CN110835778B - Aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and electrolytic polishing method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and electrolytic polishing method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/18—Polishing of light metals
- C25F3/20—Polishing of light metals of aluminium
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and an electrolytic polishing method, and relates to an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and an electrolytic polishing method. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing different microstructure analysis methods need different sample preparation processes and different polishing solutions. The aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution consists of methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol and water or consists of methanol and perchloric acid. The electrolytic polishing method comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating the aluminum alloy, and then putting the pretreated aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing. The invention can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like; the formula has less related content and lower cost; the electrolytic polishing method only needs 2-20 s of time and normal temperature, so that the efficiency can be improved, and the difficulty can be reduced. The invention is applied to the field of aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and an electrolytic polishing method.
Background
The aluminum alloy material is one of the most widely applied materials in aviation, aerospace, military and civil use due to the advantages of light weight, high strength, low cost and the like, and the corresponding research on the microscopic structure of the aluminum alloy material is the most important way for improving the performance of the alloy. The means for observing, researching and analyzing the microstructure of the aluminum alloy mainly comprise methods such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like, and the sample preparation methods and the contained polishing solutions which are currently applied to different microstructure analysis methods are different. Therefore, a more complicated sample preparation process and a more complicated polishing solution preparation process are generated in the microstructure research, the cost and the consumption are greatly increased, the microstructure research period is prolonged, and the research efficiency is greatly reduced. Therefore, a general polishing solution and a polishing method are urgently needed to improve the research efficiency, reduce the research difficulty and save the cost and the consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that different sample preparation processes and different polishing solutions are required in the existing different microstructure analysis methods, and provides an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and an electrolytic polishing method.
The aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution consists of methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol and water; wherein the mass percentage of the methanol is 70-80%, the mass percentage of the perchloric acid is 5-15%, the mass percentage of the ethanol is 5-10%, and the balance is water, and the sum of the mass percentage of the components is 100%.
The method for carrying out electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating the aluminum alloy, and then putting the pretreated aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; and performing electrolytic polishing at room temperature, wherein the voltage is 15-25V, and the electrolytic polishing time is 2-20 s by starting the magnetic stirring device.
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution consists of 85% of methanol and 15% of perchloric acid by mass percent; wherein the aluminum alloy is aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy or aluminum-zinc alloy.
The method for carrying out electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating the aluminum alloy, and then putting the pretreated aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; performing electrolytic polishing at room temperature, wherein the voltage is 15-25V, and simultaneously starting a magnetic stirring device, wherein the electrolytic polishing time is 10-20 s; wherein the aluminum alloy is aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy or aluminum-zinc alloy.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like; the formula has less related content and lower cost; the electrolytic polishing method only needs 2-20 s of time and normal temperature, so that the efficiency can be improved, and the difficulty can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the electropolishing method of the present invention; wherein 1 is a thermometer; 2 is an anode; 3 is a cathode; 4 is a magnetic rotor;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the optical metallographic observation of the electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method for the aluminum alloy of the third embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of the aluminum alloy electropolishing solutions and methods of the examples for scanning electron microscopy analysis;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of the three aluminum alloy electropolishing solutions and methods of the examples for electron back-scattered diffraction;
FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation of the four aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solutions and electrolytic polishing methods of the examples for scanning electron microscopy analysis;
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the optical metallographic observation of the five-aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution of the embodiment is composed of methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol and water; wherein the mass percentage of the methanol is 70-80%, the mass percentage of the perchloric acid is 5-15%, the mass percentage of the ethanol is 5-10%, and the balance is water, and the sum of the mass percentage of the components is 100%.
The aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution of the embodiment can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like; the formula has less related content and lower cost.
The second embodiment is as follows: the method of the present embodiment comprises: firstly, pretreating the aluminum alloy, and then putting the pretreated aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; and performing electrolytic polishing at room temperature, wherein the voltage is 15-25V, and the electrolytic polishing time is 2-20 s by starting the magnetic stirring device.
The electrolytic polishing method of the embodiment can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like; the electrolytic polishing method only needs 2-20 s of time and normal temperature, so that the efficiency can be improved, and the difficulty can be reduced.
The third concrete implementation mode: the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the pretreatment of the aluminum alloy means that the surface of the aluminum alloy is ground flat by 1000-mesh sand paper. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the second or third embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: if the aluminum alloy is an aluminum lithium alloy or an aluminum magnesium alloy, the electrolysis time is 2 to 10 seconds. The other embodiments are the same as the second or third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from one of the second to fourth embodiments in that: if the aluminum alloy is aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy or aluminum-zinc alloy, the electrolysis time is 10-20 s. The other is the same as one of the second to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the second to fifth embodiments in that: the rotation speed of the magnetic stirring is 3 r/s. The rest is the same as one of the second to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution in the embodiment is composed of 85% of methanol and 15% of perchloric acid by mass; wherein the aluminum alloy is aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy or aluminum-zinc alloy.
The aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution of the embodiment can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like; the formula has less related content and lower cost.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the method of the present embodiment comprises: firstly, pretreating the aluminum alloy, and then putting the pretreated aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; performing electrolytic polishing at room temperature, wherein the voltage is 15-25V, and simultaneously starting a magnetic stirring device, wherein the electrolytic polishing time is 10-20 s; wherein the aluminum alloy is aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy or aluminum-zinc alloy.
The electrolytic polishing method of the embodiment can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like; the electrolytic polishing method only needs 10-20 s at normal temperature, so that the efficiency can be improved, and the difficulty can be reduced.
The specific implementation method nine: the eighth embodiment is different from the eighth embodiment in that: the pretreatment of the aluminum alloy means that the surface of the aluminum alloy is ground flat by 1000-mesh sand paper. The rest is the same as the embodiment eight.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from the embodiment eight or nine in that: the rotation speed of the magnetic stirring is 3 r/s. The others are the same as the embodiments eight or nine.
The effect of the invention is demonstrated by the following examples:
the first embodiment is an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprising methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol and water; wherein the mass percentage of the methanol is 70 percent, the mass percentage of the perchloric acid is 15 percent, the mass percentage of the ethanol is 5 percent, and the balance is water.
The method for carrying out electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following steps: firstly, grinding the aluminum-copper alloy by using 1000-mesh abrasive paper, and then putting the aluminum-copper alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; the electrolytic polishing is carried out at room temperature, the voltage is 20V, and simultaneously, a magnetic stirring device is started, the rotating speed is 3r/s, and the electrolytic polishing time is 15 s.
The electrolytic polishing method is schematically shown in FIG. 1; through verification, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like.
Second, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution of the present embodiment is composed of methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol, and water; wherein the mass percentage of the methanol is 75 percent, the mass percentage of the perchloric acid is 10 percent, the mass percentage of the ethanol is 5 percent, and the balance is water.
The method for carrying out electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following steps: firstly, grinding the aluminum-copper alloy by using 1000-mesh abrasive paper, and then putting the aluminum-copper alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; the electrolytic polishing is carried out at room temperature, the voltage is 25V, and simultaneously, a magnetic stirring device is started, the rotating speed is 3r/s, and the electrolytic polishing time is 10 s.
Through verification, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like.
The third embodiment is an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution of the third embodiment, which is composed of methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol and water; wherein, the mass percentage of the methanol is 80 percent, the mass percentage of the perchloric acid is 10 percent, the mass percentage of the ethanol is 5 percent, and the balance is water.
The method for carrying out electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following steps: firstly, grinding the aluminum-copper alloy by using 1000-mesh abrasive paper, and then putting the aluminum-copper alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; the electrolytic polishing is carried out at room temperature, the voltage is 25V, simultaneously, a magnetic stirring device is started, the rotating speed is 3r/s, and the electrolytic polishing time is 20 s.
The picture of the present embodiment for the optical metallographic observation is shown in fig. 2; the picture analyzed by scanning electron microscope is shown in FIG. 3; a picture of the electron backscatter diffraction is shown in figure 4. Therefore, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method of the embodiment can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like.
Example four, an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution of this example is composed of methanol and perchloric acid; wherein the mass percent of the methanol is 85 percent, and the mass percent of the perchloric acid is 15 percent.
The method for carrying out electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following steps: firstly, grinding the aluminum-copper alloy by using 1000-mesh abrasive paper, and then putting the aluminum-copper alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; the electrolytic polishing is carried out at room temperature, the voltage is 25V, simultaneously, a magnetic stirring device is started, the rotating speed is 3r/s, and the electrolytic polishing time is 20 s.
Through verification, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like. The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the pictures is shown in figure 5.
Fifth, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution of the present embodiment is composed of methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol, and water; wherein, the mass percentage of the methanol is 80 percent, the mass percentage of the perchloric acid is 5 percent, the mass percentage of the ethanol is 5 percent, and the balance is water.
The method for carrying out electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following steps: firstly, grinding the aluminum-copper alloy by using 1000-mesh abrasive paper, and then putting the aluminum-copper alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; the electrolytic polishing is carried out at room temperature, the voltage is 25V, and simultaneously, a magnetic stirring device is started, the rotating speed is 3r/s, and the electrolytic polishing time is 5 s.
Through verification, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like. The pictures of the optical metallographic observation are shown in fig. 6.
Sixthly, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution of the embodiment is composed of methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol and water; wherein, the mass percentage of the methanol is 80 percent, the mass percentage of the perchloric acid is 5 percent, the mass percentage of the ethanol is 10 percent, and the balance is water.
The method for carrying out electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following steps: firstly, grinding the aluminum-copper alloy by using 1000-mesh abrasive paper, and then putting the aluminum-copper alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; the electrolytic polishing is carried out at room temperature, the voltage is 25V, and simultaneously, a magnetic stirring device is started, the rotating speed is 3r/s, and the electrolytic polishing time is 2 s.
Through verification, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like.
The embodiment proves that the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and the electrolytic polishing method can be generally used in various analysis means such as optical metallographic observation, scanning electron microscope analysis, electron back scattering diffraction and the like; the formula has less related content and lower cost; the electrolytic polishing method only needs 2-20 s of time and normal temperature, so that the efficiency can be improved, and the difficulty can be reduced.
Claims (4)
1. The method for electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, pretreating the aluminum alloy, and then putting the pretreated aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; performing electrolytic polishing at room temperature, wherein the voltage is 15-25V, and simultaneously starting a magnetic stirring device; wherein the pretreatment of the aluminum alloy means that the surface of the aluminum alloy is ground flat by 1000-mesh abrasive paper; if the aluminum alloy is an aluminum lithium alloy or an aluminum magnesium alloy, the electrolysis time is 2-10 s; if the aluminum alloy is an aluminum-copper alloy, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-iron alloy or an aluminum-zinc alloy, the electrolysis time is 10-20 s; wherein the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution consists of methanol, perchloric acid, ethanol and water; wherein the mass percentage of the components is 70-80 percent of methanol, 5-15 percent of perchloric acid, 5-10 percent of ethanol and the balance of water, and the sum of the mass percentage of the components is 100 percent.
2. The method for electrolytic polishing using an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the magnetic stirring is 3 r/s.
3. The method for electrolytic polishing by using the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, pretreating the aluminum alloy, and then putting the pretreated aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution for electrolytic polishing; wherein the pretreated aluminum alloy is used as an anode, and the stainless steel wafer is used as a cathode; performing electrolytic polishing at room temperature, wherein the voltage is 15-25V, and simultaneously starting a magnetic stirring device, wherein the electrolytic polishing time is 10-20 s; wherein the aluminum alloy is aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy or aluminum-zinc alloy; wherein the pretreatment of the aluminum alloy means that the surface of the aluminum alloy is ground flat by 1000-mesh abrasive paper; the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution consists of 85% of methanol and 15% of perchloric acid by mass.
4. The method for electrolytic polishing using an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution according to claim 3, wherein the rotation speed of the magnetic stirring is 3 r/s.
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