CN110838615A - Double-frequency line-circular polarization directional antenna - Google Patents
Double-frequency line-circular polarization directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110838615A CN110838615A CN201911196032.2A CN201911196032A CN110838615A CN 110838615 A CN110838615 A CN 110838615A CN 201911196032 A CN201911196032 A CN 201911196032A CN 110838615 A CN110838615 A CN 110838615A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
- H01Q9/0492—Dielectric resonator antennas circularly polarised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
- H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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Abstract
A dual-band linear-circular polarization directional antenna belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas. The antenna comprises an antenna radiator, two metal reflecting walls A, B, a coaxial line, a metal cavity and two nylon columns A, B. The antenna radiator is arranged above the metal cavity in parallel; the coaxial line is vertically connected with the radiating antenna and the metal cavity and feeds power to the antenna radiator; the two metal reflecting walls A, B are respectively arranged on two sides of the antenna radiator; two nylon posts A, B are vertically disposed between the upper radiating antenna and the lower metal cavity for supporting the antenna structure. The invention has simple structure and is easy to process and manufacture; the dual-frequency linear polarization and circular polarization radiation can be realized; the coaxial line and the short-circuit pin are used as a feed structure, so that the negative influence of the coaxial line on a radiation pattern is reduced, and good impedance matching can be realized; the simple metal reflecting side wall and the metal cavity structure are introduced, so that the backward radiation of the antenna is effectively reduced, the directional pattern of the antenna is stable in orientation, and the gain is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas, and relates to a dual-band directional radiation antenna.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing demand for communication systems, communication systems with higher data transmission rates are required to support, and further, the working bandwidth and transmission distance of the antenna are more challenging, so that the research on multi-frequency and broadband directional antennas has been paid extensive attention. On the other hand, the circular polarization technology has better mobility and adaptability to various environments than linear polarization, can effectively reduce multipath effect and polarization mismatch, simultaneously reduces inherent complexity of a multi-service wireless system, and is widely applied to the fields of electronic interference and communication. In addition, the multi-frequency multi-polarization antenna can realize the functions of a plurality of antennas by using a single antenna, and has the advantages of compact size, simple structure, high integration level, low cost and the like, so that the design of the antenna with linear polarization and circular polarization characteristics in a dual-frequency broadband is necessary. The invention aims to realize a high-performance antenna with double broadband, high gain and high front-to-back ratio, and can simultaneously cover 2.4/5.2/5.8GHz application of a WLAN.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a directional antenna with linear polarization and circular polarization characteristics in a double-frequency broadband, aiming at solving the problems of large antenna volume, narrow bandwidth, low gain and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dual-band circularly polarized directional antenna structurally comprises an antenna radiator, two metal reflecting walls A8 and B9, a coaxial line 12, a metal cavity 13 and two nylon columns A14 and B15. The antenna radiator is parallelly placed above the metal cavity 13 by 11-12 mm; the coaxial line 12 is vertically connected with the upper radiation antenna and the lower metal cavity 13 and used for feeding the antenna radiator; the two metal reflecting walls A8 and B9 are respectively arranged on two sides of the antenna radiator and are used for improving the front-to-back ratio and gain of the antenna; two nylon posts a14, B15 are vertically disposed between the upper radiating antenna and the lower metal cavity 13 for supporting the antenna structure.
The antenna radiator comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a metal floor 2, a microstrip line 10, four metal patches A4, B5, C6 and D7. The metal floor 2 and the microstrip line 10 are respectively printed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The metal floor 2 is arranged above (on the front side of) the dielectric substrate 1, a gap 3 is formed in the middle of the metal floor 2, the gap 3 works as a magnetic dipole, and the gap 3 is of a cross structure and is used for expanding the working bandwidth of the antenna. The metal patches C6 and D7 are rotationally symmetrically arranged and vertically welded above the metal floor 2 and are positioned at two sides of the central point of the gap 3. The metal patches A4 and B5 are horizontally placed on the tops of the metal patches C6 and D7, one ends of the metal patches A4 and B5 are vertically welded with the tops of the metal patches C6 and D7, the other ends of the metal patches A8 and the metal reflecting wall B9 are spaced at a certain distance, the metal patches A4 and B5 form a horizontal dipole structure which can work as an electric dipole, the distance between the horizontal dipole structure and the metal floor 2 is 9-10 mm, and the horizontal dipole structure is used for forming a 90-degree phase difference with the gap 3 at high frequency of 4.6-6.5GHz, so that circularly polarized waves can be excited in a frequency band of 4.6-6.5 GHz.
The feed microstrip line 10 is arranged below (on the reverse side) the dielectric substrate 1 and is positioned in the middle; the feed microstrip line 10 is connected with a short-circuit pin 11 and a coaxial line 12, the short-circuit pin 11 and the coaxial line 12 are positioned at two sides of the central point of the gap 3 and positioned at the inner sides of the metal patches C6 and D7; the short-circuit pin 11 penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1 to be connected with the metal floor 2, the inner conductor of the coaxial line 12 penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1 to be connected with the metal floor 2, the outer conductor of the coaxial line 12 is connected with the microstrip line 10, and the coaxial line 12 and the short-circuit pin 11 are used as a feed structure to feed electricity to the gap 3, so that good impedance matching is achieved.
The metal reflecting walls A8 and B9 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the dielectric substrate 1 and are used for improving the directional performance of antenna radiation and increasing the gain; the metal cavity 13 is arranged below the antenna radiator, the metal cavity 13 comprises a floor with the height of 44mm multiplied by 36 mm-48 mm multiplied by 40mm and metal walls with the height of four sides of 11-12 mm, and the height between the dielectric substrate 1 and the floor of the metal cavity 13 is 10-11 mm, so that the backward radiation of the antenna can be effectively reduced, and higher gain can be obtained.
The coaxial line 12 is vertically connected with the upper metal floor 2 and the lower metal cavity 13, and forms a feed structure with the short circuit pin 11 for feeding the antenna radiator; two nylon columns A14 and B15 are respectively and vertically inserted into two ends of the dielectric substrate 1 and the floor of the metal cavity 13, and are used for supporting the antenna structure, keeping the height between the dielectric substrate 1 and the floor of the metal cavity 13 unchanged, and basically not influencing the radiation performance of the antenna.
The dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR-4 material with the dielectric constant of 4.4, and the thickness is 1.6 mm.
The working process of the invention is as follows: radio frequency signals are input by a coaxial line 12, the gap 3 is fed through an internal feed source probe, the gap 3 feeds horizontally-arranged metal patches A4 and B5 through vertically-arranged metal plates C6 and D7, two resonant frequencies are excited, and linear polarization and high-frequency 4.6-6.5GHz are generated at low frequency 2.4-2.5GHz respectively to realize circular polarization characteristics; wherein: the currents of the horizontal metal patches A4 and B5 are half wavelength at low frequency and full wavelength at high frequency, and are used as dipole antennas; the slot 3 is used as a slot antenna, the current distribution presents half wavelength at low frequency and full wavelength at high frequency, and the slot can be regarded as a magnetic dipole antenna, so that a mixed magnetoelectric dipole antenna is formed for radiation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the linear-circular polarization directional antenna adopts a gap 3 and horizontal metal patches A4 and B5 to form a magnetoelectric dipole structure to work so as to realize two broadband resonance frequency bands; the gap 3 adopts a cross structure, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna can be increased; simple structure and easy processing and manufacturing.
2) The coaxial feed is utilized, the feed structure is simple, the antenna can generate effective resonance in the frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz, and the impedance bandwidths are respectively 2.38-2.5GHz and 4.63-7.38 GHz; the axial ratio of the antenna is more than 30dB at 2.38-2.5GHz and less than 3dB at 4.63-6.5GHz, so that the linear polarization and the circular polarization radiation with higher purity are respectively realized, and the antenna can be applied to 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz systems of WLAN.
3) The design of the invention uses the coaxial line and the short-circuit pin 11 as a feed structure, thus reducing the negative influence of the coaxial line on the radiation pattern and realizing good impedance matching.
4) The invention introduces the simple metal reflecting side wall and the metal cavity structure, can effectively reduce the backward radiation of the antenna, improves the front-to-back ratio of the radiation of the antenna, and ensures that the directional diagram of the antenna is stable in orientation and has higher gain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dual-band linear-circular polarization directional antenna proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dual-band linear-circular polarized directional antenna proposed by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of front and back structures of an antenna radiator structure according to the present invention; FIG. 3(a) is a front side, and FIG. 3(b) is a rear side;
FIG. 4 is a graph of reflectance and axial ratio simulated by the present invention; FIG. 4(a) is a reflection coefficient graph and FIG. 4(b) is an axial ratio graph;
FIG. 5 is a simulated gain pattern of the present invention; FIG. 5(a) is a 2.45GHz directional diagram for xz plane, FIG. 5(b) is a 2.45GHz directional diagram for yz plane, FIG. 5(c) is a 5.2GHz directional diagram for xz plane, and FIG. 5(d) is a 5.2GHz directional diagram for yz plane;
in the figure: 1 a dielectric substrate; 2, a metal floor; 3, a cross-shaped gap; 4 metal patches A, 5 metal patches B, 6 metal patches C and 7 metal patches D; 8 metal reflecting walls A and 9 metal reflecting walls B; 10 feed microstrip lines; 11 a shorting pin; 12 coaxial lines; 13 a metal cavity; 14 nylon column A and 15 nylon column B.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the drawings and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, 2(a) and (B), the dual-band linear-circular polarization directional antenna is composed of an antenna radiator portion, two metal reflecting walls A8 and B9 and a metal cavity 13. The antenna radiator part and the metal cavity 13 are arranged at a distance of 11.3mm from each other from the top to the bottom, and are vertically and fixedly connected through nylon columns A14 and B15 at two ends. The metal patches C6 and D7 are symmetrically and vertically arranged and welded above the metal floor 2, the metal patches A4 and B5 are horizontally arranged and vertically welded with the metal patches C6 and D7 respectively to form a horizontal dipole structure, and the distance between the horizontal dipole structure and the metal floor 2 is 9.5mm from top to bottom, so that a phase difference of 90 degrees is formed. The metal reflecting walls A8 and B9 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the dielectric substrate 1 and are used for improving the directional radiation performance of antenna radiation.
Referring to fig. 3(a) and (B), the radiator portion of the dual-band line-circular polarization directional antenna is composed of a dielectric substrate 1, a metal floor 2, a microstrip line 10, a shorting pin 11, metal patches a4, B5, C6, D7, and a cross slot 3. The dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR-4 material with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The front and back surfaces of the medium substrate 1 are respectively printed with a metal floor 2 and a microstrip line 10 with a cross-shaped gap 3 at the center. The metal floor 2 is arranged above (on the front side of) the dielectric substrate 1 and is welded with the vertically arranged metal patches C6 and D7, the metal patches A4 and B5 are horizontally arranged and are respectively welded with the metal patches C6 and D7 to form a horizontal dipole structure, the distance between the metal patches A and B is 9.5mm from the upper portion and the lower portion of the metal floor 2, and a 90-degree phase difference is formed between the metal floor and the gap 3 at high frequency. The center of the metal floor 2 is provided with a cross-shaped gap 3, the cross-shaped gap 3 and the metal patches A4 and B5 are fed through a coaxial line 12 probe and a short-circuit pin 11 to form a magnetoelectric dipole structure, and linear polarization waves with half-wave working at 2.4GHz and circular polarization waves with full-wave working at 5.2GHz are generated. On one hand, the length of the slot 3 and the total length of the metal patches A4 and B5 can be adjusted to excite the antenna to work in a resonant mode in the working frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5.2 GHz; on the other hand, the circularly polarized axial ratio of the antenna in the 5.2GHz working frequency band can be adjusted by adjusting the heights of the metal patches C6 and D7; the slot 3 adopts a double-slot cross structure, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is further improved; by adopting the feed structure of the coaxial line 12 probe and the short circuit pin 11, good impedance matching can be realized, and the negative influence of the coaxial line on a radiation pattern is reduced. The height between the metal wall with the metal surface height of 11.5mm and the floor of the medium substrate 1 and the metal cavity 13 is 11mm
The radiation performance simulation results of the present invention further illustrate that:
fig. 4(a) and (b) are simulation results of return loss curves and axial ratio curves of the dual-band linear-circularly polarized directional antenna, which show that the antenna can generate effective resonance in the frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz, the bandwidths are 2.38 GHz to 2.5GHz and 4.63 GHz to 7.38GHz, respectively, and the frequency band utilization rate is high; the AR value of the antenna at the 2.4GHz frequency band is more than 30dB, the antenna is effective in linear polarization work, the AR value at the 5.2GHz frequency band is less than 3dB, the antenna is circular polarization work, and the work bandwidth is large.
Fig. 5(a) - (d) show the radiation patterns of 2.45GHz and 5.2GHz obtained by antenna simulation, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the dual-band linear-circularly polarized directional antenna provided by the present invention has high gain, and the gains at two frequency points are respectively 5.75 dBi and 7.45 dBi; the directional diagram is stable and symmetrical, radiation points upwards in the + z direction at both working frequencies, and the cross polarization ratio is lower than-20 dB.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and are only used for describing the present invention in detail, so that those skilled in the art can understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A dual-band linear-circular polarization directional antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna radiator, two metal reflecting walls A (8) and B (9), a coaxial line (12), a metal cavity (13) and two nylon columns A (14) and B (15); the antenna radiator is arranged above the metal cavity (13) in parallel; the coaxial line (12) is vertically connected with the radiating antenna and the metal cavity (13) and used for feeding the antenna radiating body; the two metal reflecting walls A (8) and B (9) are respectively arranged on two sides of the antenna radiator and used for improving the front-to-back ratio and gain of the antenna; two nylon columns A (14) and B (15) are vertically arranged between the radiation antenna and a bottom plate of the metal cavity (13);
the antenna radiator comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a metal floor (2), a feed microstrip line (10), four metal patches A (4), B (5), C (6) and D (7); the metal floor (2) and the microstrip line (10) are respectively printed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate (1); the metal floor (2) is arranged above the dielectric substrate (1), and a gap (3) is formed in the middle of the metal floor (2) and works as a magnetic dipole; the metal patches C (6) and D (7) are placed in a rotational symmetry mode, are vertically welded above the metal floor (2) and are positioned on two sides of the center point of the gap (3); the metal patches A (4) and B (5) are horizontally placed on the tops of the metal patches C (6) and D (7), one ends of the metal patches A (4) and B (5) are vertically welded with the metal patches C (6) and D (7), the other ends of the metal patches A (4) and B (5) are spaced from the metal reflecting wall A (8) and the metal reflecting wall B (9) at a certain distance, and the metal patches A (4) and B (5) form a horizontal dipole structure to work as an electric dipole;
the feed microstrip line (10) is arranged below the dielectric substrate (1) and is positioned in the middle; the feed microstrip line (10) is connected with a short-circuit pin (11) and a coaxial line (12), the short-circuit pin (11) and the coaxial line (12) are positioned at two sides of the central point of the gap (3) and positioned at the inner sides of the metal patches C (6) and D (7); the short-circuit pin (11) penetrates through the dielectric substrate (1) to be connected with the metal floor (2), the inner conductor of the coaxial line (12) penetrates through the dielectric substrate (1) to be connected with the metal floor (2), the outer conductor of the coaxial line (12) is connected with the microstrip line (10), and the coaxial line (12) and the short-circuit pin (11) are used as a feed structure to feed electricity to the gap (3) so as to realize impedance matching;
the metal cavity (13) comprises a floor and four metal walls;
the metal reflecting walls A (8) and B (9) are positioned on the left side and the right side above the dielectric substrate (1) and are used for improving the directional performance of antenna radiation and increasing the gain;
the coaxial line (12) is vertically connected with the upper metal floor (2) and the floor of the lower metal cavity (13), and forms a feed structure with the short-circuit pin (11) for feeding the antenna radiator;
the two nylon columns A (14) and B (15) are placed on the left side and the right side of the floor of the metal cavity (13), the top ends of the two nylon columns are vertically inserted into the dielectric substrate (1) and used for supporting the antenna structure, and the height between the dielectric substrate (1) and the floor of the metal cavity (13) is kept unchanged.
2. A dual-band linearly-circularly polarized directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said horizontal dipole structure is vertically connected to the metal floor (2), said horizontal dipole and the slot (3) forming a magnetoelectric dipole structure.
3. A dual-band line-circularly polarized directional antenna according to claim 1, wherein said metal cavity (13) floor is rectangular in configuration for reducing the back lobe of the antenna pattern.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911196032.2A CN110838615B (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Double-frequency line-circular polarization directional antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911196032.2A CN110838615B (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Double-frequency line-circular polarization directional antenna |
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| CN110838615A true CN110838615A (en) | 2020-02-25 |
| CN110838615B CN110838615B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112421248A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband low-profile circularly polarized microstrip antenna based on multimode resonance |
| CN112688070A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | Distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN112751172A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-04 | 电子科技大学 | High-gain directional radiation double-frequency receiving antenna for collecting radio frequency energy |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112421248A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband low-profile circularly polarized microstrip antenna based on multimode resonance |
| CN112421248B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-07-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband low-profile circularly polarized microstrip antenna based on multimode resonance |
| CN112688070A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | Distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN112688070B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-10-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN112751172A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-04 | 电子科技大学 | High-gain directional radiation double-frequency receiving antenna for collecting radio frequency energy |
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