CN110835524B - Temperature-resistant and salt-resistant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Temperature-resistant and salt-resistant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature-resistant and salt-resistant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the molecular formula of the emulsifying viscosity reducer is as follows:
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a viscosity reducer used in the process of crude oil exploitation, in particular to a temperature-resistant and salt-resistant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The thick oil generally has high viscosity, high density and high content of colloid and asphaltene. The thickened oil in China has the characteristics of low asphaltene content, high colloid content, low metal content, high viscosity, low relative density and the like. According to the viscosity and relative density, the oil can be divided into common thick oil, extra thick oil and super thick oil.
Saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, gums and asphaltenes constitute four components of the defined family of crude oils. The mass percentages of the four components in the crude oil reflect the chemical composition characteristics of the crude oil, and the composition characteristics are closely related to the fluidity of the crude oil. The low saturated hydrocarbon content and high colloidal asphaltene content are the most obvious features of the thick oil family of compositions. The type and content of wax in the crude oil, the carbon number distribution of monomer hydrocarbon in the wax, the content and type of colloid asphaltene and the content of light components have complex influence on the effect of the viscosity reducer.
At present, the viscosity reduction method commonly used in the thick oil exploitation process at home and abroad comprises a heating viscosity reduction method, a hydrothermal cracking viscosity reduction method, a light oil dilution method, a microorganism viscosity reduction method and a chemical viscosity reduction method. Chemical viscosity reduction is a method for reducing the viscosity of crude oil by adding a certain medicament into the crude oil and acting the medicament. At present, for any crude oil, a chemical agent capable of reducing the viscosity under any condition is not discovered, and corresponding viscosity reduction measures can be adopted only according to different crude oil physical properties and different oil well production conditions. The viscosity reduction method comprises a viscosity reduction technology of adding an oil-soluble viscosity reducer and a viscosity reduction technology of adding an emulsifier.
The oil-soluble viscosity reducer is mainly based on the development technology of crude oil viscosity reducers, aims at the condition that colloid and asphaltene molecules are in a layered accumulation state, and makes the viscosity reducer molecules penetrate into the molecular layers of the colloid or the asphaltene molecules by means of the characteristic that accumulated layer gaps are loosened under the action of high temperature or solvent, so as to play a role in reducing the viscosity of thick oil. The viscosity reducer and the pour point depressant are different in that the structure of the viscosity reducer contains functional groups with larger polarity and/or functional groups with surface activity, and sometimes the viscosity reducer is compounded with a surfactant or a solvent for use.
The main component of the emulsifying viscosity reducer is a surface active substance, and the surface active substance which can be used as the emulsifying viscosity reducer of the thick oil mainly comprises nonionic type or nonionic-anion combination type, anionic type, cationic type and compound type. The emulsification viscosity-reducing method is well known as a chemical viscosity-reducing method which has an effect on viscosity reduction of thick oil and is low in cost.
At present, the commercially available emulsification viscosity reducer has poor effect on thick oil under the condition of high mineralized water, and the viscosity reducing effect is mostly lost when the formation water with calcium and magnesium ion concentration higher than 7000mg/L is encountered.
US 4016932 reports a method for compounding uncondensed petroleum sulfonate, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and alkali as an oil displacement agent, and the method can be used for preparing a compound oil displacement agent with the total ion concentration of 125000mg/L (Ca2+、Mg2+5800mg/L) of formation water. But is not suitable for the recovery of thick oil. Because the heavy oil contains a large amount of asphaltene and colloid, the production conditions are special. But also has no effect on the calcium and magnesium concentration in the formation water which is more than 10000 mg/L.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a temperature-resistant and salt-resistant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof aiming at the problems encountered in the current domestic thick oil exploitation. When the addition amount is 100mg/L, the viscosity of the thick oil at 50 ℃ can be reduced by more than 95%.
The invention aims to provide a temperature-resistant salt-resistant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer, which is prepared by reacting 1, 6-dibromohexane with aniline to generate an intermediate, and then reacting bromoalkane with the intermediate to generate a final product, wherein the molecular formula of the emulsifying viscosity reducer is as follows:
wherein n is a natural number, and n is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 16.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the temperature-resistant and salt-resistant thick oil emulsification viscosity reducer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sequentially adding the 1, 6-dibromohexane and the aniline in the proportion into a three-neck flask provided with a reflux condenser tube, and then adding a solvent of absolute ethyl alcohol; heating to 40-55 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 200-400 rpm for 10-20 min, introducing condensed water after complete dissolution, rapidly heating to 80-85 ℃ under the condition of unchanged stirring speed, and carrying out reflux reaction for 24-36 h; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature to obtain an intermediate mixture;
(2) carrying out suction filtration on the intermediate mixture to obtain brown powder, washing the brown powder with petroleum ether for 2-4 times, and drying the obtained solid in a vacuum drying oven for 20-40 h to obtain an intermediate N, N' -diphenylhexanediamine;
(3) putting the intermediate N, N' -diphenylhexanediamine into a three-neck flask again, then sequentially adding dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium hydroxide serving as solvents into the three-neck flask, keeping the temperature to 20-25 ℃, stirring at the speed of 300-500 rpm, slowly adding bromoalkane in the proportion into a reaction solution after complete dissolution, keeping the temperature unchanged, stirring at the speed of 400-600 rpm, continuously reacting for 6-10 hours, and obtaining a crude product after the reaction is finished;
(4) and (3) evaporating the solvent in the crude product by using a rotary evaporator, washing the obtained solid with acetone for 2-3 times, and then placing the washed solid in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 12-24 hours to obtain a yellowish solid substance, namely the final product of the invention.
Wherein the molar ratio of the 1, 6-dibromohexane to the aniline to the bromoalkane is 1: 2.0-2.2: 1.8-2.0, and preferably 1:2.1: 2.0.
The bromoalkane is one of bromodecane, bromododecane, bromotetradecane and bromohexadecane.
The dosage of the solvent absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2 times of the mass of 1, 6-dibromohexane; the dosage of the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide is 1-3 times of the mass of 1, 6-dibromohexane; the dosage of the sodium hydroxide is 0.1-0.3 time of the mass of the 1, 6-dibromohexane;
the preparation equation of the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer is as follows:
wherein n is a natural number, and n is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 16.
The emulsifying viscosity reducer is a nonionic gemini surfactant, and two amphipathic molecules are connected together at the head groups of the emulsifying viscosity reducer through chemical bonds, so that the hydrophobic interaction between hydrophobic groups is enhanced, and the repulsion between ionic hydrophilic groups is greatly weakened due to the limitation of linking groups, therefore, compared with the traditional surfactant with single head and single tail, the gemini surfactant has higher surface activity, lower critical micelle concentration, good calcium soap dispersing performance and the like. The two phenyl groups introduced by the invention enhance the binding effect between the gemini surfactant and the thickened oil colloid and the asphaltene. Meanwhile, the phenyl belongs to a rigid group, and the temperature resistance is good; and no anions and cations exist in the molecules, so that the salt tolerance is good.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the emulsifying viscosity reducer has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple synthesis process, clean and pollution-free process, and easy acquisition, transportation and storage of products;
(2) the emulsifying viscosity reducer has the characteristics of small using amount and low cost, and has remarkable economic benefit;
(3) the emulsifying viscosity reducer has remarkable temperature resistance and salt tolerance, can resist the temperature of more than 120 ℃, has the calcium and magnesium ion resistance concentration of 10000mg/L, and has the total ion resistance concentration of 200000 mg/L;
(4) the invention has strong emulsifying and dispersing ability and high viscosity reduction rate, and can reduce the viscosity of the thickened oil at 50 ℃ by more than 95.0 percent when the dosage is 100 ppm.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples and with reference to the data. It will be understood that these examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
244g of 1, 6-dibromohexane and 186.2g of aniline are sequentially added into a three-neck flask provided with a reflux condenser tube, and then 244g of solvent absolute ethyl alcohol is added; heating to 40 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 200rpm for 10min, introducing condensed water after complete dissolution, rapidly heating to 80 ℃ under the condition of unchanged stirring speed, and carrying out reflux reaction for 24 h; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature to obtain an intermediate mixture;
filtering the intermediate mixture to obtain brown powder, washing the brown powder for 2 times by using petroleum ether, and drying the obtained solid in a vacuum drying oven for 20 hours to obtain an intermediate N, N' -diphenyl hexamethylene diamine;
thirdly, putting the intermediate N, N' -diphenylhexanediamine into the three-neck flask again, then sequentially adding 244g of solvent dimethyl sulfoxide and 24.4g of sodium hydroxide into the three-neck flask, keeping the temperature to 25 ℃, and stirring at the speed of 300rpm, after the dimethyl sulfoxide and the sodium hydroxide are completely dissolved, slowly adding 398.124g of bromodecane into the reaction solution, keeping the temperature unchanged, and stirring at the speed of 400rpm, continuously reacting for 6 hours, and obtaining a crude product after the reaction is finished;
fourthly, evaporating the solvent in the crude product by using a rotary evaporator, washing the obtained solid for 2 times by using acetone, and then placing the solid in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 12 hours to obtain a yellowish solid substance, namely the final product A of the invention1。
Generating the thick oil emulsification viscosity reducer A with temperature resistance and salt tolerance1The reaction equation of (a) is as follows:
example 2
Adding 244g of 1, 6-dibromohexane and 195.51g of aniline into a three-neck flask provided with a reflux condenser tube in sequence, and then adding 350g of solvent absolute ethyl alcohol; heating to 50 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 300rpm for 20min, introducing condensed water after complete dissolution, rapidly heating to 83 ℃ under the condition of unchanged stirring speed, and carrying out reflux reaction for 28 h; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature to obtain an intermediate mixture;
filtering the intermediate mixture to obtain brown powder, washing the brown powder for 3 times by using petroleum ether, and drying the obtained solid in a vacuum drying oven for 25 hours to obtain an intermediate N, N' -diphenyl hexamethylene diamine;
thirdly, putting the intermediate N, N' -diphenylhexanediamine into the three-neck flask again, then sequentially adding 732g of dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and 48.8g of sodium hydroxide into the three-neck flask, keeping the temperature to 22 ℃, and stirring at the speed of 420rpm, after the dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and the sodium hydroxide are completely dissolved, slowly adding 498.46g of bromododecane into the reaction solution, keeping the temperature unchanged, and stirring at the speed of 520rpm, continuously reacting for 8 hours, and obtaining a crude product after the reaction is finished;
fourthly, evaporating the solvent in the crude product by using a rotary evaporator, washing the obtained solid for 2 times by using acetone, and then placing the solid in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 20 hours to obtain a yellowish solid substance, namely the final product A of the invention2。
Generating the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer A2The reaction equation of (a) is as follows:
example 3
Adding 244g of 1, 6-dibromohexane and 204.82g of aniline into a three-neck flask provided with a reflux condenser tube in sequence, and then adding 488g of solvent absolute ethyl alcohol; heating to 55 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 400rpm for 16min, introducing condensed water after complete dissolution, rapidly heating to 85 ℃ under the condition of unchanged stirring speed, and carrying out reflux reaction for 36 h; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature to obtain an intermediate mixture;
filtering the intermediate mixture to obtain brown powder, washing with petroleum ether for 4 times, and drying the obtained solid in a vacuum drying oven for 40 hours to obtain an intermediate N, N' -diphenyl hexanediamine;
thirdly, placing the intermediate N, N' -diphenylhexanediamine into the three-neck flask again, then sequentially adding 500g of dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and 73.2g of sodium hydroxide into the three-neck flask, keeping the temperature to 25 ℃, and stirring at the speed of 500rpm, after the dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and the sodium hydroxide are completely dissolved, slowly adding 549.612g of bromohexadecane into the reaction liquid, keeping the temperature unchanged, and continuously reacting for 10 hours at the stirring speed of 600rpm to obtain a crude product after the reaction is finished;
fourthly, evaporating the solvent in the crude product by using a rotary evaporator, washing the obtained solid by using acetone for 3 times, and then placing the washed solid in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 24 hours to obtain a yellowish solid substance, namely the final product A of the invention3。
Generating the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer A3The reaction equation of (a) is as follows:
example 4A1Evaluation of viscosity reduction by emulsification
Weighing 70g of victory island heavy oil with the viscosity of 14830mPa & s at 50 ℃ and the contents of colloid and asphaltene of 19.5 percent and 4.8 percent respectively, and mixing with 0.003g A1The emulsifying viscosity reducer is dissolved by 29.997g of high salinity water (total salinity is 100000mg/L, wherein the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions is 10000mg/L), added into the thick oil, kept at the constant temperature of 50 ℃ for 30min, stirred uniformly, and then the viscosity of the emulsified thick oil at the temperature of 50 ℃ is tested by a Brookfield DV-III viscometer, and the test result is shown in Table 1.
Example 5A2Evaluation of viscosity reduction by emulsification
Weighing 70g of victory pure beam thick oil with the viscosity of 89650mPa & s at 50 ℃ and the contents of colloid and asphaltene of 35.5 percent and 5.4 percent respectively, and mixing the weighed oil with the viscosity of 0.003g A2The emulsifying viscosity reducer is prepared from 29.997g of high-salinity water (total salinity of 150000mg/L, wherein the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions is 50000mg/L), adding into the thick oil, keeping the temperature at 50 ℃ for 30min, stirring uniformly, and testing the viscosity of the emulsified thick oil at 50 ℃ by using a Brookfield DV-III viscometer, wherein the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 6A3Evaluation of viscosity reduction by emulsification
Weighing 70g of victory island heavy oil with the viscosity of 56260mP & s at 50 ℃ and the contents of colloid and asphaltene of 25.3 percent and 5.0 percent respectively, and mixing the weighed heavy oil with the viscosity of 0.003g A3The emulsifying viscosity reducer is dissolved by 29.997g of high salinity water (total salinity is 200000mg/L, wherein the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions is 100000mg/L), added into the thick oil, kept at the constant temperature of 50 ℃ for 30min, stirred uniformly, and then the viscosity of the emulsified thick oil at 50 ℃ is tested by a Brookfield DV-III viscometer, and the test result is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The commercially available nonionic surfactant NP-21 (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) was used in place of the emulsification viscosity reducer described in example 4, the amount of emulsifier, the emulsification conditions and the emulsification procedure were the same as in example 4, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
The commercially available nonionic surfactant NP-21 (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) was used in place of the emulsification viscosity reducer described in example 5, the amount of emulsifier, the emulsification conditions and the emulsification procedure were the same as those of example 5, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
The emulsifier, the amount of emulsifier, the emulsification conditions and the emulsification procedure described in example 6 were the same as those of example 6, except that a commercially available nonionic surfactant NP-21 (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) was used in place of the emulsifier described in example 6, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 emulsification viscosity reducer A1、A2、A3And viscosity reduction rate of commercially available nonionic surfactant NP-21
As can be seen from Table 1, the temperature-resistant and salt-resistant emulsification viscosity reducer of the invention has good emulsification viscosity reduction effect on various heavy oils. When the addition amount is 100ppm, the emulsifying viscosity reducer can reduce the viscosity of the thickened oil by more than 97 percent under the conditions of high temperature and high mineralization degree. And the commercial nonionic surfactant NP-21 (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) has poor salt resistance, and does not have the capability of emulsifying and reducing viscosity under the condition that the total mineralization is more than 150000 mg/L. Meanwhile, the emulsifying viscosity reducer disclosed by the invention is low in dosage, simple to synthesize and good in economic benefit, and can completely meet the requirements of on-site thick oil exploitation and transportation.
Claims (8)
1. The temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer is characterized by having the following molecular formula:
wherein n is a natural number, and n is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 16.
2. The preparation method of the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sequentially adding 1, 6-dibromohexane and aniline into a three-neck flask provided with a reflux condenser tube, and then adding a solvent, namely absolute ethyl alcohol; heating to 40-55 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 200-400 rpm for 10-20 min, introducing condensed water after complete dissolution, rapidly heating to 80-85 ℃ under the condition of unchanged stirring speed, and carrying out reflux reaction for 24-36 h; after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature to obtain an intermediate mixture;
(2) carrying out suction filtration on the intermediate mixture to obtain brown powder, washing the brown powder with petroleum ether for 2-4 times, and drying the obtained solid in a vacuum drying oven for 20-40 h to obtain an intermediate N, N' -diphenylhexanediamine;
(3) putting the intermediate N, N' -diphenylhexanediamine into a three-neck flask again, then sequentially adding dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium hydroxide serving as solvents into the three-neck flask, keeping the temperature to 20-25 ℃, stirring at the speed of 300-500 rpm, slowly adding bromoalkane into a reaction solution after complete dissolution, keeping the temperature unchanged, stirring at the speed of 400-600 rpm, continuously reacting for 6-10 hours, and obtaining a crude product after the reaction is finished;
(4) and (3) evaporating the solvent in the crude product by using a rotary evaporator, washing the obtained solid with acetone for 2-3 times, and then placing the washed solid in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 12-24 hours to obtain a yellowish solid substance, namely the final product of the invention.
3. The preparation method of the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of 1, 6-dibromohexane to aniline to bromoalkane is 1: 2.0-2.2: 1.8-2.0.
4. The preparation method of the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the molar ratio of the 1, 6-dibromohexane to the aniline to the bromoalkane is 1:2.1: 2.0.
5. The method for preparing the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the bromoalkane is one of bromodecane, bromododecane, bromotetradecane and bromohexadecane.
6. The preparation method of the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the solvent absolute ethyl alcohol is 1-2 times of the mass of 1, 6-dibromohexane.
7. The preparation method of the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide is 1-3 times of the mass of 1, 6-dibromohexane.
8. The preparation method of the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant thick oil emulsifying viscosity reducer according to claim 2, wherein the amount of sodium hydroxide is 0.1-0.3 times of the mass of 1, 6-dibromohexane.
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