9, D15, D16, D22, D23 are C 1d Formations D3, D4, D10, D17, D18, D14, D25 are C 1b Formations D5, D6, D11, D12, D13, D19, D20, D26, D27 are C 1w Formations D28, D29, D30 are C 1m The stratum, the midpoint between D7 and D8 in the route 2, the midpoint between D14 and D15 in the route 3 and the midpoint between D21 and D22 in the route 4 are selected to draw D 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I; c is drawn by selecting the midpoints of D2 and D3 in the route 1, the midpoints of D9 and D10 in the route 2, the midpoints of D16 and D17 in the route 3 and the midpoints of D23 and D24 in the route 4 1d And C 1b Boundary II; c is drawn by selecting the midpoints of D4 and D5 in the route 1, the midpoints of D10 and D11 in the route 2, the midpoints of D18 and D19 in the route 3 and the midpoints of D25 and D26 in the route 4 1b And C 1w Boundary line III; c is drawn by selecting the midpoint between D13 in route 2 and D30 in route 5, the midpoint between D10 in route 3 and D29 in route 5, and the midpoint between D27 and D28 in route 4 1w And C 1m And (5) boundary IV, thereby completing the manufacture of the whole geological map.
Further, the exploring pit 1 comprises an exploring pit mouth 2, an exploring pit wall 3 and an exploring pit bottom 4, wherein the exploring pit 1 sequentially exposes a humus soil layer 5, a bedrock total weathering layer 6, a bedrock residual layer 7 and a bedrock layer 8 from shallow to deep.
Furthermore, the depth of the exploratory pit 1 is deepest excavated by 1.5m according to the disclosed practical situation, the geological map of areas such as a alluvial, a shallow well, a shallow drill and the like, in which the thickness of a covering layer on an area is larger than 1.5m, is developed in a manner of exploratory grooves, shallow wells, shallow drills and the like, the method is not applicable, the exploratory pit 1 is set to be 1m in length and 1m in width, and the depth is contracted in an inverted trapezoid shape in length and width, so that the upper part is prevented from collapsing.
Further, if 1 is to be completed at the same time: 5000 soil geochemistry samples can be selected on the exploratory wall 3 to be in line with the soil geochemistry measurement procedure, namely, the soil in the bedrock residual layer 7 is collected, so that two works of geological map filling and soil geochemistry are synchronously carried out, and the overall working efficiency is improved.
Example 3
Large scale 1 for mineral exploration in shallow coverage areas: 2000 geologic map method, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: adopting a filling line distance of 20-40m, performing front, rear, left and right stepping investigation along a filling line when selecting the exploratory 1, controlling the point distance to be 20-40m, avoiding low-lying areas, selecting areas with relatively high land, and excavating the exploratory 1 in the areas with shallow covering layers, so as to ensure that the geological point density disclosed by the excavated exploratory 1 is not less than 300 points/km 2 Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a path AB, BC, CD, DE is respectively selected to excavate a probe pit 1, geological descriptions and records are carried out according to the geological phenomena in the exposed bedrock residual layer 7 and the exposed bedrock layer 8 and the industry specifications, and then the geological bodies are classified and divided according to the geological descriptions and the geological records;
s2: as shown in FIG. 2, the exploratory pit 1-1 and the exploratory pit 1-2 are disclosed as D 3zg Stratum, exploratory pit 1-3, exploratory pit 1-4, exploratory pit 1-5 are disclosed as C 1d Stratum, exploratory pit 1-6, exploratory pit 1-7, exploratory pit 1-8 are disclosed as C 1b Stratum, exploratory pit 1-9, exploratory pit 1-10 are disclosed as C 1w Stratum, exploratory pit 1-11, exploratory pit 1-12 are disclosed as C 1m Stratum, and D is disclosed in exploring pits 1-2 along the route direction 3zg Formation to probe 1-3 reveal C 1d The stratum is marked with D in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory pit 1-2 and the exploratory pit 1-3 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I; c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-5 along the route direction 1d Formation to pit 1-6 reveal C 1b The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory 1-5 and the exploratory 1-6 1d And C 1b Boundary II of (2); c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-8 along the route direction 1b Formation to pit 1-9 reveal C 1w The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory pits 1-8 and 1-9 1b And C 1w Boundary line III of (2); c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-10 along the route direction 1w Formation to pit 1-11 reveal C 1m The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory 1-10 and the exploratory 1-11 1w And C 1m Boundary IV, thus finishing the route geological sketch;
s3: correcting a sketch boundary line, selecting two exploratory pits 1 with two different geologic bodies changed along a route direction, arranging point exploratory grooves 9 between the two exploratory pits 1, carrying out geological description and recording on geological phenomena in a bedrock residual layer 7 and a bedrock stratum 8 uncovered through the point exploratory grooves 9 according to industry specifications, classifying and dividing the geologic bodies according to the geological description and the recording, backfilling the point exploratory grooves 9 after the work is finished, controlling the boundary line of the geologic bodies through the point exploratory grooves 9, completing the production measurement and the geological description of the geologic bodies according to the industry specifications, and carrying out correction boundary line on a graph, arranging the point exploratory grooves 9-1 between the exploratory pits 1-2 and the exploratory pits 1-3, and controlling D 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I, and making a modified boundary line I' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-2 is arranged between the exploratory 1-5 and the exploratory 1-6, and C is controlled 1d And C 1b Boundary II, and making a correction boundary II' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-3 is arranged between the exploratory 1-8 and the exploratory 1-9, and C is controlled 1b And C 1w Boundary line III, and making a modified boundary line III' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-4 is arranged between the exploratory 1-10 and the exploratory 1-11, and C is controlled 1w And C 1m Boundary IV, and making a correction boundary IV' on the sketch, thereby finishing the correction of the route geological sketch;
s4: the geological map of the shallow coverage area is arranged to finish complete geological fillingAs shown in FIG. 4, D1-D30 are ground particles, and the route 1-route 5 is drawn according to the GPS track, in which D7, D14 and D21 are D 3zg Formations D1, D2, D8, D9, D15, D16, D22, D23 are C 1d Formations D3, D4, D10, D17, D18, D14, D25 are C 1b Formations D5, D6, D11, D12, D13, D19, D20, D26, D27 are C 1w Formations D28, D29, D30 are C 1m The stratum, the midpoint between D7 and D8 in the route 2, the midpoint between D14 and D15 in the route 3 and the midpoint between D21 and D22 in the route 4 are selected to draw D 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I; c is drawn by selecting the midpoints of D2 and D3 in the route 1, the midpoints of D9 and D10 in the route 2, the midpoints of D16 and D17 in the route 3 and the midpoints of D23 and D24 in the route 4 1d And C 1b Boundary II; c is drawn by selecting the midpoints of D4 and D5 in the route 1, the midpoints of D10 and D11 in the route 2, the midpoints of D18 and D19 in the route 3 and the midpoints of D25 and D26 in the route 4 1b And C 1w Boundary line III; c is drawn by selecting the midpoint between D13 in route 2 and D30 in route 5, the midpoint between D10 in route 3 and D29 in route 5, and the midpoint between D27 and D28 in route 4 1w And C 1m And (5) boundary IV, thereby completing the manufacture of the whole geological map.
Further, the exploring pit 1 comprises an exploring pit mouth 2, an exploring pit wall 3 and an exploring pit bottom 4, wherein the exploring pit 1 sequentially exposes a humus soil layer 5, a bedrock total weathering layer 6, a bedrock residual layer 7 and a bedrock layer 8 from shallow to deep.
Furthermore, the depth of the exploratory pit 1 is deepest excavated by 1.5m according to the disclosed practical situation, the geological map of areas such as a alluvial, a shallow well, a shallow drill and the like, in which the thickness of a covering layer on an area is larger than 1.5m, is developed in a manner of exploratory grooves, shallow wells, shallow drills and the like, the method is not applicable, the exploratory pit 1 is set to be 1m in length and 1m in width, and the depth is contracted in an inverted trapezoid shape in length and width, so that the upper part is prevented from collapsing.
Example 4
Large scale 1 for mineral exploration in shallow coverage areas: 1000 geological map method, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: adopting a filling line distance of 10m, and selecting a exploratory 1 to survey along the front, rear, left and right sides of the filling line, wherein the point distance is controlled to be 10m, avoiding the low-lying area of the topography, and the topography is selected to be relatively higherHigh, shallow area of overburden excavates the probe 1, ensure that the geological point density that the probe 1 of excavation exposes is not less than 600 points/km 2 Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a path AB, BC, CD, DE is respectively selected to excavate a probe pit 1, geological descriptions and records are carried out according to the geological phenomena in the exposed bedrock residual layer 7 and the exposed bedrock layer 8 and the industry specifications, and then the geological bodies are classified and divided according to the geological descriptions and the geological records;
s2: as shown in FIG. 2, the exploratory pit 1-1 and the exploratory pit 1-2 are disclosed as D 3zg Stratum, exploratory pit 1-3, exploratory pit 1-4, exploratory pit 1-5 are disclosed as C 1d Stratum, exploratory pit 1-6, exploratory pit 1-7, exploratory pit 1-8 are disclosed as C 1b Stratum, exploratory pit 1-9, exploratory pit 1-10 are disclosed as C 1w Stratum, exploratory pit 1-11, exploratory pit 1-12 are disclosed as C 1m Stratum, and D is disclosed in exploring pits 1-2 along the route direction 3zg Formation to probe 1-3 reveal C 1d The stratum is marked with D in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory pit 1-2 and the exploratory pit 1-3 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I; c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-5 along the route direction 1d Formation to pit 1-6 reveal C 1b The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory 1-5 and the exploratory 1-6 1d And C 1b Boundary II of (2); c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-8 along the route direction 1b Formation to pit 1-9 reveal C 1w The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory pits 1-8 and 1-9 1b And C 1w Boundary line III of (2); c is disclosed in the exploring pits 1-10 along the route direction 1w Formation to pit 1-11 reveal C 1m The stratum is marked with C in the figure by taking the midpoint between the exploratory 1-10 and the exploratory 1-11 1w And C 1m Boundary IV, thus finishing the route geological sketch;
s3: correcting a sketch boundary line, selecting two exploratory pits 1 with two different geologic bodies changed along a route direction, arranging point exploratory grooves 9 between the two exploratory pits 1, carrying out geological description and recording on geological phenomena in a bedrock residual layer 7 and a bedrock layer 8 uncovered through the point exploratory grooves 9 according to industry specifications, classifying and dividing the geologic bodies according to the geological description and recording, backfilling the point exploratory grooves 9 after finishing the work, controlling the boundary line of the geologic bodies through the point exploratory grooves 9, and carrying out classification and division on the geologic bodies according to industry specificationsFan Wancheng the geologic body is measured and geology described, and the correction boundary is made on the graph, as shown in figure 3, the point exploratory slot 9-1 is arranged between the exploratory pit 1-2 and the exploratory pit 1-3, and D is controlled 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I, and making a modified boundary line I' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-2 is arranged between the exploratory 1-5 and the exploratory 1-6, and C is controlled 1d And C 1b Boundary II, and making a correction boundary II' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-3 is arranged between the exploratory 1-8 and the exploratory 1-9, and C is controlled 1b And C 1w Boundary line III, and making a modified boundary line III' on the sketch; a point exploring groove 9-4 is arranged between the exploratory 1-10 and the exploratory 1-11, and C is controlled 1w And C 1m Boundary IV, and making a correction boundary IV' on the sketch, thereby finishing the correction of the route geological sketch;
s4: the geological map of the shallow coverage area is arranged to complete the complete geological map, as shown in figure 4, D1-D30 are ground particles, and the drawing of the routes 1-5 is completed according to GPS tracks, wherein D7, D14 and D21 are D 3zg Formations D1, D2, D8, D9, D15, D16, D22, D23 are C 1d Formations D3, D4, D10, D17, D18, D14, D25 are C 1b Formations D5, D6, D11, D12, D13, D19, D20, D26, D27 are C 1w Formations D28, D29, D30 are C 1m The stratum, the midpoint between D7 and D8 in the route 2, the midpoint between D14 and D15 in the route 3 and the midpoint between D21 and D22 in the route 4 are selected to draw D 3zg And C 1d Boundary line I; c is drawn by selecting the midpoints of D2 and D3 in the route 1, the midpoints of D9 and D10 in the route 2, the midpoints of D16 and D17 in the route 3 and the midpoints of D23 and D24 in the route 4 1d And C 1b Boundary II; c is drawn by selecting the midpoints of D4 and D5 in the route 1, the midpoints of D10 and D11 in the route 2, the midpoints of D18 and D19 in the route 3 and the midpoints of D25 and D26 in the route 4 1b And C 1w Boundary line III; c is drawn by selecting the midpoint between D13 in route 2 and D30 in route 5, the midpoint between D10 in route 3 and D29 in route 5, and the midpoint between D27 and D28 in route 4 1w And C 1m And (5) boundary IV, thereby completing the manufacture of the whole geological map.
Further, the exploring pit 1 comprises an exploring pit mouth 2, an exploring pit wall 3 and an exploring pit bottom 4, wherein the exploring pit 1 sequentially exposes a humus soil layer 5, a bedrock total weathering layer 6, a bedrock residual layer 7 and a bedrock layer 8 from shallow to deep.
Furthermore, the depth of the exploratory pit 1 is deepest excavated by 1.5m according to the disclosed practical situation, the geological map of areas such as a alluvial, a shallow well, a shallow drill and the like, in which the thickness of a covering layer on an area is larger than 1.5m, is developed in a manner of exploratory grooves, shallow wells, shallow drills and the like, the method is not applicable, the exploratory pit 1 is set to be 1m in length and 1m in width, and the depth is contracted in an inverted trapezoid shape in length and width, so that the upper part is prevented from collapsing.
Working principle: the method of the exploratory pit is adopted to expose the geologic body covered by the covering layer, wiring measurement is carried out according to different map filling scales and industry specifications, reasonable route spacing and exploratory pit spacing are selected, the problem that a large scale geological map cannot be systematically filled in the covering layer area is solved, other high-cost large scale geological map filling methods for shallow covering layer areas with large ecological damage can be replaced, the excavated exploratory pit is backfilled after the work is finished, ecological damage is not formed, after the position of each geologic body is exposed by the exploratory pit, accurate boundary lines of each geologic body are accurately controlled by a layout point exploratory groove, more geological information is obtained, the problem that other geological map filling methods cannot solve is solved, the boundary lines are marked by adjacent ground points of different geologic map areas in the shallow covering layer areas by adopting a midpoint method, and the geological map of various scale formed meets mineral exploration requirements.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The large scale geological mapping method for mineral exploration in shallow coverage areas is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: wiring measurement is carried out according to industry specifications and reasonable route spacing is selected according to the scale of the required filling map;
s2: respectively selecting points on each route according to industry specifications to excavate exploratory pits (1), and determining the intervals among the exploratory pits (1) according to the scale of the actually measured section;
s3: geological phenomena in the bedrock residual layer (7) and the bedrock layer (8) uncovered by the exploring pit (1) are subjected to geological description and recording according to industry specifications, and then the geological bodies are classified and divided according to the geological description and recording, and the exploring pit (1) is backfilled after the work is finished;
s4: after completing data acquisition for a plurality of exploratory pits (1) on a plurality of routes, marking the acquired geological points on a topographic map according to coordinates, and dividing boundaries of the geological body according to descriptions in the geological points;
s5: correcting boundary lines, selecting two exploratory pits (1) with two different geologic bodies changed along a route direction, arranging point exploratory grooves (9) between the two exploratory pits (1), carrying out geological description and recording on geological phenomena in a bedrock residual layer (7) and a bedrock layer (8) uncovered through the point exploratory grooves (9) according to industry specifications, classifying and dividing the geologic bodies according to the geological description and the recording, backfilling the point exploratory grooves (9) after finishing the work, controlling the boundary lines of the geologic bodies through the point exploratory grooves (9), finishing the measurement of the occurrence of the geologic bodies and the geological description according to the industry specifications, and carrying out correction boundary lines on a graph.
2. The shallow overburden area mineral exploration large scale geologic mapping method of claim 1, wherein: the exploring pit (1) comprises an exploring pit mouth (2), an exploring pit wall (3) and an exploring pit bottom (4), wherein the exploring pit (1) sequentially exposes a humus soil layer (5), a bedrock total weathering layer (6), a bedrock residual layer (7) and a bedrock layer (8) from shallow to deep.
3. The shallow overburden area mineral exploration large scale geologic mapping method of claim 1, wherein: the depth of the exploratory pit (1) is 1.5m according to the deepest excavation of the disclosed practical situation, the exploratory pit (1) is set to be 1m of the ground surface length and 1m of the ground surface width, and the exploratory pit is contracted into an inverted trapezoid shape with the depth length and the depth width.
4. The shallow overburden area mineral exploration large scale geologic mapping method of claim 1, wherein: the scale of the required filling in S1 includes 1: 10000. 1: 5000. 1:2000 and 1:1000, developing 1 in the area of shallow coverage: 10000 geological map is filled, the map filling line distance is set to be 100m, the point distance of the exploratory pit (1) is set to be 50-100m, and the density of geological points revealed by the exploratory pit (1) is not less than 80 points/km 2 Developing 1 in the area of the shallow cover layer: 5000 geological map is filled, the map filling line distance is set to be 50m, the point distance of the exploratory pit (1) is set to be 30-60m, and the density of geological points revealed by the exploratory pit (1) is not less than 150 points/km 2 Developing 1 in the area of the shallow cover layer: 2000 geological map is filled, the map filling line distance is set to be 20-40m, the point distance of the exploratory pit (1) is set to be 20-40m, and the density of geological points revealed by the exploratory pit (1) is not less than 300 points/km 2 Developing 1 in the area of the shallow cover layer: 1000 geological map, the map filling line distance is set to be 10m, the point distance of the exploratory pit (1) is set to be 10m, and the density of geological points revealed by the exploratory pit (1) is not less than 600 points/km 2 。
5. The shallow overburden area mineral exploration large scale geologic mapping method of claim 1, wherein: if the step S3 is to be completed at the same time, 1:10000 soil geochemistry sampling, can select and accord with the soil geochemistry measurement rule and collect the sample on the exploratory wall (3), namely collect the soil in the bedrock residual layer (7), if need to finish 1 at the same time: 5000 soil geochemical sampling, the soil in the bedrock residual layer (7) can be collected by selecting a collected sample conforming to the soil geochemical measurement procedure on the exploratory wall (3).
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