CN110828267A - Super-evaporation cooling anode - Google Patents

Super-evaporation cooling anode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110828267A
CN110828267A CN201911282629.9A CN201911282629A CN110828267A CN 110828267 A CN110828267 A CN 110828267A CN 201911282629 A CN201911282629 A CN 201911282629A CN 110828267 A CN110828267 A CN 110828267A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
anode
cooling
water jacket
channel
cover
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Pending
Application number
CN201911282629.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李建北
黄刚
刘平
龙继东
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Institute of Fluid Physics of CAEP
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Institute of Fluid Physics of CAEP
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Priority to CN201911282629.9A priority Critical patent/CN110828267A/en
Publication of CN110828267A publication Critical patent/CN110828267A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/12—Cooling non-rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/105—Cooling of rotating anodes, e.g. heat emitting layers or structures
    • H01J35/106—Active cooling, e.g. fluid flow, heat pipes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a super-evaporation cooling anode which comprises an anode target, wherein a cooling fluid channel is arranged on the back or inside of the anode target far away from a bombardment surface, N cooling grooves are also arranged on the anode target, N is a positive integer larger than or equal to 1, and the open end of each cooling groove is communicated with the channel. The super-evaporation cooling anode structure provided by the invention can greatly improve the anode cooling efficiency of a fixed anode X-ray tube, thereby improving the working power of the X-ray tube, being beneficial to the miniaturization design of the X-ray tube, and the dissipation power density of a general water-cooling anode is 40-120W/cm2The dissipation power density of the super-evaporation cooling anode structure provided by the invention can reach 1000W/cm2。

Description

Super-evaporation cooling anode
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric vacuum, in particular to a super-evaporation cooling anode which can be used in the technical fields of medical appliances, industrial nondestructive testing, X-ray irradiation and the like.
Background
An X-ray tube is an electro-vacuum device for generating X-rays by bombarding a radiation conversion target with electron beams, and is a key component in an X-ray machine (X-ray machine). Electrons emitted by a cathode (a common tungsten filament) bombard an anode target at a high speed under the action of a high-voltage electric field of the anode target, and generate X-rays due to bremsstrahlung radiation. The voltage at two ends of the X-ray tube can often be thousands of volts, dozens of kilovolts or even higher, when high-speed electrons bombard the anode target material, only 1% of the energy of electron beams is converted into X-rays, and the rest 99% of the energy is converted into heat to be deposited in the anode target, so that the temperature of the anode target is increased rapidly, and the service life of the anode target and the whole X-ray tube is adversely affected by overhigh temperature. In addition, the conventional X-ray tube has a large volume, so that a large enough heat dissipation area can be ensured, a large space is occupied in the structural design of the X-ray instrument, and the volume of the X-ray tube needs to be reduced for the miniaturization of the instrument design.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the traditional X-ray tube anode structure is poor in heat dissipation effect, influences the service life of the X-ray tube and is not beneficial to the development of miniaturization of the X-ray tube.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a super-evaporation cooling anode comprises an anode target, wherein a cooling fluid channel is arranged on the back or inside of the anode target far away from a bombardment surface, N cooling grooves are further arranged on the anode target, N is a positive integer larger than or equal to 1, and the open end of each cooling groove is communicated with the channel.
The invention improves the anode structure, a channel penetrating through the anode target is arranged in the anode target, or a pipeline is additionally arranged on the plate surface of the anode target opposite to the bombardment surface to be used as the channel, or an additional structure is arranged on the plate surface of the anode target opposite to the bombardment surface, a gap between the additional structure and the plate surface of the anode target is used as the channel, the channel is used as a cooling fluid circulation passage, the cooling fluid can continuously flow in the channel or intermittently circulate periodically or non-periodically, and the shape of the bottom of the cooling tank comprises but is not limited to a plane, an inclined plane or a conical surface; the heat deposited on the anode target is thus carried away by the coolant fluid circulating in the channels. The invention also arranges N cooling grooves on the anode target, wherein the cooling grooves can be groove structures arranged on the surface of the anode target in the channel or structures enclosed by the convex outlines on the surface of the anode target in the channel. The cooling fluid flows into the cooling tank, and because the temperature of the anode target is higher, the small unit volume water entering the cooling tank is immediately vaporized into water vapor and sprayed out of the cooling tank, namely the water vapor is sprayed into the cooling fluid with large volume in the spraying channel and is rapidly condensed into liquid state, and then the cooling fluid enters the cooling tank again and is vaporized and sprayed out, so that the circulation is realized. All the cooling grooves are communicated with the channel, so that the positions near the ports of the cooling grooves are always in cold fluid, and the anode target and the whole anode are prevented from being burnt due to over-temperature. Since the heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the anode target in the cooling tank is accomplished by vaporization of water, the vaporized water can carry away a large amount of heat from the anode target. At the moment, the cooling fluid flowing in the channel mainly has the function of quickly taking away the heat vaporized in the cooling tank, and the continuous vaporization conversion in the cooling tank is guaranteed.
Further, the channel is a pore canal structure with a regular or irregular radial section.
The radial cross section of the channel can be regular shape, such as circle, ellipse, polygon enclosed by straight lines (such as trilateral, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, etc.), polygon enclosed by arc lines (such as spindle shape, quincunx shape), or polygon enclosed by straight lines and arc lines (such as sector shape), etc., and the specific shape is not limited, so as to be subject to the design of fitting with the anode structure and maximizing heat dissipation.
Further, the maximum gap of the channel is less than or equal to 10mm in the direction perpendicular to the contact surface of the fluid and the anode target.
The gap of the channel is designed to be minimized, and under the condition of the same fluid flow, the cooling fluid can be ensured to rapidly circulate in the channel, so that the heat vaporized in the cooling groove can be rapidly taken away, and the vaporization change can be continuously generated in the cooling groove. If the channel is too large, the flow velocity of the cooling fluid is inevitably reduced, the temperature difference between the cooling fluid in the channel and the vaporized gas in the cooling tank is reduced, and the heat exchange is influenced; and too large a channel may even be detrimental to the design of the anode target or increase the anode design volume.
Further, the relationship between the axial direction of the cooling groove and the flow direction of the fluid in the channel comprises vertical, parallel or intersecting.
The relationship between the axial direction of the cooling groove and the flowing direction of the fluid in the channel is not limited, as long as the communication between the cooling groove and the channel is ensured, the cooling fluid in the channel can flow into the cooling groove, and the vaporized gas in the cooling groove can flow into the cooling fluid in the channel.
Further, the structure of the cooling groove in the width direction is matched with the anode target, and the cooling groove comprises a ring shape, a spiral shape or a straight strip shape in the width extending direction.
The shape of the cooling groove extending in the width direction is not limited, and may be any shape such as a ring shape, a spiral shape, or a linear shape.
Furthermore, the width of the cooling groove is less than or equal to 10mm, and the depth of the cooling groove is less than or equal to 12 mm; the interval between adjacent cooling grooves is less than or equal to 12 mm.
The volume space in the cooling tank is minimized as much as possible, so that the cooling fluid in the channel contacting the anode target can be divided into a plurality of water units with small volume units, each water unit is equivalent to infinite heat exchange area, the heat exchange efficiency of the water units is greatly increased, and the cooling fluid flowing into the cooling tank is rapidly vaporized and flows into the cooling fluid in the channel.
Further, the entire anode target cross-section is covered by one cooling fluid channel or the anode target cross-section is covered by a plurality of cooling fluid channels.
The shape and the number of the channels are not limited, and in a corresponding design structure, the anode target only needs to cover a large enough cross section to ensure the maximum heat exchange area.
And further, the device also comprises a water jacket cover, wherein the water jacket cover covers the plate surface of the anode target, which faces away from the bombardment surface, and a gap between the water jacket cover and the anode target is used as a channel of cooling fluid.
The water jacket cover is arranged on the anode, namely the opposite water jacket cover is arranged on the back surface of the anode target, and a gap is formed between the water jacket cover and the back plate surface of the anode target to be used as a channel of cooling fluid, so that a channel for covering the whole anode target to cool the back plate is formed, and the anode target is effectively cooled.
Further, the device also comprises a water jacket, an anode seat, an anode cover and a water-stop plate; the water jacket is arranged in a surrounding manner along the circumferential direction of the anode cover, the top end of the water jacket is provided with a water jacket cover, the bottom end of the water jacket is provided with an anode seat, and the anode cover is hermetically arranged in a sealing space of the water jacket, the anode seat and the water jacket cover; a gap between the inner wall of the water jacket and the outer wall of the anode cover is communicated with a gap between the water jacket cover and the anode target and is used as a channel for cooling fluid; the water jacket is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, two water-stop plates are arranged between the water jacket and the anode cover along the axial direction, and the water inlet and the water outlet are distributed on two sides of the connecting line of the water-stop plates.
The invention mainly aims at cooling the anode target with more concentrated heat, but is not limited to cooling only the anode target and cooling the whole anode simultaneously. According to the invention, a sealed cavity structure is formed by arranging the water jacket, the anode seat and the water jacket cover, the anode cover is arranged in the cavity structure, the anode cover is fixed on the anode seat, and the anode target is arranged at the top of the anode cover; a channel for cooling fluid to flow is formed in a gap between the inner wall of the water jacket and the outer wall of the anode cover, a channel for cooling fluid to flow is formed in a gap between the lower surface of the water jacket cover and the upper surface of the anode target, and the two channels are communicated with each other, so that a cooling structure surrounding the whole anode cover is formed, and the whole anode is cooled.
An X-ray tube comprising a superevaporatively cooled anode as described above.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the super-evaporation cooling anode structure provided by the invention can greatly improve the anode cooling efficiency of the fixed anode X-ray tube, thereby improving the working power of the X-ray tube, being beneficial to the miniaturization design of the X-ray tube, and having the following principle:
the invention also arranges N cooling grooves on the anode target, wherein the cooling grooves can be groove structures arranged on the surface of the anode target in the channel or structures enclosed by the convex outlines on the surface of the anode target in the channel. The cooling fluid flows into the cooling tank, and because the temperature of the anode target is higher, the small unit volume water entering the cooling tank is immediately vaporized into water vapor and sprayed out of the cooling tank, namely the water vapor is sprayed into the channelThe cooling fluid in large volume is condensed into liquid state rapidly, and then enters the cooling tank to be vaporized and sprayed out, so as to circulate. All the cooling grooves are communicated with the channel, so that the positions near the ports of the cooling grooves are always in cold fluid, and the anode target and the whole anode are prevented from being burnt due to over-temperature. Since the heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the anode target in the cooling tank is accomplished by vaporization of water, the vaporized water can carry away a large amount of heat from the anode target. At the moment, the cooling fluid flowing in the channel mainly has the function of quickly taking away the heat vaporized in the cooling tank, and the continuous vaporization conversion in the cooling tank is guaranteed. The dissipation power density of a common water-cooled anode is 40-120W/cm2The dissipation power density of the super-evaporation cooling anode structure provided by the invention can reach 1000W/cm2。
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional X-ray tube with a fixed anode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a super-evaporatively cooled anode construction of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a super-evaporatively cooled anode construction of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the super-evaporative cooling principle of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings: 1-anode seat, 2-water jacket, 3-anode cover, 4-water jacket cover, 5-anode target, 6-water inlet, 7-water-stop sheet, 8-water outlet, 9-cooling tank, A-cathode, B-shell and C-anode; the arrows in the drawings indicate the direction of water flow.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a super-evaporation cooling anode structure for fixing an anode X-ray tube, which comprises an anode target 5, wherein a cooling fluid channel is arranged on the back or inside of the anode target 5 far away from a bombardment surface; the cooling fluid is cooling water.
Example 2
The anode target structure is further improved on the basis of the embodiment 1, the channel is a pore channel structure with a regular or irregular radial section, the maximum gap of the channel is less than or equal to 10mm in the direction vertical to the contact surface of the fluid and the anode target 5, and the cross section of the whole anode target 5 is covered by one cooling fluid channel or the cross section of the anode target 5 is covered by a plurality of cooling fluid channels. In the embodiment, the whole anode target 5 back plate surface is covered by one cooling fluid channel, the flow direction of the fluid in the channel is parallel to the anode target 5 back plate surface, the channel structure is similar to a gap between two flat plates, the radial section of the channel is regular, the size of the gap in the flow direction is consistent, and the gap is 2 mm.
Example 3
The further improvement is that on the basis of the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2, the relation between the axial direction of the cooling groove 9 and the flowing direction of the fluid in the channel comprises vertical, parallel or intersecting, and the depth direction of the cooling groove 9 in the embodiment is vertical to the flowing direction of the fluid in the channel; the structure of the cooling groove 9 in the width direction is adapted to the anode target, the cooling groove 9 in the width extending direction includes a ring shape, a spiral shape or a straight bar shape, and the cooling groove 9 in this embodiment is a multi-channel linear groove structure. The width of the cooling groove 9 is less than or equal to 10mm, and the depth of the cooling groove is less than or equal to 12 mm; the interval between the adjacent cooling grooves 9 is less than or equal to 12mm, the groove width of the cooling grooves 9 is less than the groove depth, and the flow of cooling fluid in the channel is far larger than the flow in a single cooling groove 9, such as 4mm of groove width, 6mm of groove depth and 6mm of interval between the adjacent cooling grooves 9.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a super-evaporation cooling anode, which comprises a water jacket cover 4, wherein the water jacket cover 4 covers the plate surface of an anode target 5, which faces away from a bombardment surface, and a gap between the water jacket cover 4 and the anode target 5 is used as a channel of cooling fluid; the water jacket also comprises a water jacket 2, an anode seat 1, an anode cover 3 and a water-stop plate 7; the water jacket 2 is arranged in a surrounding manner along the circumferential direction of the anode cover 3, the top end of the water jacket 2 is provided with a water jacket cover 4, the bottom end of the water jacket 2 is provided with an anode seat 1, and the anode cover 3 is hermetically arranged in a sealed space of the water jacket 2, the anode seat 1 and the water jacket cover 4; a gap between the inner wall of the water jacket 2 and the outer wall of the anode cover 3 is communicated with a gap between the water jacket cover 4 and the anode target 5, and the gaps are used as channels of cooling fluid; the water jacket 2 is provided with a water inlet 6 and a water outlet 8, two water-stop plates 7 are further axially arranged between the water jacket 2 and the anode cover 3, and the water inlet 6 and the water outlet 8 are distributed on two sides of a connecting line of the water-stop plates 7. The channel design adopts the scheme provided by the embodiment 2, and the cooling groove design adopts the scheme provided by the embodiment 3.
Example 5
An X-ray tube of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 1, except that the anode C employs the super-evaporation cooled anode structure provided in embodiment 4.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A super-evaporation cooling anode comprises an anode target (5), and is characterized in that a cooling fluid channel is arranged on the back or inside, far away from a bombardment surface, of the anode target (5), N cooling grooves (9) are further arranged on the anode target (5), N is a positive integer larger than or equal to 1, and the open end of each cooling groove (9) is communicated with the channel.
2. A super-evaporatively cooled anode according to claim 1 wherein said channels are of a channel configuration having a radial cross-section of regular or irregular shape.
3. A superevaporatively cooled anode according to claim 2, characterized in that the maximum clearance of the channels in the direction perpendicular to the contact surface of the fluid and the anode target (5) is 10mm or less.
4. A superevaporatively cooled anode according to claim 1, wherein the cooling channel (9) axial relationship to the direction of fluid flow within the channel comprises perpendicular, parallel or intersecting.
5. A super-evaporatively cooled anode according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling channel (9) is adapted in its structure in the width direction to the anode target, the cooling channel (9) comprising a circular, spiral or straight strip shape in the width extension direction.
6. The super-evaporation cooled anode according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling tank (9) has a tank width of 10mm or less and a tank depth of 12mm or less; the interval between the adjacent cooling grooves (9) is less than or equal to 12 mm.
7. A superevaporatively cooled anode according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the whole anode target (5) is covered by one passage of cooling fluid or the cross-section of the anode target (5) is covered by a plurality of passages of cooling fluid.
8. A super-evaporatively cooled anode according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by further comprising a water jacket cover (4), said water jacket cover (4) covering the anode target (5) on the surface facing away from the bombardment surface, the gap between the water jacket cover (4) and the anode target (5) being used as a passage for cooling fluid.
9. The super-evaporation cooled anode according to claim 8, further comprising a water jacket (2), an anode holder (1), an anode cover (3) and a water-stop sheet (7); the water jacket (2) is arranged in a surrounding mode along the circumferential direction of the anode cover (3), the top end of the water jacket (2) is provided with a water jacket cover (4), the bottom end of the water jacket (2) is provided with an anode seat (1), and the anode cover (3) is arranged in a sealing space of the water jacket (2), the anode seat (1) and the water jacket cover (4) in a sealing mode; a gap between the inner wall of the water jacket (2) and the outer wall of the anode cover (3) is communicated with a gap between the water jacket cover (4) and the anode target (5) and is used as a channel for cooling fluid; the water jacket (2) is provided with a water inlet (6) and a water outlet (8), two water-stop plates (7) are further arranged between the water jacket (2) and the anode cover (3) along the axial direction, and the water inlet (6) and the water outlet (8) are distributed on two sides of a connecting line of the water-stop plates (7).
10. An X-ray tube comprising a superevaporatively cooled anode according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN201911282629.9A 2019-12-13 2019-12-13 Super-evaporation cooling anode Pending CN110828267A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911282629.9A CN110828267A (en) 2019-12-13 2019-12-13 Super-evaporation cooling anode

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911282629.9A CN110828267A (en) 2019-12-13 2019-12-13 Super-evaporation cooling anode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110828267A true CN110828267A (en) 2020-02-21

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201911282629.9A Pending CN110828267A (en) 2019-12-13 2019-12-13 Super-evaporation cooling anode

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN110828267A (en)

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