CN110843607A - Optimization method for design parameters of lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit - Google Patents

Optimization method for design parameters of lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit Download PDF

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CN110843607A
CN110843607A CN201911247534.3A CN201911247534A CN110843607A CN 110843607 A CN110843607 A CN 110843607A CN 201911247534 A CN201911247534 A CN 201911247534A CN 110843607 A CN110843607 A CN 110843607A
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circuit
output current
lithium battery
battery
current
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胡广地
张露
郭峰
赵利民
赛影辉
胡坚耀
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Sichuan Jiaya Automobile Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization method of design parameters of a lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit, which comprises the steps of constructing a transformer primary coil current model, an input current model and an output current model by adopting an equivalent circuit model in the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit; designing weight factors corresponding to the energy efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average value of the output current according to the output current, the average value of the output current and the priority of the energy consumption efficiency of the bidirectional balancing circuit of the lithium battery; constructing a dimensionless index model representing the performance of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit according to the energy consumption efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average value of the output current of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit; constructing an objective function for optimizing the duty ratio and the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer based on the duty ratio of the bidirectional equalizing circuit of the lithium battery, the constraint condition of the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer and a dimensionless index model; and solving the objective function by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the duty ratio and the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer.

Description

Optimization method for design parameters of lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method for optimizing design parameters of a bidirectional equalization circuit of a lithium battery.
Background
Lithium ion power batteries and nickel-hydrogen power batteries are two most widely applied power batteries in electric automobiles at present. Among energy storage components of a battery, a Battery Management System (BMS) plays a crucial role in the safety and the service life of the battery.
The battery balance control system is used as a part of energy control management in the BMS and plays a key role in the power battery pack. The battery pack balancing control system mainly comprises a balancing circuit and a balancing control strategy, wherein the balancing circuit is a 'movement center' of the system and can directly regulate and control the state of a battery, so that the difference in the battery pack is reduced, and the effects of improving the safety of the battery pack and prolonging the service life of the battery pack are achieved.
At present, in order to improve the power balance efficiency, parameter optimization of the traditional balance circuit design is blind, parameters of the balance circuit are selected by a method of directly building a circuit model in software and combining circuit design experience, a mathematical expression of the work process of the balance circuit is not deduced, indexes of parameter optimization in the balance circuit design in the traditional method are simple and are not comprehensive, and the indexes do not have a clear mathematical expression, so that the parameter optimization method of the traditional balance circuit design cannot give consideration to energy consumption efficiency and balance speed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the optimization method for the design parameters of the bidirectional equalization circuit of the lithium battery can optimize through the duty ratio in the circuit and the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer so as to take energy consumption efficiency and equalization speed into consideration.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for optimizing the design parameters of the bidirectional equalization circuit of the lithium battery comprises the following steps:
constructing a transformer primary coil current model, an input current model and an output current model which both comprise transformer primary coil inductance and the duty ratio and the period of a PWM pulse signal by adopting an equivalent circuit model in a lithium battery bidirectional equalizing circuit;
designing weight factors corresponding to the energy efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average value of the output current according to the output current, the average value of the output current and the priority of the energy consumption efficiency of the bidirectional balancing circuit of the lithium battery;
constructing a dimensionless index model representing the performance of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit according to the energy consumption efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average value of the output current of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit;
based on the duty ratio of the lithium battery bidirectional equalizing circuit, the constraint condition of the transformer primary coil inductance and a dimensionless index model, constructing an objective function for optimizing the duty ratio and the transformer primary coil inductance:
Figure BDA0002308104120000021
wherein E is a dimensionless index model; dminAnd DmaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the duty ratio D; l isminAnd LmaxRespectively primary coil inductance L of transformer1Minimum and maximum values of;
and solving the objective function by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the duty ratio and the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the scheme, a model of three currents in the bidirectional equalizing circuit is established, the requirements of the bidirectional equalizing circuit are comprehensively considered, a dimensionless index representing the performance of the circuit is established, and the characteristics and the requirements of the bidirectional equalizing circuit are comprehensively considered by the index; and then, constructing an objective function according to the dimensionless indexes, and solving by adopting a genetic algorithm under the condition that the dimensionless indexes are minimum in the process of solving the objective function to obtain the duty ratio and the transformer primary coil inductance which meet the constraint condition, namely an optimal solution.
When the dimensionless index is minimum, the balance performance of the representation bidirectional balance circuit is better, the speed is higher and the energy consumption is smaller.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit to which the optimization method of the present scheme is applied.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing design parameters of a bidirectional equalization circuit of a lithium battery.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, two dotted line frames in the bidirectional equalization circuit of the lithium battery both represent an equivalent circuit model (Rint model) of the battery, the left loop is an energy output loop, and the right loop is an energy input loop. When the strategy of 'compensating weak batteries' is adopted, the battery pack u connected in series is equivalent in the left dotted line frameocv1And R01Respectively obtaining the equivalent open-circuit voltage and the equivalent resistance of the battery pack, and equivalently obtaining the unit batteries to be charged in a right dotted line frameocv2And R02Respectively taking the equivalent open-circuit voltage and the equivalent resistance of the single body. When a strategy of weakening strong batteries is adopted, the primary loop of the circuit diagram is a single battery, and the secondary loop is a battery pack.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for optimizing design parameters of a bidirectional equalization circuit of a lithium battery; as shown in fig. 2, the method 200 includes steps 201 to 205.
In step 201, an equivalent circuit model in a lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit is used to construct a transformer primary coil current model, an input current model and an output current model both including transformer primary coil inductance and duty ratio and period of a PWM pulse signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the input current model is used to calculate an input current at any time of any cycle when the primary circuit is turned on and the secondary circuit is turned off, and an expression of the input current model is as follows:
wherein iin(t)Is the input current at any time of any period;
Figure BDA0002308104120000042
is a primary coil L of a transformer1Electromotive force of (2); c is the capacitance value in the loop; t is the period of the PWM pulse signal; s1And s2For two roots of the characteristic equation a(s) of the rahrase transform which are not 0, the expression of a(s) is:
Figure BDA0002308104120000043
wherein n ═ Rd+RonFor internal resistance R of diode in MOS tubedAnd the internal resistance R of the switch tube in the MOS tubeonSumming;
when u isocv(1)-uC10(1)When not equal to 0, intermediate parameter B1(s)、C0、C1、C2And C3(1)Are respectively:
Figure BDA0002308104120000044
Figure BDA0002308104120000045
when u isocv(1)-uC10(1)When equal to 0, intermediate parametersB1(s)、C0、C1、C2And C3(1)Are respectively:
Figure BDA0002308104120000046
wherein n ═ Rd+RonFor internal resistance R of diode in MOS tubedAnd the internal resistance R of the switch tube in the MOS tubeonSumming; s is a variable in a Laplace transformation characteristic equation; u. ofocv1(1)The open-circuit voltage of the primary circuit battery or the battery pack at the moment t ═ 1; u. ofC10(1)Is the voltage u across the primary loop capacitorC1(t)An initial value of (1); b is1(0) The solution when s is 0; m ═ R01+R1For primary circuit battery or battery equivalent internal resistance R01And a primary loop resistance R1The sum of (1); u. ofocv1(Z)Is the open circuit voltage of the primary circuit battery or battery pack at time Z.
The output current model is used for calculating the output current at any time in any period when the primary circuit is disconnected and the secondary circuit is connected, and the expression of the output current model is as follows:
Figure BDA0002308104120000051
and i isout(t)≥0,ZT-T+DT≤t<ZT
Wherein iout(t)Is the output current at any time of any period; i.e. iout0(1)Current i of secondary loop battery for system inputout(t)An initial value of (1); u ═ R02+R2For the equivalent internal resistance R of the secondary loop battery01And a resistance R in the secondary loop2The sum of (1); u. ofocv2(Z)The open-circuit voltage of the secondary loop battery in the Z step length; l is2Is the secondary coil inductance value; i.e. i20(1)And i20(Z)The initial values of the current flowing through the secondary coil at the switching moment of the switch in the first step length and the Z-th step length are respectively; s3And s4For Laplace transform of the characteristic equation G(s)Two nonzero roots in 0; g(s)The expression of (a) is:
the transformer primary coil current model is used for calculating the current of the transformer primary coil at the moment of switching off the counterattack type transformer switch, and the expression of the transformer primary coil current model is as follows:
Figure BDA0002308104120000053
Figure BDA0002308104120000054
wherein i1(ZT-T+DT)Is the current of the primary coil of the transformer; a. a is0、a1、a2Are all intermediate parameters; u. ofocv1(Z)Is the open circuit voltage of the primary circuit battery or battery pack at time Z.
In step 202, according to the priorities of the output current, the average output current value and the energy consumption efficiency of the bidirectional lithium battery equalization circuit, designing weight factors corresponding to the energy efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average output current value:
w＝(γ1γ2γ3γ4)T＝(40 10 100 40)T
wherein w is a weight factor matrix; (.)TIs transposed.
In step 203, a dimensionless index model representing the performance of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit is constructed according to the energy consumption efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average value of the output current of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit;
in implementation, the preferable dimensionless index model in the scheme is as follows:
Figure BDA0002308104120000061
wherein E is a dimensionless index; gamma ray1、γ2、γ3γ4Respectively energy efficiency and energy transmissionThe weight factors of the average values of the input current, the output current and the output current to the performance indexes; i.e. iin(max)、iout(max)Maximum values of the input current and the output current respectively;
Figure BDA0002308104120000062
as an average value of the output current ηmaxIs an efficiency threshold; i.e. iinset、ioutsetSetting an input current threshold and an output current threshold respectively;
Figure BDA0002308104120000063
to set the threshold for the average value of the output current.
Wherein, the expression of the energy consumption efficiency is as follows:
Figure BDA0002308104120000064
Figure BDA0002308104120000065
Figure BDA0002308104120000066
wherein E isout(Z)Outputting energy for the Z-th period lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit; ein(Z)Inputting energy for the Z-th period lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit; u. ofocv1(Z)The open-circuit voltage of the primary circuit battery or the battery pack at the moment Z; u. ofocv(Z)The secondary loop battery open circuit voltage at time z.
In step 204, based on the duty ratio of the lithium battery bidirectional equalizing circuit, the constraint condition of the transformer primary coil inductance and the dimensionless index model, an objective function for optimizing the duty ratio and the transformer primary coil inductance is constructed:
wherein E is a dimensionless index model; dminAnd DmaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the duty ratio D of the PWM pulse signal; l isminAnd LmaxRespectively primary coil inductance L of transformer1Minimum and maximum values of;
in step 205, a genetic algorithm is used to solve the objective function to obtain an optimal solution of the duty ratio and the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer.
The method steps S1 and S6 for solving the objective function using a genetic algorithm include:
in step S1, the initial values of the duty ratio and the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer are used as an initial population; selecting an initial population number N as 100, wherein the maximum genetic algebra of the genetic algorithm is N as 300, and the initial population meets the condition:
Figure BDA0002308104120000072
in step S2, calculating a fitness according to the initial population and using a dimensionless index model as a fitness function;
in step S3, the iteration number of the genetic algorithm is judged to be larger than the maximum genetic algebra 300 or | Ei+1-Ei|≤10-6Whether the result is true or not;
in step S4, if the number of iterations is > 300 or | Ei+1-Ei|≤10-6Outputting the current duty ratio and the optimal solution of the current transformer primary coil as the duty ratio and the transformer primary coil inductance;
in step S5, if the number of iterations > 300 and | Ei+1-Ei|≤10-6If not, selecting, crossing and mutating the current duty ratio and the current transformer primary coil;
in step S6, the fitness is calculated using the crossover, the varied duty ratio, and the transformer primary and fitness functions, and then the process returns to step S3.
In summary, the optimization method provided by the scheme adopts the parameters characterizing the circuit performance in the equalization circuit to construct the model, and solves the model to optimize the parameters in a manner of considering the equalization speed and the energy consumption, so that the accuracy is better compared with the traditional parameter optimization based on circuit design experience, and meanwhile, the method has a theoretical basis.

Claims (7)

1. The optimization method of the design parameters of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a transformer primary coil current model, an input current model and an output current model which both comprise transformer primary coil inductance and the duty ratio and the period of a PWM pulse signal by adopting an equivalent circuit model in a lithium battery bidirectional equalizing circuit;
designing weight factors corresponding to the energy efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average value of the output current according to the output current, the average value of the output current and the priority of the energy consumption efficiency of the bidirectional balancing circuit of the lithium battery;
constructing a dimensionless index model representing the performance of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit according to the energy consumption efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average value of the output current of the lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit;
based on the duty ratio of the lithium battery bidirectional equalizing circuit, the constraint condition of the transformer primary coil inductance and a dimensionless index model, constructing an objective function for optimizing the duty ratio and the transformer primary coil inductance:
Figure FDA0002308104110000011
wherein E is a dimensionless index model; dminAnd DmaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the duty ratio D of the PWM pulse signal; l isminAnd LmaxRespectively primary coil inductance L of transformer1Minimum and maximum values of;
and solving the objective function by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of the duty ratio and the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer.
2. The method for optimizing the design parameters of the bidirectional equalization circuit of the lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dimensionless index model is:
Figure FDA0002308104110000012
wherein E is a dimensionless index; gamma ray1、γ2、γ3、γ4Respectively weighting factors of the energy efficiency, the input current, the output current and the average value of the output current to the performance index; i.e. iin(max)、iout(max)Maximum values of the input current and the output current respectively;
Figure FDA0002308104110000021
as an average value of the output current ηmaxIs an efficiency threshold; i.e. iinset、ioutsetSetting an input current threshold and an output current threshold respectively;
Figure FDA0002308104110000022
to set the threshold for the average value of the output current.
3. The method for optimizing the design parameters of the bidirectional equalization circuit of the lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the input current model is used for calculating the input current at any time in any period when the primary circuit is switched on and the secondary circuit is switched off, and the expression of the input current model is as follows:
Figure FDA0002308104110000023
wherein iin(t)Is the input current at any time of any period;
Figure FDA0002308104110000024
is a primary coil L of a transformer1Electromotive force of (2); c is the capacitance value in the loop; t is the period of the PWM pulse signal; s1And s2For two roots of the characteristic equation a(s) of the rahrase transform which are not 0, the expression of a(s) is:
Figure FDA0002308104110000025
wherein n ═ Rd+RonFor internal resistance R of diode in MOS tubedAnd the internal resistance R of the switch tube in the MOS tubeonSumming;
when u isocv(1)-uC10(1)When not equal to 0, intermediate parameter B1(s)、C0、C1、C2And C3(1)Are respectively:
Figure FDA0002308104110000026
Figure FDA0002308104110000027
when u isocv(1)-uC10(1)When equal to 0, the intermediate parameter B1(s)、C0、C1、C2And C3(1)Are respectively:
B1(S)＝1；
Figure FDA0002308104110000028
wherein n ═ Rd+RonFor internal resistance R of diode in MOS tubedAnd the internal resistance R of the switch tube in the MOS tubeonSumming; s is a variable in a Laplace transformation characteristic equation; u. ofocv1(1)The open-circuit voltage of the primary circuit battery or the battery pack at the moment t ═ 1; u. ofC10(1)Is the voltage u across the primary loop capacitorC1(t)An initial value of (1); b is1(0) The solution when s is 0; m ═ R01+R1For primary circuit battery or battery equivalent internal resistance R01And a primary loop resistance R1The sum of (1); u. ofocv1(Z)Is the open circuit voltage of the primary circuit battery or battery pack at time Z.
4. The method for optimizing the design parameters of the bidirectional equalization circuit of the lithium battery as recited in claim 3, wherein the output current model is used for calculating the output current at any time in any cycle when the primary circuit is disconnected and the secondary circuit is connected, and the expression of the output current model is as follows:
Figure FDA0002308104110000031
wherein iout(t)Is the output current at any time of any period; i.e. iout0(1)Current i of secondary loop battery for system inputout(t)An initial value of (1); u ═ R02+R2For the equivalent internal resistance R of the secondary loop battery01And a resistance R in the secondary loop2The sum of (1); u. ofocv2(Z)The open-circuit voltage of the secondary loop battery in the Z step length; l is2Is the secondary coil inductance value; i.e. i20(1)And i20(Z)The initial values of the current flowing through the secondary coil at the switching moment of the switch in the first step length and the Z-th step length are respectively; s3And s4For Laplace transform of the characteristic equation G(s)Two nonzero roots in 0; g(s)The expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002308104110000032
5. the method for optimizing the design parameters of the bidirectional equalizing circuit of the lithium batteries as claimed in claim 4, wherein the transformer primary coil current model is used for calculating the current of the transformer primary coil at the moment of switching off the counterattack transformer switch, and the expression of the transformer primary coil current model is as follows:
Figure FDA0002308104110000033
Figure FDA0002308104110000041
wherein i1(ZT-T+DT)Is the current of the primary coil of the transformer; a. a is0、a1、a2Are all intermediate parameters; u. ofocv1(Z)Is the open circuit voltage of the primary circuit battery or battery pack at time Z.
6. The method for optimizing the design parameters of the bidirectional lithium battery equalization circuit according to claim 5, wherein the expression of the energy consumption efficiency is as follows:
Figure FDA0002308104110000042
Figure FDA0002308104110000043
Figure FDA0002308104110000044
wherein E isout(Z)Outputting energy for the Z-th period lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit; ein(Z)Inputting energy for the Z-th period lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit; u. ofocv1(Z)The open-circuit voltage of the primary circuit battery or the battery pack at the moment Z; u. ofocv(Z)The secondary loop battery open circuit voltage at time z.
7. The method for optimizing the design parameters of the bidirectional equalization circuit of the lithium battery as recited in claim 1, wherein the weight factors of the energy efficiency, the input current, the output current, the average value of the output current to the performance index are as follows:
w＝(γ1γ2γ3γ4)T＝(40 10 100 40)T
wherein w is a weight factor matrix; (.)TIs transposed.
CN201911247534.3A 2019-12-09 2019-12-09 Optimization method for design parameters of lithium battery bidirectional equalization circuit Pending CN110843607A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200228