CN110832693B - Secondary battery, secondary battery pack, and device - Google Patents

Secondary battery, secondary battery pack, and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110832693B
CN110832693B CN201880044431.4A CN201880044431A CN110832693B CN 110832693 B CN110832693 B CN 110832693B CN 201880044431 A CN201880044431 A CN 201880044431A CN 110832693 B CN110832693 B CN 110832693B
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Prior art keywords
secondary battery
hollow portion
conductive resin
battery pack
heat conductive
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CN201880044431.4A
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CN110832693A (en
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金炯权
金尚旭
许贺宁
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Lg Energy Solution
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6553—Terminals or leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/521—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material
    • H01M50/524—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/561—Hollow metallic terminals, e.g. terminal bushings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a secondary battery and a secondary battery pack including the same, the secondary battery including: an electrode assembly ("jelly roll") having a structure in which a cathode, an anode, and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode are wound together; a can body having a hollow part formed therein and having an opening side, the electrode assembly being embedded in the can body while surrounding the hollow part; and a top cap mounted on the open upper end of the can body to seal the can body, wherein one of the bottom of the can body and the top cap has a through hole formed therethrough and communicating with a hollow portion of the can body, and the hollow portion is filled with a heat conductive resin occupying 50% or more of a total volume thereof.

Description

Secondary battery, secondary battery pack, and device
Technical Field
Cross Reference to Related Applications
This application claims priority and benefit to korean patent application No.10-2017-0164546, filed on 1/12/2017 with the korean intellectual property office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a secondary battery having a hollow filled with a heat conductive resin, the secondary battery having improved heat dissipation performance.
Background
As technologies have been developed and mobile devices have been demanded, the demand for secondary batteries as an energy source has rapidly increased, and among these secondary batteries, a great deal of research has been conducted on secondary lithium batteries having high energy density and discharge voltage, and secondary lithium batteries have also become commercially available and widely used.
The secondary batteries are classified according to battery cases, and may be classified, for example, into cylindrical batteries and prismatic batteries in which an electrode assembly is embedded in a cylindrical or prismatic metal can, and pouch-type batteries in which an electrode assembly is embedded in a pouch-type case of an aluminum laminate sheet. Among these secondary batteries, cylindrical batteries and prismatic batteries are applied to and used in various devices according to shape characteristics thereof.
In general, an electrode assembly embedded in a cylindrical battery or a prismatic battery is a chargeable/dischargeable power generation device having a structure in which a positive electrode, a separation film, and a negative electrode are stacked and formed in a jelly roll shape, wherein the separation film is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode each having an elongated sheet shape to which an electrode active material is applied, and then, is wound based on a winding core.
The jelly-roll shaped electrode assembly has advantages of easy manufacture and high energy density per unit weight.
The secondary battery dissipates heat generated during charge and discharge to the outside through the case, and the heat dissipation characteristics of the secondary battery are very important to determine the performance of the secondary battery.
In particular, in a cylindrical battery, for example, when the radius and height of the cylindrical battery are doubled, the capacity thereof is increased 8 times in proportion to the volume thereof. However, the heat dissipation area is only 4 times. Therefore, when the capacity of the battery is increased by 8 times, the surface area per unit capacity is reduced to half. In addition, the heat dissipation characteristics of the secondary battery are poor at the central portion thereof, and the temperature is highest. In a large-sized battery, since the length from the center thereof to the surface thereof becomes long, a temperature gradient occurs in which the temperature increases from the surface from which heat is easily dissipated toward the inside, and therefore, the temperature of the central portion where cooling is important increases. When the temperature of the battery becomes excessively high due to the above-described reasons, the battery performance deteriorates.
In addition, when a cylindrical or prismatic battery is manufactured as a middle-or large-sized battery, it is difficult for heat in the central portion of the battery to be discharged to the outside, and therefore, when repeated charge and discharge is performed, the amount of heat generated in the central portion increases, which may shorten the life span of the secondary battery, and may cause ignition or explosion of the secondary battery.
In order to solve such a problem, a hollow portion is generally formed in a central portion of the cylindrical or prismatic battery to pass air therethrough, thereby improving cooling performance of the central portion which is difficult to cool.
However, the secondary battery having such a hollow portion also has a limitation in heat dissipation by air cooling, and when the size of the secondary battery is increased according to recent demand for capacity increase, or when the secondary battery is applied to a battery pack for a device such as an electric power tool, sufficient heat dissipation characteristics to a desired degree cannot be provided due to repeated use thereof.
Therefore, there is a need for a secondary battery capable of solving the above-mentioned problems with greatly improved cooling efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem ] to
The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art and the technical problems in the past.
Through repeated intensive studies and various experiments, the inventors of the present application confirmed that a desired effect is exerted when the secondary battery includes a hollow portion (as described later) formed therein, 50% or more of the total volume of which is filled with a heat conductive resin, thereby completing the present invention.
[ solution ]
An embodiment of the present invention provides a secondary battery including: an electrode assembly ("jelly roll") having a structure in which a cathode, an anode, and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode are wound together;
a can body in which a hollow portion having an opening side is formed and an electrode assembly is accommodated in the can body in a shape surrounding the hollow portion; and
a top cap mounted on the open upper end of the can body to seal the can body,
wherein one of the bottom and the top cap of the can body may be formed with a through-hole communicating with the hollow part of the can body, and
at least 50% of the total volume of the hollow portion is filled with the thermally conductive resin.
Here, the hollow part may have a structure extending from the bottom or top cap of the can body in a direction in which the electrode assembly is embedded, and one side thereof is closed, so that the hollow part may be filled with a heat conductive resin.
In this case, specifically, 50% or more of the total volume of the hollow portion may be filled with the heat conductive resin, and more specifically, 90% or more of the total volume of the hollow portion filled with the heat conductive resin may be filled with the heat conductive resin.
Therefore, the secondary battery according to the present invention can dissipate heat via conduction having the optimal heat dissipation characteristics by filling the heat conductive resin into the hollow portion formed at the center of the battery, thereby further improving the cooling efficiency of the central portion thereof.
Typically, the order of heat dissipation characteristics is conduction > water cooling > air cooling.
The heat conductive resin capable of maximizing the effect according to the present invention is not limited as long as the heat conductive resin is a material having heat conductivity and is solid at room temperature, and for example, the heat conductive resin may be a polymer made of urethane (urethane) or silicon as a base material and alumina or boron nitride as an auxiliary material.
The thermally conductive resin may have a thermal conductivity of 1.1W/mK to 3.0W/mK at room temperature.
When the thermal conductivity is lower than the above range, the cooling effect intended by the present invention cannot be achieved, and a resin having a thermal conductivity outside the above range is not preferable because it is difficult to commercialize.
Meanwhile, in order to further improve the cooling effect by conduction of the heat conductive resin, the secondary battery may further include a metal rod inserted into the hollow portion such that one end of the metal rod is in contact with the heat conductive resin and the other end of the metal rod is exposed to the outside of the hollow portion.
This is because the heat conductive resin may not be filled so that the heat conductive resin is exposed to the outside of the hollow part of the secondary battery, and an external air cooling effect may not be obtained, and therefore, by adding the metal rod in contact with the heat conductive resin, heat is conducted and released from the secondary battery to the heat conductive resin and then from the heat conductive resin to the metal rod, and the metal rod is exposed to the outside, so that an air cooling effect may be obtained, thereby further maximizing the cooling effect.
In this case, the contact portion between the heat conductive resin and the metal rod may be 50% or less based on the entire surface area of the metal rod.
That is, according to the present invention, the heat conductive resin may be preferably filled in the hollow portion, the metal rod may be inserted into the hollow portion, and the other end of the metal rod may contact the external air. Otherwise, when the metal rod is completely inserted into the heat conductive resin beyond the above range, an air cooling effect due to external exposure may not be obtained, which is not preferable.
The metal rod may have an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the hollow portion such that the metal rod may be inserted into the hollow portion to contact the heat conductive resin filled in the hollow portion.
The metal rod is not limited as long as the metal rod is a material having good thermal conductivity, and may include a highly conductive material such as copper or aluminum.
The size of the hollow part may correspond to the inner diameter of the wound electrode assembly.
The term "correspond" means the same or substantially the same degree, and means that the diameter of the wound electrode assembly may be less than or equal to the inner diameter of the wound electrode assembly according to the structure thereof so that it may be inserted into the can body provided with the hollow portion, but there may be a deviation within a range that minimizes the capacity reduction.
In the secondary battery of the present invention, an upper insulator and a lower insulator may be disposed on upper and lower surfaces of the electrode assembly, and one of the upper insulator and the lower insulator may be formed with a through-hole corresponding to a size of the hollow part to correspond to the through-hole formed in one of the bottom and the top cap of the can body.
That is, the secondary battery according to the present invention having such a structure may be a prismatic battery or a cylindrical battery.
Therefore, the structure of the secondary battery of the present invention is the same as that of a general cylindrical battery or a prismatic battery, except for the hollow part and the heat conductive resin filled in the hollow part.
Specifically, in the case of a cylindrical battery, the top cap may include: a top cap coupled to an open end of the can body and disposed uppermost in a protruding shape to form a positive electrode terminal; and a PTC element disposed at a lower portion of the top cap, contacting an electrode lead extending from the electrode assembly, and having a resistance value varying according to temperature.
The present invention also provides a secondary battery pack including two or more secondary batteries therein, the secondary battery pack having a structure for more effectively achieving the heat dissipation effect intended by the present invention.
Specifically, the secondary battery pack includes two or more secondary batteries, wherein the secondary batteries include:
an electrode assembly ("jelly roll") having a structure in which a cathode, an anode, and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode are wound together;
a can body in which a hollow portion having a closed side is formed inside, and an electrode assembly is accommodated in the can body in a shape surrounding the hollow portion; and
a top cap mounted on the open upper end of the can body to seal the can body;
wherein one of the bottom and the top cap of the can body may be formed with a through hole communicating with the hollow portion of the can body;
at least 50% of the total volume of the hollow part may be filled with a heat conductive resin; and is
The heat conductive resin may be in contact with a battery pack terminal that electrically connects two or more secondary batteries.
In this case, for the contact between the heat conductive resin and the battery pack terminal, the battery pack terminal may include a protrusion partially inserted into the hollow part at a portion corresponding to the hollow part of the secondary battery, and the protrusion may be in contact with the heat conductive resin in the hollow part.
In other words, when the battery pack terminal includes the protrusion, the contact area with the heat conductive resin may be widened, and the battery pack terminal may be inserted and fixed in the hollow part, and therefore, the battery pack terminal may preferably have a sufficient contact area without a separate member that contacts the heat conductive resin and the battery pack terminal.
When the battery pack terminal and the heat conductive resin are in contact with each other by such a structure while two or more secondary batteries are electrically connected through the battery pack terminal, heat is conducted from the secondary batteries to the heat conductive resin and then from the heat conductive resin to the battery pack terminal, and the battery pack terminal may contact external air, or an additional cooling system may be added, and therefore, a further improved heat dissipation effect may be achieved, and two functions may be performed by one member, which is more effective. In this case, the cooling system may be an air-cooling or water-cooling system, but in order to achieve a better heat radiation effect, water cooling that can perform cooling better than air cooling is more preferable.
As another structure, when the secondary battery further includes a metal rod in contact with the thermally conductive resin, the secondary battery pack includes two or more secondary batteries,
wherein the secondary battery may include: an electrode assembly ("jelly roll") having a structure in which a cathode, an anode, and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode are wound together;
a can body in which a hollow portion having a closed side is formed and an electrode assembly is accommodated in a shape surrounding the hollow portion; and
a top cover mounted on the open upper end of the can body to seal the can body;
wherein one of the bottom and the top cap of the can body may be formed with a through-hole communicating with the hollow part of the can body;
at least 50% of the total volume of the hollow part may be filled with a heat conductive resin, and
the metal rod may be inserted into the hollow part such that one end of the metal rod is in contact with the heat conductive resin while the other end of the metal rod is exposed to the outside of the hollow part, and the other end of the metal rod is in contact with a battery pack terminal electrically connecting two or more secondary batteries.
That is, as described above, when the metal bar having one end in contact with the heat conductive resin is inserted into the hollow portion, the metal bar is exposed to the outside, thereby coupling the battery pack terminal and the metal bar, and thus the same cooling effect as that when the protrusion is formed in the terminal can be obtained.
The metal bars and the battery pack terminals may be coupled by welding or mechanical fastening. Here, the mechanical fastening may be achieved by forming a fastening groove (e.g., male-female coupling) in the battery pack terminal corresponding to the size of the metal bar.
Meanwhile, a battery pack terminal is connected to a (+) terminal or a (-) terminal of the secondary battery to electrically connect two or more secondary batteries.
The battery terminal is not limited thereto, and the type thereof is determined according to the properties thereof, for example, in the case of a (+) battery terminal, it may be specifically made of nickel, and in the case of a (-) battery terminal, it is made of any one of copper, nickel, a clad layer of nickel and copper, and an alloy of copper and other metals, and the metal rod may be a highly conductive material, such as copper or aluminum.
In this case, in general, since the cylindrical battery or the prismatic battery is provided with a (+) terminal at an upper portion thereof and a (-) terminal at a lower portion thereof, the battery pack terminal connected to the (-) terminal may have a fastening groove fastened to the protrusion or the metal bar when a through-hole communicating with the hollow portion of the secondary battery is formed in the bottom of the can body, and the battery pack terminal connected to the (-) terminal may have a fastening groove fastened to the protrusion or the metal bar when a through-hole communicating with the hollow portion of the secondary battery is formed in the top cap.
The secondary battery pack is not limited and may be applied to various devices that may currently use a secondary lithium battery, and more particularly, the secondary battery pack may be used for an electric power tool that rapidly deteriorates due to repeated use and large temperature rise during discharge, or for an electric vehicle that uses a water cooling or air cooling system for the secondary battery.
For example, the secondary battery according to the present invention may be manufactured as follows: the electrode assembly is accommodated in a can body provided with a hollow portion, a top cap is coupled to the can body, the hollow portion is filled with a heat conductive resin paste to a desired hollow height, and then the resin paste is dried and cured, or a metal rod is inserted into the resin paste before the resin paste is cured so that one end of the metal rod can be in contact with the resin paste, and then the resin paste is cured.
Further, when the secondary battery has a structure in which, for example, a metal rod is not inserted, the secondary battery pack may be manufactured as follows: the battery pack terminal having the protrusion is prepared, and then the hollow part of the secondary battery is disposed to fit the protrusion of the battery pack terminal. Alternatively, when the secondary battery has a structure in which a metal rod is inserted, the secondary battery pack may be manufactured as follows: the battery pack terminal having the fastening groove to which the metal bar is coupled is prepared, the metal bar is inserted into the fastening groove of the battery pack terminal, and the secondary battery is vertically placed.
[ advantageous effects ]
As described above, the secondary battery according to the present invention can obtain a heat dissipation effect by performing heat conduction by filling the hollow portion with the heat conductive resin accounting for 50% or more of the total volume of the hollow portion formed in the can body, thereby providing excellent cooling efficiency.
In addition, in the secondary battery pack according to the present invention, it is possible to maximize the heat dissipation effect due to heat conduction and electrically connect the secondary batteries through the pack terminals in contact with the heat conductive resin of the secondary batteries, thereby further improving the cooling efficiency and the assembly convenience.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a prismatic secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a secondary battery pack including the cylindrical secondary battery of fig. 1;
fig. 5 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a secondary battery pack including the cylindrical secondary battery of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and are provided for easy understanding of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In describing the embodiments of the present invention, if it is considered that the related known configurations or functions unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Embodiments of the present invention are provided to more fully explain the present invention to those skilled in the art, and therefore, the shapes and sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated, omitted, or schematically shown for clarity. Therefore, the size or proportion of each component does not fully reflect its actual size or proportion.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery according to an embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1, a secondary battery 100 according to the present invention includes an electrode assembly 110, a can body 120 containing an electrolyte, and a top cap 130 mounted on an open upper end of the can body 120 to seal the can body 120.
In the electrode assembly 110, the cathode 111 and the anode 112 are provided with the separator 113 therebetween and are accommodated in the can body 120, and in this case, the electrode assembly 110 is spirally wound and provided in a jelly-roll shape to surround a hollow portion 121 described later.
Here, the electrodes of the electrode assembly 110 are formed to have a structure in which a current collector is coated with an electrode composite, and the electrode composite may include an active material, a binder, a conductive material, a plasticizer, and the like.
Further, in the direction in which the electrodes are wound, there are uncoated regions where no electrode composite is formed at the starting and ending ends of the current collector, and electrode leads corresponding to the respective electrodes are attached to the uncoated regions. Generally, in a cylindrical secondary battery, a positive electrode lead 114 is attached to the upper end of the electrode assembly 110 and is electrically connected to the top cap 130, and a negative electrode lead (not shown) is attached to the lower end of the electrode assembly 110 to be coupled to the bottom surface of the can body 120.
The upper insulator 123 is disposed on the upper surface of the electrode assembly 110, and the lower insulator is disposed on the lower surface of the electrode assembly 110. When a hollow portion described later communicates with the bottom of the can body 120, a through hole corresponding to the size of the hollow portion is formed in the lower insulator, and when the hollow portion communicates with the top cap 130, a through hole corresponding to the size of the hollow portion is formed in the upper insulator 123.
Therefore, in fig. 1, since a hollow portion described later communicates with the bottom portion of the tank main body 120, a through hole is formed in the lower insulator.
The can body 120 may be made of a light conductive metal material such as aluminum, stainless steel, or an alloy thereof, and a crimping portion 122 for fixing the electrode assembly 110 is formed at the upper end thereof. However, the formation of the crimping portion 122 is not essential.
The can body 120 has a hollow portion 121 formed therein. Here, the hollow portion 121 is an empty space.
The hollow part 121 is formed at the center of the can body 120 and has an extended structure penetrating the bottom, in other words, the hollow part 121 of fig. 1 communicates with the bottom of the can body 120 and is sealed by the upper insulator 123 and the top cap 130. However, this is merely an example, and the hollow part may communicate with the top cap, and thus in this case, the hollow part may be sealed by the lower insulating plate and the bottom surface of the can body.
Thus, the hollow part 121, one side of which is sealed, is filled with the heat conductive resin 140 of 50% or more of the total volume thereof.
Since the secondary battery 100 having such a structure can absorb heat generated from the secondary battery 100 even in the hollow portion by the heat conductive resin 140 filled in the hollow portion and then can discharge the heat to the outside by conduction at the highest heat dissipation efficiency, the cooling efficiency at the center of the secondary battery can be further improved, as compared with the conventional structure.
As described in detail later, since the heat conductive resin filled in the hollow part is in contact with the metal rod made of a metal material or the metal of the battery pack terminal electrically connecting the secondary batteries so as to more easily discharge heat to the outside, the cooling effect can be improved.
The top cover 130 includes: a top cap 131 provided at the highest position of the top cap 130 in a form protruding upward and forming a positive electrode terminal; a safety vent 132 whose shape is deformed by the internal pressure of the secondary battery 100; a current block 133 which is in contact with the safety vent 132 in a normal state and is electrically disconnected from the safety vent 132 when the internal pressure increases due to the generation of gas; and a gasket 134 surrounding the safety vent 132 and an edge portion of the top cap 131. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may include elements of a conventional cylindrical secondary battery.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery according to another embodiment.
The cylindrical secondary battery according to the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of fig. 1, except for the internal structure of the hollow part 121 'of the can body 120'. Therefore, since the same reference numerals as those in fig. 1 are used for the same elements, the description thereof will be omitted, and only the difference in the internal structure of the hollow portion will be described later.
As compared with fig. 1, the secondary battery 100 'of fig. 2 has a structure in which a hollow portion 121' formed in a can body 120 'is filled with a heat conductive resin 140' as shown in fig. 1. In this case, the heat conductive resin 140 'is filled at about 80% of the total volume of the hollow portion 121', and the metal rod 150 'having one end in contact with the heat conductive resin 140' and the other end exposed to the outside of the hollow portion 121 'is inserted into an end portion of the heat conductive resin 140' filled in the hollow portion 121 'communicating with the bottom of the can main body 120'.
Here, the metal bar 150 'is not limited as long as it is in contact with the heat conductive resin 140', and in order to improve heat conductive efficiency, the metal bar 150 'may be inserted into the heat conductive resin 140' to increase a contact area. In this case, the contact area may be 50% or less based on the entire surface area of the metal rod 150'.
Here, the metal bar 150' is not limited as long as it is a metal material having excellent thermal conductivity, and may be a high-conductive material such as copper or aluminum.
Compared to the conventional structure, since the secondary battery 100' having such a structure can absorb heat generated from the secondary battery 100' even in the hollow portion by the heat conductive resin 140' filled in the hollow portion and the metal bar 150' in contact with the heat conductive resin 140' and then can discharge the heat to the outside with the highest heat dissipation efficiency by conduction, the cooling efficiency at the center thereof can be further improved.
As another embodiment, fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a prismatic secondary battery.
Referring to fig. 3, the secondary battery 200 includes: a can body 220 in which an electrode assembly 210 is accommodated together with an electrolyte, the electrode assembly 210 including a positive electrode 211, a negative electrode 212, and a separator 213 interposed between the positive electrode 211 and the negative electrode 212; and a top cap 230 mounted on the open upper end of the can main body 220 to seal the can main body 220.
In this case, the electrode assembly 210 is smoothly wound and disposed in a jelly-roll shape to surround a hollow 221, which will be described later.
Although the structure and the manufacturing method of the electrode are similar to those described in fig. 1, in the prismatic secondary battery 200 of fig. 3, the positive and negative leads attached to the uncoated region of the electrode are attached to the upper end of the electrode assembly 210 such that the positive and negative leads protrude from the upper portions of both ends of the electrode assembly 210 and are electrically connected with the positive and negative terminals 232 and 233 protruding to the outside of the top cap 230.
The material of the tank or the like is the same as that described in fig. 1.
In fig. 3, the hollow part 221 formed inside the can main body 220 is closed and sealed at the bottom of the can main body 220, and has an extended structure penetrating the top cap 230. Therefore, the top cap 230 is formed with a through hole 231 communicating with the hollow part 221 of the can body 220.
The hollow part 221 is filled with a heat conductive resin 240 of 50% or more of the total volume thereof. In this case, the heat conductive resin 240 may be further filled to the through-hole of the top cap 230 by its thickness.
Therefore, the prismatic secondary battery 200 according to the present invention absorbs heat generated from the secondary battery 200 even in the hollow part and then can discharge the heat to the outside with the highest heat dissipation efficiency through conduction, as compared to the conventional structure, so that the cooling efficiency at the center thereof can be further improved.
Further, although not additionally shown, in the case of forming a secondary battery pack including a plurality of prismatic secondary batteries, as in the case of cylindrical secondary batteries to be described below, the heat dissipation effect can be further improved by contact with the pack terminals thereof. In this case, it is well known to those skilled in the art that the battery pack terminals are formed such that the positive and negative terminals are in parallel contact with each other on the upper surface of the prismatic secondary battery, respectively.
Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a secondary battery pack 300 including the cylindrical secondary battery 100 of fig. 1 to illustrate an example of a structure for improving a heat dissipation effect when the secondary battery pack is configured by using the secondary battery.
Referring to fig. 4 and 1 together, a secondary battery pack 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the secondary battery 100 according to the present invention; a positive battery pack terminal 310 electrically connected with the secondary battery 100 in the top cap 130 electrically connected to a positive lead of the secondary battery; and a negative electrode battery pack terminal 320 electrically connected with the secondary battery 100 in the bottom surface of the can body 120 electrically connected to a negative electrode lead of the secondary battery.
The constituent elements of the secondary battery pack may be further varied, but other constituent elements than the above-described constituent elements are omitted in the drawings in order to more clearly illustrate the essence of the present invention.
The secondary batteries 100 may be arranged in an upright manner at predetermined intervals, and unlike the drawings, the secondary batteries 100 may be arranged in a greater number or in various forms as needed.
The secondary batteries 100 arranged in this manner are electrically connected through the battery pack terminals 310 and 320.
In this case, in the secondary battery 100, as described above, the hollow part 121 is formed inside the can main body 120, and since the hollow part 121 has a structure communicating with the bottom of the can main body 120, the heat conductive resin 140 is in contact with the negative battery pack terminal 320 electrically connected to the secondary battery 100 on the bottom surface of the can main body 120.
The negative electrode battery pack terminal 320 may have a flat plate shape having the same plane as a general battery pack terminal, but the negative electrode battery pack terminal 320 includes a protrusion 321, which protrusion 321 is partially inserted into the hollow part 121 at a portion corresponding to the hollow part 121 of the secondary battery 100, so that the protrusion 321 may be inserted into the hollow part 121 of the can body 120 to tightly fix the secondary battery 100 while widening a contact area with the heat conductive resin 140 inside the hollow part 121, and an end of the protrusion 321 is in contact with the heat conductive resin 140 in the hollow part 121.
Here, the positive battery terminal 310 and the negative battery terminal 320 may be both metal members, and in particular, the positive battery terminal 310 may be made of nickel, and the negative battery terminal 320 may be made of copper, nickel, a clad layer of nickel and copper, and an alloy of copper and other metals.
The protrusion 321 formed in the negative battery pack terminal 310 may be made of the same material as the negative battery pack terminal 310, or may be made of a highly conductive material such as copper or aluminum.
Accordingly, the metal having good thermal conductivity and the thermal conductive resin 140 are in contact with each other, thereby providing a further improved heat dissipation effect.
As another example, fig. 5 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a secondary battery pack 400 including the cylindrical secondary battery 100' of fig. 2.
Referring to fig. 5 and 2 together, as shown in fig. 4, a secondary battery pack 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a secondary battery 100' according to the present invention; a positive battery pack terminal 410 electrically connected with the secondary battery 100 'in the top cap 130' electrically connected to the positive lead of the secondary battery; and a negative electrode battery pack terminal 420 electrically connected with the secondary battery 100 in the bottom surface of the can body 120' electrically connected to the negative electrode lead of the secondary battery.
Further, the secondary battery 100' is electrically connected in its upright state by the battery pack terminals 410 and 420.
In this case, as described above, in the secondary battery 100', the hollow portion 121' communicating with the bottom of the can 120' and filled with the heat conductive resin 140' is formed inside the can main body 120', and the metal rod 150' including one end in contact with the heat conductive resin 140' and the other end exposed to the outside of the hollow portion 121' and inserted into the end of the heat conductive resin 140' is included in the secondary battery 100', so the metal rod 150' is in contact with the negative battery pack terminal 420 connecting the secondary battery 100' on the bottom surface of the can main body 120 '.
In this case, the negative battery pack terminal 420 having a flat plate shape may include a fastening groove 421, the secondary battery 100 'including the metal bar 150' may be more firmly fixed in the fastening groove 421, and the metal bar 150 'is inserted to further widen the contact area, so that the metal bar 150' and the negative battery pack terminal 420 are mechanically fastened.
Here, the materials of the positive battery terminal 310 and the negative battery terminal 320 are the same as those described above.
Accordingly, the heat conductive resin 140' of the secondary battery 100' contacts the negative battery pack terminal 420, which is made of a metal having good heat conductivity and has a large area, through the metal bar 150', thereby providing a further improved heat dissipation effect.
In the secondary battery pack having the above-described structure, two or more secondary batteries are electrically connected through the pack terminals, and heat is conducted from the secondary batteries to the heat conductive resin and then from the heat conductive resin to the negative battery pack terminal, thereby adding an additional cooling system, which allows the negative battery pack terminal to contact external air or cools the heat conducted to the negative battery pack terminal, to the secondary battery pack, thereby providing a further improved heat dissipation effect.
Hereinafter, the present invention is described with reference to embodiments, but this is provided for easy understanding of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
< exemplary embodiment 1>
LiCoO2 was used as a cathode active material, and a cathode mixture slurry was prepared by adding 96wt% of LiCoO2, 2.0wt% of acetylene carbon black (conductive material), and 2.0wt% of PVdF (binder) to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, which was then dried and pressed on an aluminum foil to prepare a cathode.
Artificial graphite was used as a negative active material, and a negative mixture slurry was prepared by adding 96wt% of artificial graphite, 1wt% of acetylene carbon black (conductive material), and 3wt% of PVdF (binder) to NMP as a solvent, which was then dried and pressed on an aluminum foil to prepare a negative electrode.
An electrode assembly was manufactured by inserting a polyethylene porous membrane having a thickness of 16 μ M between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the electrode assembly was received in a cylindrical (18 mm to 21mm in diameter) case in which a hollow portion having a diameter of 3mm to 10mm was formed, and then 1M LiPF was injected thereto 6 A carbonate-based solution electrolyte.
A polymer in which polyurethane and alumina were polymerized as a heat conductive resin was injected into the hollow body in a molten state up to 90% of the volume of the hollow body, and a metal rod made of aluminum was inserted to contact one end of the heat conductive resin (having a contact portion occupying 30% of the surface area of the metal rod), and then the heat conductive resin was dried and hardened to manufacture a secondary battery having the structure shown in fig. 2.
< comparative example 1>
A secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in exemplary embodiment 1, except that the hollow portion of the cylindrical case was not filled with a heat conductive resin and remained empty.
< comparative example 2>
A secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in exemplary embodiment 1, except that a cylindrical case in which a hollow portion was not formed was used.
< Experimental example 1>
When the secondary batteries manufactured in exemplary embodiment 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were cooled by forced convection, natural convection, and water, their surface temperatures, their core temperatures, temperature differences therebetween, the time required to reach the reference temperature, the time required to discharge again after the first discharge, and the time required to charge after the first discharge were determined, as shown in tables 1 to 3.
In tables 1 to 3, T1 represents the surface highest temperature, T2 represents the core highest temperature, and Δ T represents the difference between the highest temperature of the surface portion and the highest temperature of the inner portion.
Further, in tables 1 to 3, the time required to reach the reference temperature (75 ℃) as the operation time was measured by setting the discharge of the secondary battery to stop when the temperature thereof exceeded 75 ℃ during the discharge and measuring the time taken until the discharge stopped; the waiting time required for re-discharging after the first discharge is a measured time for re-discharging the secondary battery by setting discharge to be possible re-discharging when the temperature of the secondary battery falls to 50 ℃ after the temperature for the secondary battery reaches 75 ℃ and the discharge is completed; and the waiting time required for the post-discharge charging is a measured time for setting the charging to start below a predetermined temperature when the discharge ends at 75 ℃, and then the charging actually starts.
The natural convection conditions in Table 1 were measured at 0m/s, the forced convection conditions in Table 2 were measured at 3m/s, and the water cooling conditions in Table 3 were measured at 23 ℃ for water.
[ Table 1]
Figure GDA0002349638720000131
[ Table 2]
Figure GDA0002349638720000132
[ Table 3]
Figure GDA0002349638720000141
Referring to tables 1 to 3, it can be seen that the secondary battery according to the present invention has a relatively lower temperature in the secondary battery cell than the secondary battery manufactured in the comparative example.
It can be seen that the difference between the core temperature and the surface temperature of comparative example 1 is relatively low in the case of water cooling, which is not significantly different from that of exemplary embodiment 1, whereas the surface temperature of exemplary embodiment 1 does not reach 75 ℃.
Referring to the operation time, it can be seen that the operation time of the secondary battery according to exemplary embodiment 1 of the present invention is longer than that of comparative example 1 in which the hollow portion is empty. This is because the operation time increases as the amount of heat generated decreases, and it is preferable that the operation time is longer. On the other hand, the operation time of the secondary battery according to exemplary embodiment 1 of the present invention is shorter than that of comparative example 2 in which the hollow portion is not formed, because in the battery including the hollow portion, the capacity is reduced due to the size of the hollow portion, so that the current density per unit area based on the same output is increased, and thus the amount of heat generated is increased. Therefore, the operating time is significant compared to comparative example 1.
The re-discharge waiting time and the charge waiting time represent the degree of execution of the cold cooling, and it can be seen that the re-discharge waiting time and the charge waiting time of the secondary battery according to the present invention are both shorter than the comparative example.
This means that heat dissipation is good and the heat dissipation rate is high, and therefore, according to the present invention, it can be confirmed that an excellent cooling effect is obtained.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (11)

1. A secondary battery, comprising:
a jelly-roll shaped electrode assembly having a structure in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound together;
a can body in which a hollow portion having an empty space and an opening side is formed, and the electrode assembly is accommodated in the can body in a shape surrounding the hollow portion;
a top cap mounted on the open upper end of the can body to seal the can body; and
a metal rod inserted into the hollow portion such that one end of the metal rod is in contact with the heat conductive resin and the other end of the metal rod is exposed to the outside of the hollow portion,
wherein one of the bottom of the tank main body and the top cap is formed with a through-hole communicating with the opening side of the hollow portion of the tank main body,
at least 50% of the total volume of the empty space of the hollow portion is filled with the heat conductive resin, and
wherein an outer diameter of the metal rod is smaller than an inner diameter of the hollow portion.
2. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein an upper insulator and a lower insulator are provided on upper and lower surfaces of the electrode assembly, and one of the upper insulator and the lower insulator is formed with a through hole corresponding to a size of the hollow portion.
3. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery comprises a polymer made of urethane or silicon as a base material and aluminum oxide or boron nitride as an auxiliary material.
4. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a contact portion between the thermally conductive resin and the metal rod is 50% or less based on a total surface area of the metal rod.
5. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the hollow portion has a size corresponding to an inner diameter of the electrode assembly having a winding structure.
6. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery is a cylindrical battery or a prismatic battery.
7. A secondary battery pack including two or more secondary batteries, wherein,
the secondary battery includes:
a jelly-roll shaped electrode assembly having a structure in which a cathode, an anode, and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode are wound together;
a can body in which a hollow portion having a closed side is formed and in which the electrode assembly is accommodated in a shape surrounding the hollow portion; and
a top cap mounted on the open upper end of the can body to seal the can body,
wherein one of the top cap and the bottom of the can body is formed with a through-hole communicating with the hollow part of the can body,
at least 50% of the total volume of the hollow portion is filled with a heat conductive resin, and
the heat conductive resin is in contact with a battery pack terminal electrically connecting two or more of the secondary batteries.
8. The secondary battery pack according to claim 7, wherein the pack terminal includes a protrusion partially inserted into the hollow part at a portion corresponding to the hollow part of the secondary battery, and the protrusion is in contact with the heat conductive resin in the hollow part.
9. A secondary battery pack comprising two or more secondary batteries, wherein the secondary batteries comprise:
a jelly-roll shaped electrode assembly having a structure in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound together;
a can body in which a hollow portion having a closed side is formed and in which the electrode assembly is accommodated in a shape surrounding the hollow portion;
a top cap mounted on the open upper end of the can body to seal the can body; and
a metal rod inserted into the hollow portion such that one end of the metal rod is in contact with the heat conductive resin and the other end of the metal rod is exposed to the outside of the hollow portion,
wherein one of the top cap and the bottom of the can body is formed with a through-hole communicating with the hollow part of the can body,
at least 50% of the total volume of the hollow part is filled with the heat conductive resin, and
the other end of the metal rod is in contact with a battery pack terminal that electrically connects two or more of the secondary batteries.
10. The secondary battery pack according to claim 9, wherein the metal rod and the battery pack terminal are combined by welding or mechanical fastening.
11. An apparatus comprising the secondary battery pack according to claim 7 or 9 as a power source.
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