CN110849409A - Indoor simulation device and method for wheel rolling frozen and snow covered road surface - Google Patents
Indoor simulation device and method for wheel rolling frozen and snow covered road surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN110849409A CN110849409A CN201911276145.3A CN201911276145A CN110849409A CN 110849409 A CN110849409 A CN 110849409A CN 201911276145 A CN201911276145 A CN 201911276145A CN 110849409 A CN110849409 A CN 110849409A
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Abstract
According to the indoor simulation device and method for the wheel rolling icing and snow covered road surface, the temperature, the humidity and the surface temperature of a test piece of an experiment bin are respectively collected through the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the infrared temperature sensing device, the start and stop of a snow making system are controlled through the control box, and the experiment environment is adjusted to meet the conditions of simulating severe winter driving conditions such as snowfall, freezing rain and the like; finally, starting and stopping the wheel grinding device; the snow making system of the device has the advantages of good refrigeration effect, high cooling speed and capability of reaching-196 ℃; simultaneously, this device can simulate actual driving in-process wheel and roll the road surface for indoor to various quick effective environmental protection snow removing mode and wheel roll road surface back to the road surface skid resistance aassessment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of highways, and particularly relates to an indoor simulation device for a road surface with wheels rolling frozen and accumulated snow.
Background
The causes of ice formation on road surfaces are generally as follows: the road surface is wet and slippery after rain or rain and snow weather, the temperature drops to below 0 ℃ suddenly, and the road surface is frozen; in cloudy and foggy weather, the moisture content of air is high, so that the road surface is wet and smooth, and thin ice can be formed when the air temperature is reduced; snow on the pavement melts in the daytime, and an ice layer is formed on the pavement at low temperature at night; freezing rain: the ice crystals or the snow particles are melted into supercooled water drops through a warm layer with a certain thickness in the descending process and then fall to the ground to be frozen immediately, and the frozen rain ice layer is thick and smooth. In general, freezing rain, rain or snow-in-rain with relatively strong cold air can cause the road surface to be frozen, and is related to high and low altitude temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity, visibility, precipitation and the like.
On the other hand, the snowfall road surface has too much accumulated snow to be handled, and the road surface which forms the compacted ice and snow under the repeated action of vehicles and pedestrians has great influence on the driving safety. The following table shows the traffic accident rate under different road surface conditions:
TABLE 1 traffic accident incidence under different road surface conditions
The accumulated snow and ice on the road surface can reduce the frictional resistance of the road surface, thereby causing traffic accidents. Therefore, how to rapidly and effectively remove snow in an environment-friendly way in snow is a hot spot of current research. The main snow removing method at present removes passive snow removing modes such as manpower, machinery, snow melting agent snow removing and the like, and also has an active snow removing mode: salt self-melting snow pavement, freezing-inhibiting pavement and thermal snow melting technology. Therefore, how to simulate the winter ice and snow environment in a test room has important significance for researching and developing a rapid and effective environment-friendly snow removal mode.
The drum internal connection type frozen road surface indoor traveling machine developed in Japan is used for evaluating the skid resistance of different road surfaces and the influence of different traffic volumes on ice and snow road surfaces so as to judge the spreading and freezing inhibition effect and determine the spreading time and the spreading amount. The device is large in size, high in manufacturing cost and capable of only working indoors, the test cost is high, the device is only limited to evaluating the action effects of different textures and the use effect of the anti-freezing agent, and the freezing inhibition and ice breaking effects of the pavement cannot be evaluated.
The road surface ice breaking simulation tester developed by Changan university can simulate various road surfaces to deform under the action of vehicle load to generate self stress to realize ice breaking and snow melting through indoor ice breaking simulation experiments on different road surfaces. The test device drives the turntable through the motor, the rotating shaft connecting rod connects the turntable and the test trolley to enable the test trolley to slide along the rail in a relative reciprocating motion mode, and the trolley and the fixed position test wheel generate a relative motion mode to generate a rolling effect. The device can not well simulate the digging action of wheels (tires pass through a snow covering layer to contact with the road surface) to provide power in the running process of the actual winter snow-covered road section. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the size of the equipment is large, the cooling rate is low due to the adoption of a compressor and a condenser refrigeration mode, and the time required for the test temperature in the box to be reached is long.
Natural snow is formed by the desublimation of water vapor in the atmosphere, and based on the desublimation, people invented a snowmaker to meet the requirements of ski fields on snow. Mixing water with certain pressure with compressed air, pulverizing the liquid drops by high-speed airflow to form water mist, and crystallizing the water mist at-15 deg.C to form snowflakes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an indoor simulation device and method for a road surface subjected to wheel rolling icing and accumulated snow, which overcome the defects of high cost and long time of the conventional road surface ice breaking simulation tester.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides an indoor simulation device for a road surface with wheels rolling frozen and accumulated snow, which comprises an environment adjusting system, a wheel rolling system and a snow making system, wherein both the wheel rolling system and the snow making system are arranged in the environment adjusting system;
the environment adjusting system comprises a controller box, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an infrared temperature sensing device and an experimental cabin, wherein the temperature sensor, the infrared temperature sensing device and the humidity sensor are all connected with the control box and are arranged in the experimental cabin; the control box is arranged at the outer side of the experiment bin; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are respectively used for collecting the temperature and the humidity of the experimental bin and transmitting the collected temperature and humidity to the control box; the infrared temperature sensing device is used for collecting the surface temperature of the test piece and transmitting the collected surface temperature of the test piece to the control box; the control box is used for controlling the start and stop of the snow making system according to the received temperature, the surface temperature and the humidity of the test piece, and is used for controlling the experiment environment required in the test bin; meanwhile, the control box is used for controlling the start, stop and working modes of the wheel rolling system.
Preferably, the control box further comprises a display screen, a temperature adjusting button, a humidity adjusting button, a rolling frequency adjusting button and a rolling mode adjusting button, and the display screen, the temperature adjusting button, the humidity adjusting button, the rolling frequency adjusting button and the rolling mode adjusting button are all connected with the controller.
Preferably, the wheel milling device comprises a base, a threaded steel bar upright post, a cross beam, an annular track and a driving device, wherein the base is fixed at the bottom of the experiment bin; two twisted steel upright posts are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the base; the free end of each twisted steel upright post is connected with a cross beam; the cross beam is sleeved on the twisted steel upright post, and two ends of the cross beam are respectively fixedly connected with the annular track; two driving devices are arranged on the annular track, and each driving device is connected with one wheel.
Preferably, the driving device comprises a guide wheel, a rotating shaft, a guide member, a jack, a first motor, a wheel stress platform and a front fork, wherein the cross section of the annular track is I-shaped; the guide wheels are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a web plate of the annular track, the guide wheels are sleeved on a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is arranged at the upper end of the guide member; the output shaft of the jack is arranged at the lower end of the guide member; the base of the jack is arranged on the wheel stress platform; the wheels are connected with the wheel stress platform through the front forks; the first motor is arranged in a steel ring of the wheel, and an output shaft of the first motor is connected with the wheel.
Preferably, a walking wheel is arranged on the guide member and is arranged right below the annular track wing plate.
Preferably, the snow making device comprises an inlet valve rocker arm, an exhaust valve rocker arm, an inlet valve, an exhaust valve, a liquid nitrogen nozzle, a high-pressure water nozzle, a compressed air nozzle, a piston, a connecting rod, a reaction cylinder, a liquid nitrogen tank, a water storage tank, a booster pump, an air compressor and a second motor, wherein an output shaft of the second motor is connected with a rotating shaft, and a rotating disc is sleeved on the rotating shaft; one end of the connecting rod is fixed on the end face of the rotary table, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with a piston in the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder and used for driving the piston to reciprocate up and down;
a protective cover is arranged at the top of the reaction cylinder, and the rotor is arranged in the protective cover;
meanwhile, the rotor is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the second motor through a belt;
the top of the reaction cylinder is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and a liquid nitrogen nozzle, wherein the air inlet is provided with a high-pressure water nozzle and a compressed air nozzle; the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipeline, and the other end of the exhaust pipeline is a snow outlet right above the wheel grinding device;
an air inlet valve is arranged at the air inlet; an exhaust valve is arranged at the exhaust port;
the inlet valve is connected with an inlet valve rocker arm; the exhaust valve is connected with exhaust valve rocker arms, and the free ends of the two valve rocker arms are both contacted with the rotor;
the liquid nitrogen nozzle is connected with a liquid nitrogen tank; the high-pressure water nozzle is connected with the booster pump, and the booster pump is connected with the water storage tank; the compressed air nozzle is connected with an air compressor.
Preferably, the intake valve rocker arm and the exhaust valve rocker arm are identical in structure, wherein the exhaust valve rocker arm comprises a first straight rod and a second straight rod, one end of the first straight rod is of a ball head structure, the first straight rod is hinged to a fixing screw, the other end of the first straight rod is fixedly connected with one end of the second straight rod, and the other end of the second straight rod is connected with the intake valve or the exhaust valve through a spring.
The indoor simulation method for the wheel rolling on the icy road and the snow road comprises the following steps of:
collecting the temperature and the humidity in the experimental bin through a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor;
collecting the surface temperature of the test piece by an infrared temperature sensing device;
setting an experimental environment required in the experimental bin through a control box, wherein the experimental environment comprises a refrigeration mode, a humidification mode, a snowfall mode and a freezing rain mode;
then the control box controls the start of the snow making device so as to achieve the experimental environment required by the experimental bin;
and finally, controlling the wheel rolling device to start through the control box to start the experiment.
Preferably, the implementation of the cooling mode:
setting the temperature required by the test through a control box, starting the snow making device, opening an inlet valve, spraying compressed air into a reaction cylinder through a compressed air nozzle, spraying liquid nitrogen into the reaction cylinder through a liquid nitrogen nozzle after the inlet valve is closed, mixing the liquid nitrogen with the compressed air, opening an exhaust valve to discharge low-temperature gas, allowing the gas to enter a test bin through a snow outlet through a pipeline for cooling, and closing the snow making device to start the test after a temperature sensor reaches the set temperature;
the humidification mode is realized:
setting the humidity required by the test through a control box, starting the snow making device, opening an inlet valve, spraying compressed air and high-pressure water into a reaction cylinder through a compressed air nozzle and a high-pressure water nozzle respectively, after the inlet valve is closed, mixing the high-pressure water and the compressed air, opening an exhaust valve to discharge water vapor, allowing the water vapor to enter a test bin through a snow outlet through a pipeline for cooling, and simultaneously, after a temperature sensor reaches a set temperature, closing the snow making device and starting the test;
the snowfall mode is realized:
setting temperature and humidity required by a test through a control box, starting a snow making device, spraying liquid nitrogen into a reaction cylinder through a liquid nitrogen nozzle, opening an inlet valve when the temperature in an experimental bin meets the snow making requirement, respectively spraying compressed air and high-pressure water into the reaction cylinder through a compressed air nozzle and a high-pressure water nozzle, crushing liquid drops by high-speed airflow to form water mist, entering the water mist into a low-temperature cylinder body, fully reacting the liquid drops in the low-temperature cylinder body to form snowflakes, opening an exhaust valve, entering the snowflakes into the test bin through a snow outlet through a pipeline, falling onto a test piece, and starting the test;
the freezing rain mode is realized:
setting the temperature and humidity required by the test through a control box, starting the snow making device, opening an inlet valve, respectively spraying compressed air and high-pressure water into a reaction cylinder through a compressed air nozzle and a high-pressure water nozzle, spraying liquid nitrogen into the reaction cylinder through a liquid nitrogen nozzle, controlling the mixing proportion of the liquid nitrogen, the compressed air and the high-pressure water and the reaction time in the reaction cylinder through the control box to form supercooled water drops to form frozen rain, and starting the test
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the indoor simulation device and method for the wheel rolling icing and snow covered road surface, the temperature, the humidity and the surface temperature of a test piece of an experiment bin are respectively collected through the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the infrared temperature sensing device, the start and stop of the snow making device are controlled through the control box, the experiment environment is adjusted, and the conditions of simulating severe winter driving conditions such as snowfall, freezing rain and the like are met; finally, starting and stopping the wheel grinding device; the snow making device of the device has the advantages of good refrigeration effect, high cooling speed and capability of reaching-196 ℃; simultaneously, this device can simulate actual driving in-process wheel and roll the road surface for indoor to various quick effective environmental protection snow removing mode and wheel roll road surface back to the road surface skid resistance aassessment.
Furthermore, the wheel rolling device of the device adopts an annular track, and the unidirectional action between the wheel and the test piece can be simulated by setting the clockwise running along the slide rail, so that the equipment fault caused by frequent pressure release and pressurization of an air pump is avoided, meanwhile, the tire is always in contact with the road surface or a test platform, the collision between the wheel and the platform is avoided, the noise is greatly reduced, and the test environment is improved; simultaneously, the wheel rolls device has two wheels, once can greatly shorten test time to two sets of test piece effects simultaneously, increases test efficiency, and on the other hand can set for two wheels simultaneously along guide rail straight line department reciprocating motion simulation single lane road surface vehicle operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an indoor simulation apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of a wheel milling apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a wheel milling apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a driving device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the assembly between the guide wheel, guide member and road wheel of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of an assembly between a guide wheel, guide member and road wheel according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the assembly between the guide wheels, guide members and road wheels in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a snow making apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a connection diagram between a rotor and a motor according to the present invention;
the device comprises a control box 1, a control box 2, a liquid nitrogen tank 3, a water storage tank 4, an air compressor 5, a booster pump 6, a bulb 7, an exhaust fan 8, a drainage pipeline 9, a snow outlet 10, a camera 11, a twisted steel column 12, a cross beam 13, an annular track 14, a guide member 15, a traveling wheel 16, a guide wheel 17, a jack 18, a nut 19, a first motor 20, a valve rocker 21, a spring 22, an inlet valve 23, an exhaust valve 24, a liquid nitrogen nozzle 25, a high-pressure water nozzle 26, a compressed air nozzle 27, a piston 28, a connecting rod 29, a reaction cylinder 30, a second motor 31, a base 32, a wheel stress platform 33, a front fork 34, a fixed shaft 35, a protective cover 36, a rotor 37, a screw 38 and belt transmission.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the indoor simulation device for a road surface with wheels rolling frozen and snow comprises an environment adjusting system, a wheel rolling system and a snow making system, wherein both the wheel rolling system and the snow making system are arranged in the environment adjusting system.
The environment adjusting system comprises a control box 1, a bulb 6, an exhaust fan 7, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an infrared temperature sensing device, a camera 10 and an experimental cabin, wherein the control box 1 comprises a controller, a display screen, a temperature adjusting button, a humidity adjusting button, a liquid nitrogen flow adjusting button, a high-pressure water flow adjusting button, a compressed air flow button, a rolling frequency adjusting button and a rolling mode adjusting button, the bulb 6, the exhaust fan 7, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the infrared temperature sensing device, the camera 10, the display screen, the temperature adjusting button, the humidity adjusting button, the liquid nitrogen flow adjusting button, the high-pressure water flow adjusting button, the compressed air flow button, the rolling frequency adjusting button and the rolling mode adjusting button are all connected with the controller.
The temperature sensor is used for collecting the temperature of the experimental bin in real time and transmitting the collected temperature to the controller.
The humidity sensor is used for collecting the humidity of the experiment bin in real time and transmitting the collected humidity to the controller.
The infrared temperature sensing device is used for measuring the surface temperature of the test piece and transmitting the measured surface temperature of the test piece to the controller, and specifically: the infrared temperature sensing device is an infrared temperature gun.
The camera 10 is used for observing the process that the accumulated snow is continuously compacted when the wheels are rolled; meanwhile, the melting conditions of ice and snow on the surface of the test piece after the snow-melting agent is spread are monitored and recorded in real time; and when the elasticity is evaluated to inhibit the icing pavement, observing the process that the test piece is elastically deformed under the rolling of the wheels to cause the breakage of the ice blocks on the surface.
The controller is used for comparing the received temperature, humidity and test piece surface temperature with a preset threshold value and controlling the start and stop of the snow making device according to the comparison result; and simultaneously transmitting the collected temperature, humidity and surface temperature of the test piece to a display screen for displaying.
The temperature adjusting key is used for adjusting a preset threshold value of the temperature.
The humidity adjusting button is used for adjusting a preset threshold value of humidity.
The rolling frequency adjusting button is used for adjusting a preset threshold value of the rolling frequency.
The rolling mode adjusting button is used for selecting a rolling mode, and the rolling mode comprises one-way rolling and reciprocating rolling.
The flow of the liquid nitrogen, the flow of the high-pressure water and the flow of the compressed air are respectively adjusted through a liquid nitrogen flow adjusting key, a high-pressure water flow adjusting key and a compressed air flow adjusting key, and then the control of the snow amount is realized.
A plurality of bulbs 6 are arranged on the top wall of the interior of the experiment bin; the controller 1 is arranged outside the experiment chamber.
The side wall of the experiment bin is provided with a mounting hole, and an exhaust fan 7 is arranged in the mounting hole.
The camera 10 is installed on the rebar stand.
The wheel rolling device and the snow making device are both arranged in the experiment bin.
The wheel milling device comprises a base 31, a twisted steel upright 11, a cross beam 12, an annular track 13, a guide member 14, a hand-operated jack 17 and a first motor 19, wherein the base 31 is fixed at the bottom of the experiment bin; the two twisted steel columns 11 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the base 31; the free end of each twisted steel upright 11 is connected with a beam 12; the ring rail 13 is fitted over the cross beam 12.
Two ends of the annular track 13 are respectively fixedly connected with the two cross beams 12.
The annular rail 13 is an i-shaped rail.
Two driving devices are arranged on the annular track 13, and each driving device is connected with a wheel.
The driving device comprises guide wheels 16, rotating shafts, guide members 14, a jack 17, a first motor 19, a wheel stress platform 32 and a front fork 33, wherein the two groups of guide wheels 16 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a web plate of the annular rail 13, the guide wheels 16 are sleeved on the rotating shafts, and the rotating shafts are arranged at one ends of the guide members 14; two guide wheels 16 are provided per set.
The output shaft of the jack 17 is arranged at the lower end of the guide member 14; the base of the jack 17 is mounted on a wheel load platform 32.
The wheels are connected with the wheel stress platform 32 through the front fork 33, and the fixed connection between the wheels and the wheel stress platform 32 is realized.
The first motor 19 is installed in a steel ring of the wheel, and an output shaft of the first motor is connected with the wheel and used for driving the wheel to rotate.
And a walking wheel 15 is arranged on the guide member 14, and the walking wheel 15 is arranged right below a wing plate of the annular track 13. The guide wheel is limited, and the guide wheel is prevented from contacting the annular track 13 when the guide wheel turns.
The guide member 14 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and two side plates are arranged on one end face of the rectangular parallelepiped structure; the rotating shaft is arranged at the end part of the side plate.
Meanwhile, the traveling wheels 15 are disposed between the two side plates.
A drainage pipeline 8 is arranged on the base 31, and the free end of the drainage pipeline 8 is arranged on the outer side of the experiment chamber.
The camera 10 is installed on the rebar stand column 11.
The snow making device comprises an inlet valve rocker arm, an exhaust valve rocker arm 20, a spring 21, an inlet valve 22, an exhaust valve 23, a liquid nitrogen nozzle 24, a high-pressure water nozzle 25, a compressed air nozzle 26, a piston 27, a connecting rod 28, a reaction cylinder 29 and a second motor 30, wherein an output shaft of the second motor 30 is connected with a rotating shaft, a turntable is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and one end of the connecting rod 28 is fixed on the end surface of the turntable; the other end of the connecting rod 28 is connected with a lower fixed shaft 34 of the piston 27 in the inner cavity of the reaction cylinder 29 and is used for driving the piston 27 to reciprocate up and down.
The top of the reaction cylinder 29 is provided with a liquid nitrogen nozzle 24, a high pressure water nozzle 25 and a compressed air nozzle 26, and liquid nitrogen and fine water droplets pulverized by compressed air are sprayed into a cavity formed between the reaction cylinder 29 and the piston 27 through the liquid nitrogen nozzle 24.
The top of the reaction cylinder 29 is provided with a protective cover 35, and the rotor 36 is installed in the protective cover.
Meanwhile, the rotor 36 is connected with the output shaft of the second motor 30 through a belt transmission 38.
The top of the reaction cylinder 29 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet is provided with a high-pressure water nozzle 25 and a compressed air nozzle 26; the exhaust port is connected with a discharge pipeline, and the other end of the discharge pipeline is a snow outlet 9 right above the wheel grinding device.
An intake valve 22 is arranged at the air inlet; an exhaust valve 23 is arranged at the exhaust port.
The inlet valve 22 is connected with an inlet valve rocker arm; the exhaust valve 23 is connected with an exhaust rocker arm 20, and the free ends of both rocker arms 20 are in contact with a rotor 36.
The intake valve rocker arm and the exhaust valve rocker arm 20 are identical in structure, wherein the valve rocker arm 20 comprises a first straight rod and a second straight rod, one end of the first straight rod is of a ball head structure, the other end of the first straight rod is fixedly connected with one end of the second straight rod, the first straight rod is hinged to a screw 37, and the other end of the second straight rod is connected with an intake valve 22 or an exhaust valve 23 through a spring 21.
The top of reaction jar 29 still is provided with the inlet, inlet department is provided with liquid nitrogen nozzle 24, liquid nitrogen nozzle 24 is connected with liquid nitrogen container 2.
The high-pressure water nozzle 25 is connected with the booster pump 5, and the booster pump 5 is connected with the water storage tank 3; the compressed air nozzle 26 is connected to the air compressor 4.
The working process is as follows: the liquid nitrogen nozzle 24 is opened, liquid nitrogen is injected into the reaction cylinder 29, the temperature of the reaction cylinder reaches the snow-making temperature, then the rotation of the second motor 30 drives the turntable to rotate, further drives the connecting rod 28 to rotate, and drives the piston 27 to reciprocate up and down through the connecting rod 28.
When the piston 27 moves downwards, the rotor 34 is driven to rotate clockwise through belt transmission, the convex structure of the rotor 34 jacks up the ball head structure end of the first straight rod, the first straight rod rotates clockwise around the screw 37, the intake valve 22 is driven to move downwards through the second straight rod, meanwhile, the spring 21 is stretched, the intake valve is opened, at the moment, the controller 1 controls the high-pressure water nozzle 25 and the compressed air nozzle 26 to be opened, and liquid nitrogen and fine water drops crushed by compressed air are sprayed into the reaction cylinder 29.
The rotor 34 rotates clockwise, the first straight rod ball head is in contact with the smooth part of the rotor 34, the spring 21 rebounds to drive the air inlet valve 22 to move upwards, the air inlet valve 22 is closed, and water drops turn into snowflakes at low temperature.
At this time, when the piston 27 is upward, the rotor 34 rotates clockwise, and the convex part thereof abuts against the exhaust valve rocker arm 20 connected to the exhaust valve 23, and the operating principle of the exhaust valve rocker arm is the same as that of the intake valve rocker arm.
The exhaust valve rocker arm 20 rotates anticlockwise to open the exhaust valve 23 and the piston 27 moves upwards to discharge snow.
After snow is discharged, the smooth part of the rotor 36 is contacted with the exhaust valve rocker arm 20, the valve spring 21 rebounds and the exhaust valve 23 is closed, and the snow making cycle is one period.
The working principle is as follows:
the wheel rolling system of the device adopts the annular track, the unidirectional action between the wheel and the test piece can be simulated by setting clockwise running along the slide rail, the jack is utilized to apply constant load, the problem that equipment faults are caused by frequent pressure release and pressurization of an air pump is avoided, meanwhile, the tire is always in contact with the road surface or a test platform, the collision between the wheel and the platform is avoided, the noise is greatly reduced, and the test environment is improved.
Simultaneously, the wheel rolls device has two wheels, once can greatly shorten test time to two sets of test piece effects simultaneously, increases test efficiency, and on the other hand can set for two wheels simultaneously along guide rail straight line department reciprocating motion simulation single lane road surface vehicle operation.
The existing equipment adopts a mode of motor and chain transmission, the device adopts a motor of a household electric vehicle to provide power, the noise is low, and the motor of the electric vehicle has small volume and can be directly arranged in a wheel steel ring, so that the space is greatly saved.
Compared with smooth rubber wheels, the wheels are provided with the pneumatic tires with patterns, so that the effect of the actual wheels and the road surface can be better simulated, and particularly, the traction force is provided by the tire digging effect when an automobile walks on the ice and snow road surface with low initial content of free water.
When the initial content of free water is low, the snow surface is compacted, and the tread groove can not provide traction force, and the traction force can be driven by a small motor at the pressure bearing wheel of the guide device.
The adoption of the replaceable hand-operated jack for pressurization can reduce the maintenance and curing cost of oil leakage and other faults of the electric hydraulic jack.
The track with be connected the crossbeam, the crossbeam is fixed on the screw thread post through upper and lower screw cap, the whole track height of accessible adjustment screw cap to satisfy the headroom requirement of not unidimensional tire to test platform and guide rail.
The existing device creates a low-temperature environment (similar to a refrigerator) through a condenser, a compressor and the like, simultaneously sprays water on the surface of a test piece, and carries out rolling and anti-skid performance test after icing; in the using process, although the sealing effect is good, the time for reaching the test temperature is long, and the snow can not be made.
The snow making system of the device mainly utilizes liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant, and the liquid nitrogen is inert gas, so that the device has the advantages of no color, no odor, no corrosiveness, good refrigeration effect, high cooling speed and capability of reaching-196 ℃.
The refrigerating system mainly regulates and controls the use amounts and the use sequence of three substances of compressed air, pressurized water and liquid nitrogen so as to simulate severe weather conditions in winter such as snowfall, freezing rain and the like.
The closed reaction cylinder can meet the requirements of temperature, humidity, wind speed and the like needed by snow making more easily. The strong heat exchange of the liquid nitrogen enables the snow-making temperature to be reached in a short time only by injecting a small amount of liquid nitrogen into the reaction cylinder.
The existing artificial snow making device can not better simulate the descending of natural snow from high altitude and longer crystallization time, so that the formed snowflakes are irregular small particles, which are different from the flaky and hexagonal shapes of the natural snow.
The environment adjusting system is the core of the whole device, the good heat insulation effect is the basic requirement, meanwhile, the probes of various temperature and humidity sensors are distributed at all corners, the temperature of each space of the box body is monitored in real time, parameters such as all-round and accurate temperature and humidity are provided for the temperature adjusting system, and an infrared temperature probe is arranged to monitor the surface temperature of the test piece.
The temperature adjusting system mainly adjusts the temperature by controlling the box body exhaust fan and the snow making system.
A monitoring probe is arranged in the box, the probe is aligned to an action interface of the wheel and the test piece, and the ice and snow actions on the surface of the wheel and the test piece can be observed and recorded in real time through a display.
The using method comprises the following steps:
placing the asphalt concrete slab on a base 31 of the wheel rolling device, adjusting a threaded high-strength steel bar screw cap 18 to adjust the height of the circular track 13, adjusting a manual hydraulic jack 17 to apply test load to the tire, and closing a cabinet door. The controller 1 switch is turned on and the device starts.
A refrigeration mode: after the temperature adjusting key is used for setting the test temperature on the controller 1, the snow making device is started, the liquid nitrogen nozzle sprays liquid nitrogen into the reaction cylinder, the inlet valve 22 is opened, the compressed air nozzle works and sprays into the reaction cylinder 29, the inlet valve 22 is closed, the exhaust valve 23 is opened to discharge low-temperature gas after the liquid nitrogen and the compressed air are mixed, the gas enters the environment box from the snow outlet 9 through the pipeline and is cooled for the environment box, and meanwhile, the temperature sensor feeds back the temperature of each part and closes the snow making device after the temperature of each part reaches the set temperature.
A humidifying mode: after humidity is set on the controller 1 through a humidity adjusting button, the snow making device is started, the air inlet valve 22 opens the compressed air nozzle 26 and the high-pressure water nozzle 25 to work, high-pressure water and compressed air are sprayed into the reaction cylinder 29, the air inlet valve 22 is closed, the high-pressure water and the compressed air are mixed, the exhaust valve 23 is opened to exhaust steam, the steam enters the environment box through the snow outlet 9 through a pipeline to humidify the environment box, and meanwhile, the humidity sensor feeds back humidity of each part to be set and the snow making device is closed after the humidity reaches the set humidity.
A snowfall mode: the temperature adjusting key and the humidity adjusting key are used for setting a threshold value on the controller, and after the set value is reached, the liquid nitrogen flow adjusting key, the high-pressure water flow adjusting key and the compressed air flow adjusting key are used for respectively adjusting the flow of liquid nitrogen, the high-pressure chamber and compressed air, so that the working frequency of the snow making device is controlled to adjust the snow amount to simulate heavy snow, medium snow and small snow.
After the snow value is set, the snow making device is started, the liquid nitrogen nozzle 24 sprays liquid nitrogen into the reaction cylinder 29 to enable the temperature of the reaction cylinder 29 to meet the snow making requirement, the inlet valve 22 is opened, the high-pressure water nozzle 25 and the compressed air nozzle 26 work simultaneously, droplets are crushed by high-speed airflow to form water mist, the water mist enters the low-temperature cylinder 29, meanwhile, the second motor 30 drives the piston 27 to move downwards, after the droplets fully react in the low-temperature cylinder to form snow, the exhaust valve 23 is opened, meanwhile, the second motor 30 drives the piston 27 to move upwards, and the snow is sent out of the snow making device and falls on a test piece through the snow outlet 9.
The snowfall mode continuously conveys cold air into the environment box, and if the environment temperature is lower than a set value, the exhaust fan 7 works to discharge cold air out of the device so as to control the temperature.
Freezing rain mode: and when the infrared temperature sensing device detects that the test piece reaches the set temperature, the refrigeration mode is closed.
Then the snow making mode is started, and the blending ratio of the liquid nitrogen, the compressed air and the high-pressure water and the reaction time in the reaction cylinder 29 are controlled to form supercooled water drops. The supercooled water drops through the snow outlet 9 and drops on the cold specimen to freeze.
Rolling mode: after the rolling times and the rolling mode (unidirectional rolling or reciprocating rolling) are set on the controller 1, the working wheels of the motor 19 for the electric vehicle rotate, and rolling starts. When the snow road with low initial free water content is used for walking, traction force is provided by tire excavation, guide wheels 16 on the guide members enable the guide members to slide along the guide rails, meanwhile, the bearing wheels 15 on the upper portions of the guide members 14 rotate to provide rotation information for the system, and the system can calculate the positions of the wheels.
When the wheel rotates and the pressure-bearing wheel 15 does not rotate, the control system can identify that the snow surface with lower initial content of free water is compacted or the road surface is iced, the tread groove can not provide traction force, and the small electric machine at the pressure-bearing wheel 15 is used as the wheel to provide traction force, so that the wheel continuously rolls ice and snow. During the rolling process, the action conditions of the wheels and the ice and snow can be observed and recorded in real time from a display screen at the controller 1 through the camera 31. And stopping the wheel after the specified rolling times are reached.
After the rolling is finished, the wheel rolling device and the snow making device are closed, and the anti-skid test can be carried out in the device. Finally, the water outlet is opened to discharge the water.
Claims (9)
1. An indoor simulation device for a road surface with icy and snowy road rolled by wheels is characterized by comprising an environment adjusting system, a wheel rolling system and a snow making system, wherein both the wheel rolling system and the snow making system are arranged in the environment adjusting system;
the environment adjusting system comprises a controller box, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an infrared temperature sensing device and an experimental cabin, wherein the temperature sensor, the infrared temperature sensing device and the humidity sensor are all connected with the control box and are arranged in the experimental cabin; the control box is arranged at the outer side of the experiment bin; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are respectively used for collecting the temperature and the humidity of the experimental bin and transmitting the collected temperature and humidity to the control box; the infrared temperature sensing device is used for collecting the surface temperature of the test piece and transmitting the collected surface temperature of the test piece to the control box; the control box is used for controlling the start and stop of the snow making system according to the received temperature, the surface temperature and the humidity of the test piece, and is used for controlling the experiment environment required in the test bin; meanwhile, the control box is used for controlling the start, stop and working modes of the wheel rolling system.
2. The indoor simulation device for the vehicle wheel rolling on the icy and snowy road surfaces as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control box further comprises a display screen, a temperature adjusting button, a humidity adjusting button, a rolling frequency adjusting button and a rolling mode adjusting button, and the display screen, the temperature adjusting button, the humidity adjusting button, the rolling frequency adjusting button and the rolling mode adjusting button are all connected with the controller.
3. The indoor simulation device for the wheel rolling of the icy and snowy roads according to the claim 1 is characterized in that the wheel rolling device comprises a base (31), a twisted steel column (11), a cross beam (12), an annular rail (13) and a driving device, wherein the base (31) is fixed at the bottom of the experiment bin; the base (31) is provided with a drainage channel (8); two twisted steel columns (11) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the base (31); the free end of each twisted steel upright post (11) is connected with a cross beam (12); two ends of the annular track (13) are respectively and fixedly connected with the two cross beams (12), and the two cross beams (12) are respectively sleeved on the two threaded steel bar upright posts (11); two driving devices are arranged on the annular track (13), and each driving device is connected with one wheel.
4. The indoor simulation device for a wheel rolling icy and snowy road according to claim 3, characterized in that the driving device comprises a guide wheel (16), a rotating shaft, a guide member (14), a jack (17), a first motor (19), a wheel force platform (32) and a front fork (33), wherein the cross section of the annular track (13) is I-shaped; two groups of guide wheels (16) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a web plate of the annular track (13), the guide wheels (16) are sleeved on a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is arranged on the upper part of the guide member (14); the output shaft of the jack (17) is arranged at the lower part of the guide member (14); the base of the jack (17) is arranged on the wheel stress platform (32); the wheels are connected with a wheel stress platform (32) through a front fork (33); the first motor (19) is arranged in a steel ring of the wheel, and an output shaft of the first motor is connected with the wheel.
5. An indoor simulator with wheels rolling icy and snowy road according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide member (14) is provided with a road wheel (15), the road wheel (15) is placed right under the wing plate of the circular track (13).
6. The indoor simulation device for the wheel rolling icing and snow accumulation road surface according to claim 1, wherein the snow making device comprises an air inlet valve rocker arm, an air outlet valve rocker arm (20), an air inlet valve (22), an air outlet valve (23), a liquid nitrogen nozzle (24), a high-pressure water nozzle (25), a compressed air nozzle (26), a piston (27), a connecting rod (28), a reaction cylinder (29), a liquid nitrogen tank (2), a water storage tank (3), a booster pump (5), an air compressor (4) and a second motor (30), wherein an output shaft of the second motor (30) is connected with a rotating shaft, and a rotating disc is sleeved on the rotating shaft; one end of the connecting rod (28) is fixed on the end face of the rotary table, and the other end of the connecting rod (28) is connected with a fixed shaft (34) of the piston (27) and used for driving the piston (27) to reciprocate up and down;
a protective cover (35) is arranged at the top of the reaction cylinder (29), and the rotor (36) is arranged in the protective cover;
meanwhile, the rotor (36) is connected with an output shaft of the second motor (30) through a belt transmission (38);
the top of the reaction cylinder (29) is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and a liquid nitrogen nozzle (24), wherein the air inlet is connected with a high-pressure water pipeline, and the high-pressure water pipeline is provided with a high-pressure water nozzle (25) and a compressed air nozzle (26); the exhaust port is connected with a discharge pipeline, and the other end of the discharge pipeline is a snow outlet (9) right above the wheel grinding device;
an air inlet valve (22) is arranged at the air inlet; an exhaust valve (23) is arranged at the exhaust port;
the inlet valve (22) is connected with an inlet valve rocker arm; the exhaust valve (23) is connected with exhaust valve rocker arms (20), and the free ends of the two valve rocker arms (20) are both contacted with the rotor (36);
the liquid nitrogen nozzle (24) is connected with the liquid nitrogen tank (2); the high-pressure water nozzle (25) is connected with the booster pump (5), and the booster pump (5) is connected with the water storage tank (3) through a pipeline; the compressed air nozzle (26) is connected with the air compressor (4).
7. The indoor simulation device for the vehicle wheel rolling on the icy and snowy road surface is characterized in that the structures of the intake valve rocker arm and the exhaust valve rocker arm (20) are the same, the intake valve rocker arm (20) is hinged to a screw (37) and can rotate clockwise or anticlockwise around the screw (37), the exhaust valve rocker arm (20) comprises a first straight rod and a second straight rod, one end of the first straight rod is of a ball head structure, the other end of the first straight rod is fixedly connected with one end of the second straight rod, and the other end of the second straight rod is connected with the intake valve (22) or the exhaust valve (23) through a spring (21).
8. An indoor simulation method for wheel rolling on icy and snowy roads, which is based on the indoor simulation device for wheel rolling on icy and snowy roads of any one of claims 1-7, and comprises the following steps:
collecting the temperature and the humidity in the experimental bin through a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor;
collecting the surface temperature of the test piece by an infrared temperature sensing device;
setting an experimental environment required in the experimental bin through the control box (1), wherein the experimental environment comprises a refrigeration mode, a humidification mode, a snowfall mode and a freezing rain mode;
then the control box (1) is used for controlling the starting of the snow making device so as to achieve the experimental environment required by the experimental bin;
and finally, controlling the wheel milling device to start through the control box (1) to start the experiment.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cooling mode is implemented by:
setting the temperature required by the test through a control box (1), starting the snow making device, opening an inlet valve (22), spraying compressed air into a reaction cylinder (29) through a compressed air nozzle (26), after the inlet valve (22) is closed, spraying liquid nitrogen into the reaction cylinder (29) through a liquid nitrogen nozzle (24), mixing the liquid nitrogen and the compressed air, opening an exhaust valve (23) to discharge low-temperature gas, enabling the gas to enter a test bin from a snow outlet (9) through a pipeline for cooling, and simultaneously, after a temperature sensor reaches the set temperature, closing the snow making device to start the test;
the humidification mode is realized:
the humidity required by the test is set through the control box (1), the snow making device is started, the inlet valve (22) is opened, compressed air and high-pressure water are respectively sprayed into the reaction cylinder (29) through the compressed air nozzle (26) and the high-pressure water nozzle (25), after the inlet valve (22) is closed, the high-pressure water and the compressed air are mixed, the exhaust valve (23) is opened to discharge water vapor, the water vapor enters the test bin from the snow outlet (9) through a pipeline to be cooled, and meanwhile, after the temperature sensor reaches the set temperature, the snow making device is closed to start the test;
the snowfall mode is realized:
setting temperature and humidity required by a test through a control box (1), starting a snow making device, spraying liquid nitrogen into a reaction cylinder (29) through a liquid nitrogen nozzle (24), opening an inlet valve (22) when the temperature in an experimental bin meets the snow making requirement, respectively spraying compressed air and high-pressure water into the reaction cylinder (29) through a compressed air nozzle (26) and a high-pressure water nozzle (25), crushing liquid drops by high-speed airflow to form water mist, entering a low-temperature cylinder body, fully reacting the liquid drops in the low-temperature cylinder body to form snowflakes, opening an exhaust valve (23), entering the experimental bin through a snow outlet (9) through a pipeline, falling on a test piece, and starting the test;
the freezing rain mode is realized:
the temperature and the humidity required by the test are set through the control box (1), the snow making device is started, the inlet valve (22) is opened, compressed air and high-pressure water are respectively sprayed into the reaction cylinder (29) through the compressed air nozzle (26) and the high-pressure water nozzle (25), liquid nitrogen is sprayed into the reaction cylinder (29) through the liquid nitrogen nozzle (24), the mixing proportion of the liquid nitrogen, the compressed air and the high-pressure water and the reaction time in the reaction cylinder (29) are controlled through the control box (1) so as to form supercooled water drops, the frozen rain is formed, and the test is started.
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| CN201911276145.3A CN110849409A (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2019-12-12 | Indoor simulation device and method for wheel rolling frozen and snow covered road surface |
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| CN201911276145.3A CN110849409A (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2019-12-12 | Indoor simulation device and method for wheel rolling frozen and snow covered road surface |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111964640A (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2020-11-20 | 海南海玻工程玻璃有限公司 | Glass detection device |
| CN115791582A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-14 | 安徽工业大学 | Road surface ice-condensation simulation and test device capable of adjusting temperature and humidity |
-
2019
- 2019-12-12 CN CN201911276145.3A patent/CN110849409A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111964640A (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2020-11-20 | 海南海玻工程玻璃有限公司 | Glass detection device |
| CN111964640B (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2021-10-08 | 海南海玻工程玻璃有限公司 | Glass detection device |
| CN115791582A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-14 | 安徽工业大学 | Road surface ice-condensation simulation and test device capable of adjusting temperature and humidity |
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