CN110845481A - 3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物及其合成方法和含有3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的电子器件 - Google Patents
3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物及其合成方法和含有3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的电子器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110845481A CN110845481A CN201911143857.8A CN201911143857A CN110845481A CN 110845481 A CN110845481 A CN 110845481A CN 201911143857 A CN201911143857 A CN 201911143857A CN 110845481 A CN110845481 A CN 110845481A
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- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DERKMBVPWKXOHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12h-[1]benzofuro[3,2-a]carbazole Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 DERKMBVPWKXOHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- ASGMFNBUXDJWJJ-JLCFBVMHSA-N (1R,3R)-3-[[3-bromo-1-[4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]amino]-N,1-dimethylcyclopentane-1-carboxamide Chemical compound BrC1=NN(C2=NC(=NC=C21)N[C@H]1C[C@@](CC1)(C(=O)NC)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1SC(=NN=1)C ASGMFNBUXDJWJJ-JLCFBVMHSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 4
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- MPDDTAJMJCESGV-CTUHWIOQSA-M (3r,5r)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[methyl-[(1r)-1-phenylethyl]carbamoyl]-4-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C)N(C)C(=O)C2=NN(C(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C2C(C)C)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=CC=CC=C1 MPDDTAJMJCESGV-CTUHWIOQSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical class [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机光电材料技术领域,具体涉及3,4‑二氮杂芴衍生物及其合成方法和含有3,4‑二氮杂芴衍生物的电子器件,其由通式(1)表示:其中,L1和L2各自独立地表示单键、羰基、具有6至18个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至18个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个。本发明的3,4‑二氮杂芴衍生物通过引入3,4‑二氮杂芴刚性结构,得到的3,4‑二氮杂芴衍生物成膜性和热稳定性优异,可用于制备有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管和有机太阳能电池。另外,本发明的3,4‑二氮杂芴衍生物可以作为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层或电子传输层的构成材料,能够降低驱动电压,提高效率、亮度和寿命等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机光电材料技术领域,具体涉及3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物及其合成方法和含有3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的电子器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件具有自主发光、低电压驱动、全固化、宽视角、组成和工艺简单等一系列的优点,与液晶显示器相比,有机电致发光器件不需要背光源。因此,有机电致发光器件具有广泛的应用前景。
有机电致发光器件一般包括阳极、金属阴极和它们之间夹着的有机层。有机层主要包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层。另外,发光层大多采用主客体结构。即,将发光材料以一定浓度掺杂在主体材料中,以避免浓度淬灭和三线态-三线态湮灭,提高发光效率。因此,一般要求主体材料具有较高的三线态能级,并且同时具有较高的稳定性。
目前,有机电致发光材料的研究已经在学术界和工业界广泛开展,大量性能优良的有机电致发光材料陆续被开发出来。总体来看,未来有机电致发光器件的方向是发展高效率、长寿命、低成本的白光器件和全彩色显示器件,但该技术的产业化进程仍面临许多关键问题。因此,设计与寻找一种稳定高效的化合物,作为有机电致发光器件新型材料以克服其在实际应用过程中出现的不足,是有机电致发光器件材料研究工作中的重点与今后的研发趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物及其合成方法,本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物热稳定性高、传输性能好、制备方法简单,并且由该3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物制成的有机发光器件,表现出发光效率高、寿命长、驱动电压低的优点,是性能优良的有机电致发光材料。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种使用该3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的电子器件,该电子器件具有高效率、高耐久性和长寿命的优点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物,其由下述通式(1)表示:
其中,L1和L2各自独立地表示单键、羰基、具有6至18个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至18个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
m和n各自独立地为0~4的整数,并且m和n不同时为0;
Ar1~Ar4各自独立地表示任选被一个或多个R1取代的、具有6至30 个碳原子的芳香族烃基或任选被一个或多个R1取代的、具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
X和Y各自独立地表示取代或未取代的具有1至8个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有6至24个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至23个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
Z表示CR1或者N;
R1表示氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、氰基、NO2、N(R2)2、OR2、SR2、C(=O)R2、P(=O)R2、Si(R2)3、取代或未取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有2至20个碳原子的烯基、取代或未取代的具有2至20个碳原子的炔基、取代或未取代的具有6至40个碳原子的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的具有5 至40个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
R2表示氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氰基、取代或未取代的具有1 至20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个。
具体的,进一步由下述通式(I)或(II)表示:
所述L1、L2和Ar1~Ar4、X、Y、Z以及m、n具有根据权利要求1 所定义的含义。
具体的,所述Ar1、Ar2、Ar3和Ar4各自独立地选自下述基团:
其中,虚线表示与L1、L2或N键合的键。
具体的,所述R1和R2各自独立地表示苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基、苯并噻吩并咔唑、苯并呋喃并咔唑、苯并芴并咔唑、苯并蒽、苯并菲、芴基、螺双芴基、三嗪基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基、N-苯基咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、苯并咪唑基、二苯基-苯并咪唑基、二苯基-噁二唑基、二苯基硼基、三苯基磷氧基、二苯基磷氧基、三苯基硅基或四苯基硅基中的一个或多个。
具体的,进一步由所述通式(1)表示的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物选自下述化合物:
3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的合成方法,合成路线如下:
所述L1、L2和Ar1~Ar4、X、Y、Z以及m、n具有根据权利要求1 所定义的含义。
具体的,3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物在电子器件中的应用。
具体的,所述电子器件为有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管或有机太阳能电池;
其中,所述有机电致发光器件包括:第一电极、与所述第一电极对置而具备的第二电极以及夹在所述第一电极与第二电极之间的至少一个有机层,所述至少一个有机层包含3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。
具体的,所述至少一个有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层或电子传输层。
进一步的,3,4-二氮杂芴化合物具有特殊的联苯结构,具有较高热稳定性、化学稳定性和载流子传输性,更重要的是其具有合适的单线态、三线态以及分子轨道能级。因此将其引入到具有电致发光特性的分子中,有利于提高器件的稳定性和发光效率,降低器件驱动电压。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物通过引入3,4-二氮杂芴刚性结构,使得本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物具有良好的成膜性和热稳定性,可用于制备有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管和有机太阳能电池等电子器件,尤其是作为有机电致发光器件中的空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层或电子传输层的构成材料,能够表现出发光效率高、寿命长且驱动电压低的优点,显著优于现有有机电致发光器件;
(2)本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的制备方法简单,原料易得,能够满足工业化的发展需求;
(3)本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物在有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管和有机太阳能电池等电子器件中具有良好的应用效果,具有广泛的产业化前景;
(4)本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物具有高的电子注入和移动速率。因此,利用具有使用本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物制备的电子注入层和/或电子传输层的有机电致发光器件,提高了从电子传输层到发光层的电子传输效率,从而提高发光效率。并且,降低了驱动电压,从而增强所得的有机电致发光器件的耐久性;
(5)本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物具有优异的阻断空穴的能力,电子传输性能优异,并且在薄膜状态下是稳定的。因此,具有使用本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物制备的空穴阻挡层的有机电致发光器件具有高的发光效率,驱动电压降低,并且电流耐性改善,使得有机电致发光器件的最大发光亮度增加;
(6)本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物可用作有机电致发光器件的空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层或电子传输层的构成材料。使用本发明的有机电致发光器件,可以限制在发光层内产生的激子,并且可以进一步增加空穴和电子的重新结合的可能性,以获得高发光效率。此外,驱动电压如此之低,因而可以实现高耐久性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1(化合物39)在二氯甲烷溶液中的荧光光谱(PL)。
图2为本发明实施例6和比较例2的电致发光光谱;
图3为本发明中有机电致发光器件的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下列实施案例中若无特殊说明,所用技术手段为本领域技术人员熟知的常规手段。
本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物是具有芴环结构的新型化合物,并且由下述通式(1)表示:
进一步的,本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物具有下列通式(I)或(II) 的结构:
在上述通式(1)、(I)以及(II)中,
L1和L2各自独立地表示单键、羰基、具有6至18个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至18个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
m和n各自独立地为0~4的整数,并且m和n不同时为0;
Ar1~Ar4各自独立地表示任选被一个或多个R1取代的、具有6至30 个碳原子的芳香族烃基或任选被一个或多个R1取代的、具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
X和Y各自独立地表示取代或未取代的具有1至8个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有6至24个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至23个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
Z表示CR1或者N;
R1表示氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、氰基、NO2、N(R2)2、OR2、SR2、C(=O)R2、P(=O)R2、Si(R2)3、取代或未取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有2至20个碳原子的烯基、取代或未取代的具有2至20个碳原子的炔基、取代或未取代的具有6至40个碳原子的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的具有5 至40个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
R2表示氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氰基、取代或未取代的具有1 至20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个。
<L1和L2>
L1和L2各自独立地表示单键、羰基、具有6至18个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至18个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个。
在本发明中,具有5至18个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的杂原子优选自N、O和/或S。在本发明中,杂原子的数目可以是1~5个。本发明意义上的芳香族烃基或芳香族杂环基是指如下的体系,该体系并不必须仅含有芳基或杂芳基基团,而是其中多个芳基或杂芳基基团还可以被非芳香族单元(优选小于非氢原子的10%)间断,该非芳香族单元例如可以是碳原子、氮原子、氧原子或者羰基基团。例如,和两个或多个芳基基团例如被直链或环状的烷基基团或者被甲硅烷基基团间断的体系一样,9,9’-螺二芴、9,9-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚等的体系也旨在被认为是本发明意义上的芳香族烃基。此外,其中两个或多个芳基或杂芳基基团相互直接键合的体系,例如联苯、三联苯或四联苯,同样也旨在被认为是芳香族烃基或芳香族杂环基。
由L1和L2表示的具有6至18个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至18 个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以例示出:苯基、萘基、蒽基、苯并蒽基、菲基、苯并菲基、芘基、苝基、荧蒽基、苯并荧蒽基、并四苯基、并五苯基、苯并芘基、联苯基、偶苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基、三聚苯基、芴基、螺双芴基、二氢菲基、二氢芘基、四氢芘基、顺式或反式茚并芴基、顺式或反式单苯并茚并芴基、顺式或反式二苯并茚并芴基、三聚茚基、异三聚茚基、螺三聚茚基、螺异三聚茚基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、异苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、吡咯基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吖啶基、菲啶基、苯并-5,6-喹啉基、苯并-6,7-喹啉基、苯并-7,8-喹啉基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、吡唑基、吲唑基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、萘并咪唑基、菲并咪唑基、吡啶并咪唑基、吡嗪并咪唑基、喹喔啉并咪唑基、噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、萘并噁唑基、蒽并噁唑基、菲并噁唑基、异噁唑基、1,2-噻唑基、1,3-噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、哒嗪基、苯并哒嗪基、嘧啶基、苯并嘧啶基、喹喔啉基、1,5-二氮杂蒽基、2,7-二氮杂芘基、2,3-二氮杂芘基、1,6-二氮杂芘基、1,8-二氮杂芘基、4,5-二氮杂芘基、4,5,9,10-四氮杂苝基、吡嗪基、吩嗪基、吩噁嗪基、吩噻嗪基、荧红环基、萘啶基、氮杂咔唑基、苯并咔啉基、菲咯啉基、1,2,3- 三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、苯并三唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、 1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、 1,2,5-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、1,3,5-三嗪基、1,2,4-三嗪基、1,2,3- 三嗪基、四唑基、1,2,4,5-四嗪基、1,2,3,4-四嗪基、1,2,3,5-四嗪基、嘌呤基、蝶啶基、吲嗪基、苯并噻二唑基等。
在本发明中,优选地,L1和L2各自独立地表示单键、羰基、具有 6至12个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至12个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个。更优选地,L1和L2各自独立地表示单键、羰基、苯基、三嗪基或联苯基中的一个或多个。
由L1和L2表示的具有6至18个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至18 个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以是未取代的,但也可以具有取代基。取代基可以例示如下:氘原子;氰基;硝基;卤素原子,例如氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子;具有1至6个碳原子的烷基,例如,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基或正己基;具有1至6个碳原子的烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基或丙氧基;烯基,例如乙烯基或烯丙基;芳氧基,例如苯氧基或甲苯氧基;芳基烷氧基,例如苄氧基或苯乙氧基;芳族烃基或稠合多环芳族基,例如苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芴基、茚基、芘基、苝基、荧蒽基、苯并[9,10]菲基或螺二芴基;芳族杂环基,例如吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、喹喔啉基、苯并咪唑基、吡唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、氮杂芴基、二氮杂芴基、咔啉基、氮杂螺二芴基或二氮杂螺二芴基;芳基乙烯基,例如苯乙烯基或萘乙烯基;和酰基,例如乙酰基或苯甲酰基等。
具有1至6个碳原子的烷基和具有1至6个碳原子的烷氧基可以是直链或者支链的。任何上述取代基可以进一步被上述示例性取代基取代。上述取代基可以彼此独立地存在,但也可以经由单键、取代或未取代的亚甲基、氧原子或硫原子彼此键合形成环。
<m和n>
m和n分别表示与螺苯并蒽酮骨架结构相连的-L-A结构单元和 -L-A结构单元的数目,在本发明中,m和n各自独立地为0~4的整数,并且m和n不同时为0。优选地,m和n各自独立地为0~2的整数,更优选为0、1或2,但不同时为0。
<A1和A2>
A1和A2各自独立地表示Ar1、Ar2、中的一个或多个。
(Ar1至Ar4)
Ar1~Ar4各自独立地表示任选被一个或多个R1取代的、具有6至30 个碳原子的芳香族烃基或任选被一个或多个R1取代的、具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个。
由Ar1~Ar4表示的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至30 个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以例示出:苯基、萘基、蒽基、苯并蒽基、菲基、苯并菲基、芘基、苝基、荧蒽基、苯并荧蒽基、并四苯基、并五苯基、苯并芘基、联苯基、偶苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基、三聚苯基、芴基、螺双芴基、二氢菲基、二氢芘基、四氢芘基、顺式或反式茚并芴基、顺式或反式单苯并茚并芴基、顺式或反式二苯并茚并芴基、三聚茚基、异三聚茚基、螺三聚茚基、螺异三聚茚基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、异苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、苯并噻吩并咔唑基、吡咯基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、三联吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吖啶基、菲啶基、苯并 -5,6-喹啉基、苯并-6,7-喹啉基、苯并-7,8-喹啉基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、吡唑基、吲唑基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、萘并咪唑基、菲并咪唑基、吡啶并咪唑基、吡嗪并咪唑基、喹喔啉并咪唑基、噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噁二唑基、萘并噁唑基、蒽并噁唑基、菲并噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、哒嗪基、苯并哒嗪基、嘧啶基、苯并嘧啶基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、氮杂芴基、二氮杂蒽基、二氮杂芘基、四氮杂苝基、二氮杂萘基、吡嗪基、吩嗪基、吩噁嗪基、吩噻嗪基、荧红环基、萘啶基、氮杂咔唑基、苯并咔啉基、菲咯啉基、三唑基、苯并三唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、三嗪基、四唑基、四嗪基、嘌呤基、蝶啶基、吲嗪基、苯并噻二唑基、吡啶并吡咯基、吡啶并三唑基、呫吨基、苯并呋喃并咔唑基、苯并芴并咔唑基、N-苯基咔唑基、二苯基-苯并咪唑基、二苯基-噁二唑基、二苯基硼基、三苯基磷氧基、二苯基磷氧基、三苯基硅基、四苯基硅基等。
在本发明中,优选地,Ar1~Ar4各自独立地选自下述基团:
其中,虚线表示与L1、L2或N键合的键;
R1具有如上述所定义的含义。
由Ar1~Ar8表示的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至30 个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以是未取代的,但也可以具有取代基。优选地,由Ar1~Ar4表示的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至 30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基是被一个或多个R1取代的、具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或被一个或多个R1取代的、具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个。
(R1)
R1表示氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、氰基、NO2、N(R2)、OR2、SR2、C(=O)R2、P(=O)R2、Si(R2)3、取代或未取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有2至20个碳原子的烯基、取代或未取代的具有2至20个碳原子的炔基、取代或未取代的具有6至40个碳原子的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的具有5 至40个碳原子的芳香族杂环基。
由R1表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基可以例示出:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、正庚基、2-甲基己基、正辛基、异辛基、叔辛基、2-乙基己基、3-甲基庚基、正壬基、正癸基、十六烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、3-甲基环戊基、2,3-二甲基环戊基、环己基、3-甲基环己基、4-甲基环己基、2,3-二甲基环己基、3,4,5-三甲基环己基、4-叔丁基环己基、环庚基、环辛基等。具有1至20个碳原子的烷基可以是直链、支链或环状的。
由R1表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基可以是未取代的,但也可具有取代基。优选地,由R1表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基被一个或多个下述R2取代。另外,所述烷基中的一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)3、C=O、C=NR2、P(=O)R2、SO、 SO2、NR2、O、S或CONR2代替,并且其中一个或者多个氢原子可以被具有氘原子、氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、氰基、硝基代替。
由R1表示的具有2至20个碳原子的烯基可以例示出:乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一烯基、十二烯基、十三烯基、十四烯基、十五烯基、十六烯基、十七烯基、十八烯基、十九烯基、二十烯基、2-乙基己烯基、烯丙基或环己烯基等。具有2至20个碳原子的烯基可以是直链、支链或环状的。
由R1表示的具有2至20个碳原子的烯基可以是未取代的,或可以具有取代基。取代基可以例示为与由R1表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基任选地具有的取代基所示的相同的取代基。取代基可以采用的模式与示例性取代基的模式相同。
由R1表示的具有2至20个碳原子的炔基可以例示出:乙炔基、异丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、庚炔基、辛炔基、壬炔基、癸炔基等。
由R1表示的具有2至20个碳原子的炔基可以是未取代的,或可以具有取代基。取代基可以例示为与由R1表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基任选地具有的取代基所示的相同的取代基。取代基可以采用的模式与示例性取代基的模式相同。
由R1表示的具有6至40个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至40个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以列举出与前述由Ar1~Ar4表示的具有6至30 个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基示出的基团相同的基团。
由R1表示的具有6至40个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至40个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以是未取代的,或可以具有取代基。取代基可以例示为与由R1表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基任选地具有的取代基所示的相同的取代基。取代基可以采用的模式与示例性取代基的模式相同。此外,两个相邻的R1取代基或两个相邻的R2取代基任选可形成单环或多环的脂肪族、芳香族或者杂芳香族的环系,所述环系可以被一个或多个R2取代;在此处两个或多个取代基R1可以彼此连接并可以形成环。
作为优选的,由R1表示的具有6至40个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至40个碳原子的芳香族杂环基,可以列举:苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基、苯并噻吩并咔唑基、苯并呋喃并咔唑基、苯并芴并咔唑基、苯并蒽基、苯并菲基、芴基、螺双芴基、三嗪基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基、N-苯基咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、苯并咪唑基、二苯基-苯并咪唑基、二苯基-噁二唑基、二苯基硼基、三苯基磷氧基、二苯基磷氧基、三苯基硅基、四苯基硅基等。所述具有6至40个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至40个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以被一个或多个R2取代。
(R2)
R2表示氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氰基、取代或未取代的具有1 至20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基。
由R2表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基可以列举出于前述由R1表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基示出的基团相同的基团。
由R2表示的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以列举出与前述由R1表示的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基示出的基团相同的基团。
由R2表示的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基可以是未取代的,或也可以具有取代基。取代基可以例示出:氘原子;卤素原子,例如氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子;氰基等。
(X和Y)
X和Y各自独立地表示取代或未取代的具有1至8个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有6至24个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至23个碳原子的芳香族杂环基。
(Z)
Z表示CR1或者N。
R1具有如上所定义的含义。
<制造方法>
本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物例如可以通过以下方法制造:
所得化合物的纯化可以例如通过使用柱色谱法的纯化,使用硅胶、活性炭、活性粘土等的吸附纯化,使用溶剂的重结晶或结晶,升华纯化等来进行。化合物的鉴定可以通过质谱、元素分析进行。
在本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物中,优选的,化合物的具体实例如下所示,但本发明绝不限于这些化合物。
<电子器件>
多种含有本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的电子器件可以将根据本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物用于生产可以特别地以层的形式配置的有机材料来生产。特别地,本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物可以用于有机电致发光器件、有机太阳能电池、有机二极管特别是有机场效应晶体管。特别是在有机电致发光器件或太阳能电池的情况下,组件可以具有插销结构(器件具有一个或多个p-掺杂的空穴传输层和/或一个或多个n-掺杂的电子传输层)或倒置结构(从发光层,上电极和空穴传输层位于相同侧同时基板在相对侧),没有限定为这些结构。注入层、传输层、发光层、阻挡层等例如可以通过在电极之间形成包含根据本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物或由根据本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物组成的层来制作。然而,根据本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的使用不限于上述示例性实施方案。
<有机电致发光器件>
本发明的有机电致发光器件包括:第一电极、与第一电极对置而具备的第二电极、以及夹在第一电极与第二电极之间的至少一个有机层,其中所述至少一个有机层包含本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。
参考图3所示,在本发明的有机电致发光器件中,例如,阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极依次设置在基板上。
本发明的有机电致发光器件不限于这样的结构,例如在该多层结构中,可以省略一些有机层。例如,可以是阳极与空穴传输层之间的空穴注入层、发光层与电子传输层之间的空穴阻挡层、以及电子传输层与阴极之间的电子注入层被省略,并且在基板上依次设置阳极、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极的构型。
根据本发明的有机电致发光器件除了上述有机层包含由上述通式(1)表示的化合物以外,可以通过本领域技术领域公知的材料和方法进行制造。另外,在上述有机电致发光器件包含多个有机层的情况下,上述有机层可以由相同的物质或不同的物质形成。
例如,根据本发明的有机电致发光器件可以通过在基板上依次层叠第一电极、有机层和第二电极而制造。此时,可以如下制造:利用溅射法或电子束蒸发法之类的PVD(物理蒸镀法)方法,在基板上蒸镀金属或具有导电性的金属氧化物或它们的合金而形成阳极,然后在该阳极上形成包含空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层和电子传输层的有机层,之后在该有机物层上蒸镀可用作阴极的物质。但是,制造方法并不限定于此。
作为一个例子,上述第一电极为阳极,上述第二电极为阴极,或者上述第一电极为阴极,上述第二电极为阳极。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的阳极,可以由公知的电极材料构成。例如使用具有大的功函数的电极材料,如钒、铬、铜、锌、金等金属或它们的合金;如氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)等金属氧化物;如ZnO:Al或SNO2:Sb等金属与氧化物的组合;聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(亚乙基-1,2-二氧)噻吩](PEDOT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺等导电性高分子等。这些之中,优选ITO。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的空穴注入层,可以使用公知的具有空穴注入性质的材料。例如可列举:以铜酞菁为代表的卟啉化合物、萘二胺衍生物、星型的三苯胺衍生物、分子中具有3个以上三苯胺结构通过单键或不含杂原子的二价基团连接的结构的芳胺化合物等三苯胺三聚体及四聚体、六氰基氮杂苯并菲等受体型杂环化合物、涂布型高分子材料。这些材料可以通过蒸镀法、以及旋涂法、喷墨法等公知方法来形成薄膜。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层,优选使用包含本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。除此之外,还可以使用公知的其他具有空穴传输性的材料。例如可列举:含有间咔唑基苯基的化合物;如 N,N′-二苯基-N,N′-二(间甲苯基)联苯胺(TPD)、N,N′-二苯基-N,N′-(1- 萘基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺(NPB)、N,N,N′,N′-四联苯基联苯胺等联苯胺衍生物;1,1-双[(二-4-甲苯基氨基)苯基]环己烷(TAPC);各种三苯胺三聚体及四聚体;9,9′,9″-三苯基-9H,9′H,9″H-3,3′:6′,3″-三咔唑 (Tris-PCz)等。它们可以单独地成膜,也可以以与其它材料一起混合成膜而成的单层的形式来使用,还可以制成单独成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、混合成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、或者单独成膜而成的层与混合成膜而成的层的层叠结构。这些材料可以通过蒸镀法、以及旋涂法、喷墨法等公知方法来形成薄膜。
此外,空穴注入层或空穴传输层中,也可以使用对于该层中通常使用的材料进一步P掺杂三溴苯胺六氯化锑、轴烯衍生物等而成的物质、其部分结构中具有TPD等联苯胺衍生物的结构的高分子化合物等。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的电子阻挡层,优选使用包含本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。除此之外,还可以使用其他具有电子阻挡作用的公知化合物形成。例如,可列举出:4,4′,4″-三(N-咔唑基)三苯胺(TCTA)、9,9-双[4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基]芴、1,3-双(咔唑-9-基)苯 (mCP)、2,2-双(4-咔唑-9-基苯基)金刚烷(Ad-Cz)等咔唑衍生物; 9-[4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基]-9-[4-(三苯基甲硅烷基)苯基]-9H-芴所代表的具有三苯基甲硅烷基和三芳胺结构的化合物;电子阻挡性高的单胺化合物、各种三苯胺二聚体等具备电子阻挡作用的化合物。它们可以单独地成膜,也可以与其它材料一起混合成膜而成的单层的形式来使用,还可以制成单独成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、混合成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、或者单独成膜而成的层与混合成膜而成的层的层叠结构。这些材料可以通过蒸镀法、以及旋涂法、喷墨法等公知方法来形成薄膜。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的发光层,优选使用包含本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。除此之外,还可以使用以Alq3为首的羟基喹啉衍生物的金属络合物等各种金属络合物、具有嘧啶环结构的化合物、蒽衍生物、双苯乙烯基苯衍生物、芘衍生物、噁唑衍生物、聚对亚苯基亚乙烯基衍生物等。
发光层可以由主体材料和掺杂材料构成。作为主体材料,优选使用包含本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。除此之外,还可以使用mCBP、mCP、噻唑衍生物、苯并咪唑衍生物、聚二烷基芴衍生物、具有吲哚环作为稠合环的部分结构的杂环化合物等。
作为掺杂材料,可以使用芳香族胺衍生物、苯乙烯基胺化合物、硼配合物、荧蒽化合物、金属配合物等。例如,可列举芘衍生物、蒽衍生物、喹吖啶酮、香豆素、红荧烯、苝和它们的衍生物、苯并吡喃衍生物、罗丹明衍生物、氨基苯乙烯基衍生物、螺环双芴衍生物等。它们可以单独地成膜,也可以与其它材料一起混合成膜而成的单层的形式来使用,还可以制成单独成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、混合成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、或者单独成膜而成的层与混合成膜而成的层的层叠结构。这些材料可以通过蒸镀法、以及旋涂法、喷墨法等公知方法来形成薄膜。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的空穴阻挡层,优选使用包含本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。除此之外,还可以使用其他具有空穴阻挡性的化合物来形成。例如可以使用2,4,6-三(3-苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪 (T2T)、1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(TPBi)、浴铜灵(BCP) 等菲咯啉衍生物、铝(III)双(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)-4-苯基苯酚盐(BAlq) 等喹啉醇衍生物的金属络合物、以及各种稀土类络合物、噁唑衍生物、三唑衍生物、三嗪衍生物等具有空穴阻挡作用的化合物。它们可以单独地成膜,也可以以与其它材料一起混合成膜而成的单层的形式来使用,也可以制成单独成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、混合成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、或单独成膜而成的层与混合成膜而成的层的层叠结构。这些材料可以通过蒸镀法、以及旋涂法、喷墨法等公知方法来形成薄膜。
上述具有空穴阻挡性的材料也可以用于下述的电子传输层的形成。即,通过使用上述公知的具有空穴阻挡性的材料,可以形成同时作为空穴阻挡层和电子传输层的层。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的电子传输层,优选使用包含本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。除此之外,还可以使用其他具有电子传输性的化合物形成。例如可以使用Alq3、BAlq为首的羟基喹啉衍生物的金属络合物;各种金属络合物;三唑衍生物;三嗪衍生物;噁二唑衍生物;吡啶衍生物;双(10-羟基苯并[H]喹啉)铍(Be(bq)2);如 2-[4-(9,10-二萘-2-蒽-2-基)苯基]-1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑(ZADN)等苯并咪唑衍生物;噻二唑衍生物;蒽衍生物;碳二亚胺衍生物;喹喔啉衍生物;吡啶并吲哚衍生物;菲咯啉衍生物;噻咯衍生物等。它们可以单独地成膜,也可以以与其它材料一起混合成膜而成的单层的形式来使用,也可以制成单独成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、混合成膜而成的层彼此的层叠结构、或单独成膜而成的层与混合成膜而成的层的层叠结构。这些材料可以通过蒸镀法、以及旋涂法、喷墨法等公知方法来形成薄膜。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的电子注入层,可以使用本身公知的材料形成。例如可以使用氟化锂、氟化铯等碱金属盐;氟化镁等碱土金属盐;羟基喹啉锂等羟基喹啉衍生物的金属络合物;氧化铝等金属氧化物等。
在电子注入层或电子传输层中,对于该层中通常使用的材料,可以使用进而N掺杂铯等金属、三芳基氧化膦衍生物等而成的材料。
作为本发明的有机电致发光器件的阴极,优选使用具有低功函数的电极材料如铝、镁,或者具有低功函数的合金如镁银合金、镁铟合金、铝镁合金作为电极材料。
作为本发明的基板,可以使用传统的有机发光器件中的基板,例如玻璃或塑料。在本发明中,选用玻璃基板。
实施例
在以下实施例中对由上述通式(1)表示的化合物及包含其的有机电致发光器件的制造进行具体说明。但是,下述实施例仅用于对本发明进行例示,本发明的范围不限于此。
实施例1:化合物39的合成
(中间体1-1的合成)
中间体1-1的合成路线如下所示:
在250mL单口烧瓶中依次加入3-(4-溴苯基)-5H-吲哚并[1,2-c]哒嗪-5-酮(6.7g,20mmol)和165mL混合溶剂(乙醇:一缩二乙二醇=1:10(V/V))。在不断搅拌下滴加30mL85%水合肼,体系回流反应12小时。反应完毕,抽滤收集固体,用少量无水乙醇洗涤。粗品经柱层析进一步纯化(石油醚:二氯甲烷=3:1(V/V))。蒸去溶剂,干燥后,得到4.6g白色晶状固体,产率72%。MS(EI):m/z: 323.06[M+]。Anal.calcd for C17H11BrN2(%):C 63.18,H 3.43,N8.67;found:C 63.15,H 3.47,N 8.64。
(中间体1-2的合成)
中间体1-2的合成路线如下所示:
将中间体1-1(3.2g,10mmol)转移到装有滴液漏斗的250mL 三口瓶中,氮气保护下加入100mL四氢呋喃,搅拌溶解,并用冰水浴冷却。在冰浴下加入叔丁醇钠(4.0g,41.7mmol),保持该温度继续搅拌10min后加入碘甲烷(5.9g,41.7mmol)。体系继续搅拌30min 后移去冰浴,体系自行升至室温,并于室温下继续反应过夜。反应结束后抽滤除去不溶物,滤液浓缩后经柱层析纯化(石油醚:二氯甲烷=10:1(V/V))后得白色结晶3.1g,收率89%。MS(EI):m/z:351.08 [M+]。Anal.calcd for C19H15BrN2(%):C 64.97,H 4.30,N7.98;found: C 64.95,H 4.32;N 7.96。
(化合物39的合成)
化合物39的合成路线如下所示:
在氮气保护下,在250mL Schlenk瓶中依次加入中间体1-2(1.7 g,5mmol)、9H-3,9′-联咔唑(1.7g,5.1mmol)、醋酸钯(22.4mg, 0.1mmol)、三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(73mg,0.25mmol)、叔丁醇钠 (1.0g,10mmol)和120mL甲苯,回流搅拌反应12小时。反应完毕,蒸去溶剂,用200mL二氯甲烷溶解残留物,水洗,分出有机层,水层用15mL二氯甲烷萃取两次,合并有机层。蒸去溶剂后,残留物经柱层析分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1(V/V))。蒸去溶剂,干燥后,得到2.3g白色固体,产率76%。MS(EI):m/z:602.68[M+]。 Anal.calcd for C43H30N4(%):C 85.69,H 5.02,N 9.30;found:C 85.66, H 5.06,N 9.26。
实施例2:化合物50的合成
(化合物50的合成)
化合物50的合成路线如下所示:
在氮气保护下,在250mL Schlenk瓶中依次加入中间体1-2(1.7 g,5mmol)、二(4-联苯基)胺(1.7g,5.2mmol)、醋酸钯(11mg, 0.05mmol)、三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(29mg,0.1mmol)、叔丁醇钠 (960mg,10mmol)和120mL甲苯,回流搅拌反应12小时。反应完毕,蒸去溶剂,用200mL二氯甲烷溶解残留物,水洗,分出有机层,水层用15mL二氯甲烷萃取两次,合并有机层。蒸去溶剂后,残留物经柱层析分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=3:1(V/V))。蒸去溶剂,干燥后,得到2.1g白色固体,产率70%。MS(EI):m/z:591.56[M+]。 Anal.calcd for C43H33N3(%):C 87.28,H 5.62,N 7.10;found:C 87.26, H 5.66,N 7.06。
实施例3:化合物130的合成
(中间体1-3的合成)
中间体1-3的合成路线如下所示:
在250mL单口烧瓶中依次加入3-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-5H-吲哚并 [1,2-c]哒嗪-5-酮(6.7g,20mmol)和165mL混合溶剂(乙醇:一缩二乙二醇=1:10(V/V))。在不断搅拌下滴加30mL85%水合肼,体系回流反应12小时。反应完毕,抽滤收集固体,用少量无水乙醇洗涤。粗品经柱层析进一步纯化(石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1(V/V))。蒸去溶剂,干燥后,得到4.3g白色晶状固体,产率66%。MS(EI): m/z:324.02[M+]。Anal.calcd for C17H11BrN2(%):C 63.18,H 3.43, N 8.67;found:C 63.15,H 3.47,N 8.64。
(中间体1-4的合成)
中间体1-4的合成路线如下所示:
将中间体1-3(3.2g,10mmol)转移到装有滴液漏斗的250mL 三口瓶中,氮气保护下加入100mL四氢呋喃,搅拌溶解,并用冰水浴冷却。在冰浴下加入叔丁醇钠(4.0g,41.7mmol),保持该温度继续搅拌10min后加入碘甲烷(5.9g,41.7mmol)。体系继续搅拌30min 后移去冰浴,体系自行升至室温,并于室温下继续反应过夜。反应结束后抽滤除去不溶物,滤液浓缩后经柱层析纯化(石油醚:二氯甲烷=10:1(V/V))后得白色结晶2.5g,收率72%。MS(EI):m/z:352.06 [M+]。Anal.calcd for C18H14BrN3(%):C 61.38,H 4.01,N11.93;found: C 61.35,H 4.05;N 11.90。
(化合物130的合成)
化合物130的合成路线如下所示:
在氮气保护下,在250mL Schlenk瓶中依次加入中间体1-4(1.7 g,5mmol)、9H-3,9′-联咔唑(1.7g,5.1mmol)、醋酸钯(22.4mg, 0.1mmol)、三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(73mg,0.25mmol)、叔丁醇钠 (1.0g,10mmol)和120mL甲苯,回流搅拌反应12小时。反应完毕,蒸去溶剂,用200mL二氯甲烷溶解残留物,水洗,分出有机层,水层用15mL二氯甲烷萃取两次,合并有机层。蒸去溶剂后,残留物经柱层析分离(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1(V/V))。蒸去溶剂,干燥后,得到1.9g白色固体,产率63%。MS(EI):m/z:603.28[M+]。 Anal.calcd for C42H29N5(%):C 83.56,H 4.84,N 11.60;found:C 83.52, H 4.86,N 11.56。
实施例4:含有实施例1的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的有机电致发光器件的制备
参考附图3所示,将空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极依次形成在预先形成为玻璃基板上的透明阳极上。
具体地,将形成有膜厚100nm的ITO膜的玻璃基板在Decon 90碱性清洗液中超声处理,去离子水中冲洗,在丙酮和乙醇中各清洗三次,在洁净的环境下烘烤至完全除去水分,用紫外光和臭氧清洗,并用低能阳离子束轰击表面。将该带有ITO电极的玻璃基板置入真空腔内,抽真空至4×10-4-2×10-5Pa。然后在上述带有ITO电极的玻璃基板上以 0.2nm/s的蒸镀速率蒸镀2,3,6,7,10,11-六氰基-1,4,5,8,9,12-六氮杂苯并菲(HAT-CN)以形成膜厚为10nm的层作为空穴注入层。在空穴注入层上,以0.2nm/s的蒸镀速率蒸镀N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-(1-萘基)-1,1'-联苯 -4,4'-二胺(NPB)以形成膜厚为40nm的层作为空穴传输层。在空穴传输层上,以0.2nm/s的蒸镀速率蒸镀3,3'-二(N-咔唑基)-1,1'-联苯 (mCBP)以形成膜厚为10nm的层作为电子阻挡层(EBL)。在电子阻挡层上,以作为主体材料的实施例1的化合物(化合物39)的蒸镀速率为0.2nm/s、作为掺杂材料的GD1的蒸镀速率为0.16nm/s的蒸镀速率进行双源共蒸,形成膜厚为20nm的层作为发光层,GD1的掺杂重量比例为8wt%。在发光层上,以0.2nm/s的蒸镀速率蒸镀铝(III)双 (2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)-4-苯基苯酚盐(BAlq)以形成膜厚为10nm的层作为空穴阻挡层(HBL)。在空穴阻挡层上,以0.2nm/s的蒸镀速率蒸镀BAlq以形成膜厚为40nm的层作为电子传输层(ETL)。在电子传输层上,以0.1nm/s的蒸镀速率蒸镀8-羟基喹啉-锂(Liq)以形成膜厚为 2nm的层作为电子注入层。最后,以0.5nm/s以上的蒸镀速率蒸镀铝,形成膜厚为100nm的阴极。
实施例5-6:含有实施例2-3的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物的有机电致发光器件的制备
除了使用以下表1中的化合物分别代替实施例4的各层中的化合物以外,有机电致发光器件制备条件均相同。
比较例1-2:有机电致发光器件对比例1-2的制备
除了使用以下表1中的化合物分别代替实施例4的各层中的化合物以外,有机电致发光器件制备条件均相同。
实施例和比较例涉及的化合物结构如下:
表1为上述实施例4-6与对比例1-2中制备的有机电致发光器件的结构和各层的膜厚厚度如下:
器件的电流-亮度-电压特性是由带有校正过的硅光电二极管的 Keithley源测量系(Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter、Keithley 2000 Currentmeter)完成的,电致发光光谱是由Photo research公司PR655光谱仪测量的,器件的外部量子效率通过文献Adv.Mater.,2003,15, 1043–1048的方法计算可得。
器件寿命的测定为:将发光开始时的发光亮度(初始亮度)设定为10000cd/m2,进行恒定电流驱动直到发光亮度衰减到9500cd/m2(对应于95%,其中初始亮度取作100%:95%衰减)的时间。以GD1作为掺杂剂的器件寿命是指以10000cd/m2为初始亮度,衰减到9500cd/m2 (对应于95%,其中初始亮度取作100%:95%衰减)的时间。所有器件均在氮气环境中封装。
在常温下大气中当施加直流电压时,表2为本发明中实施例4-6 与对比例1-2的对比结果如下:
由表2可见,本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物获得了优异的性能数据。
比较例2和实施例6采用GD1作为掺杂剂,实施例6的主体材料为本发明的化合物130。通过器件性能数据的对比可见,实施例6 具有更低的工作电压,外部量子效率相对提高了15%以上,器件寿命 (95%)也明显要来的更长。
由上可见,本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物相对于现有技术常用的材料可以有效降低工作电压,提高外量子效率和器件寿命。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物具有优异的发光效率和寿命特性、低驱动电压。因此,由该化合物可以制备具有极佳使用寿命的有机电致发光器件。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所有的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物,其特征在于,其由下述通式(1)表示:
其中,L1和L2各自独立地表示单键、羰基、具有6至18个碳原子的芳香族烃基或具有5至18个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
m和n各自独立地为0~4的整数,并且m和n不同时为0;
Ar1~Ar4各自独立地表示任选被一个或多个R1取代的、具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或任选被一个或多个R1取代的、具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
X和Y各自独立地表示取代或未取代的具有1至8个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有6至24个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至23个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
Z表示CR1或者N;
R1表示氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、氰基、NO2、N(R2)2、OR2、SR2、C(=O)R2、P(=O)R2、Si(R2)3、取代或未取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有2至20个碳原子的烯基、取代或未取代的具有2至20个碳原子的炔基、取代或未取代的具有6至40个碳原子的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的具有5至40个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个;
R2表示氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、氰基、取代或未取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有6至30个碳原子的芳香族烃基或取代或未取代的具有5至30个碳原子的芳香族杂环基中的一个或多个。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物,其特征在于,所述R1和R2各自独立地表示苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基、苯并噻吩并咔唑、苯并呋喃并咔唑、苯并芴并咔唑、苯并蒽、苯并菲、芴基、螺双芴基、三嗪基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基、N-苯基咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、苯并咪唑基、二苯基-苯并咪唑基、二苯基-噁二唑基、二苯基硼基、三苯基磷氧基、二苯基磷氧基、三苯基硅基或四苯基硅基中的一个或多个。
7.权利要求1-5中任一所述的3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物在电子器件中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电子器件,其特征在于,所述电子器件为有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管或有机太阳能电池;
其中,所述有机电致发光器件包括:第一电极、与所述第一电极对置而具备的第二电极以及夹在所述第一电极与第二电极之间的至少一个有机层,所述至少一个有机层包含3,4-二氮杂芴衍生物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电子器件,其特征在于,所述至少一个有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层或电子传输层。
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