CN1108512C - Underwater displacement measuring method and equipment - Google Patents

Underwater displacement measuring method and equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1108512C
CN1108512C CN99123734A CN99123734A CN1108512C CN 1108512 C CN1108512 C CN 1108512C CN 99123734 A CN99123734 A CN 99123734A CN 99123734 A CN99123734 A CN 99123734A CN 1108512 C CN1108512 C CN 1108512C
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sensor
electrode
displacement
power
working
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CN1252519A (en
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李天勇
丛滨
连明华
卢琰琰
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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Abstract

The present invention provides an underwater displacement measuring method and measuring equipment thereof. The method adopts a water medium as a resistor for measuring the underwater displacement of measured objects by measuring the change of water resistance between the measured objects. The measuring equipment comprises a carrier generator, an adjustable power amplification current stabilization circuit, a sensor, a power follower, a precise full-wave detector, a four-pole low energy filter and a shielding cable. The characteristic of a sensitive element is linearized through the special design of the sensor. The present invention has the advantages of high measuring precision, stable working state and simple use, and is especially suitable for the underwater displacement measurement of the objects for the sensor with a small placing space.

Description

Underwater displacement measuring method and measurement mechanism thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to displacement measurement method and displacement measuring device, be specifically related to a kind of underwater displacement measuring method and measurement mechanism thereof.
Background technology
Nuclear fuel reactor plank model component is combined by multilayer nuclear fuel plate, in order to guarantee the security of newly-designed fuel assembly for nuclear reactor, must carry out the hydraulic simulation experiment to fuel assembly, to determine that amplitude in the design conditions lower plate is less than ratings.Stream at the nuclear fuel plank model component causes in the vibration experiment, need measure the dynamic displacement of fuel plate in current, because the spacing between fuel assembly plate and the plate is the millimeter level, and the layout of parts is generally all very compact in the reactor, very little for the space of placing sensor, measure the dynamic displacement of each plate, just require that the underwater displacement measuring method is reliable and stable, the sensor own vol is very little, highly sensitive.Methods such as general mechanical effect method, machinery-electronic method, electromagnetic distance measurement all are not suitable for the displacement measurement under water little space, and general mechano-electronic class sensor bulk is big, has Mechanical Contact, and sensitivity and precision are lower; The magnetic-type sensor bulk is big, is difficult to be installed on narrow space.What relatively be fit to little space mounting is capacitance type sensor, it is big that it has measurement range, highly sensitive, dynamic response time is short, mechanical loss is little, advantage of simple structure, as the capacitance type sensor of being mentioned in one piece of document in 1991 the 2nd phases " sensor technology " " noncontact range sensor technology summary ", but also there is following deficiency in capacitance type sensor: stray capacitance (referring to connect the leakage capacitance of the lead and the sensor itself of capacitor plate) influence is bigger, has reduced measurement sensitivity; Certain non-linear output is arranged, make sensor be in unsettled duty; Working sensor is under water the time, and its pole plate is very strict with the waterproof requirement that is connected lead, makes quite difficulty of work.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measuring accuracy height, stable working state that is suitable under water with little space, use simple underwater displacement measuring method and measurement mechanism thereof.
To achieve these goals, underwater displacement measuring method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(I) sensor that has working electrode and guard electrode is placed an end A of the tested displacement of water, working sensor electrode and guard electrode are towards other end B, B holds ground connection, be instrument ground, as A, when the B two ends are subjected to displacement, its space change is installed with an end A of sensor and the water resistance between the other end B and changes;
(II) utilize carrier generator to send a frequency and be f cCarrier wave and after power-adjustable amplifies current stabilization circuit, form with the high-frequency ac power steady current is added on the working electrode of sensor, working electrode is exported an ac voltage signal U, this signal after the power following device is followed, produce one with the big or small signal U identical of U with phase place 1, and U 1Be added on the sensor protection electrode, make sensor protection electrode and working sensor electrode equipotential;
(III) variation of water resistance causes the variation of output voltage U, and signal U gets off vibration signal demodulation from the carrier wave after the detection of precise full-wave detection device, promptly obtains reflecting the voltage signal U of testee relative displacement 0
(IV) according to the relation of relative displacement d and voltage U = I σ S d , Wherein I is the output current of constant current source, and σ is the resistivity of aqueous medium, and S is the useful area of sensor, is oneself value of knowing, thereby by U 0Obtain the underwater displacement d of testee 0
Underwater displacement measurement mechanism of the present invention comprises that the carrier generator of connecting successively by lead, power-adjustable amplify current stabilization circuit, power following device, precise full-wave detection device, four pole lowpass wave filters and amplify the sensor that current stabilization circuit, power following device link to each other by shielded cable and power-adjustable; Described sensor comprises a working electrode and a guard electrode, and described sensor is placed an end A of the tested displacement of water, and working sensor electrode and guard electrode are towards other end B.
The principle of underwater displacement measuring method of the present invention is to adopt aqueous medium to make resistance, measures the underwater displacement of testee by the variation of measuring water resistance between the two articles.When the position of testee changes, the amount of water also changes, it is the change in size that the change in location of testee causes sensor electrical interpolar aqueous medium, cause water resistance to change, the variation of water resistance causes the variation of output voltage, under the excitation of high-frequency ac power, and output voltage signal, through detection, filtering, promptly obtain the voltage signal of corresponding testee relative displacement.According to the relative displacement d after the linear sensorization and the relation of output voltage U, promptly U = I σ S d The relation of (I is the output current of constant current source, and σ is the resistivity of aqueous medium, and S is the useful area of sensor), thereby the relative displacement under water of measuring testee.
The principle of work of measurement mechanism of the present invention is: the frequency of being sent by carrier generator is f cCarrier wave after power-adjustable amplifies current stabilization circuit; form with the high-frequency ac power steady current is added on the working electrode of sensor; produce an ac voltage signal U; this signal is after the power following device is followed; produce a signal identical with phase place and be added on the sensor protection electrode, make sensor protection electrode and working sensor electrode equipotential with the U size.Signal U gets off vibration signal demodulation from the carrier wave after the detection of precise full-wave detection device, and behind four pole lowpass wave filters, output signal is for demarcating displacement; This signal also can be exported another signal through the low temperature filter process of 20dB gain, can further revise displacement.
Because the present invention adopts resistance measurement method, resistance value is less, and interference voltage value of induction is also less on it, so the measuring accuracy height; The present invention becomes sensor design the structure of band guard electrode, near the working sensor electrode, form the electric field of a local uniform, realized the linearization of sensitive element, eliminated the influence of far field boundary condition, the power of sensor antijamming capability, be directly connected to the accuracy of test data and the stability of instrument, under the effect of sensor protection electrode, make near the uniform electric field that forms a part of measuring point, external disturbance is difficult for entering, and in transmission course, cable shield and output impedance only several ohm power following device link to each other, extremely strong antijamming capability is arranged, so stable working state; Pole plate of the present invention is not strict especially with the waterproof requirement that is connected lead, and directly places sensor one end of tested displacement to get final product in use, so use simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the square frame connection diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the placement synoptic diagram of sensor of the present invention when measuring.
Among the figure, 1. the internal shield 12. heart yearns 13. working electrodes 14. guard electrodes 15. insulation course 16.17. of carrier generator 2. power-adjustables amplification current stabilization circuit 3. sensors 4. power following devices 5. precise full-wave detection devices 6. 4 pole lowpass wave filters 7. 20dB low-pass filters 8. carry-out bit shifting signals 9. output displacement corrected signals 10. shielded cables 11. shielded cables are respectively 20. liang of sheet separation 21. external shielding layers of the sensor first and second lead-in wire 18.19. fuel slabs
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, measurement mechanism of the present invention comprises carrier generator 1, the four pole lowpass wave filters 6 that power-adjustable amplifies current stabilization circuit 2, power following device 4, precise full-wave detection device 5, exportable displacement signal 8 and the sensor 3 that links to each other by shielded cable 10 and power-adjustable amplification current stabilization circuit 2, power following device 4 of connecting successively by lead.Shielded cable 10 is the double layer screen cable.Sensor 3 has a working electrode 13 and a guard electrode 14.Sensor 3 shown in Figure 2 is the conductor of sheet type structure; it comprises the working electrode 13 and the guard electrode 14 that links to each other with power following device 4 by sensor second lead-in wire 17 and shielded cable 10 that link to each other with power-adjustable amplification current stabilization circuit 2, power following device 4 by sensor first lead-in wire 16 and shielded cable 10; working electrode 13 places the inside of guard electrode 14, and described working electrode 13 and guard electrode 14 are fixed on the sensor insulation course 15.One end of the heart yearn 12 of shielding wire 10 amplifies current stabilization circuit 2 by lead and power-adjustable and links to each other with power following device 4; the other end is connected with sensor first lead-in wire 16; thereby link to each other with working sensor electrode 13; one end of the internal shield 11 of shielded cable 10 links to each other with power following device 4 by lead; the other end links to each other with sensor protection electrode 14 by sensor second lead-in wire 17, external shielding layer 21 ground connection (instrument).Sensor first and second lead-in wire 16,17 passes sensor insulation course 15 from working sensor electrode 13 and sensor protection electrode 14 respectively and draws.Back at four pole lowpass wave filters 6 also can be connected with 20dB low-pass filter 7, and 20dB low-pass filter 7 exportable displacement correction signals 9 are to do further to revise to displacement signal 8.
During measurement; sensor 3 is placed the two ends of the tested displacement of water; as measure the relative displacement between the two briquette fuel plates 18,19 in the reactor; at this moment fuel slab 18 is equivalent to the A end; fuel slab 19 is equivalent to the B end; sensor 3 has first and second lead-in wires, 16,17 one side to be attached on one of them plate 18 in two plates, and working sensor electrode 13 and guard electrode 14 be towards another plate 19, plate 19 ground connection (instrument ground).When 18,19 liang of plates were subjected to displacement, the gap 20 between two plates was changed, and the water resistance between working sensor electrode 13 and the fuel slab also changes, and the variation of water resistance causes the variation of output voltage; Sending a frequency by carrier generator 1 is f cCarrier wave after power-adjustable amplifies current stabilization circuit 2, form with high-frequency ac power steady current (the sinusoidal wave constant current source of 19KHz) is added on the working sensor electrode 13, produce an ac voltage signal U, this signal is delivered to power following device 4 after amplifying, deliver to working sensor electrode 13 through the heart yearn 12 of screened cable 10, sensor first lead-in wire 16 simultaneously, the signal U of one of power following device 4 output and input signal U homophase constant amplitude 1, this signal U 1Internal shield 11, sensor second lead-in wire 17 through shielded cable 10 are delivered to sensor protection electrode 14, make sensor protection electrode 14 and working sensor electrode 13 equipotentials; Signal of power following device 4 outputs simultaneously is to precise full-wave detection device 5, signal after the detection is delivered to 6 filtering of four pole lowpass wave filters, carry-out bit shifting signal 8, for demarcating displacement, this signal also can be handled output displacement corrected signal 9 through 2 pole lowpass wave filters 7 of 20dB gain, can further revise displacement, signal U gets off vibration signal demodulation from the carrier wave after the detection of precise full-wave detection device, promptly obtains reflecting the voltage signal U of testee relative displacement 0, according to the relation of displacement and voltage U = I σ S d (I is the output current of constant current source, and σ is the resistivity of aqueous medium, and S is the useful area of sensor, is given value), thereby by U 0Obtain the underwater displacement d of testee 0, show to be exactly the relative displacement distance of fuel slab 18,19 through Displaying Meter, thereby measure the underwater displacement of fuel slab.
The inventive method is reliable, frequency response is wide, the measurement mechanism range is big, highly sensitive, dynamic and static state all can be measured, be particularly suitable for sensor and lay the underwater displacement measurement of the very little object in space, use simple, can be widely used in vibration, the motion of immersed body, measure as the underwater displacement of the occasions such as vibration of reactor parts, civilian steam generator pipe.

Claims (4)

1. the measuring method of a underwater displacement is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
(I) sensor that has working electrode and guard electrode is placed an end A of the tested displacement of water, working sensor electrode and guard electrode are towards other end B, B holds ground connection, be instrument ground, as A, when the B two ends are subjected to displacement, its space change is installed with an end A of sensor and the water resistance between the other end B and changes;
(II) utilize carrier generator to send a frequency and be f cCarrier wave and after power-adjustable amplifies current stabilization circuit, form with the high-frequency ac power steady current is added on the working electrode of sensor, working electrode produces an ac voltage signal U, this signal after the power following device is followed, produce one with the big or small signal U identical of U with phase place 1, and U 1Be added on the sensor protection electrode, make sensor protection electrode and working sensor electrode equipotential;
(III) variation of water resistance causes the variation of output voltage U, and signal U gets off vibration signal demodulation from the carrier wave after the detection of precise full-wave detection device, promptly obtains reflecting the voltage signal U of testee relative displacement 0
(IV) according to the relation of relative displacement d and voltage U = I σ S d , Wherein, I is the output current of constant current source, and σ is the resistivity of aqueous medium, and s is the useful area of sensor, is given value, thereby by U 0Obtain the underwater displacement d of testee 0
2. underwater displacement measurement mechanism that is used for the described method of claim 1; it is characterized in that: it comprises the carrier generator (1) of connecting successively by lead; power-adjustable amplifies current stabilization circuit (2); power following device (4); precise full-wave detection device (5); four pole lowpass wave filters (6) and amplify current stabilization circuit (2) by shielding wire (10) and power-adjustable; the sensor (3) that power following device (4) links to each other; described sensor (3) has a working electrode (13) and a guard electrode (14); described sensor (3) is placed an end A of the tested displacement of water, and working sensor electrode (13) and guard electrode (14) are towards other end B.
3. underwater displacement measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 2; it is characterized in that: described sensor (3) is the conductor of sheet type structure; it comprises one by sensor first lead-in wire (16) and shielded cable (10) and power-adjustable amplification current stabilization circuit (2); a working electrode (13) that power following device (4) links to each other and a guard electrode (14) that links to each other with power following device (4) by sensor second lead-in wire (17) and shielded cable (10); working electrode (13) places the inside of guard electrode (14), and described working electrode (13) and guard electrode (14) are fixed on the sensor insulation course (15).
4. as claim 2 or 3 described underwater displacement measurement mechanisms, it is characterized in that: also be connected with 20dB low temperature wave filter (7) in the back of described four pole lowpass wave filters (6); Shielding wire (10) is the double layer screen electric wire.
CN99123734A 1999-11-18 1999-11-18 Underwater displacement measuring method and equipment Expired - Lifetime CN1108512C (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN99123734A CN1108512C (en) 1999-11-18 1999-11-18 Underwater displacement measuring method and equipment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101727996B (en) * 2008-10-31 2012-06-27 中国核动力研究设计院 Method for detecting deformation of fuel assembly after irradiation of pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant and implementation device thereof
CN106989687A (en) * 2017-04-27 2017-07-28 安徽理工大学 Country rock method of testing and test system
CN109900197B (en) * 2019-03-14 2021-09-17 王宏英 Adjustable electromagnetic measuring instrument for roller spacing
CN112039511A (en) * 2020-07-17 2020-12-04 中国核电工程有限公司 Proximity switch applied to underwater nuclear irradiation environment

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