CN110851985B - Electromagnetic wave polarization judgment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
An electromagnetic wave polarization judging method comprises the following implementation steps: (1) Two-dimensional vector antenna receives x-y direction electric field signal E x (n)、E y (n); (2) receiving signals and simultaneously selecting four continuous sampling points; (3) Sampling points meeting certain conditions are selected for triangular transformation, and the amplitude of the electric field component can be estimatedAnd(4) Selecting sampling points meeting certain conditions for analysis, firstly judging the rotation direction of electromagnetic waves, and then estimating the phase difference(5) From amplitude and phase difference estimatesThe polarization characteristics of the incident electromagnetic wave can be determined. The invention can realize the estimation of the polarization characteristic of any electromagnetic wave vertically incident, and the calculation is carried out in the real number domain, so that the calculation complexity is low, and the invention can be used in the technical field of polarization modulation in wireless communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polarization modulation in wireless communication, in particular to a method for estimating polarization characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves of a two-dimensional vector antenna.
Background
The traditional digital modulation technology uses electromagnetic wave amplitude, frequency or phase to carry baseband information, and polarization modulation is a novel digital modulation mode, namely, uses different polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves to carry different baseband information. One key element in the polar modulation technique is the estimation of the polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves by the receiver. Existing electromagnetic wave polarization estimation generally adopts a two-dimensional vector antenna, and assuming that electromagnetic waves are incident from normal, polarization characteristic estimation only estimates whether the electromagnetic waves are circularly polarized or linearly polarized, whether the electromagnetic waves are left-hand or right-hand polarized, and does not estimate the exact characteristics of the polarization. In polar modulation, electromagnetic waves have different characteristics, and it is necessary to estimate arbitrary polarization characteristics including linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. In addition, although there are also methods for estimating arbitrary polarization characteristics, the estimation method tends to perform a large number of complex operations, which are not realized by engineering. Therefore, for the two-dimensional vector antenna, under the condition of normal incidence of electromagnetic waves, a brand new estimation method based on real number domain is adopted, and the estimation of any polarization characteristic of the electromagnetic waves is realized through a simple algebraic operation mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to rapidly estimate any polarization characteristic of normally incident electromagnetic waves through a two-dimensional vector antenna. The method for solving the technical problem is an electromagnetic wave polarization judgment method, which comprises the following implementation steps:
(1) Establishing a space rectangular coordinate system XOY, wherein randomly polarized electromagnetic waves vertically enter an XOY plane; the receiving antenna of the electromagnetic wave is a two-dimensional vector antenna, the vector antenna is composed of two mutually perpendicular linear polarized antennas, the polarization directions of the two linear polarized antennas are respectively overlapped with x and y coordinate axes, and the feed points of the two antennas are both positioned at the origin of coordinates; the two linearly polarized antennas receive a signal of known magnitude, which can be expressed asE xm 、E ym Receiving the electric field amplitude in the x and y directions respectively, < >>Receiving the initial phase of the electric field in x and y directions respectively, < >>Is the phase difference, ω is the signal frequency, T s Is the sampling period; wherein ω and T s Is a known quantity, E xm 、E ym 、/>Is the quantity to be estimated;
(2) Respectively selecting four continuous sampling points from the sampling sequences of the antennas in the x and y directions, namely E x (n 1 )、E x (n 2 )、E x (n 3 )、E x (n 4 )、E y (n 1 )、E y (n 2 )、E y (n 3 )、E y (n 4 ) Wherein n is i -n i-1 ＝1，i＝2,3,4；
(3) Amplitude E xm 、E ym The estimation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
the first step: judgment E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) Whether or not it is 0, if E x (n i ) =0, i=1, 2,3,4, thenThe signal is linearly polarized in the y-direction; if E y (n i ) =0, i=1, 2,3,4, then +.>The signal is linearly polarized in the x direction, and polarization estimation is finished;
and a second step of: if E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) All are not 0, a serial number m=n is taken from the sampling point i I=1, 2,3, such that E x (m) and E y (m) neither is 0, there is a definition of the sampling signal
From the integration sum-difference formula and the trigonometric transformation, equations (1) - (4) can be found:
and a third step of: taking equations (5) and (6) into equations (1) and (3), respectively, to obtain an amplitude estimation value
(4) The phase difference eta estimation method comprises the following steps:
the first step: judgment E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) Whether or not it is 0, if E x (n i ) =0, i=1, 2,3,4, thenThe signal is linearly polarized in the y-direction; if E y (n i ) =0, i=1, 2,3,4, then +.>The signal being x-direction linear polarizationThe polarization estimation is ended;
and a second step of: if E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) All are not 0, a serial number m=n is taken from the sampling point i I=1, 2,3, such that E x (m) and E y (m) is not 0, and is obtained by subtracting (6) from (5):
taking the proper integer k to make
And a third step of: if it isThe electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized; and if point [ E ] x (m),E y (m)]In the first, third quadrant, the phase difference estimate +.>If->And point [ E ] x (m),E y (m)]In the second, four quadrants, the phase difference estimateEnding the polarization estimation;
fourth step: if it isSelecting two adjacent sampling points, wherein the value of the sampling points is p in the XOY coordinate system 1 And p 2 ，p 1 ＝[E x (m),E y (m)]p 2 ＝[E x (m+1),E y (m+1)]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Note Δx=e x (m+1)-E x (m) linking p 1 And p 2 Forming a straight line, and recording the intersection point of the straight line and y as y 0 Will p 1 And p 2 The linear equation ax+by+1=0 can be solved
According to Deltax and y 0 The rotation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be judged; if y 0 The polarity of the electromagnetic wave is the same as that of the Deltax, and the electromagnetic wave is dextrorotation electromagnetic wave; if y 0 The polarity of the electromagnetic wave is opposite to that of the Deltax, and the electromagnetic wave is a left-handed electromagnetic wave;
fifth step: since the phase difference of the left-handed electromagnetic wave should be in the (0, pi) range and the phase difference of the right-handed electromagnetic wave should be in the (pi, 2 pi) range, the phase difference estimated value is obtained according to the fourth step polarization rotation direction judgment result if the phase difference is the right-handed electromagnetic waveIf left-handed electromagnetic wave, phase difference estimation value +.>
(5) From amplitude and phase difference estimatesThe polarization characteristics of the incident electromagnetic wave can be determined.
The invention has the beneficial effects that by adopting the two-dimensional vector antenna and the signal processing of the received signal, the random polarization characteristic of the incident electromagnetic wave can be rapidly estimated in the real number domain, thereby being convenient for engineering realization. The invention can be applied to the technical field of polar modulation of wireless communication.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method for determining polarization characteristics of an incident electromagnetic wave;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional vector antenna;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of signal incidence;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rotational decision.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In the case that electromagnetic waves are known to be perpendicularly incident, the polarization characteristics of the electromagnetic waves can be rapidly estimated by using a two-dimensional vector antenna, and the overall implementation steps are shown in fig. 1. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) Establishing a space rectangular coordinate system XOY, wherein randomly polarized electromagnetic waves vertically enter an XOY plane; the receiving antenna of the electromagnetic wave is a two-dimensional vector antenna, as shown in fig. 2, the vector antenna is composed of two mutually perpendicular linear polarized antennas, the polarization directions of the two linear polarized antennas are respectively overlapped with x and y coordinate axes, and the feed points of the two antennas are both positioned at the origin of coordinates; the two linearly polarized antennas receive a signal of known magnitude, which can be expressed asE xm 、E ym Receiving the electric field amplitude in the x and y directions respectively, < >>Receiving the initial phase of the electric field in x and y directions respectively, < >>Is the phase difference, ω is the signal frequency, T s Is the sampling period; wherein ω and T s Is a known quantity, E xm 、E ym 、/>Is the quantity to be estimated;
(2) As shown in fig. 3, electromagnetic waves are perpendicularly incident on a two-dimensional vector antenna; respectively selecting four continuous sampling points from the sampling sequences of the antennas in the x and y directions, namely E x (n 1 )、E x (n 2 )、E x (n 3 )、E x (n 4 )、E y (n 1 )、E y (n 2 )、E y (n 3 )、E y (n 4 ) Wherein n is i -n i-1 ＝1(i＝2,3,4)；
(3) Amplitude E xm 、E ym The estimation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
the first step: judgment E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) Whether (i=1, 2,3, 4) is 0, if E x (n i ) =0 (i=1, 2,3, 4), thenThe signal is linearly polarized in the y-direction; if E y (n i ) =0 (i=1, 2,3, 4), then +.>The signal is linearly polarized in the x direction, and polarization estimation is finished;
and a second step of: if E x (n i ) And E is y (n i )(i＝1 , 2,3 , 4) All are not 0, take m=n i (i=1, 2, 3) such that E x (m) and E y (m) neither is 0, there is a definition of the sampling signal
Handle typeFrom the integration sum-difference formula and the trigonometric transformation, it can be found:
and a third step of: will be described inRespectively carry in->Obtaining an amplitude estimation value
(4) The phase difference eta estimation method comprises the following steps:
the first step: judgment E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) Whether (i=1, 2,3, 4) is 0, if E x (n i ) =0 (i=1, 2,3, 4), thenThe signal is linearly polarized in the y-direction; if E y (n i ) =0 (i=1, 2,3, 4), then +.>The signal is linearly polarized in the x direction, and polarization estimation is finished;
and a second step of: if E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) (i=1, 2,3, 4) are not all 0, taking m=n i (i=1, 2, 3) such that E x (m) and E y (m) are not 0, consist ofReduce->Obtaining:
taking the proper integer k to make
And a third step of: if it isThe electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized; and if point [ E ] x (m),E y (m)]In the first, third quadrant, the phase difference estimate +.>If->And point [ E ] x (m),E y (m)]In the second, four quadrants, the phase difference estimateEnding the polarization estimation;
fourth step: if it isSelecting two adjacent sampling points, wherein the value of the sampling points is p in the XOY coordinate system 1 And p 2 ，p 1 ＝[E x (m),E y (m)]p 2 ＝[E x (m+1),E y (m+1)]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Note Δx=e x (m+1)-E x (m) linking p 1 And p 2 Forming a straight line, and recording the intersection point of the straight line and y as y 0 Will p 1 And p 2 The linear equation ax+by+1=0 can be solved
As shown in fig. 4, according to Δx and y 0 The rotation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be judged; if y 0 The polarity of the electromagnetic wave is the same as that of the Deltax, and the electromagnetic wave is dextrorotation electromagnetic wave; if y 0 The polarity of the electromagnetic wave is opposite to that of the Deltax, and the electromagnetic wave is a left-handed electromagnetic wave;
fifth step: since the phase difference of the left-handed electromagnetic wave should be in the (0, pi) range and the phase difference of the right-handed electromagnetic wave should be in the (pi, 2 pi) range, the phase difference estimated value is obtained according to the fourth step polarization rotation direction judgment result if the phase difference is the right-handed electromagnetic waveIf left-handed electromagnetic wave, phase difference estimation value +.>
(5) From amplitude and phase difference estimatesThe polarization characteristics of the incident electromagnetic wave can be determined.
The invention can realize the estimation of the polarization characteristic of any electromagnetic wave vertically incident, and the calculation is carried out in the real number domain, so that the calculation complexity is low, and the invention can be used in the technical field of polarization modulation in wireless communication.
Claims (1)
1. An electromagnetic wave polarization judging method comprises the following implementation steps:
(1) Establishing a space rectangular coordinate system XOY, wherein randomly polarized electromagnetic waves vertically enter an XOY plane; the receiving antenna of the electromagnetic wave is a two-dimensional vector antenna, the vector antenna is composed of two mutually perpendicular linear polarized antennas, the polarization directions of the two linear polarized antennas are respectively overlapped with x and y coordinate axes, and the feed points of the two antennas are both positioned at the origin of coordinates; the two linearly polarized antennas receive a signal of known magnitude, which can be expressed asE xm 、E ym Receiving the electric field amplitude in the x and y directions respectively, < >>Receiving the initial phase of the electric field in x and y directions respectively, < >>Is the phase difference, ω is the signal frequency, T s Is the sampling period; wherein ω and T s Is a known quantity, E xm 、E ym 、/>Is the quantity to be estimated;
(2) Respectively selecting four continuous sampling points from the sampling sequences of the antennas in the x and y directions, namely E x (n 1 )、E x (n 2 )、E x (n 3 )、E x (n 4 )、E y (n 1 )、E y (n 2 )、E y (n 3 )、E y (n 4 ) Wherein n is i -n i-1 ＝1，i＝2,3,4；
(3) Amplitude E xm 、E ym The estimation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
the first step: judgment E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) Whether or not it is 0, if E x (n i ) =0, i=1, 2,3,4, thenThe signal is linearly polarized in the y-direction; if E y (n i ) =0, i=1, 2,3,4, then +.>The signal is linearly polarized in the x direction, and polarization estimation is finished;
and a second step of: if E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) All are not 0, a serial number m=n is taken from the sampling point i I=1, 2,3, such that E x (m) and E y (m) neither is 0, there is a definition of the sampling signal
From the integration sum-difference formula and the trigonometric transformation, equations (1) - (4) can be found:
and a third step of: taking equations (5) and (6) into equations (1) and (3), respectively, to obtain an amplitude estimation value
(4) The phase difference eta estimation method comprises the following steps:
the first step: judgment E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) Whether or not it is 0, if E x (n i ) =0, i=1, 2,3,4, thenThe signal is linearly polarized in the y-direction; if E y (n i ) =0, i=1, 2,3,4, then +.>The signal is linearly polarized in the x direction, and polarization estimation is finished;
and a second step of: if E x (n i ) And E is y (n i ) All are not 0, a serial number m=n is taken from the sampling point i I=1, 2,3, such that E x (m) and E y (m) is not 0, and is obtained by subtracting (6) from (5):
taking the proper integer k to make
And a third step of: if it isThe electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized; and if point [ E ] x (m),E y (m)]In the first, third quadrant, the phase difference estimate +.>If->And point [ E ] x (m),E y (m)]In the second, four quadrants, the phase difference estimate +.>Ending the polarization estimation;
fourth step: if it isSelecting two adjacent sampling points, wherein the value of the sampling points is p in the XOY coordinate system 1 And p 2 ，p 1 ＝[E x (m),E y (m)], p 2 ＝[E x (m+1),E y (m+1)]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Note Δx=e x (m+1)-E x (m) linking p 1 And p 2 Forming a straight line, and recording the intersection point of the straight line and y as y 0 Will p 1 And p 2 The linear equation ax+by+1=0 can be solved
According to Deltax and y 0 The rotation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be judged; if y 0 The polarity of the electromagnetic wave is the same as that of the Deltax, and the electromagnetic wave is dextrorotation electromagnetic wave; if y 0 The polarity of the electromagnetic wave is opposite to that of the Deltax, and the electromagnetic wave is a left-handed electromagnetic wave;
fifth step: since the phase difference of the left-handed electromagnetic wave should be in the (0, pi) range and the phase difference of the right-handed electromagnetic wave should be in the (pi, 2 pi) range, the phase difference estimated value is obtained according to the fourth step polarization rotation direction judgment result if the phase difference is the right-handed electromagnetic waveIf left-handed electromagnetic wave, phase difference estimation value +.>
(5) From amplitude and phase difference estimatesThe polarization characteristics of the incident electromagnetic wave can be determined.
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