CN110829408B - Multi-domain scheduling method considering energy storage power system based on power generation cost constraint - Google Patents
Multi-domain scheduling method considering energy storage power system based on power generation cost constraint Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
- G06Q10/06312—Adjustment or analysis of established resource schedule, e.g. resource or task levelling, or dynamic rescheduling
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
- G06Q10/06315—Needs-based resource requirements planning or analysis
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- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
Abstract
A multi-domain scheduling method based on power generation cost constraint and considering an energy storage power system belongs to the technical field of scheduling of power systems. The invention utilizes the dispatching characteristic of the energy storage system, which can transfer the load, and plays an important role in flexible dispatching in the actual dispatching of the power system. The multi-domain scheduling method is proposed from the perspective of flexible scheduling of source storage, the influences of factors such as load, wind power output random fluctuation, system adjustment capacity and the like are comprehensively considered, all adjustment capacities in the system are uniformly scheduled and redistributed into three control domains, namely a normal domain which aims at completely absorbing wind power, an abnormal domain which needs to be called for an energy storage system to absorb wind power, and an emergency domain which has no adjustment capacity and is forced to discard wind. Under different domains, the reasonable collocation of the conventional thermal power generating unit and the energy storage system aims at the maximum clean energy consumption, so that multi-domain economic dispatch is realized.
Description
Technical Field
Belongs to the technical field of power system dispatching, and particularly relates to a multi-domain dispatching method based on power generation cost constraint and considering an energy storage power system.
Background
In the energy supply side in recent years, the proportion of new energy is greatly improved, the main network is affected after large-scale new energy is connected, and the stability and the safety of the system are threatened. The renewable energy source such as wind power is abundant in resources, wide in distribution, clean and environment-friendly, very rapid in development, and wind power generation has the characteristics of random and indirect uncertainty and reverse peak regulation, thereby bringing a serious challenge to a power system. In order to effectively consume wind power, a great deal of research is developed for the operation and design of a wind power energy storage combined system at home and abroad, the operation strategy of the energy storage system is optimized by using fuzzy control, an energy storage scheduling model under high wind power penetration is constructed by using a random planning framework, and a multi-element prediction algorithm is adopted to analyze wind power data technology so as to reduce the fluctuation of wind power and improve the system consumption capability. Part of researches reduce the error of the power generation output by improving the accuracy of wind power generation prediction, but the calculated amount is large, the spare capacity configured for wind power fluctuation is not easy to determine, and resources are easy to be excessive or short, so that unnecessary waste is caused; or an operation scheme capable of reducing wind power fluctuation is designed by utilizing a multi-objective algorithm, but the scheme has no economy in scheduling, and the related scheduling scene is single; a wind power plant and energy storage economic dispatching strategy considering the electric power market is provided, but the wind power output fluctuation range under the strategy is overlarge, and the flexibility and the rapidity required by dispatching are not provided, so that the reliability of an electric power system is affected; other studies have passed analysis of renewable energy sources in the system and proposed the concept of flexible margins, but the proposed method has passed qualitative analysis of the system principle and did not consider specific scheduling schemes from actual operation.
There is a need in the art for a new solution to this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: the multi-domain scheduling method based on the constraint of the power generation cost and considering the energy storage power system is provided and is used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, the spare capacity is redundant, the cost is too high and wind power cannot be fully consumed.
The multi-domain scheduling method based on the generation cost constraint and considering the energy storage power system comprises the following steps in sequence:
step one, establishing a set number of scheduling intervals and dividing a control domain
Uniformly dividing 24 hours a day into a set number of time periods, taking a typical day and calculating and obtaining a power difference value of the load and the output under each time period based on the load of the typical day, the minimum output of a theoretical wind turbine generator, the minimum output of a thermal power turbine generator, the upper limit value of an energy storage system in the system and the lower limit value of the energy storage system in the system, and calculating and obtaining a change value of the energy storage system;
setting the power difference value to be greater than or equal to zero at any period of the typical day, dividing the period into a normal domain, and adjusting the margin of the normal domain to be delta P NF ，
Setting the power difference value smaller than zero and the absolute value smaller than or equal to the absolute value of the change quantity of the energy storage system in any period of the typical day, dividing the period into an abnormal domain, wherein the scheduling range of the abnormal domain is delta P AF ，
Setting the power difference value smaller than zero and the absolute value of the power difference value larger than the absolute value of the change quantity of the energy storage system at any period of a typical day, and performing wind discarding by the power system, wherein the period is divided into an emergency domain, and the wind discarding quantity of the emergency domain is delta P EF ；
Step two, building a system model and setting model constraint conditions
1) Setting a system model constraint according to supply-demand balance and line flow constraint of each control domain:
wherein: p (P) G,t For the power of the conventional thermal power generating unit under the period t, P w,t For wind power at time period t, P l,t For the load value at time period t, P loss,t For the network loss at the time period t,for the discharge power of the energy storage unit in period t +.>Charging power of the energy storage unit at time period t, P m Active power injected into the grid for the power supply on node m, Q m Reactive power, P, injected into the grid for the power supply at node m l,m For the active load of node m, Q l,m For reactive load of node m, V m For the voltage amplitude of node m, V n For the voltage amplitude of node n, θ mn G is the phase angle difference between node m and node n mn For branch I mn Conductance at B mn For branch I mn Susceptance, I L,i For the flow of the actual current of the ith branch, < >>For the current maximum value of the ith branch, N is the total number of the generator sets, and T is the scheduling totalA time period;
2) Set the constraint condition of the unit
Wherein: p (P) Gi,t Is the active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i under the period t, P Gi,t+1 Is the active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i in the period t+1,is the minimum active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i, < ->Is the maximum active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i, u i,t For the switching state quantity of the unit i->For maximum ascending climbing capacity of unit i +.>For maximum descending climbing capacity of unit i, +.>For the actual start-up time of the unit i, +.>For the actual downtime of the unit i, Y i,1 Start-up time defined for unit i, Y i,0 The downtime specified for unit i;
3) Setting constraint conditions of energy storage system
(1) Maximum charge-discharge power constraint of the energy storage device:
(2) energy storage device charge-discharge balance constraint:
wherein: p (P) s (t) represents the output value of the energy storage system during the t-th period,representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage system, P s,min Representing the minimum charging power of the energy storage system, wherein T is the scheduling total time period;
(3) energy storage system charge/discharge power constraints:
wherein:for the discharge power of the energy storage unit in period t +.>Charging power of the energy storage unit in period t +.>Representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage system, +.>Representing the maximum charging power of the energy storage system +.>The energy storage system discharge state quantity is the energy storage system discharge state quantity under the period t; />The state quantity of charge of the energy storage system in the period t;
(4) limiting the regulation range of the charging/discharging power of the energy storage system;
wherein:for the ascending climbing capacity of the energy storage system in period t +.>The descending climbing capacity of the energy storage system in the period t;
step three, multi-domain scheduling is carried out on the power system taking energy storage into account
1) Measuring the load of the power system for 24 hours in the whole day and the output of each unit, dividing the time period and the control domain according to the first step, and obtaining the power difference value of the system load and the output of each unit;
2) And (3) performing multi-domain scheduling according to the power difference value and the model established in the step two by using software CPLEX to obtain the output and the power generation cost of each unit under each control domain:
the power difference is at delta P NF In the range, the power system executes a normal domain scheduling scheme, maintains the operation mode of a conventional unit, and simultaneously calculates and obtains the power generation cost C of all normal domain time periods according to a normal domain power generation cost formula NF ；
The power difference is at delta P AF In the range, the power system executes an abnormal domain scheduling scheme to enable the thermal power generating unit to keep minimum output, the energy storage system is utilized to balance wind power and load fluctuation, and meanwhile, the power generation cost C of all abnormal domain time periods is calculated and obtained according to an abnormal domain power generation cost formula AF ；
The power difference is at delta P EF Within the scope, an emergency domain scheduling scheme is executed to discard wind, and meanwhile, the power generation cost C of all emergency domain time periods is calculated and obtained according to an emergency domain power generation cost formula EF ；
3) Arranging all time periods according to time limit, and summing all power generation costs to obtain the total power generation cost C of the power system S And outputs the final scheduling scheme.
The normal domain power generation cost formula is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, and T is the total scheduling period; c (C) NF Is the power generation cost under the normal domain; p (P) G,i Is the output value alpha of the thermal power unit i i 、β i 、γ i All are output cost coefficients of the thermal power generating unit; p (P) ess,i Active power of the ith energy storage unit, c i The cost factor is adjusted for the energy storage system.
The abnormal domain power generation cost formula is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period, and C AF Is the generation cost under abnormal domain; p (P) Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, P essmax To store maximum power, P Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, alpha i 、β i 、γ i The output cost coefficient of the thermal power generating unit is obtained; c i The cost factor is adjusted for the energy storage system.
The emergency domain power generation cost formula is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period, and C EF Is the power generation cost under the emergency domain; p (P) Wd To discard wind power output, h i Punishment of cost coefficient for wind abandon, P Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, alpha i 、β i 、γ i All are the output cost coefficients of the thermal power generating unit.
The total power generation cost formula of the power system is as follows:
wherein: i, j, k is the number of time periods under each control domain, the value is 1,2, … n, n is a natural number; t is the total scheduling period; c (C) S Is the total cost of power generation; u (u) iNF As the control variable of the normal domain, the power difference is delta P NF Within the range, u iNF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P NF Outside the range, u iNF Taking 0; u (u) iAF The power difference is delta P as the control variable of the abnormal domain AF Within the range, u iAF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P AF Outside the range, u iAF Taking 0; u (u) kEF As a control variable of the emergency domain, the power difference is at Δp EF Within the range, u kEF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P EF Outside the range, u kEF Taking 0.
Through the design scheme, the following beneficial effects can be brought:
the multi-domain scheduling method provided by the invention firstly divides the domains aiming at load change in the system and adjustment and output capacity of the conventional units, and under the relative difference of supply and demand, the multi-domain scheduling method is divided into a normal domain which can be completely consumed by adjusting the conventional units only, an abnormal domain which needs to adjust an energy storage system to stabilize wind power and an emergency domain which needs to consider wind abandon; secondly, defining boundary conditions of each domain, and establishing scheduling models in different domains and in an excessive state by taking maximum new energy consumption as a target; then, in different control domains, the output of each unit under different domains is calculated by directly calling the software CPLEX, and the stability and the economy of the combined output are verified, so that multiple sources can be reasonably coordinated and matched under different domains, the traditional scheduling scheme is optimized, the pertinence of each scheduling period is enhanced, the full consumption of new energy sources is realized as much as possible, and the profit of a power grid is improved.
The energy storage system can transfer load to play an important role in flexible scheduling in actual scheduling of the power system. The multi-domain scheduling method is proposed from the perspective of flexible source and storage scheduling, the influences of factors such as load, wind power output random fluctuation, system adjusting capacity and the like are comprehensively considered, all adjusting capacities in the system are scheduled in a unified mode, and the three control domains of a normal domain, an abnormal domain and an emergency domain are redistributed. Under different domains, the reasonable collocation of the conventional thermal power generating unit and the energy storage system aims at the maximum clean energy consumption, so that multi-domain economic dispatch is realized.
The influence of wind power and load uncertainty and the flexible adjustment capability of thermal power and energy storage are fully considered in the proposed multi-control domain division, the optimized allocation of limited flexible resources is realized, the standby redundancy of the system is greatly reduced, and the load rate and the operation efficiency of the unit are improved; random fluctuation of wind power and load is effectively stabilized, the output process of the thermal power generating unit is further optimized, wind power consumption is guaranteed, the power grid flexibility requirement is met, the wind power utilization rate is improved, and a scheduling scheme for effectively consuming wind power is provided for a power grid scheduling department.
Drawings
The following is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a four-season load timing profile in an embodiment of a multi-domain scheduling method accounting for an energy storage power system based on generation cost constraints.
FIG. 2 is a representative daily load timing characteristic in an embodiment of a multi-domain scheduling method that accounts for an energy storage power system based on generation cost constraints.
FIG. 3 is a graph of wind power four season load timing characteristics in an embodiment of a multi-domain scheduling method accounting for an energy storage power system based on generation cost constraints.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of overall multi-domain scheduling ideas in an embodiment of a multi-domain scheduling method that accounts for an energy storage power system based on power generation cost constraints.
FIG. 5 is a graph of theoretical wind power output versus load timing characteristics in an embodiment of a multi-domain scheduling method accounting for an energy storage power system based on generation cost constraints.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a system-free operation in an embodiment of a multi-domain scheduling method that accounts for an energy storage power system based on generation cost constraints.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a storage system operation in an embodiment of a multi-domain scheduling method that accounts for an energy storage power system based on generation cost constraints.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a multi-domain scheduling system operation in an embodiment of a multi-domain scheduling method that accounts for an energy storage power system based on generation cost constraints.
Detailed Description
The multi-domain scheduling method based on the generation cost constraint and considering the energy storage power system comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing different dispatching interval control domains
Firstly, comprehensively considering that the flexible characteristic of an energy storage system is utilized to match with a conventional unit under the condition of large wind power generation, and the maximum wind power consumption is taken as a target, and the output and energy storage adjusting capacity of the conventional unit under different time periods are localized according to the relative power difference value in supply and demand.
1) Normal domain (Normal control field, NF): the wind power generation method is defined as that under a typical daily load curve, the difference between the output value and the load value of each unit is within the regulation range of a conventional unit, and wind power can be completely consumed at the moment. When the power difference between the load and the output is delta P NF In the range, the thermal power generating unit can be adjusted by being matched with the total consumption of wind power, and if the energy storage system has residual energy in the previous day, the energy storage system is preferably used at the moment for standby in an abnormal stage. Its adjustable margin is expressed as:
wherein: n is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period, and delta P Gi,t,i For the adjustment range per unit time, denoted as conventional unit i, ΔP' ess,t,i Is the remaining capacity of the ith energy storage unit at the previous day period t.
2) Abnormal domain (Anomaly control field, AF): the method is defined as that under a typical daily load curve, the wind-light output change is increased, and when the residual quantity is remained after the regulation of a conventional unit, the change quantity of the energy storage system is larger than or equal to the range of the wind-light output residual quantity, namely P W +ΔP Gmin -P l When the scheduling range is not equal to 0, the adjusting resources are not used up, and the scheduling range in the system is as follows:
wherein: n is the total number of the generator sets, and T is the total scheduling period; p (P) W For wind power output value, P l For the load value ΔP AF Expressed as an adjustment value under an abnormal domain, wherein ΔP ess,t,i Denoted as the ith energy storage unit adjustment capacity at the current t-period.
3) Emergency domain (Emergency control field, EF): the wind power change is further increased under a typical daily load curve, the wind power change can not be absorbed by adjusting resources, and a reasonable wind discarding period is required, and the wind discarding quantity under the state is as follows:
ΔP EF ＝P W ′-(ΔP AF +ΔP NF ) (3)
wherein: ΔP EF A waste wind value expressed as exceeding the regulation capacity in the emergency domain; p (P) W ' is expressed as a wind power output value under an abnormal domain.
Step two, a multi-domain scheduling model with the maximum new energy consumption is established, and constraint conditions of the model are set
(1) Model constraints
1) And (3) constraint of the system model, and constraint of supply and demand balance and line flow are considered in control under different domains.
Wherein: p (P) G,t The power of the conventional thermal power generating unit in the period t; p (P) w,t Wind power in a period t;discharging power for the energy storage unit in a period t; p (P) l,t Load value under period t; p (P) loss,t Network loss for period t; />Charging power for the energy storage unit in a period t; p (P) m Active power injected into the power grid for the power supply on node m; q (Q) m Reactive power injected into the grid for the power supply on node m; p (P) l,m For node m hasA power load; q (Q) l,m Reactive load for node m; v (V) m The voltage amplitude at node m; v (V) n The voltage amplitude at node n; θ mn Is the phase angle difference between node m and node n; g mn For branch I mn Conductance on; b (B) mn For branch I mn Susceptance is conducted; i L,i For passing the actual current of the ith branch; />For the current maximum value of the i-th branch.
2) Constraint conditions of conventional units
Wherein: p (P) Gi,t Active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i in a period t; p (P) Gi,t+1 Active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i in a period t+1;the minimum active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i; />Is conventionalMaximum active power of the thermal power generating unit i; u (u) i,t The switching state quantity of the unit i is set; />For maximum ascending climbing capacity of the unit i, +.>The maximum descending climbing capacity of the unit i; />For the actual start-up time of the unit i,/-)>Actual downtime for unit i; y is Y i,1 Start-up time, Y, specified for unit i i,0 The downtime specified for unit i;
3) Constraint conditions of energy storage system
The energy storage system is used as a transferable load, and can exchange energy in two directions on the power supply side and the load side. In the load low-valley period, the energy storage system can store excessive wind power, when electricity consumption is high, the electric quantity stored by the energy storage system is preferentially used, and the bidirectional exchange capacity of the energy storage system can not only raise the consumption of clean energy, but also ensure the safety and reliability of the power system.
(1) Maximum charge-discharge power constraint of energy storage device
(2) Energy storage device charge-discharge balance constraint
Wherein: p (P) s (t) represents a force value of the energy storage system during a t-th period;representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage system, P s,min Representing a minimum charge power of the energy storage system;
(3) energy storage system charge/discharge power constraints
Wherein:for the discharge power of the energy storage unit in period t +.>The energy storage unit is charged with power during the period t,representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage system, +.>Representing the maximum charging power of the energy storage system +.>The energy storage system discharge state quantity is the energy storage system discharge state quantity under the period t; />The state quantity of charge of the energy storage system in the period t;
(4) energy storage system charge/discharge power regulation range constraint
Wherein:for the ascending climbing capacity of the energy storage system in period t +.>The descending climbing capacity of the energy storage system in the period t;
(2) Comprehensively consider the cost of various regulated resources in different domains
1) Objective function
The power generation cost is calculated according to the under-domain constraints in all scheduling periods.
Wherein: i, j, k is the number of time periods under each control domain (the value is 1,2 and … n), and n is a natural number; t is the total scheduling period; c (C) S Is the total cost of power generation; c (C) NF The power generation cost is the normal domain; c (C) AF Generating cost for the abnormal domain; c (C) EF Generating electricity costs for emergency domains; u (u) iNF As the control variable of the normal domain, the power difference is delta P NF Within the range, u iNF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P NF Outside the range, u iNF Taking 0; u (u) iAF The power difference is delta P as the control variable of the abnormal domain AF Within the range, u iAF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P AF Outside the range, u iAF Taking 0; u (u) kEF As a control variable of the emergency domain, the power difference is at Δp EF Within the range, u kEF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P EF Outside the range, u kEF Taking 0.
2) Normal domain power generation cost
In a normal domain, based on the condition of minimum network loss, all the wind power output can be consumed by only adjusting the thermal power generating unit, and meanwhile, under the constraint condition, the energy storage allowance can be properly reduced for preferentially using the thermal power output so as to fully consume the wind power in an abnormal domain, and the consumption margin is improved.
Wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, and T is the total scheduling period; c (C) NF Is the power generation cost under the normal domain; p (P) G,i Is the output value alpha of the thermal power unit i i 、β i 、γ i Are all the output cost coefficients of the thermal power generating unit, P ess,i Active power of the ith energy storage unit, c i The cost factor is adjusted for the energy storage system.
3) Abnormal domain power generation cost
In an abnormal region, the wind power consumed in the period only adjusts the thermal power unit and cannot meet the scheduling economy, and the energy storage system is required to be called to consume the wind power, wherein the cost is the cost required by the minimum output of the thermal power unit and the adjustment cost of the energy storage system, and the expression is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, and T is the total scheduling period; p (P) Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, P essmax To store maximum power, alpha i 、β i 、γ i C, the coefficient of the output cost of the thermal power unit i The energy storage system is set to adjust the cost coefficient.
4) Emergency domain power generation cost
When wind power is further increased, the wind power generation cannot be stabilized by using the adjusting resources, and the wind can be reasonably abandoned only on the premise of being economically optimal, and the cost expression is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period and P Wd To discard wind power output, h i Punishment of cost coefficient for wind abandon, P Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, alpha i 、β i 、γ i The method is a coefficient of the output cost of the thermal power generating unit.
Step three, multi-domain scheduling is carried out on the power system taking energy storage into account
1) Firstly, calculating power difference values of a set number of units of wind power and thermal power according to load of typical days, theoretical wind power and thermal power;
2) Dividing control domains for all time periods according to the minimum output of the thermal power unit and the upper and lower limit values of an energy storage system in the system;
3) When the difference of the supply power and the demand power is delta P NF In the method, a normal domain scheduling scheme is executed, namely the operation mode of a conventional unit is not changed, wind power can be normally consumed at the moment, and the power generation cost of all normal domain time periods is calculated at the same time;
4) When the difference of the supply power and the demand power is delta P AF Executing an abnormal domain scheduling scheme, namely balancing wind power and load fluctuation by utilizing energy storage even though the thermal power is at least output, and simultaneously calculating the power generation cost of all abnormal domain time periods;
5) When the difference of the supply power and the demand power is delta P EF In the method, an emergency domain scheduling scheme is executed, namely wind power fluctuation is severe, energy storage balance cannot be utilized, proper wind discarding and power output are needed, penalty cost of a wind discarding part at the moment and power generation cost of the minimum output of a thermal power unit at the moment are calculated;
6) And arranging all time periods according to time limits, summing all power generation costs, and outputting a final scheduling scheme.
Examples:
the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and the method are verified by adopting a scheduling scheme of a regional power grid system of Liaoning in China as an example, wherein the regional power grid structure of Liaoning is shown in figure 5. The system comprises a wind power cluster with the installed capacity of 350MW and a thermal power unit with the installed total amount of 600MW, and is also provided with an energy storage system with the installed capacity of 120 MW.h. The minimum storage capacity is 15 MW.h, the initial energy storage is 20 MW.h, the rated charge and discharge power is 40MW, and the charge and discharge efficiency is 0.92.
(1) Objective function
And comprehensively considering the cost of various adjustment resources in different domains, and calculating the power generation cost according to the constraint in each domain in 96 scheduling periods.
TABLE 1 controlled variables for different regions
Table 1 Control variables in different regions
Wherein: c (C) S Is the total cost of power generation; c (C) NF The power generation cost is the normal domain; c (C) AF Generating cost for the abnormal domain; c (C) EF Generating electricity costs for emergency domains; u (u) iNF Is a 0/1 control variable of a normal domain, and the power difference value is delta P NF Within the range, u iNF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P NF Outside the range, u iNF Taking 0; u (u) iAF For the 0/1 control variable of the abnormal domain, the power difference value is delta P AF Within the range, u iAF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P AF Outside the range, u iAF Taking 0; u (u) kEF As the 0/1 control variable of the emergency domain, the power difference value is delta P EF Within the range, u kEF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P EF Outside the range, u kEF Taking 0; i, j, k are the number of time periods under each control domain.
(2) Normal domain power generation cost
In a normal domain, based on the condition of minimum network loss, all the wind power output can be consumed by only adjusting the thermal power generating unit, and meanwhile, under the constraint condition, the energy storage allowance can be properly reduced for preferentially using the thermal power output so as to fully consume the wind power in an abnormal domain, and the consumption margin is improved.
Wherein: n is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period, C NF Is the power generation cost under the normal domain, P G,i Is the output value, P, of the thermal power unit i ess,i Is the active power of the ith energy storage unit, alpha i 、β i 、γ i C, the coefficient of the output cost of the thermal power unit i The energy storage system is set to adjust the cost coefficient.
(3) Abnormal domain power generation cost
In an abnormal region, the wind power consumed in the period only adjusts the thermal power unit and cannot meet the scheduling economy, and the energy storage system is required to be called to consume the wind power, wherein the cost is the cost required by the minimum output of the thermal power unit and the adjustment cost of the energy storage system, and the expression is as follows:
wherein: n is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period and P Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, P essmax To store maximum power, alpha i 、β i 、γ i C, the coefficient of the output cost of the thermal power unit i The energy storage system is set to adjust the cost coefficient.
(4) Emergency domain power generation cost
When wind power is further increased, the wind power generation cannot be stabilized by using the adjusting resources, and the wind can be reasonably abandoned only on the premise of being economically optimal, and the cost expression is as follows:
wherein: n is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period and P Wd To discard wind power output, h i Punishment of cost for wind curtailmentNumber, P Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, alpha i 、β i 、γ i The method is a coefficient of the output cost of the thermal power generating unit.
(5) The multi-domain scheduling method comprises the following solving steps:
1) Firstly, calculating power difference values under 96 time periods based on load of typical days, theoretical wind power generation and thermal power generating units;
2) According to the minimum output of the thermal power unit and the upper and lower limit values of an energy storage system in the system, carrying out control domain division on 96 time periods;
3) When the difference of the supply power and the demand power is delta P NF In the method, a normal domain scheduling scheme is executed, namely the operation mode of a conventional unit is not changed, wind power can be normally consumed at the moment, and the power generation cost of all normal domain time periods is calculated at the same time;
4) When the difference of the supply power and the demand power is delta P AF Executing an abnormal domain scheduling scheme, namely balancing wind power and load fluctuation by utilizing energy storage even though the thermal power is at least output, and simultaneously calculating the power generation cost of all abnormal domain time periods;
5) When the difference of the supply power and the demand power is delta P EF In the method, an emergency domain scheduling scheme is executed, namely wind power fluctuation is severe, energy storage balance cannot be utilized, proper wind discarding and power output are needed, penalty cost of a wind discarding part at the moment and power generation cost of the minimum output of a thermal power unit at the moment are calculated;
6) And arranging all time periods according to time limits, summing all power generation costs, and outputting a final scheduling scheme.
In different areas, the online prices of wind power in different time periods are not uniformly priced, and the online prices of the wind power are set as follows by referring to the local actual conditions:
0:00 to 8:00, h i =0.4 yuan/kw·h;
8:00 to 23:00, h i =0.82 yuan/kw·h;
at 23:00 to 24:00, h i =0.4 yuan/kw·h.
With one day as a scheduling period, 15 minutes as a scheduling period. The prediction error is considered to be within 5% in the present invention. Other unit parameters are shown below.
TABLE 2 conventional thermal power generating unit related parameters Table 2Related parameters of conventional thermal power unit
The maximum load curve of the whole caliber in a certain area is shown in the following figure 1, wherein the load in winter is larger, the difference between the load in other three seasons is smaller, the load difference in four seasons is not obvious before and after 5 hours in the early morning, meanwhile, under each load curve, the peak difference of the local load between the early and late time periods can be seen to be larger, and the typical daily load curve shown in the figure 2 is selected for further detailed analysis of the local load characteristics. Local load was lower around the early morning to 5 hours, load level was 389.01MW at the lowest load of the day at 3:00, starting to rise slowly at 4:15, peak 577.01MW at the first time of the day at 8:15, and then load dropped slightly during the period to 16:00. The load value rose rapidly at the late peak stage to a maximum magnitude of 635.39MW on the day, after which the load slowly declined until the next morning. It can be seen that the local load does not fluctuate frequently, the two-stage division is obvious, the two peaks appear in the daytime, but the fluctuation of most of the time is slow, and the two-stage division is stable.
Assuming that there is no power delivery locally, conventional units are only available for regional use. The actual wind power generation in this region can be referred to the annual wind speed in the northeast region of the Meteonarm database. And analyzing the theoretical output of the wind power on the same day by using a functional relation between the output power of the fan and the wind speed shown in a formula.
Wherein: p (P) w The actual output value is expressed as a fan; p (P) wn The rated output value is expressed as a fan; v r Indicating rated wind speed, v i Indicating cut-in wind speed, v o Indicating the cut-out wind speed.
As shown in FIG. 3, the local four-season wind power curves are similar, the wind power output rises from 7 a.m. to 16 a.m. to peak, and falls after 20 a.m., wherein the wind power output is larger in the early spring period than in other seasons. However, as shown in the curves in fig. 1 and 3, the local wind power and the load are obviously different in different time periods.
Taking a local scheduling scheme as an example, an actual wind power output and a load value are given in fig. 6, and an output curve of each unit on the same day is given in fig. 6, it can be seen that two electricity limiting areas exist in the traditional scheduling scheme, generally about 22 pm to 6 pm, the load value is relatively low, wind power change curves in the areas in winter and summer are obviously seen, wind power is greatly fluctuated in different seasons, the two sides of a dotted line are areas where wind power is forced to be reduced, the areas are recorded as wind limiting areas, the load is gradually reduced along with time, wind power is reversely increased, wind power surplus is caused, and meanwhile, the wind power cannot be freely output by a fan, so that a constant power generation scheme cannot be formulated, wind power cannot be supplied as a conventional unit, wind power is forced to be limited at the moment, and even the adjustment cost of the thermal power unit is forced to be shut down.
The scheduling scheme of the invention is shown in fig. 7, wherein an energy storage system is not called, meanwhile, wind power occupies smaller capacity in the whole day, the wind abandoning rate is not fully utilized, even 18%, wind energy sources cannot be fully utilized, excessive waste is caused, and meanwhile, the given scheduling scheme only has 157.65 ten thousand yuan of generating cost of a thermal power unit.
In fig. 8, a scheduling scheme after the energy storage system is considered is shown, the positive energy storage value represents the energy storage capacity, the negative energy storage value represents the energy storage output, wherein the bidirectional nature of the energy storage system can be obviously seen, the wind power absorption capacity can be further increased, the wind power wind discarding rate can be reduced to a certain extent, but the total wind power wind discarding rate is not regulated and controlled, the frequency of using the energy storage system is obviously seen to be frequent, the utilization efficiency is only 52%, the energy storage capacity is full after the broken line and cannot be used any more, and the cost is greatly increased if the output of the thermal power unit is regulated. The power generation cost of the thermal power generating unit is 122.54 ten thousand yuan, and the power generation cost of the thermal power generating unit is effectively reduced, but the energy storage adjustment cost is increased by 38.2 ten thousand yuan, so that the energy storage effect in the method is very little, the wind power generation is not fully consumed, and the power generation cost is increased to 160.74 ten thousand yuan. Therefore, the energy storage function in the method is not fully exerted, and the thermal power unit has no good digestion regulation capability.
Aiming at the two scheduling schemes, experiments are carried out by adopting a multi-domain scheduling scheme in the same system scene. As shown in fig. 8, the division of different domains is given, and the output curves of the respective units under the different domains. In the figure, the broken line is the dividing limit between the areas, the NF area is the normal area, the AF area is the abnormal area, the EF area is the emergency area, and the shadow part is the air discarding quantity.
Under the normal domain, the thermal power generating unit can adjust wind power generation under the condition of economic constraint, meanwhile, the factor section is in daytime, the wind power in the area is relatively weak, an energy storage system is not required to be adjusted, and meanwhile, the energy storage system can be allowed to empty residual reserves when the energy storage system is divided into 15:15 to 17:45 and 23:15 to early morning, and the wind power is fully consumed under the abnormal domain.
In the abnormal domain, the calculated and adjusted thermal power unit cost is increased, and part of the unit is required to be stopped, so that the abnormal domain is divided into in order to save the cost, and the wind power can be fully consumed through the energy storage system.
And meanwhile, in an emergency area, the regulation resources in the area are used up, and only wind power generation can be limited. The power generation cost, the wind curtailment rate and the wind curtailment penalty calculated by the method are compared with the first two methods as shown in the following table 3.
Table 3comparison of the results of the three methods Table 3Comparison of the results of the three methods
The table shows that after the method divides multiple sources and domains, the wind abandoning rate is reduced from 15% to 5% compared with a scheduling scheme without energy storage, and the wind power absorbing capacity is greatly improved. In the scheduling scheme with energy storage, although the wind-abandoning rate can be reduced, the random operation of the energy storage system can lead to the increase of energy storage adjustment cost, even the cost is higher than that in the environment without energy storage, and meanwhile, the wind-abandoning rate is not obviously reduced compared with the multi-domain scheduling scheme. After multi-domain division, the pertinence of the demand and the supply peak period is more obvious, so that the coordination and coordination between the thermal power generating unit and the energy storage system can better solve the problem of wind power consumption. The resource allocation among the areas is further increased, the reduction percentage of the abandoned wind power is up to more than 72%, and the wind power utilization efficiency is effectively improved.
The invention provides a multi-source multi-domain scheduling method of a wind-containing power system based on adjustment resources, which is applied to the daily power generation planning of a certain power grid in China, and the influence of wind power and load uncertainty and the flexible adjustment capability of thermal power and energy storage are fully considered by the multi-domain division provided through example analysis, so that the optimal allocation of limited flexible resources is realized, the standby redundancy of the system is greatly reduced, and the load rate and the operation efficiency of a unit are improved; random fluctuation of wind power and load is effectively stabilized, the output process of the thermal power generating unit is further optimized, wind power consumption is guaranteed, the power grid flexibility requirement is met, the wind power utilization rate is improved, and a scheduling scheme for effectively consuming wind power is provided for a power grid scheduling department.
Claims (5)
1. The multi-domain scheduling method based on the constraint of the power generation cost and considering the energy storage power system is characterized in that: comprising the following steps and proceeding in sequence,
step one, establishing a set number of scheduling intervals and dividing a control domain
Uniformly dividing 24 hours a day into a set number of time periods, taking a typical day and calculating and obtaining a power difference value of the load and the output under each time period based on the load of the typical day, the minimum output of a theoretical wind turbine generator, the minimum output of a thermal power turbine generator, the upper limit value of an energy storage system in the system and the lower limit value of the energy storage system in the system, and calculating and obtaining a change value of the energy storage system;
setting the power difference value to be greater than or equal to zero at any period of the typical day, dividing the period into a normal domain, and adjusting the margin of the normal domain to be delta P NF ，
Setting the power difference value to be less than zero and the absolute value of the power difference value to be less than or equal to the energy storage system at any time period of the typical dayThe absolute value of the total variation is divided into an abnormal domain, and the scheduling range of the abnormal domain is delta P AF ，
Setting the power difference value smaller than zero and the absolute value of the power difference value larger than the absolute value of the change quantity of the energy storage system at any period of a typical day, and performing wind discarding by the power system, wherein the period is divided into an emergency domain, and the wind discarding quantity of the emergency domain is delta P EF ；
Step two, building a system model and setting model constraint conditions
1) Setting a system model constraint according to supply-demand balance and line flow constraint of each control domain:
wherein: p (P) G,t For the power of the conventional thermal power generating unit under the period t, P w,t For wind power at time period t, P l,t For the load value at time period t, P loss,t For the network loss at the time period t,for the discharge power of the energy storage unit in period t +.>Charging power of the energy storage unit at time period t, P m Active power injected into the grid for the power supply on node m, Q m Reactive power, P, injected into the grid for the power supply at node m l,m For the active load of node m, Q l,m For reactive load of node m, V m For node mVoltage amplitude, V n For the voltage amplitude of node n, θ mn G is the phase angle difference between node m and node n mn For branch I mn Conductance at B mn For branch I mn Susceptance, I L,i For the flow of the actual current of the ith branch, < >>For the current maximum value of the ith branch, N is the total number of generator sets, and T is the total scheduling period;
2) Set the constraint condition of the unit
Wherein: p (P) Gi,t Is the active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i under the period t, P Gi,t+1 Is the active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i in the period t+1,is the minimum active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i, < ->Is the maximum active power of the conventional thermal power generating unit i, u i,t For the switching state quantity of the unit i->For maximum ascending climbing capacity of unit i +.>For maximum descending climbing capacity of unit i, +.>For the actual start-up time of the unit i, +.>For the actual downtime of the unit i, Y i,1 Start-up time defined for unit i, Y i,0 The downtime specified for unit i;
3) Setting constraint conditions of energy storage system
(1) Maximum charge-discharge power constraint of the energy storage device:
(2) energy storage device charge-discharge balance constraint:
wherein: p (P) s (t) represents the output value of the energy storage system during the t-th period,representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage system, P s,min Representing the minimum charging power of the energy storage system, wherein T is the scheduling total time period;
(3) energy storage system charge/discharge power constraints:
wherein:for the discharge power of the energy storage unit in period t +.>Charging power of the energy storage unit in period t +.>Representing the maximum discharge power of the energy storage system, +.>Representing the maximum charging power of the energy storage system +.>The energy storage system discharge state quantity is the energy storage system discharge state quantity under the period t; />The state quantity of charge of the energy storage system in the period t;
(4) limiting the regulation range of the charging/discharging power of the energy storage system;
wherein:for the ascending climbing capacity of the energy storage system in period t +.>The descending climbing capacity of the energy storage system in the period t;
step three, multi-domain scheduling is carried out on the power system taking energy storage into account
1) Measuring the load of the power system for 24 hours in the whole day and the output of each unit, dividing the time period and the control domain according to the first step, and obtaining the power difference value of the system load and the output of each unit;
2) And (3) performing multi-domain scheduling according to the power difference value and the model established in the step two by using software CPLEX to obtain the output and the power generation cost of each unit under each control domain:
the power difference is at delta P NF In the range, the power system executes a normal domain scheduling scheme, maintains the operation mode of a conventional unit, and simultaneously calculates and obtains the power generation cost C of all normal domain time periods according to a normal domain power generation cost formula NF ；
The power difference is at delta P AF In the range, the power system executes an abnormal domain scheduling scheme to enable the thermal power generating unit to keep minimum output, the energy storage system is utilized to balance wind power and load fluctuation, and meanwhile, the power generation cost C of all abnormal domain time periods is calculated and obtained according to an abnormal domain power generation cost formula AF ；
The power difference is at delta P EF Within the scope, an emergency domain scheduling scheme is executed to discard wind, and meanwhile, the power generation cost C of all emergency domain time periods is calculated and obtained according to an emergency domain power generation cost formula EF ；
3) Arranging all time periods according to time limit, and summing all power generation costs to obtain the total power generation cost C of the power system S And outputs the final scheduling scheme.
2. The multi-domain scheduling method based on generation cost constraint and considering energy storage power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the normal domain power generation cost formula is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, and T is the total scheduling period; c (C) NF Is the power generation cost under the normal domain; p (P) G,i Is the output value alpha of the thermal power unit i i 、β i 、γ i All are output cost coefficients of the thermal power generating unit; p (P) ess,i Active power of the ith energy storage unit, c i The cost factor is adjusted for the energy storage system.
3. The multi-domain scheduling method based on generation cost constraint and considering energy storage power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the abnormal domain power generation cost formula is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period, and C AF Is the generation cost under abnormal domain; p (P) Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, P essmax To store maximum power, P Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, alpha i 、β i 、γ i The output cost coefficient of the thermal power generating unit is obtained; c i The cost factor is adjusted for the energy storage system.
4. The multi-domain scheduling method based on generation cost constraint and considering energy storage power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the emergency domain power generation cost formula is as follows:
wherein N is the total number of the generator sets, T is the total scheduling period, and C EF Is the power generation cost under the emergency domain; p (P) Wd To discard wind power output, h i Punishment of cost coefficient for wind abandon, P Gmin Is the minimum output value of the thermal power unit, alpha i 、β i 、γ i All are the output cost coefficients of the thermal power generating unit.
5. The multi-domain scheduling method based on generation cost constraint and considering energy storage power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the total power generation cost formula of the power system is as follows:
wherein: i, j, k is the number of time periods under each control domain, the value is 1,2, … n, n is a natural number; t is the total scheduling period; c (C) S Is the total cost of power generation; u (u) iNF As the control variable of the normal domain, the power difference is delta P NF Within the range, u iNF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P NF Outside the range, u iNF Taking 0; u (u) iAF The power difference is delta P as the control variable of the abnormal domain AF Within the range, u iAF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P AF Outside the range, u iAF Taking 0; u (u) kEF As a control variable of the emergency domain, the power difference is at Δp EF Within the range, u kEF Taking 1, the power variation is delta P EF Outside the range, u kEF Taking 0.
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