CN110835235B - LDHs-based performance regulation and control method for water evaporation power generation device - Google Patents
LDHs-based performance regulation and control method for water evaporation power generation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs, which comprises the following steps: preparing LDHs solid powder with different surface charge densities; uniformly dispersing different LDHs solid powder in liquid to form LDHs liquid; coating different LDHs liquids on a substrate provided with a tab at a certain temperature; drying to make the LDHs liquid uniformly form a film. The invention utilizes the structural characteristic that divalent metal ions can be replaced by trivalent metal ions on the two-dimensional layer of the LDHs, and can accurately regulate and control the charge density on the surface of the LDHs by controlling the molar ratio of the divalent metal ions to the trivalent metal ions, thereby accurately regulating and controlling the performance of the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device. The invention breaks through the scientific difficulty that the performance of the traditional carbon-based water evaporation power generation device is difficult to accurately regulate and control, and lays a foundation for the performance regulation and control of the self-driven wearable device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs.
Background
Converting environmental energy into electrical energy is a necessary link for constructing low-cost, green and self-driven devices. Water evaporation is a spontaneous process in nature at all times, and water evaporation power generation devices that generate electric energy by water evaporation have been known. The existing water evaporation power generation device is structured with a substrate provided with electrodes, and the substrate is provided with a coating connected with the electrodes. The coating of the water evaporation power generation device is partially immersed in water, and the water evaporation is used as a driving force, so that flowing potential can be generated in the coating, and further electric energy (voltage and current) can be generated between two electrodes. At present, only two coating materials are applied to the water evaporation power generation device, one is a carbon material, and the other is an LDH material (the water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs and the preparation method thereof, CN 2017113877335). For carbon materials, various carbon materials such as carbon black, graphene oxide, and the like have proven to be good materials for self-driven water evaporation power generation, and functionalization (i.e., surface charging) of the surface of the carbon material is a necessary condition for achieving water evaporation power generation. However, due to the limitation of Carbon materials, the existing research is only limited to the qualitative control of the surface charge types of Carbon materials, such as the qualitative control of the surface functional groups of graphene oxide (Carbon, 2019, 148: 1), the qualitative control of the surface of Carbon nanoparticles (Nature Nanotechnology, 2017, 12: 317; Nano Energy, 2019, 58: 797; Nano Energy, 2019, 60: 52, the preparation method of patents such as biomass pomelo peel derived surface functional group layered Carbon materials, CN 100650865; oxygen-rich functional group Carbon/illite composite adsorbent material and the preparation method thereof, CN 109015586, a class of two-dimensional Carbon-rich materials rich in carbonyl, thione and selenone functional groups and the application thereof, CN 7103145330, porous Carbon microsphere electrode materials based on surface functional groups and the preparation method thereof, supercapacitors thereof and the preparation method thereof, and 2013104603817, but the above methods are difficult to accurately control the surface charge density of Carbon materials, therefore, the performance of the carbon-based water evaporation generator cannot be accurately regulated and controlled. The accurate regulation and control of the performance of the water evaporation power generation device is the research focus of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The LDHs are hydroxides having a layered crystal structure composed of two or more metal elements. The LDHs sheets have positive charges and exchangeable anions between layers. The basic building block of LDHs is called the unit crystal layer, which is a metal- (hydrogen) oxygen octahedron, the metal ion is located in the center of the octahedron, and OH-Located at six vertex angles of the octahedron, and adjacent octahedrons are mutually connected by common edgesAnd forming a two-dimensionally extended coordination octahedral structure layer, and stacking the unit crystal layers through the plane to form crystal particles. The chemical composition general formula of LDHs is [ MII 1-xMIII x(OH)2]x+[An- x/n]x-·mH2O, in the formula MIIRefers to divalent metal cations, e.g. Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Zn2+、Ca2+Etc.; mIIIRefers to a trivalent metal cation, such as Al3+、Cr3+、Mn3+、Fe3+、Co3+Etc.; a. then-Refers to anions having n negative charges, e.g. Cl-、OH-、NO3 -、CO3 2-、SO4 2-And organic anions and the like; x is M in every mole of LDHsIIIThe number of moles of (a); m is the number of moles of crystal water per mole of LDHs. The different pairs of divalent and trivalent metal ions constitute a wide variety of layered double hydroxides having different properties. It can be easily found that x can be easily controlled by the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt to the trivalent metal salt in the synthesis process of the LDHs. And an accurate calculation formula is arranged between the surface charge density of x and the LDHs, dc＝xe/a2sin60 ° (New Journal of Chemistry, 2016, 40: 8364) wherein dcIs the surface charge density of the LDHs, e is the electron charge, and a is the lattice constant. Therefore, by controlling the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt to the trivalent metal salt, we can precisely control the surface charge density of the LDHs.
The patent (LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device and preparation method, CN2017113877335) that the applicant has granted focuses on device preparation, and the divalent metal salt and the trivalent metal salt are studied according to the ratio range of the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt ion to the trivalent metal salt ion being 1-2, and it is not found how to precisely regulate and control the performance of the water evaporation power generation device.
The applicant has conducted extensive studies to confirm that when divalent metal ions (such as Ni) are present2+) And trivalent metal ions (e.g., Al)3+) When the molar ratio of (B) is more than 9, thenThe structure of the LDH-forming compound is changed, and hydroxide of divalent metal such as Ni (OH) is easily generated2The XRD is shown in figure 1. And when the molar ratio is less than 3, the voltage of the water evaporation power generation device is 0.5-1.5V, and when the molar ratio of the divalent metal ions to the trivalent metal ions is in the range of 3-9, the voltage of the water evaporation power generation device is 1.15-9.55V, and the performance is obviously better than that of the issued patent (patent number: ZL 201711387733.5).
Accordingly, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The invention provides a performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs, which can accurately regulate and control the performance of the power generation device by accurately regulating and controlling the surface charge density of the LDHs.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of the water evaporation power generation device is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps.
a. Preparing LDHs solid powder with different surface charge densities;
b. respectively and uniformly dispersing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities in liquid to form LDHs liquid;
c. respectively coating LDHs liquids with different surface charge densities on a substrate provided with tabs;
d. drying to enable the LDHs liquid to form a film uniformly, and forming a water evaporation power generation device with different surface charge densities;
e. and (3) carrying out electrical performance test on the water evaporation power generation device with different surface charge densities.
The preparation of the LDHs solid powder with different surface charge densities is carried out according to the following steps in sequence:
a.1 preparing an aqueous solution containing divalent metal salt of 10-3500mmol/L and trivalent metal salt of 1-3500 mmol/L;
a.2, mixing divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt into aqueous solution according to the molar ratio of divalent metal salt ions to trivalent metal salt ions of 3-9, and then respectively reacting with alkaline substances at room temperature of-300 ℃ for 10-72h to respectively generate precipitates;
a.3, washing and drying the precipitate respectively to obtain LDHs solid powder with different surface charge densities;
the metal ion of the divalent metal salt is Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Zn2+Or Ca2+(ii) a The metal ion of the trivalent metal salt is Al3+、Cr3+、Mn3+、Fe3+Or Co3+(ii) a The alkaline substance is NaOH, KOH, urea or hexamethylene tetramine.
The invention utilizes the structural characteristic that divalent metal ions can be replaced by trivalent metal ions on the two-dimensional layer of the LDHs, and can accurately regulate and control the charge density on the surface of the LDHs by controlling the molar ratio of the divalent metal ions to the trivalent metal ions, thereby accurately regulating and controlling the performance of the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device. The invention breaks through the scientific difficulty that the performance of the traditional carbon-based water evaporation power generation device is difficult to accurately regulate and control, and lays a foundation for the performance regulation and control of the self-driven wearable device.
Research also finds that the coating preparation method used in the prior art is room temperature self-assembly, and has the problems that the coating is fragile and is easy to desorb with a substrate in water, thus seriously affecting the stability of the device and being not beneficial to the normal operation of a water evaporation power generation device. Step c, respectively coating LDHs liquid with different surface charge densities on the substrate provided with the lugs, and further specifically:
c1. the substrate is placed on a heating furnace and heated to a certain temperature, the substrate is adjustable (rigid or flexible), and the heating temperature is adjustable;
c2. the LDHs liquid is sprayed on the substrate between the two electrodes by a spray gun, and the aperture of the spray gun, the pressure of the spray gun, the angle of the spray gun and the spraying time can be adjusted.
The invention utilizes the spraying technology to prepare the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device, and can solve the problems that the coating is fragile and is easy to desorb with the substrate in water in the existing room temperature self-assembly method. By utilizing the spraying technology, not only a hard substrate (such as a quartz glass sheet) but also a flexible substrate (such as a plastic sheet, a thin film or a fabric) can be adopted, thereby laying a foundation for creating the self-driven wearable device.
The invention also claims the application of the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device performance regulation and control method, which is applied to self-driven wearable devices
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is appreciated that the following drawings depict only certain embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. For a person skilled in the art, it is possible to derive other relevant figures from these figures without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is Ni2+With Al3+XRD pattern of the synthesized LDH at concentration ratio of 10.
FIG. 2 is the XRD spectrum of NiAl-LDHs with different surface charge densities obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a voltage-time curve of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a current-time curve of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities:
five groups of 80ml mixed solutions of nickel nitrate, aluminum nitrate and urea were prepared, in which Ni was held2+And urea concentration of 10mmol/L and 20mmol/L, respectively, adjusting Al3+In a concentration of Ni2+/Al3+The concentration ratios of (A) to (B) are 8.54, 7.36, 5.85, 3.03 and 6.21 in sequence. Then respectively putting the mixture into 5 100ml high-pressure reaction kettles to react for 72h at 150 ℃ to obtain five precipitates (NiAl-LDHs);
cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, opening the kettle, filtering, washing and drying the generated precipitate to obtain five kinds of NiAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.32-3.13 e/nm2Within the range.
The XRD spectrum of the NiAl-LDHs obtained in example 1 of the present invention is shown in figure 2.
b. Uniformly dispersing five kinds of NiAl-LDHs solid powder in water by ultrasonic oscillation to form five kinds of NiAl-LDHs liquid;
c. coating five kinds of NiAl-LDHs liquid on a quartz glass sheet provided with a pole lug at a certain temperature;
d. and drying until five kinds of NiAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: five water evaporation power generation devices based on LDHs in the embodiment 1 of the invention are placed into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the distilled water submerges part of the NiAl-LDHs film, and the voltage and the current between the lugs are measured. The voltage is 1.15V, 4.85V, 6.25V, 7.50V and 5.15V (the voltage varies from 1.15 to 7.50V), and the current is 150nA, 600nA, 950nA, 1200nA and 750nA (the voltage varies from 150 to 1200 nA). The voltage-time curve is shown in fig. 3 and the current-time curve is shown in fig. 4.
Example 2:
the performance regulation and control method of the water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities:
7 groups of 20ml mixed solution of nickel nitrate and aluminum nitrate, in which Al is contained3+Has a concentration of 3.5mol/L, Ni2+According to the formula with Al3+The concentration ratios were 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively. The 7 groups of solutions are labeled solution I; preparing 200ml of 2.0mol/L NaOH solution, wherein the solution is marked as solution II; preparing 0.1mol/L NaNO3100ml of solution, this solution being labeled solution III;
putting the solution III into a 1000ml big beaker, then respectively dropwise adding the solution I and the solution II into the beaker by using a peristaltic pump, continuously stirring by using a magneton, monitoring the pH of the solution in the beaker by using a pH meter, and adjusting the dropping speed of the two peristaltic pumps to keep the pH of the solution in the beaker at 10 all the time;
after the solution I is completely dripped, stirring is continued for 10min, the pH value of the solution is kept at 10, then, stirring is stopped, and standing is carried out for 10h, so that 7 groups of precipitates (NiAl-LDHs) are obtained;
filtering, washing and drying the precipitate obtained in the beaker to obtain 7 groups of different NiAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.26-3.15 e/nm2Within the range.
b. Uniformly dispersing 7 groups of NiAl-LDHs solid powder in water by ultrasonic oscillation to form 7 groups of NiAl-LDHs liquid;
c. coating 7 groups of NiAl-LDHs liquid on a flexible plastic sheet provided with a tab at a certain temperature;
d. and (5) drying until 7 groups of NiAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device in embodiment 2 of the invention is placed into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the distilled water submerges part of the NiAl-LDHs film, and the voltage and the current between the tabs are measured. The voltage is changed between 1.55 and 8.65V, and the current is changed between 300 and 1500 nA.
Example 3:
the performance regulation and control method of the water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities:
5 sets of 80ml mixed solution of nickel chloride, aluminum chloride and urea in which Ni was held were prepared2+And urea concentration is respectively 64mmol/L and 140mmol/L, and Al is adjusted3+In a concentration of Ni2+/Al3+The concentration ratios of (A) to (B) are 9.0, 8.2, 6.3, 5.4 and 3.1 in sequence. Then respectively putting the precipitates into a 100ml high-pressure reaction kettle to react for 24h at 300 ℃ to obtain 5 groups of precipitates (NiAl-LDHs);
cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, opening the reaction kettle, filtering, washing and drying the generated precipitate to obtain five groups of NiAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.26-3.08 e/nm2Within the range of
b. Uniformly dispersing five groups of NiAl-LDHs solid powder in a solvent to form five groups of NiAl-LDHs liquid;
c. coating NiAl-LDHs liquid on a quartz glass sheet provided with a pole lug at a certain temperature;
d. and drying until five groups of NiAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device in embodiment 3 of the invention is placed into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the distilled water submerges part of the NiAl-LDHs film, and the voltage and the current between the tabs are measured. The voltage is changed between 2.12 and 9.55V, and the current is changed between 500 and 2000 nA.
Example 4:
the performance regulation and control method of the water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities:
7 groups of 20ml mixed solution of magnesium nitrate and aluminum nitrate, in which Al is contained3+Has a concentration of 3.5mol/L, Mg2+According to the formula with Al3+The concentration ratios were 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively. This solution is labeled solution I; 200ml of 2.0mol/L KOH solution is prepared, and the solution is markedIs solution II; KNO of 0.1mol/L is prepared3100ml of solution, this solution being labeled solution III;
putting the solution III into a 1000ml big beaker, then respectively dropwise adding the solution I and the solution II into the beaker by using a peristaltic pump, continuously stirring by using a magneton, monitoring the pH of the solution in the beaker by using a pH meter, and adjusting the dropping speed of the two peristaltic pumps to keep the pH of the solution in the beaker at 10 all the time;
after the solution I is completely dripped, stirring is continued for 10min, the pH value of the solution is kept at 10, then, stirring is stopped, and standing is carried out for 24h, so that 7 groups of precipitates (MgAl-LDHs) are obtained;
filtering, washing and drying 7 groups of precipitates obtained in the beaker to obtain 7 groups of MgAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.26-3.15 e/nm2Within the range.
b. Uniformly dispersing MgAl-LDHs solid powder in a solvent to form 7 groups of MgAl-LDHs liquid;
c. coating MgAl-LDHs liquid on a flexible plastic sheet provided with a tab at a certain temperature;
d. and drying until 7 groups of MgAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device in the embodiment 4 of the invention is placed into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the distilled water submerges part of the MgAl-LDHs film, and the voltage and the current between the lugs are measured. The voltage varies from 1.83V to 7.68V, and the current varies from 400 nA to 2100 nA.
Example 5:
the performance regulation and control method of the water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities:
five groups of 80ml mixed solutions of magnesium nitrate, aluminum nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine were prepared, in which Mg was retained2+The concentrations of hexamethylenetetramine and hexamethylenetetramine are 1.2mol/L and 1.3mol/L, and Al is adjusted3+At a concentration of Mg2+/Al3+Is rich inThe proportion of degrees is 3.0, 5.4, 6.2, 7.9 and 8.5 in sequence. Then respectively putting the precipitates into a 100ml high-pressure reaction kettle to react for 72 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain five groups of precipitates (MgAl-LDHs);
cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, opening the kettle, filtering, washing and drying the generated precipitate to obtain five groups of MgAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.33-3.15 e/nm2Within the range.
b. Uniformly dispersing MgAl-LDHs solid powder in water by ultrasonic oscillation to form five groups of MgAl-LDHs liquid;
c. coating MgAl-LDHs liquid on waterproof cloth provided with the pole lug at a certain temperature;
d. and drying until five groups of MgAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device of embodiment 5 of the invention is placed into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the distilled water submerges part of the MgAl-LDHs film, and the voltage and the current between the tabs are measured. The voltage varies from 2.34V to 8.96V, and the current varies from 600nA to 2600 nA.
Example 6:
the performance regulation and control method of the water evaporation power generation device based on LDHs is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid powder of LDHs:
five groups of 80ml mixed solution of ferrous nitrate, aluminum nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine were prepared, in which Fe was maintained2+The concentration of hexamethylene tetramine is divided into 64mmol/L and 70mmol/L, and Al is adjusted3+At a concentration of Fe2+/Al3+The concentration ratios of (A) to (B) are 4.6, 8.5, 7.3, 4.9 and 5.1 in sequence. Then respectively putting the precipitates into a 100ml high-pressure reaction kettle to react for 12 hours at 180 ℃ to obtain five groups of precipitates (FeAl-LDHs);
cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, opening the reaction kettle, filtering the generated precipitate, washing with distilled water for 2-3 times, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain five groups of FeAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.33-2.25 e/nm2Within the range.
b. Uniformly dispersing FeAl-LDHs solid powder in water by ultrasonic oscillation to form five groups of FeAl-LDHs liquid;
c. coating five groups of FeAl-LDHs liquid on the flexible waterproof cloth provided with the pole lugs at a certain temperature;
d. and drying until five groups of FeAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device of embodiment 6 of the present invention was placed in a beaker containing distilled water, so that part of the FeAl-LDHs film was immersed in the distilled water, and the voltage and current between the tabs were measured. The voltage varies from 2.12V to 8.43V, and the current varies from 800 nA to 3100 nA.
Example 7:
the invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities:
five groups of 80ml mixed solutions of nickel nitrate, aluminum nitrate and urea were prepared, in which Ni was held2+And urea concentration of 10mmol/L and 20mmol/L, respectively, adjusting Al3+In a concentration of Ni2+/Al3+The concentration ratios of (A) to (B) are 8.54, 7.36, 5.85, 3.03 and 6.21 in sequence. Then respectively putting the mixture into 5 100ml high-pressure reaction kettles to react for 72h at 150 ℃ to obtain five precipitates (NiAl-LDHs);
cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, opening the kettle, filtering, washing and drying the generated precipitate to obtain five kinds of NiAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.32-3.13 e/nm2Within the range.
The XRD spectrum of the NiAl-LDHs obtained in example 1 of the present invention is shown in figure 2.
b. Uniformly dispersing five kinds of NiAl-LDHs solid powder in water by ultrasonic oscillation to form five kinds of NiAl-LDHs liquid;
c. spraying five kinds of NiAl-LDHs liquid on a glass sheet provided with an electrode, wherein the heating temperature of the glass sheet is 160 ℃, the aperture of a spray gun is 1mm, the angle of the spray gun is 70 degrees, and the spraying time is 8 hours; experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device in the embodiment 7 of the invention is put into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the NiAl-LDHs film is immersed in the distilled water and is not desorbed.
d. And drying until five kinds of NiAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: five water evaporation power generation devices based on LDHs in embodiment 7 of the invention are placed into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that part of the NiAl-LDHs film is immersed in the distilled water, and the voltage and the current between the tabs are measured. The voltage is 1.15V, 4.85V, 6.25V, 7.50V and 5.15V (the voltage varies from 1.15 to 7.50V), and the current is 150nA, 600nA, 950nA, 1200nA and 750nA (the voltage varies from 150 to 1200 nA). The voltage-time curve is shown in fig. 3 and the current-time curve is shown in fig. 4.
Example 8:
the method for regulating and controlling the performance of the water evaporation power generation device based on the LDHs is the same as that in embodiment 7.
The invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities:
7 groups of 20ml mixed solution of magnesium nitrate and aluminum nitrate, in which Al is contained3+Has a concentration of 3.5mol/L, Mg2+According to the formula with Al3+The concentration ratios were 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively. This solution is labeled solution I; preparing 200ml of 2.0mol/L KOH solution, wherein the solution is marked as solution II; KNO of 0.1mol/L is prepared3100ml of solution, this solution being labeled solution III;
putting the solution III into a 1000ml big beaker, then respectively dropwise adding the solution I and the solution II into the beaker by using a peristaltic pump, continuously stirring by using a magneton, monitoring the pH of the solution in the beaker by using a pH meter, and adjusting the dropping speed of the two peristaltic pumps to keep the pH of the solution in the beaker at 10 all the time;
after the solution I is completely dripped, stirring is continued for 10min, the pH value of the solution is kept at 10, then, stirring is stopped, and standing is carried out for 24h, so that 7 groups of precipitates (MgAl-LDHs) are obtained;
filtering, washing and drying 7 groups of precipitates obtained in the beaker to obtain 7 groups of MgAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.26-3.15 e-nm2Within the range.
b. Uniformly dispersing MgAl-LDHs solid powder in a solvent to form 7 groups of MgAl-LDHs liquid;
c. spraying 7 MgAl-LDHs liquids on a flexible plastic sheet provided with electrodes, wherein the plastic sheet is heated at 70 ℃, the aperture of a spray gun is 3mm, the angle of the spray gun is 80 degrees, and the spraying time is 3 hours; experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device in the embodiment 8 of the invention is put into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the MgAl-LDHs film is immersed in the distilled water and is not desorbed.
d. And drying until 7 groups of MgAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device of embodiment 8 of the invention is placed into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the distilled water submerges part of the MgAl-LDHs film, and the voltage and the current between the tabs are measured. The voltage varies from 1.83V to 7.68V, and the current varies from 400 nA to 2100 nA.
Example 9:
the method for regulating and controlling the performance of the water evaporation power generation device based on the LDHs is the same as that in embodiment 8.
The invention relates to a LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of a water evaporation power generation device, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing solid powder of LDHs:
five groups of 80ml mixed solution of ferrous nitrate, aluminum nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine were prepared, in which Fe was maintained2+The concentration of hexamethylene tetramine is divided into 64mmol/L and 70mmol/L, and Al is adjusted3+At a concentration of Fe2+/Al3+The concentration ratios of (A) to (B) are 4.6, 8.5, 7.3, 4.9 and 5.1 in sequence. Then respectively putting the precipitates into a 100ml high-pressure reaction kettle to react for 12 hours at 180 ℃ to obtain five groups of precipitates (FeAl-LDHs);
cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, opening the reaction kettle, filtering the generated precipitate, washing with distilled water for 2-3 times, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain five groups of FeAl-LDHs solid powder with the charge density of 1.33-2.25 e/nm2Within the range.
b. Uniformly dispersing FeAl-LDHs solid powder in water by ultrasonic oscillation to form five groups of FeAl-LDHs liquid;
c. spraying 5 MgAl-LDHs liquids on flexible waterproof cloth provided with electrodes, wherein the heating temperature of the waterproof cloth is 50 ℃, the aperture of a spray gun is 5mm, the angle of the spray gun is 90 degrees, and the spraying time is 1 hour; experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device in the embodiment 9 of the invention is put into a beaker filled with distilled water, so that the distilled water immerses the FeAl-LDHs film, and the film does not have any desorption
d. And drying until five groups of FeAl-LDHs liquid are uniformly formed into a film.
Experiment: the LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device of embodiment 9 of the present invention was placed in a beaker containing distilled water, so that part of the FeAl-LDHs film was immersed in the distilled water, and the voltage and current between the tabs were measured. The voltage varies from 2.12V to 8.43V, and the current varies from 800 nA to 3100 nA.
Claims (10)
1. The LDHs-based performance regulation and control method of the water evaporation power generation device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. preparing LDHs solid powder with different surface charge densities;
b. respectively and uniformly dispersing solid LDHs powder with different surface charge densities in liquid to form LDHs liquid;
c. respectively coating LDHs liquids with different surface charge densities on a substrate provided with tabs;
d. drying to enable the LDHs liquid to form a film uniformly, and forming a water evaporation power generation device with different surface charge densities;
e. testing the electrical properties of the water evaporation power generation device with different surface charge densities;
the preparation of the LDHs solid powder with different surface charge densities in the step a is carried out according to the following steps in sequence:
a1. preparing an aqueous solution containing 10-3500mmol/L of divalent metal salt and 1-3500mmol/L of trivalent metal salt;
a2. mixing divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt into an aqueous solution according to the molar ratio of divalent metal salt ions to trivalent metal salt ions of 3-9, and then respectively reacting with alkaline substances at room temperature-300 ℃ for 10-72 hours to respectively generate precipitates;
a3. and respectively washing and drying the precipitate to obtain LDHs solid powder with different surface charge densities.
2. The LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device performance regulation and control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal ion of the divalent metal salt is Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Zn2+Or Ca2+One or more of; the metal ion of the trivalent metal salt is Al3+、Cr3+、Mn3+、Fe3+Or Co3+One or more of (a).
3. The method for regulating and controlling the performance of a water evaporation power generating device based on LDHs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkaline substance is one or more of NaOH, KOH, urea or hexamethylenetetramine.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the performance of an LDHs-based water-evaporation power generating device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LDHs liquids with different surface charge densities are respectively applied to the substrates with the tabs by spraying or spin coating in step c.
5. The method of claim 4 for regulating the performance of an LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device, wherein the LDHs liquid is sprayed onto the substrate between the two electrodes by a spray gun.
6. The LDHs-based water evaporation power generation device performance regulation and control method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spray gun aperture, spray gun pressure, spray gun angle and spray time of the spray gun can be adjusted.
7. The method for regulating and controlling the performance of a water evaporation power generating device based on LDHs as claimed in claim 4, wherein the substrate is a hard substrate or a flexible substrate.
8. The method for regulating and controlling the performance of a water evaporation power generating device based on LDHs as claimed in claim 4, wherein the substrate is a quartz glass plate.
9. The method for regulating and controlling the performance of a water evaporation power generating device based on LDHs as claimed in claim 7, wherein the flexible substrate is a plastic sheet, a film or a fabric.
10. Use of the method for regulating the performance of a LDHs-based water-evaporation power generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, in a self-propelled wearable device.
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