CN110843566B

CN110843566B - Electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen production fuel cell power generation

Info

Publication number: CN110843566B
Application number: CN201910964052.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张丁
Original assignee: Lixing Hydrogen Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Dezhou Xindongneng Iron Tower Power Generation Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-11
Filing date: 2019-10-11
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-11
Also published as: CN110843566A

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen production fuel cell power generation, which comprises a main storage device, a centralized liquid supply system and a plurality of fuel cell power generation systems, wherein the main storage device is used for storing hydrogen-containing fuel of the charging station, the centralized liquid supply system is used for conveying the hydrogen-containing fuel stored in the main storage device to the hydrogen production system to prepare hydrogen, each fuel cell power generation system comprises a fuel cell power generator set and an electric vehicle charging pile, the fuel cell power generator set utilizes the hydrogen prepared by the hydrogen production system to perform electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy, and the electric vehicle charging pile stores the generated electric energy and charges the electric vehicle. The charging station which takes the hydrogen compound as the raw material and adopts the fuel cell generator set to generate electricity is distributed, so that the charging of the household electric automobile based on the storage battery is realized, a special power transmission network does not need to be paved again in a large area, and the early-stage investment cost and the construction time are saved; and the problem of inconvenient charging in the long-distance travel of the electric automobile is solved.

Description

Electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen production fuel cell power generation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy charging, in particular to an electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen production fuel cell power generation.

Background

As society becomes more aware of energy and environmental issues, people are aware that society must take sustainable development paths in resource exploitation, environmental protection, and the like to balance the relationship between human beings and the nature. This means that there is a need for innovation in various tools currently used by humans, moving from the use of fossil fuels as a motive force for tools to the use of renewable or clean energy. Among them, new energy vehicles represented by electric vehicles are gradually replacing gasoline and diesel fuel-fired vehicles, so that electric vehicles are increasingly used as main vehicles for private trips.

Along with the popularization and application of the electric vehicle, the charging problem of the electric vehicle, in particular the problem of rapidly charging the electric vehicle in the long-distance driving period, is more and more obvious. The fast charging of the electric automobile needs strong instantaneous output power, the conventional power transmission power grid cannot meet the requirement, and a special fast charging power grid must be established, which means that a special power transmission power grid needs to be re-laid nationwide, the cost is huge, the engineering is complex, and the realization condition is not met in a short period. And for some more remote national roads, the total number of the daily-average charging vehicles is less, and if the special power grid is utilized to cover, the investment cost is high, the transmission distance is long, and the economy is unreasonable.

Therefore, there is a need for a charging station capable of charging electric vehicles halfway and far while reducing the early investment cost and construction time.

Disclosure of Invention

Objects of the invention

In order to overcome at least one defect in the prior art, reduce the early investment cost and the construction time of a charging station, solve the problem of inconvenient charging for long-distance running electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, start and stop charging piles and related systems thereof based on the predicted charging requirements to reduce the operation cost of the charging station, balance the charging service operation cost of the charging station and the waiting time of queuing and waiting for charging of users, ensure that the charging experience of the users is not greatly influenced, and save the operation cost of the charging station, the invention discloses the following technical scheme.

(II) technical scheme

As a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention discloses an electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen production fuel cell power generation, comprising:

a total storage device for storing the hydrogen-containing fuel of the charging station;

the centralized liquid supply system is used for conveying the hydrogen-containing fuel to the hydrogen production system to produce hydrogen;

the fuel cell power generation system comprises a fuel cell power generation unit and an electric automobile charging pile, the fuel cell power generation unit utilizes hydrogen prepared by the hydrogen preparation system to perform electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy, and the electric automobile charging pile stores the generated electric energy and is used for charging an electric automobile.

In one possible embodiment, each of the fuel cell power generation systems includes the hydrogen production system, and further, each of the fuel cell power generation systems further includes:

the sub-storage device is used for storing the hydrogen-containing fuel which is conveyed to the hydrogen production system by the centralized liquid supply system;

the branch liquid supply system is used for conveying the hydrogen-containing fuel of the sub storage device to the corresponding hydrogen production system; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the hydrogen production system utilizes the hydrogen-containing fuel conveyed by the branch liquid supply system to prepare hydrogen and conveys the prepared hydrogen to the corresponding fuel cell generator set.

In one possible embodiment, the charging station further comprises:

the methanol water filling system is used for filling hydrogen-containing fuel to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the centralized liquid supply system is also used for conveying hydrogen-containing fuel to the methanol-water filling system.

In one possible embodiment, the charging station further comprises a charging pile control system, the charging pile control system comprising:

the system comprises a target establishing module, a charging station charging module and a charging management module, wherein the target establishing module is used for establishing a target function representing the operating state of the charging station, and the operating state of the charging station reflects the operating cost of the charging station and the time cost of queuing charging of users;

the constraint establishing module is used for establishing a constraint condition which enables the running cost to be lowest under the condition of meeting the predicted charging requirement of the electric vehicle in a set time period, and establishing a constraint condition which meets the queuing tolerance degree of a user;

the quantity solving module is used for solving the objective function by utilizing a genetic algorithm to obtain the starting quantity of the charging piles within the set time period;

the start-stop control module is used for controlling the opening and closing of the electric automobile charging pile of the fuel cell power generation system according to the opening number; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the electric vehicle charging demand is at least obtained through predicting the total number of the electric vehicles and the charging probability of a single electric vehicle.

In a possible embodiment, the charging pile control system further includes:

and the demand prediction module is used for predicting the electric vehicle charging demand of the charging station in the service range and the set time period.

In a possible implementation manner, the electric vehicle charging demand is further obtained by matching a charging mode and/or a single charging quantity of an electric vehicle with the total number of the electric vehicles and the single electric vehicle charging probability prediction;

the constraint establishing module also establishes constraints that satisfy a range of ratios of the numbers of vehicles in different charge modes, and/or establishes constraints that satisfy a range of ratios of the numbers of types of vehicles that differ for each single charge.

In one possible embodiment, the electric vehicle charging demand is predicted from an average demand over a period of time.

In one possible embodiment, the number solving module establishes a fitness function before solving the objective function, and initializes at least one of a cross probability, a mutation probability, a population size, a termination evolution algebra, and an fitness threshold.

In one possible embodiment, when the start-stop control module controls the start-up and shut-down of the fuel cell power generation system, the start-stop control module further:

controlling the opening and closing of a corresponding hydrogen production system and a liquid supply system for supplying raw materials to the hydrogen production system; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

and adjusting the power of the corresponding hydrogen production system to correspondingly adjust so as to correspondingly increase and decrease the hydrogen output of the hydrogen production system.

In a possible embodiment, the start-stop control module further controls the fuel cell power generation system to be turned on and off according to the charging pile opening number of the charging station before the set time period; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

and when the difference value between the charging pile opening quantity before the set time interval and the predicted charging pile opening quantity in the set time interval is lower than a set threshold value, the start-stop control module stops opening and closing the corresponding fuel cell power generation system.

As a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention discloses a method for controlling an electric vehicle charging station that generates electricity based on a reforming hydrogen production fuel cell, comprising:

establishing an objective function representing the operation state of the charging station, wherein the operation state of the charging station reflects the operation cost of the charging station and the time cost of queuing and charging of users;

establishing a constraint condition which enables the running cost to be lowest under the condition of meeting the predicted charging requirement of the electric vehicle in a set time period, and establishing a constraint condition which meets the queuing tolerance degree of a user;

solving the objective function by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the starting number of the charging piles within the set time period;

controlling the opening and closing of an electric automobile charging pile of the fuel cell power generation system according to the opening number; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

In one possible embodiment, the method further comprises:

and predicting the charging demand of the electric vehicle of the charging station within the service range and the set time period.

In a possible implementation manner, the electric vehicle charging demand is further obtained by matching a charging mode and/or a single charging quantity of an electric vehicle with the total number of the electric vehicles and the single electric vehicle charging probability prediction; and the number of the first and second electrodes,

the control method further comprises the following steps: the constraint condition satisfying the range of the ratio of the numbers of vehicles requiring different charge modes is established, and/or the constraint condition satisfying the range of the ratio of the numbers of types of vehicles differing in each single charge amount is established.

In a possible implementation, before solving the objective function, the method further includes:

establishing a fitness function; and

initializing at least one of cross probability, mutation probability, population size, termination evolution algebra and fitness threshold.

In one possible embodiment, the controlling the turning on and off of the fuel cell power generation system further includes:

controlling the corresponding hydrogen production system and a liquid supply system for supplying raw materials to the hydrogen production system to be opened and closed; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

In one possible embodiment, the fuel cell power generation system is also controlled to be turned on and off according to the charging pile opening number of the charging station before the set time period; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

and when the difference value between the charging pile opening quantity before the set time interval and the predicted charging pile opening quantity in the set time interval is lower than a set threshold value, stopping opening and closing the corresponding fuel cell power generation system.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention discloses an electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen production fuel cell power generation and a control method thereof, and the charging station has the following beneficial effects:

1. the charging station which takes the hydrogen compound as the raw material and adopts the fuel cell generator set to generate electricity is distributed, so that the charging of the household electric vehicle based on the storage battery is realized, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, a special power transmission network is not required to be paved again in a large area, the methanol water raw material is supplemented to the charging station through a transport tool according to the charging service condition, and the early-stage investment cost and the construction time are saved; and the charging station can set up along the way at comparatively far away highway, has solved the inconvenient problem of charging in the middle of the electric automobile long-distance travel.

2. The liquid supply control function of the fuel cell power generation system is transferred to the sub-storage device and each branch liquid supply system, so that the fuel cell power generation systems of different types and different states can be controlled respectively.

3. This charging station still is equipped with the methanol-water filling system who supplements the methanol-water fuel for hydrogen fuel cell car specially, has solved the midway and long-distance problem of charging of hydrogen fuel cell car.

4. The number of the charging piles capable of meeting the charging requirements of the users under the condition that the excessive users are not queued for charging is calculated by utilizing a genetic algorithm, and the charging piles of corresponding number are controlled to start and stop the charging stations according to the number of the charging piles, so that the charging service running cost of the charging stations and the waiting time of the users in line for charging are balanced, the opening number of the charging piles is reduced on the premise of avoiding influencing the charging experience of the users, and the charging station running cost is saved on the premise of meeting the charging requirements of the users.

5. By considering the charging mode of the electric vehicle and the single charging amount, the composition of the charging requirement of the electric vehicle is further refined, so that the number of the charging piles obtained by calculation is closer to the real situation, and the electric vehicle charging system is better suitable for users with more different types of charging requirements.

6. When controlling fuel cell power generation system to open and close, except closing corresponding electric pile and generating set of filling, still open and close corresponding hydrogen manufacturing system and hydrogen supply pipeline, perhaps adjust the power of hydrogen manufacturing system to fill electric pile and open the quantity and adjust the hydrogen demand, make hydrogen supply volume and generated energy phase-match, save the cost of setting up large-scale hydrogen storage tank and keep the cost of hydrogen safe storage.

7. Through setting a threshold value, the opening times of the fuel cell of a part of charging pile can be reduced under the condition that the charging requirement is not influenced and the waiting time of a user is not prolonged, unnecessary and untight starting and stopping actions are reduced, the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, and the operating cost of a charging station is saved.

Drawings

The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining and illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of an electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen-producing fuel cell power generation disclosed by the invention.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen-producing fuel cell power generation disclosed by the invention.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of the electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen-producing fuel cell power generation disclosed by the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of the electric vehicle charging station control method based on reforming hydrogen production fuel cell power generation disclosed by the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

It should be noted that: the embodiments described are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and features in embodiments and embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The division of modules, units or components herein is merely a logical division, and other divisions may be possible in an actual implementation, for example, a plurality of modules and/or units may be combined or integrated in another system. Modules, units, or components described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate. The components displayed as cells may or may not be physical cells, and may be located in a specific place or distributed in grid cells. Therefore, some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to implement the scheme of the embodiment.

A first embodiment of the reforming hydrogen-producing fuel cell-based power generation electric vehicle charging station disclosed in the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.

As shown in fig. 1, the electric vehicle charging station disclosed in this embodiment mainly includes: the system comprises a total storage device, a centralized liquid supply system, a hydrogen production system and at least one fuel cell power generation system.

The total storage device is used for storing the hydrogen-containing fuel of the charging station. The power generation raw material in the charging station is a hydrogen-containing fuel, for example, an aqueous solution of a hydrogen compound such as methanol water. In this embodiment, liquid methanol-water is used as the hydrogen-containing fuel.

The input end of the centralized liquid supply system is connected with the output end of the main storage device and used for conveying the hydrogen-containing fuel stored in the main storage device to the hydrogen production system according to the consumption requirement so that the hydrogen production system can produce hydrogen.

Each fuel cell power generation system comprises a fuel cell generator set and an electric automobile charging pile, wherein the electric automobile charging pile is hereinafter referred to as a charging pile for short. The input end of the fuel cell generator set is connected with the output end of the hydrogen production system and is used for generating electric energy by utilizing the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production system to carry out electrochemical reaction. The charging pile stores electric energy generated by a fuel cell generator set of the same fuel cell power generation system, and when an electric automobile is charged in the front, the electric automobile is charged by using the electric energy.

The electric vehicle charging station can also be equipped with a storage battery for peak clipping and valley filling of the charging station, namely, for storing redundant electric energy generated by the fuel cell generator set, realizing the buffer of electric quantity storage, and delivering the electric energy to a user vehicle through the electric vehicle charging pile when needed. The storage battery can be a generator set and a charging pile which are provided for each fuel cell power generation system and are special for the fuel cell power generation system; it is also possible that a plurality of or even all of the fuel cell power generation systems share a single storage battery.

The hydrogen production and power generation matching technology of the hydrogen production system and the fuel cell generator set can adopt the following steps:

(1) methanol reforming + high temperature fuel cells. The medium-temperature fuel cell refers to a proton exchange membrane technology with the working temperature of above 160 ℃. Compared with a normal temperature/low temperature system with the working temperature of about 85 ℃, the 160 ℃ working temperature of the high-temperature fuel cell can ensure that the products of the hydrogen after reaction in the galvanic pile are all water vapor without the possibility of liquid water.

(2) Hydrogen production by methanol reforming, hydrogen purification and low-temperature fuel cells. The technical route is the integration of a methanol reforming hydrogen production technology and a low-temperature pure hydrogen fuel cell technology, and specifically comprises the steps of purifying hydrogen-rich obtained by reforming methanol water to obtain high-purity hydrogen with the purity of 99.99%, and then sending the high-purity hydrogen to a fuel cell stack for power generation.

In the hydrogen production technology, the purity of the hydrogen is as high as 6 and 9, so that the system life and the efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved; and the tail gas recycling technology is adopted, so that the discharged carbon dioxide can be recovered, and zero emission can be realized. The hydrogen production system is adopted to produce hydrogen on site in the charging station, the storage, transportation and hydrogenation processes of hydrogen in the traditional hydrogen using process can be avoided, the safety problem and the cost problem of hydrogen energy application and the construction problem of infrastructure can be solved,

it can be understood that the number of hydrogen production systems can be set according to the set scale and the hydrogen supply quantity demand, and the charging station can be only provided with one large-scale hydrogen production system, but the charging station needs to meet the hydrogen production quantity required when all charging piles are opened. The charging station may also be equipped with multiple small hydrogen production systems that work in conjunction to supply hydrogen to each fuel cell power plant.

Different from the traditional method of adopting a paved power grid as a transmission medium to supplement electric energy input for the charging station, the charging station disclosed by the embodiment inputs 'power generation raw materials' serving as methanol water through a transport vehicle or other transport means, and finally generates electric energy by utilizing a hydrogen production system and a fuel cell generator set which are equipped in the charging station. The charging station can be arranged near the city center or in a suburb county to meet the charging requirements of various users, and the cost for transporting methanol water is obviously far less than the cost for laying and maintaining the power grid.

By arranging the charging station which takes the hydrogen compound as the raw material and adopts the fuel cell generator set to generate electricity, the charging of the household electric vehicle based on the storage battery is realized, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, a special power transmission network is not required to be paved again in a large area, the methanol water raw material is supplemented to the charging station through a transport tool according to the charging service condition, and the early-stage investment cost and the construction time are saved; and the charging station can set up along the way at comparatively far away highway, has solved the inconvenient problem of charging in the middle of the electric automobile long-distance travel.

A second embodiment of the reforming hydrogen-producing fuel cell based electric vehicle charging station disclosed in the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2, the electric vehicle charging station disclosed in this embodiment mainly includes: the system comprises a total storage device, a centralized liquid supply system, a hydrogen production system and at least one fuel cell power generation system.

Compared with the charging station disclosed in the first embodiment of the electric vehicle charging station, the charging station disclosed in this embodiment is different in that:

first, each of the fuel cell power generation systems includes a hydrogen generation system, i.e., each fuel cell power generation assembly has a separate hydrogen generation system to produce and provide high purity hydrogen thereto.

Secondly, each fuel cell power generation system further comprises a sub-storage device and a branched liquid supply system. The sub-storage device is used for storing the hydrogen-containing fuel which is delivered to the hydrogen production system by the centralized liquid supply system, and the shunt liquid supply system is used for delivering the hydrogen-containing fuel of the sub-storage device to the corresponding hydrogen production system. That is to say, the concentrated liquid supply system firstly delivers the hydrogen-containing fuel to the sub-storage device, and when the fuel cell generator set runs and generates electricity, the sub-storage device delivers the hydrogen-containing fuel to the hydrogen production system through the control of the shunt liquid supply system.

The hydrogen production system utilizes the hydrogen-containing fuel conveyed by the branch liquid supply system to prepare hydrogen and conveys the prepared hydrogen to a corresponding fuel cell generator set.

The sub-storage device can be used as a buffer platform between the one-to-many liquid supply type main storage device which is simultaneously responsible for liquid supply of all the fuel cell power generation systems and each fuel cell power generation system, liquid supply control functions of the fuel cell power generation systems are transferred to the sub-storage device and each branch liquid supply system, and the fuel cell power generation systems in different types and different states can be controlled respectively.

According to the technical scheme, the pure electric vehicle can be charged, but besides the pure electric vehicle, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is also an important branch of a new energy vehicle, and related mature vehicle types have been proposed by international vehicle enterprises such as Toyota, Honda and the like and part of domestic enterprises at present. Therefore, in order to simultaneously solve the problem that the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cannot be refueled during long-distance driving, in one embodiment, the charging station further comprises a methanol water filling system. The methanol water filling system is connected with the centralized liquid supply system and is used for filling hydrogen-containing fuel (methanol water) into the hydrogen fuel cell automobile provided with the hydrogen production system. The centralized liquid supply system is also used for conveying the hydrogen-containing fuel stored in the main storage device to the methanol water filling system, and the hydrogen-containing fuel is used as the hydrogen-containing fuel filled into the hydrogen fuel cell automobile by the methanol water filling system to supplement energy for the electric automobile provided with the hydrogen production system. The charging station that this embodiment provided is equipped with the methanol-water filling system who supplements methanol-water fuel for hydrogen fuel cell car specially, has solved the continuation of the journey problem of midway and long-distance of hydrogen fuel cell car.

A third embodiment of the reforming hydrogen-producing fuel cell-based power generation electric vehicle charging station disclosed in the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3, the electric vehicle charging station disclosed in this embodiment mainly includes: the system comprises a total storage device, a centralized liquid supply system and at least one fuel cell power generation system. The specific connection relationship and the working mode of the components such as the total storage device, the centralized liquid supply system, and the fuel cell power generation system in this embodiment can refer to the structural arrangement described in the first embodiment of the electric vehicle charging station, and are not described in detail.

Each charging pile of the electric vehicle charging station is provided with a corresponding fuel cell for power generation, each charging pile is in an open service state for a long time, for the charging pile, particularly for a quick charging pile with a short charging period, the fuel cell provided by the charging pile is always started and in a power generation state, but the quantity of the electric vehicles charged in the past cannot always enable each charging pile to be in the charging service state for a long time, particularly for the charging pile located along a remote national road in a position, and for the charging station in a charging valley period, because the number of the vehicles charged in the past is small, a part of or even a large number of charging piles are in the open service state but the electric vehicles are not charged in the future. The electric quantity generated by the fuel cell generator sets of the vacant charging piles is stored in the storage batteries of the charging stations, and then the electric quantity in the storage batteries is transmitted to the charging vehicles during the charging peak. However, in the process of storing the generated electricity into the storage battery and transmitting electricity to the electric vehicle through the storage battery, the transmission efficiency is relatively low, and the loss of electricity is generated, which is equivalent to the waste of part of electricity and hydrogen-containing fuel, and the operation cost of the charging station is increased.

In addition, if only a small amount of charging piles are arranged to avoid increasing the use cost of the charging station, a large amount of users can queue up during the charging peak period, the charging requirements of the users are seriously influenced, the users can be possibly caused to give up charging, and the profit of the charging station is reduced.

Therefore, compared with the charging station disclosed in the first embodiment of the aforementioned electric vehicle charging station, the charging station disclosed in this embodiment is different in that: the electric vehicle charging station (hereinafter referred to as charging station) further comprises a charging pile control system. Fill electric pile control system and mainly include: the system comprises a target establishing module, a constraint establishing module, a quantity solving module and a start-stop control module.

The target establishing module is used for establishing an objective function representing the operation state of the charging station. The charging station operating state can reflect charging station operating costs and user queuing charge time costs to balance operating costs and latency costs. That is, the objective function is a multi-objective optimization function.

The operating cost of a charging station may vary depending on factors such as the power generation mode, geographic location, and charging service capabilities of the charging station.

The power generation mode can adopt a mode of equipping a hydrogen production system for the charging stations, transporting methanol water to each charging station through a transport vehicle, producing hydrogen by using the methanol water as a raw material through the hydrogen production system, and supplying the produced hydrogen as a power generation fuel to a fuel cell for power generation, wherein the mode is hereinafter referred to as a first power generation mode. The power generation mode can also adopt a mode of directly using hydrogen to generate electricity by the fuel cell, the hydrogen tank is transported to each charging station by a transport vehicle to supplement hydrogen for the charging station, and the hydrogen stored in the charging station is transported to the fuel cell power generation system in the charging station by the arranged hydrogen supply pipeline to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell generator set of the fuel cell power generation system, which is hereinafter referred to as a second power generation mode. The first power generation mode is employed in the present embodiment.

The geographical location represents the cost of transporting the feedstock at a charging station, and the cost of transporting the hydrogen feedstock or the methanol water feedstock at a remotely located charging station increases due to the greater distance of transportation.

The charging service capacity is embodied by the number of charging piles under the jurisdiction of the charging station and the charging mode of the charging piles. Fill electric pile quantity more, the charging service ability of charging station is stronger, and the methanol-water raw materials that unit interval consumed also more. Fill electric pile charging mode and refer to the type of filling fast between about 0.5 hour to 2 hours of the duration of charge and fill electric pile slowly between about 6 hours to 12 hours of the duration of charge, the mode of charging is different, and the service ability that charges is also different, and under the ordinary condition, fill the type soon and fill electric pile more, the service ability that charges is stronger.

Therefore, an objective function g (x) ═ c (x) × t (x) is established, wherein c (x) is an operation cost function, t (x) is a waiting cost time function, and x is the number of the starting charging piles in the charging station. Assuming that the charging station is provided with 128 charging posts, x ∈ [0, 128 ]. It can be understood that there are two explanations for the number x of the charging piles to be started, where x in the first type refers to the number of the charging piles that are started but not necessarily started by the corresponding fuel cell generator set, because the charging piles may be powered by the storage battery in the charging station after being started; and x of the second type refers to the number of charging piles for which the corresponding fuel cell generator set is started simultaneously. X in this embodiment is the first.

The operation cost function c (x) includes the purchase cost of methanol water consumed by a single charging pile operating in unit time, the transportation cost (the cost of transporting raw materials to a charging station), the hydrogen production cost (the energy consumption cost, the catalyst consumption and the like), the energy conversion efficiency, the equipment depreciation parameter and other factors in different power generation modes, and the more charging piles are started, the higher the operation cost is. The waiting cost time function t (x) takes the average quick charging time (e.g. 1.5 hours) as the waiting time of a complete turn, and the more charging piles are opened, the less the waiting time is. The objective function g (x) in this embodiment is only an example for understanding the implementation of the control scheme, and therefore, the contents of the formula of g (x) are simplified, but the specific items and factors included in g (x) above are not taken as limitations for implementing the control scheme.

The constraint establishing module is connected with the target establishing module and used for establishing constraint conditions of the target function. The first constraint is: the operating cost is minimized under the condition that the predicted charging requirement of the electric vehicle in the set time period is met. The second constraint is: and the queuing tolerance degree of the user is met.

The electric vehicle charging demand refers to a charging service capability required by an electric vehicle having a charging demand. Since the objective function represents the operating cost of the charging station, the charging demand of the electric vehicle is also predicted corresponding to the charging service range of the charging station, for example, the service range of a certain charging station is a circular range within 5 km of the center radius of the charging station, or a range defined in other ways, and residents owning electric vehicles in the range and workers owning electric vehicles in the range at the working site are considered as potential service users and are taken into consideration when counting the charging demand of the electric vehicle.

The electric vehicle charging demand is an interval range value obtained by using a service range as a region range and predicting the total number of electric vehicles held by potential objects such as the user, the staff and the like and the charging probability of a single electric vehicle, and the unit of the interval range value can be electric quantity, the number of vehicles or other dimensions suitable for representing the charging demand. It is understood that the prediction of the charging demand of the electric vehicle can be realized by a demand prediction module provided with the charging station. That is to say, the charging pile control system further comprises a demand prediction module, and the demand prediction module is used for predicting the charging demand of the electric vehicle of the charging station within the service range of the charging station and within a set time period.

The electric vehicle charging demand may be limited in terms of a section, in addition to the region limitation of the service range, that is, the data predicted by the demand prediction module of the charging station is predicted for a certain set time period (a preset time interval). For example, the range of the number of vehicles requiring charging between 8 a-10 a-early of the forecast tomorrow, or the range of the number of vehicles requiring charging for the next two hours every two hours. It can be understood that the charging probability of a single electric vehicle also varies with different set time periods, for example, the time period from 6 a to 8 a is a peak time of going to work, so the charging probability is lower, and the time period from 8 a to 10 a is a time period after people arrive at a unit, so the charging probability is higher.

The prediction mode of the demand prediction module can adopt the average demand counted in the past period of time to predict, or eliminate the noise value with larger dispersion degree by calculating the standard deviation of statistical data, and then calculate the average value of the residual data to obtain the average demand. For example, the average value of the electric vehicle charging demand may be obtained by using, as a sample pool, contemporaneous data counted in a set time period every day in the previous months, or contemporaneous data counted in a set time period on the day to which the set time period of each month belongs in the previous years.

Assuming that a demand prediction module calculates the average demand by using field data counted by a charging station between 10 am and 12 am of the charging station in the first three months of the day and after eliminating data with the dispersion degree not meeting the requirement by using a standard deviation, predicting that 77-82 electric vehicles have the charging demand in a charging demand area, and therefore, the charging demand of the electric vehicles can be met through a first constraint condition and the running cost is reduced as much as possible. It should be noted that, meeting the charging requirement of the electric vehicle does not mean opening charging piles more than charging vehicles, because the user can accept queuing for a certain time, the number of the opened charging piles can be less than the number of vehicles actually charged in the future, but too few charging piles cannot be opened, so that the user needs to queue for a long time, and meanwhile, the user cannot tolerate queuing for only opening charging piles half the number of the vehicles requiring charging because the user can queue, so that a considerable number of people need to queue, which exceeds the overall queuing tolerance of the user, so that the number of the opened charging piles cannot be as small as the time for the user to queue for waiting exceeds the user tolerance value through the second constraint condition, for example, the number of vehicles in the queuing state at any time does not exceed 20% of the number of vehicles being charged at that time.

Through two constraint conditions, need not to open too much electric pile that fills, can satisfy the demand of charging in setting for the period, also can reduce charging station operation cost, can also make the user accept certain latency simultaneously.

And the quantity solving module is connected with the target establishing module and the constraint establishing module and is used for solving the target function under the constraint condition by utilizing a genetic algorithm to obtain the starting quantity of the charging piles in the set time period.

The quantity solving module establishes a fitness function before solving the objective function, and initializes one or more items of cross probability, mutation probability, population scale, termination evolution algebra and an adaptive value threshold.

Before solving, the cross probability, the mutation probability, the population size, the termination evolution algebra and the adaptive value threshold value can be initially set.

In the solving process, encoding is performed first. Taking x ∈ [0, 128] as an example, and adopting binary coding, the solution is known as a seven-bit binary number. Four initial individuals are randomly generated according to the initialized population size Pop-4, for example: initial individual (1) 0011010, corresponding to decimal 26, initial individual (2) 0000110, corresponding to decimal 6, initial individual (3) 1010000, corresponding to decimal 80, initial individual (4) 0010011, corresponding to decimal 19.

And calculating the fitness of the four initial groups through an established fitness function F (i) for evaluating the fitness of the individuals, wherein the fitness function is set by referring to the two constraint conditions.

Of the four initial individuals, the fitness p is (3) > (1) > (4) > (2) in the order from large to small, and the selection of the next generation of individuals can adopt any one of roulette selection, random competition selection, optimal conservation strategy and tournament selection. In this embodiment, a tournament selection method is adopted, and the method is as follows: each time a certain number of individuals are taken out of the population, then one with the best fitness is selected to enter the offspring population, and then the operation is repeated until the new population size reaches the original population size (four). Through selection, new four individuals are obtained, namely (1) individual 1010000, (2) individual 0011010, (3) individual 0010011 and (4) individual 1010000, wherein the original individual (2) is eliminated due to low fitness.

And (3) determining whether to cross and mutate the new individual according to the initialized cross occurrence probability Pc and the mutation occurrence probability Pm, and randomly selecting the (1) th individual to cross the (2) th individual and the (3) th individual to mutate if the new individual needs to be crossed and mutated. During crossing, one or more of the coded bits are randomly selected for interchange, for example, the 3 rd to 4 th bits of the left number of the (1) th individual are exchanged with the (1) th individual, the (1) th individual is changed into 1011000 corresponding to decimal 88, and the (2) th individual is changed into 0010010 corresponding to decimal 18; when the change is made, one of the randomly selected coded bits is inverted, for example, the 2 nd bit of the left number is inverted, and the (3) th individual is 0110011, corresponding to decimal 51.

Thus obtaining four individuals of the first generation, then calculating the fitness of the individuals of the first generation, selecting through the championship, and possibly crossing, mutating and the like, then obtaining the individuals of the second generation, and repeating heredity according to the steps. The genetic termination conditions are two, the first is until the algebra exceeds the set termination evolution algebra G, and the second is until the fitness of a certain individual in a certain generation exceeds the set fitness threshold Tf. In this embodiment, a first genetic termination condition is selected, for example, the genetic generation G is set to 1000 generations, and finally an individual with better fitness is obtained, for example, 1000111 corresponds to 71 decimal places, that is, a charging station needs to open 71 charging piles within a set time period, which meets the charging demand of 77-82 electric vehicles, and when there are maximum 82 vehicles to be charged, 82-71-11 vehicles are in a waiting state, 11/71-15.5%, so that opening 71 charging piles does not cause a situation that more than 20% of the vehicles charged by the charging vehicles are in a queuing state.

The starting and stopping control module is connected with the quantity solving module and used for controlling the opening and closing of the electric automobile charging pile of the fuel cell power generation system according to the opening quantity.

The start-stop control module can only start the charging pile of the fuel cell power generation system without starting the corresponding fuel cell generator set, the charging pile supplies power through the storage battery in the charging station at the moment, when the charging pile is closed, the charging pile can also only be closed without closing the corresponding fuel cell generator set, and the electric energy generated by the fuel cell generator set is stored in the storage battery of the charging station at the moment. However, since a part of electric energy is lost when the electric energy is transferred into the storage battery of the charging station, it is more common that the start-stop control module synchronously opens and closes the charging pile and the fuel cell generator set.

At the in-process that actually stops to open and stop and fill electric pile, because fill electric pile that the power station has probably opened certain quantity in current period, need adjust the opening and stopping that electric pile was filled in the future settlement period according to the electric pile quantity of filling that opens at present this moment. For example, the current time period is from 6 a.m. to 8 a.m., and the number of currently-opened charging piles is 25. When it is predicted that 71 charging piles need to be opened in the period from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m., 46 more charging piles need to be opened, so as to meet the charging requirement. If the number of the charging piles opened in the next period calculated by the number solving module is less than the number of the charging piles opened in the current period, the charging piles of a certain number need to be closed so as to reduce the operating cost of the charging station.

The charging pile number capable of meeting the charging requirements of the users under the condition that excessive users are not queued for charging is calculated by the charging pile control system through a genetic algorithm, and the charging piles of corresponding number are controlled to start and stop the charging piles of the charging stations according to the charging pile number, so that the charging service running cost of the charging stations and the waiting time of queuing and waiting for charging of the users are balanced, the opening number of the charging piles is reduced on the premise of avoiding influencing the charging experience of the users, and the charging station running cost is saved on the premise of meeting the charging requirements of the users.

In one embodiment, the electric vehicle charging demand is further obtained by matching the charging mode and/or single charging quantity of the electric vehicle with the total number of the electric vehicles and the single electric vehicle charging probability prediction.

Because the electric automobile charging pile is divided into a quick charging type charging pile and a slow charging type charging pile, the power of a fuel cell generator set and a hydrogen production system corresponding to the quick charging type charging pile is different from that of the slow charging type charging pile. And the demand of fast charging and the demand of slow charging are different, and the charge mode of fast charging is because the generated energy of unit time will be greater than the charge mode of slow charging, consequently the charge demand quantization value that the fast charging corresponds will be greater than the charge demand quantization value that the slow charging corresponds, that is to say, the ratio of fast charging demand is bigger, and electric motor car charge demand's interval scope whole also can correspondingly promote.

In addition, the single charge amount of the electric vehicle also affects the interval range of the electric vehicle charging demand, for example, the charge amount of a large-sized electric bus is larger than that of a small car, so that the charge amount of a single vehicle is different according to the vehicle type, and no matter which type of vehicle is used, the quick charging mode needs to be filled with the sixty percent to eighty percent of electric quantity of the storage battery in a short time, so that the larger the single charge amount is, the interval range of the electric vehicle charging demand can be correspondingly promoted as a whole.

The demand prediction module further obtains an average demand prediction from the charge pattern statistics and the charge amount statistics over a past period of time, taking into account the above-described charge pattern and the single charge amount. For example, in the predicted charging demand of the electric vehicle, the ratio of the fast charging demand to the slow charging demand is 6: 4, the ratio of the large vehicle to the small vehicle is 2: 8.

accordingly, when the constraint establishing module establishes the constraint condition, the constraint condition is established for the range satisfying the ratio of the number of vehicles in different charging modes, that is, the constraint condition is established for the range satisfying the ratio of the number of vehicles requiring rapid charging and the number of vehicles requiring slow charging, for example, the range is 5: 5-7: 3, or more; and establishing a constraint condition that satisfies a range of a ratio of the number of types of vehicles different in each single charge amount, that is, a range of a ratio of the number of large-sized vehicles to small-sized vehicles, for example, a range of 1: 9-3: 7, respectively.

Because the charging piles are divided into the fast charging piles and the slow charging piles, and the charging piles are also divided into the large-sized vehicle charging piles and the small-sized vehicle charging piles, in the opening number of the charging piles obtained by the number solving module, the ratio of the fast charging piles to the slow charging piles meets the constraint conditions as much as possible, and the ratio of the large-sized vehicle charging piles to the small-sized vehicle charging piles meets the constraint conditions as much as possible, which is equivalent to four constraint conditions in total.

When the charging station is controlled by the start-stop control module to start and stop the charging pile, the charging pile is correspondingly opened and closed in consideration of the requirements of quick and slow charging and the requirements of different vehicle types.

The charging requirements of the electric vehicle are further refined, so that the number of the charging piles obtained through calculation is closer to the real situation, and users with more different types of charging requirements can be better adapted.

When the fuel cell power generation system further comprises a hydrogen production system, a shunt liquid supply system and a sub-storage device, the hydrogen production system can supply power for the charging pile in a one-to-one mode, namely each fuel cell power generation system is provided with a special hydrogen production system; the hydrogen production system may also be in a one-to-many format, i.e., each hydrogen production system is responsible for the hydrogen supply of multiple charging piles. In one embodiment, when the charging station adopts the above one-to-one layout hydrogen production system, the start-stop control module may further open and close the corresponding hydrogen production system and the shunt liquid supply system when controlling the opening and closing of the charging pile and the corresponding fuel cell generator set. That is, the start-stop control module synchronously turns on and off all capacity-related systems (e.g., fuel cell generator sets, hydrogen production systems) and transport-related systems (e.g., charging piles and shunt feed systems) within the fuel cell power generation system.

When the charging station adopts the hydrogen production system distributed in the one-to-many mode, for example, when hydrogen required by all charging piles in the charging station is provided by one hydrogen production system, the start-stop control module can also correspondingly adjust the power of the hydrogen production system when the charging piles are controlled to be opened and closed, so that the hydrogen output of the hydrogen production system is correspondingly increased and decreased, and the hydrogen output is approximately equal to the hydrogen amount required by the opened fuel cell. That is to say, the hydrogen production system does not start or stop with the start or stop of each fuel cell power generation system, but adjusts power with the start or stop of the fuel cell power generation system, so that the hydrogen output can be more adaptive to the current hydrogen consumption of the charging station, thereby avoiding waste and reducing cost.

Through the setting, open and stop control module and can open the quantity to filling electric pile and adjust the hydrogen demand, open and close the hydrogen manufacturing system of corresponding quantity or adjust the power of hydrogen manufacturing system, so that the hydrogen supply volume and generated energy phase-match, the cost that sets up large-scale hydrogen storage tank and the cost that keeps hydrogen safe storage can be saved to this kind of condition.

In one embodiment, the start-stop control module further controls the fuel cell power generation system to be turned on and off according to the charging pile opening number of the charging station before the set time period. Specifically, when the difference value between the charging pile opening number before the set time interval and the predicted charging pile opening number in the set time interval is lower than the set threshold value, the start-stop control module stops opening and closing the corresponding fuel cell power generation system.

The threshold is set to judge whether the difference is small enough that the difference will not have a non-negligible effect on the charging requirement of the electric vehicle and the waiting time of the user even if the difference is ignored, and the threshold is usually set to compare with the absolute value of the difference/the current opening number to judge whether the effect of the difference needs to be ignored. For example, the number of the charging piles opened in the current period is 69, and when the number solving module predicts that 71 charging piles (including the fuel cell generator set) need to be opened in the next period, it is equivalent to that only 2 charging piles need to be opened. The set threshold is assumed to be 3%, and the absolute value/current starting number of the difference value is approximately equal to 2.9% and is smaller than the set threshold, so that the influence caused by the fact that the charging piles of the difference value are not correspondingly started and stopped can be ignored.

The more beneficial place of adopting this setting embodies when the electric pile quantity that fills that needs to open reduces to some extent, for example 69 electric piles are opened to the current period of time, and the quantity solution module predicts that when 67 electric piles need be opened to the next period of time, is equivalent to 2 electric piles that need close. However, the start and stop of the fuel cell generator set can have adverse effect on the service life of the generator set. Therefore, in order to prolong the service life of each generator set in the charging station as much as possible, the set threshold is set, and the starting and stopping frequency of the fuel cell is reduced as much as possible under the condition that the condition allows, because the service life of the fuel cell is reduced. Through setting a threshold value, the opening times of the fuel cell of a part of charging pile can be reduced under the condition that the charging requirement is not influenced and the waiting time of a user is not prolonged, unnecessary and untight starting and stopping actions are reduced, the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, and the operating cost of a charging station is saved.

The first embodiment of the electric vehicle charging station control method based on reforming hydrogen fuel cell power generation disclosed by the invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 4. The control method for the electric vehicle charging station according to the third embodiment of the electric vehicle charging station disclosed in this embodiment is, as shown in fig. 4, a control method implemented by the third embodiment of the electric vehicle charging station, where the control method includes the following steps:

step 100, establishing an objective function representing the operation state of the charging station, wherein the operation state of the charging station reflects the operation cost of the charging station and the time cost of the user for queuing for charging.

Step 200, establishing a constraint condition which enables the operation cost to be lowest under the condition that the predicted charging requirement of the electric vehicle in the set time period is met, and establishing a constraint condition which meets the queuing tolerance degree of the user. The charging requirement of the electric vehicle is at least obtained by predicting the total number of the electric vehicles and the charging probability of a single electric vehicle.

And 300, solving the objective function by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the opening number of the charging piles in a set time period.

And step 400, controlling the opening and closing of the electric automobile charging pile of the fuel cell power generation system according to the opening number.

In one embodiment, the charging demand of the electric vehicle by the charging station within the service range and the set time period is predicted.

In one embodiment, the electric vehicle charging demand is further obtained by matching the charging mode and/or single charging quantity of the electric vehicle with the total number of the electric vehicles and the single electric vehicle charging probability prediction. And the number of the first and second electrodes,

In one embodiment, the electric vehicle charging demand is predicted from an average demand over a period of time in the past.

In one embodiment, before solving the objective function, the method further comprises:

and establishing a fitness function. And initializing at least one of a cross probability, a mutation probability, a population size, a termination evolution algebra, and an adaptation value threshold.

In one embodiment, controlling the turning on and off of the fuel cell power generation system further comprises:

and controlling the corresponding hydrogen production system and the liquid supply system for supplying raw materials to the hydrogen production system to be opened and closed. And/or adjusting the power of the corresponding hydrogen production system to correspondingly adjust so as to correspondingly increase and decrease the hydrogen output of the hydrogen production system.

In one embodiment, the fuel cell power generation system is also controlled to be turned on and off according to the charging post opening number of the charging station before the set time period. And when the difference value between the charging pile opening quantity before the set time interval and the predicted charging pile opening quantity in the set time interval is lower than a set threshold value, stopping opening and closing the corresponding fuel cell power generation system.

The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle charging station based on reforming hydrogen production fuel cell power generation, characterized by comprising:

the centralized liquid supply system is used for conveying the hydrogen-containing fuel stored in the total storage device to the hydrogen production system to produce hydrogen;

the fuel cell power generation system comprises a fuel cell power generation unit and an electric automobile charging pile, the fuel cell power generation unit generates electric energy by utilizing the hydrogen prepared by the hydrogen preparation system to perform electrochemical reaction, and the electric automobile charging pile stores the generated electric energy and is used for charging an electric automobile;

this charging station still fills electric pile control system including, it includes to fill electric pile control system:

the electric vehicle charging demand is at least obtained by predicting the total number of the electric vehicles and the charging probability of a single electric vehicle; in addition, the first and second substrates are,

the start-stop control module also controls the start and the stop of the fuel cell power generation system according to the starting number of the charging piles of the charging stations before the set time period; and when the difference value between the charging pile opening number before the set time interval and the predicted charging pile opening number in the set time interval is lower than a set threshold value, the start-stop control module stops opening and closing the corresponding fuel cell power generation system.

2. The charging station of claim 1, wherein each of the fuel cell power generation systems comprises the hydrogen generation system, and further wherein each of the fuel cell power generation systems further comprises:

3. The charging station of claim 1, further comprising:

4. The charging station of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the charging post control system further comprises:

5. The charging station according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electric vehicle charging demand is further derived from a charging mode and/or a single charge of an electric vehicle in combination with the total number of electric vehicles and the single electric vehicle charging probability prediction;

6. The charging station of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electric vehicle charging demand is predicted from an average demand over a period of time in the past.

7. The charging station of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the quantity solution module establishes a fitness function and initializes at least one of a cross probability, a variation probability, a population size, a termination evolution algebra, and an fitness threshold before solving the objective function.

8. The charging station of any of claims 1-3, wherein the start-stop control module, when controlling the turning on and off of the fuel cell power generation system, further: