CN110852062A - Method for automatically measuring group external attitude and internal attitude by using speech information - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for automatically measuring group external attitude and internal hidden attitude by using speech information, which comprises the following steps of firstly, simulating concepts, examples and attributes in a self-evaluation report and an internal hidden association test by defining concept vocabularies, example vocabularies and attribute vocabularies; then according to given concept vocabulary, example vocabulary and attribute vocabulary, finding out statements related to the example vocabulary and statements related to the concept vocabulary in the corpus respectively to obtain two statement sets; and finally, measuring the external appearance and the internal appearance by calculating the emotion scores stated in the corresponding statement sets and taking the average emotion score of the corresponding statement sets as the quantitative representation of the internal appearance bias and the external appearance bias. The invention avoids the measurement of real testees, saves manpower and material resources, simultaneously, real corpora can better reflect the attitude of the group, and more objects can be researched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a group attitude bias measurement method, and belongs to a key research problem in the fields of social computing and social psychology. The method utilizes large-scale speech information of the population to automatically measure the exomorphism and the endomorphism of the population.
Background
Social psychology studies have shown that people often behave in public situations with attitudes that differ from the true insidious attitudes of their insides. Attitudes are beliefs that have a tendency to concepts or objects. Since attitude can be an intrinsic motivation for people's interest, opinion, or follow-up behavior, understanding the attitude bias of a group is essential for opinion analysis, automatic recommendation, and user profiling related research. In current approaches, languages are widely used to mine attitudes. By analyzing the emotion and semantic meaning of the words of people, the attitudes of people on a certain event, object, person or concept can be mined.
In the psychological research, self-assessment reports and implicit association tests are respectively used for measuring the human population external implicit attitude and the human population implicit attitude, but both methods need the tested personnel to actively cooperate to carry out the experiment, and the measurement can be carried out only by a small-scale population. Therefore, for both experiments, measuring the exo-and endo-attitudes of large-scale populations requires a lot of manpower and money. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an automated method for measuring exo-and endo-attitudes in large populations.
The self-evaluation report is an explicit attitude measuring method, which is usually performed in the form of research, questionnaire, etc., and the questions answered by the subject can reflect the explicit attitude of the subject. The main advantage of self-assessment reporting is to allow participants to describe their own experiences, rather than to infer by observing the participants. However, the self-assessment reporting method has two major disadvantages, which can result in a false report for the subject: (1) bias in social expectations: this means that the subject wishes to present themselves in a socially acceptable manner, for example against racial discrimination, even if this is not their true attitude; (2) unconsciousness: this means that the subjects are not aware of the true attitude in their mind. For example, homosexuals do not express their true sexual orientation explicitly in a self-assessment report because they are unaware of this.
The implicit association test is a method for measuring implicit state degree, which is most widely used in the field of social psychology, and measures the degree of closeness of automatic association between concept vocabularies and attribute vocabularies through a classification task realized by a computer program, so as to measure the implicit state degree of an individual. The implicit association test takes the reaction time as a measurement standard, and the general experimental step is to display an attribute vocabulary, so that a testee can distinguish and classify as soon as possible and click keys of a keyboard to react, and the intensity of implicit attitude is quantified through the magnitude of effect.
Specifically, implicit association testing is usually conducted on a computer, and labels of categories are respectively displayed on the upper left corner and the upper right corner of a computer display, and words to be classified are displayed in the center of the display. Implicit association testing will typically include five components, each of which contains a classification task. The first part is mainly to classify the attribute vocabulary as fast as possible and to respond by clicking the keyboard button; the second part is mainly to classify the example vocabularies as soon as possible and to react by clicking the keyboard button; the third part is that all the words appearing in the first two parts are randomly displayed and classified after being mixed, and simultaneously, buttons on the keyboard are clicked for reaction; the fourth part is similar to the second part, except that the example vocabulary is changed into the attribute vocabulary; the fifth part is similar to the third part and also exchanges the example vocabulary into the attribute vocabulary. In the above testing process, the reaction time of each key reaction and the wrong condition of the key can be automatically recorded by the computer. And finally, calculating the difference between the reaction time mean value of the incompatible group and the reaction time mean value of the compatible group, thereby obtaining the intensity of the buried state degree of the subject.
In order to measure the bias automatically, researchers analyze emotion and semantics of vocabularies in human languages through natural language processing technology, and therefore understanding of the bias of people is achieved. Researchers find statements on wikipedia corpus with biases including framework biases and cognitive biases, and these biases can be determined by common linguistic cues. In addition, word embedding is also used for capturing bias on linguistic data at present, and correlation test based on word embedding simulates correlation strength in a hidden association test through semantic distance between words so as to measure the bias. However, these methods do not distinguish between exo-attitudes and endo-attitudes. If the appearance of the exo-attitudes and the endo-attitudes are different in human language, the attitudes identified based on the current forward method may be confusing between exo-attitudes and endo-attitudes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to be able to identify the exo-and endo-attitudes of a population separately. The invention provides a new strategy, which relates the key factors (such as concepts, examples, attributes and the like) in the self-evaluation report and the implicit association test with the language characteristics and automatically realizes the measurement of the external attitudes and the implicit attitudes of large-scale people by utilizing a natural language processing technology. Compared with the traditional psychological method, the method avoids the measurement of the real 'testee', saves manpower and material resources, can better reflect the attitude of the group by the real corpus, and can research more objects.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for automatically measuring the exoattitudes and the endoattitudes of a population by using speech information, which comprises the following steps:
step one, defining a concept vocabulary set, an example vocabulary set and an attribute vocabulary set by simulating concepts, examples and attributes in an explicit self-evaluation report and an implicit association test in psychology;
step two, according to a given concept vocabulary set, an example vocabulary set and an attribute vocabulary set, finding out statements containing the concept vocabulary, the attribute vocabulary and the attribute vocabulary in the social media corpus of a given group to form a statement set of the given group; finding a set of statement forming statements 1 containing the concept vocabulary and the attribute vocabulary in a set of statements of a given population, finding a set of statement forming statements 2 containing the example vocabulary and the attribute vocabulary in a set of statements of a given population;
and thirdly, calculating the emotion score of each statement in the statement set 1 and the statement set 2 through an emotion analysis tool, taking the average emotion score of the statement set 1 as the quantitative representation of the bias of the exomorphism degree, and taking the average emotion score of the statement set 2 as the quantitative representation of the bias of the intromorphism degree, so that the measurement of the exomorphism degree and the intromorphism degree of the population is realized.
Furthermore, in the first step of the method of the present invention, the meaning of the concept vocabulary set is the vocabulary naming the concept and the synonyms thereof; the meaning of the example vocabulary set is to include the vocabulary that constitutes the given concept; the meaning of the set of attribute words is to include words that can express the meaning of a given attitude attribute.
In the second step, the statement comprises a main object or a main system table structure, and the main object or the main system table structure is determined by analyzing the sentence structure through a Stanford syntax analysis tool.
In step three, for the statement of Chinese, the emotion analysis tool is Baidu emotion analysis API; for statements in English, the sentiment analysis tool is a Stanford syntax analysis tool.
The invention relates to a method for automatically measuring the exomorphism and the endomorphism of a population by using speech information, which comprises the following specific contents of the second step and the third step:
given a pair of concepts CiAnd CjAnd a pair of attributes ApAnd AqDefinition of CwiAnd CwjAre respectively concept CiAnd CjThe concept vocabulary set of (E), EwiAnd EwjAre respectively concept CiAnd CjExample vocabulary set of (Aw)pAnd AwqAre respectively an attribute ApAnd AqThe attribute vocabulary set of (2); given a set of statements S, classifying the sentences according to the concept vocabulary and the attribute vocabulary contained in the sentences in the set S to order
Representing four sets of statements, the sentences in these sets of statements simultaneously containing one statement from set Cwi/Cwj/Ewi/EwjAnd a concept vocabulary or example vocabulary from the attribute set Awp∪AwqIs a vocabulary of properties, i.e., SCw_iThe representation includes a set Cw of concept wordsiA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set; sCw_jThe representation includes a set Cw of concept wordsjA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set; sEw_iThe representation includes a word from the example word set EwiA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set; sEw_jThe representation includes a word from the example word set EwjAnd a statement set of sentences of words from the set of attribute words.
Set of statements SCw_i，SCw_j，SEw_i，SEw_jFor measuring about concept C, respectivelyiExternal attitude of (2) with respect to concept CjExternal attitude of (2) with respect to concept CiAnd about concept CjThe implicit attitude of (2); explicit attitude deviation ExplicitBias (C)i,Cj,Ap,Aq) And implicit State deviation ImplicititBias (C)i,Cj,Ap,Aq) The calculation is carried out according to the following formula:
wherein p (S) denotes the statement set SCw_i，SCw_j，SEw_i，SEw_jThe sentiment score of one of the statements s, the sentiment score being set to +1, 0, -1, respectively, represents a positive sentiment, a neutral sentiment and a negative sentiment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method does not need active cooperation of a testee and can be finished by the testee unconsciously; the sample size of the tested user is large; the detected objects are diversified; historical data can be analyzed, and different scenes and crowds can be easily distinguished.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an automated method of measuring the extrinsic attitude and the intrinsic attitude of a population, respectively, using verbal information, in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 is an experimental result comparing each pair of concepts on each corpus in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein a positive number (negative number) indicates that the bias is more biased toward the right (left) concept on one column. For example, on the first column, Insect is the left concept and Flower is the right concept.
FIG. 3(a) is the evolutionary trend of the population in twitter with respect to the exomorphism and the endosymosis of "floral-worm";
FIG. 3(b) is the evolution trend of the population in twitter with respect to the exo-and endo-attitudes of "instrumental-weapons";
FIG. 3(c) is the evolutionary trend of the population in twitter with respect to the exo-and endo-attitudes of "white-black;
FIG. 3(d) is the evolution trend of the population in twitter with respect to the exomorphism and the endo morphism of "Chinese-USA";
FIG. 4(a) is the evolution trend of the population on microblog about the exo-and endo-attitudes of "flower-worms";
FIG. 4(b) is the evolution trend of the crowd on the microblog about the explicit attitude and implicit attitude of the 'instrument-weapon';
FIG. 4(c) is the evolution trend of the population on microblogs with respect to the explicit and implicit attitudes of "white-black";
FIG. 4(d) is the evolution trend of the population on microblog about the explicit attitude and implicit attitude of "China-USA";
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the stability of explicit and implicit attitudes on twitter and microblog corpora as a result of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The overall framework of the method for automatically measuring the population exo-attitude and the population endo-attitude by using the speech information is shown in figure 1. Firstly, simulating concepts, examples and attributes in a self-evaluation report and a hidden association test, and defining concept vocabularies, example vocabularies and attribute vocabularies; then according to given concept vocabulary, example vocabulary and attribute vocabulary, finding out statements related to the example vocabulary and statements related to the concept vocabulary in the corpus respectively to obtain two statement sets; and finally, calculating the emotion scores of the statements in the corresponding statement sets, and taking the average emotion score of each statement set as the quantitative representation of the implicit attitude bias and the explicit attitude bias.
The invention relates to a method for automatically measuring the exomorphism and the cryptomorphism of a population by using speech information, which comprises the following specific contents:
(1) defining the words involved in the method of the invention
In the invention, 3 types of vocabulary sets (a concept vocabulary set, an example vocabulary set and an attribute vocabulary set) are defined, and 3 key factors (concepts, examples and attributes) in a self-evaluation report and a hidden association test method are simulated.
Concept vocabulary set: including naming this notional vocabulary and its synonyms, etc. For example, the set of concept words for the concept "china" may be: { "China", "the people's republic of China", … … }.
Example vocabulary set: including words that may constitute a given concept, etc. For example, a sample word set of the concept "china" may be: { "five stars red flag", "Beijing", "Renminbi", … … }.
Attribute vocabulary set: including words that may express the meaning of a given attitude attribute, etc. For example, a "positive" set of attribute words may be: { "happy", and "happy", … … }.
(2) Matching self-assessment reports and implicit association tests with statements containing specific vocabulary
(a) Self-assessment reports, exo-attitudes, and statements containing concept vocabulary + Attribute vocabulary
In the present invention, the measure of the self-assessment report on the exogenic bias is converted into a linguistic criterion: if a sentence refers to a concept vocabulary versus an attribute vocabulary, the emotion of the sentence is considered as an explicit attitude to the concept. For example, the emotion of the proposition that "flowers are not beautiful" is the negative exomorphism to the concept of "flowers".
(b) Implicit association test, implicit attitude, and statement containing "example vocabulary + Attribute vocabulary
In the invention, the measuring standard of the implicit attitude in the implicit association test method is also converted into a corresponding language standard: if a sentence refers to a paradigm vocabulary with respect to a property vocabulary, the emotion of the sentence is considered to be implicit to the concept containing the paradigm. For example, the emotion of the phrase "rose is beautiful" is the positive implicit attitude to the concept "flower".
In addition, the present invention selects a statement that contains a principal predicate or a principal family structure and refers to both the concept/paradigm vocabulary and the sentence of the attribute vocabulary.
In particular, by means of the Stanford syntactic analysis tool (https://stanfordnlp.github.io/CoreNLP/) And analyzing the sentence structure to determine the structure of the main and predicate guest or the main system table.
(3) And calculating the external appearance attitude and the internal hiding attitude, and measuring the external appearance attitude and the internal hiding attitude of each statement set.
Given a pair of concepts CiAnd Cj(e.g., floral-worm) and a pair of attributes ApAnd AqDefinition of CwiAnd CwjAre respectively concept CiAnd CjThe concept vocabulary set of (E), EwiAnd EwjAre respectively concept CiAnd CjExample vocabulary set of (Aw)pAnd AwqAre respectively an attribute ApAnd AqThe property vocabulary set of (1).
For a statement set S of a given group, the invention firstly classifies the sentences according to concept vocabularies and attribute vocabularies contained in the sentences so as to enable the sentences to be classified
Representing four sets of statements, the sentences in these sets containing one sentence from the set Cw at a timei/Cwj/Ewi/EwjAnd a concept vocabulary or example vocabulary from the attribute set Awp∪AwqIs a vocabulary of properties, i.e., SCw_iThe representation includes a set Cw of concept wordsiA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set; sCw_jThe representation includes a set Cw of concept wordsjA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set; sEw_iThe representation includes a word from the example word set EwiA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set; sEw_jThe representation includes a word from the example word set EwjAnd a statement set of sentences of words from the vocabulary of the attribute word set. As explained above in the present invention, the set of statements SCw_i，SCw_j，SEw_i，SEw_jFor measuring concepts CiExternal attitude of (2) with respect to concept CjExternal attitude of (2) with respect to concept CiAnd about concept CjIs hidden.
Specifically, the explicit attitude deviation and the implicit attitude deviation are calculated by the following formulas:
where p (S) represents the sentiment score of statement S, which may be statement set SCw_i，SCw_j，SEw_i，SEw_jIs particularly stated by S ∈ SCw_j，s∈SCw_i，s∈SEw_j，s∈SEw_iTo determine that the emotion scores are set to +1, 0, and-1 respectively for positiveEmotions, neutral and negative emotions.
Calculating the emotion score:
chinese sentences obtain emotion scores through a Baidu emotion analysis API (http:// ai. baidu. com/tech/nlp/sensing _ classify);
english sentence passing Stanford tool (https://stanfordnlp.github.io/CoreNLP/) To obtain an emotion score.
Study materials:
by selecting 4 different corpora (Chinese Wikipedia, English Wikipedia, Chinese microblog, English twitter) for experiment, firstly, the explicit attitude and the implicit attitude on the 4 corpora are evaluated, and then, the evolution of the explicit attitude and the implicit attitude on the Chinese microblog and English twitter corpora is analyzed.
1. Static evaluation of exo-and endo-aspects
4 different corpora are selected, relating to different languages and media, and are respectively tested. Table 1 describes the statistical results of different corpora. Four pairs of concept pairs which have proved to be prejudiced by groups of people in psychological experiments are selected for experiments, including: insect vs. flowers (instrument vs. flower), Weapon vs. musical instrument (weather vs. instrument), black man vs. white (Afro-American vs. euro-American), and chinese vs. us (China vs. American).
Table 1: statistical results of different predictions
| Media type | English language | Chinese character |
| Official text | Wikipedia: 99M | Wikipedia: 7M |
| Informal text | Twitter: 100M | Microblog: 77M |
Fig. 2 depicts experimental results on selected corpus and concept pairs, and from these results there are 4 main findings:
(1) the general differences are as follows: there were significant differences in the implicit and explicit attitude deviations, and these differences were consistent with the typical psychological experimental reports: flowers are more active than insects; musical instruments are more aggressive than weapons; the white name is more recent than the black name associated with positive attributes.
(2) In terms of concept: compared with the non-social concept (flower-worm, musical instrument-weapon), the difference between the implicit attitude deviation and the explicit attitude deviation is more obvious on the social concept (black-white, china-usa).
(3) In terms of scenes: for social concept pairs, implicit and explicit biases in social media are closer than in wikipedia.
(4) In terms of language (culture): on both english corpuses, the explicit and implicit attitudes with respect to "black-white" have opposite polarities (which is consistent with the report of implicit association test), but this phenomenon does not appear on chinese corpuses. Similarly, there is relative polarity for explicit and implicit attitudes in "china-usa", but not in english corpus.
These observations, described above, are consistent with classical psychological studies. Further, these results are also consistent with the assumptions in classical psychology regarding implicit cognition: the difference between implicit and explicit attitudes can be explained by the bias of social expectations.
2. Dynamic evaluation of exo-and endo-aspects
Another advantage of the present invention over traditional psychology methods is the ability to dynamically evaluate the evolution of exo-attitudes and endo-attitudes. In the experiment, the corpus data was divided by month, and a total of 36 months of data was included. Fig. 3 and 4 depict the evolutionary trends in twitter and microblog corpora for the exo-attitudes and the endo-attitudes of four pairs of concept pairs, respectively. Fig. 5 is an experimental result on the stability of both endo-attitude and exo-attitude. Stability is the standard deviation of attitude over time.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for automatically measuring the exo-attitudes and endo-attitudes of a population by using speech information, which comprises the following steps:
step one, defining a concept vocabulary set, an example vocabulary set and an attribute vocabulary set by simulating concepts, examples and attributes in an explicit self-evaluation report and an implicit association test in psychology;
finding out statements containing the concept vocabularies, the attribute vocabularies and the attribute vocabularies in the social media corpus of the given group to form a statement set of the given group according to the given concept vocabulary set, the example vocabulary set and the attribute vocabulary set; finding a set of statement forming statements 1 containing the concept vocabulary and the attribute vocabulary in a set of statements of a given population, finding a set of statement forming statements 2 containing the example vocabulary and the attribute vocabulary in a set of statements of a given population;
and thirdly, calculating the emotion score of each statement in the statement set 1 and the statement set 2 respectively through an emotion analysis tool, taking the average emotion score of the statement set 1 as the quantitative representation of the bias of the external attitude degree, taking the average emotion score of the statement set 2 as the quantitative representation of the bias of the internal attitude degree, and realizing the measurement of the external attitude degree and the internal attitude degree of the population.
2. The method for automatically measuring the exoattitudes and the endo attitudes of a population by using speech information as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the meaning of said concept vocabulary set is the vocabulary naming the concept and its synonyms; the meaning of the example vocabulary set is to include the vocabulary that constitutes the given concept; the meaning of the set of attribute words is to include words that can express the meaning of a given attitude attribute.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step two, the statement comprises a predicate element or a predicate table structure, and the predicate element or the predicate table structure is determined by analyzing a sentence structure with a Stanford syntax analysis tool.
4. The method for automatically measuring the exoattitudes and the endo attitudes of a population by using speech information as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step three, for the statement in Chinese, the emotion analysis tool is Baidu emotion analysis API; for statements in English, the sentiment analysis tool is a Stanford syntax analysis tool.
5. The method for automatically measuring the exoattitudes and the endo-attitudes of a population according to claim 1, wherein the detailed contents of step two are as follows:
given a pair of concepts CiAnd CjAnd a pair of attributes ApAnd AqDefinition of CwiAnd CwjAre respectively concept CiAnd CjThe concept vocabulary set of (E), EwiAnd EwjAre respectively concept CiAnd CjExample vocabulary set of (Aw)pAnd AwqAre respectively an attribute ApAnd AqThe attribute vocabulary set of (2);
given a set of statements of a group as S, first the sentences in the set of statements S are consideredThe concept vocabulary and the attribute vocabulary are contained, and the sentences are classified and ordered
Representing four sets of statements, the sentences in these sets of statements simultaneously containing one statement from set Cwi/Cwj/Ewi/EwjAnd a concept vocabulary or example vocabulary from the attribute set Awp∪AwqThe vocabulary of attributes of (a), i.e.,
SCw_ithe representation includes a set Cw of concept wordsiA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set;
SCw_jthe representation includes a set Cw of concept wordsjA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set;
SEw_ithe representation includes a word from the example word set EwiA statement set consisting of the words in (1) and sentences of a word from the attribute word set;
SEw_jthe representation includes a word from the example word set EwjAnd a statement set of sentences of words from the vocabulary of the attribute word set.
6. The method for automatically measuring the exoattitudes and the endo-attitudes of a population according to claim 5, wherein the detailed contents of step three are as follows:
set of statements SCw_i，SCw_j，SEw_i，SEw_jFor measuring about concept C, respectivelyiExternal attitude of (2) with respect to concept CjExternal attitude of (2) with respect to concept CiAnd about concept CjThe implicit attitude of (2);
explicit attitude deviation ExplicitBias (C)i,Cj,Ap,Aq) And implicit State deviation ImplicititBias (C)i,Cj,Ap,Aq) Respectively according to the following formulasAnd (3) calculating:
wherein p (S) represents a set of statements SCw_i，SCw_j，SEw_i，SEw_jWith the sentiment score set to +1, 0, -1 indicating positive, neutral and negative sentiments, respectively.
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