CN110824098A - Pipeline system for directly observing influence of nano particles on detonation limit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a pipeline system for directly observing the influence of nano particles on a detonation limit, and belongs to the technical field of detonation tests. This system blows in device, magnetic field generation system and detonation tube including high-pressure ignition system, data box, digital display record appearance, sensor, observation window, magnetic bead, and the detonation tube left side is the premixed gas entry, and the premixed gas entry sets up high-pressure ignition system, and the sensor is installed to the last opening of detonation tube, and the sensor passes through the data box and connects digital display record appearance, and the observation window is established to the detonation tube side, and detonation wave structure is directly observed to accessible schlieren method. The lower part of the detonation tube is provided with a magnetic bead blowing-in device which is arranged and connected with a magnetic field generating system. The pipeline system can measure the detonation wave propagation speed and the instantaneous pressure peak value of the nano particles under the near-limit condition and record the detonation wave structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detonation tests, in particular to a pipeline system for directly observing the influence of nano particles on a detonation limit.
Background
The self-sustaining combustion characteristic of detonation waves brings serious safety and explosion prevention problems to a plurality of combustible gas places, and the research on the propagation mechanism of detonation has great significance. The boundary condition has influence on detonation, and the detonation wave can be 0.8V when the critical limit is far awayCJThe above velocities propagate steadily, and a sudden drop in velocity is generally observed as the detonation limit is approached. The reason why the detonation is attenuated in the non-smooth pipe is that the boundary has a weakening effect on the transverse wave, and the influence of the transverse wave in the self-sustaining propagation of the detonation is not negligible. In practice, the detonation wave has a certain thickness, the internal structure of the detonation wave is complex, the wave front of the detonation wave is distorted and uneven, and weaker incident shock waves and stronger Mach rods are distributed. The transverse waves sweep the detonation wave fronts and collide with other transverse waves. During this collision, the movement of the three wave points may leave a fish-scale pattern, called a cell, on the smoke film. The results of previous studies indicate that the size of the cells is an important characteristic parameter of the multidimensional unsteady detonation wave, and the size can be used for describing the propagation characteristic of the detonation wave. As described above, the non-smooth boundary has a significant attenuation effect on the shear wave. Meanwhile, the detonation collides with the boundary in the propagation process, and the reflection of the detonation wave is weakened at the moment, so that the obvious detonation attenuation phenomenon can be observed.
The nano material can be mixed with gas to form aerogel, which has the characteristics of high void, low density and the like, and the addition of the aerogel material in detonation to efficiently inhibit detonation becomes a problem concerned by researchers. Unlike changing the boundary conditions, the tiny particles of aerogel materials can directly act as inert particles in the detonation reaction, absorb the heat of chemical reaction, reduce the effective collision of molecules, and thus weaken the detonation propagation. The particles have different thermodynamic parameters and different heat absorption capacity in the detonation reaction, and the particles with high density and specific heat capacity have better explosion suppression effect than the particles with low density and specific heat capacity to a certain extent. In addition, particle diameter is also one of the important parameters affecting the explosion suppression effect. The particle diameter is related to the limit of detonation concentration, and the particle diameter is reduced, and the limit detonation concentration is reduced. In addition, the leading shock wave may be decoupled from the reaction surface when the water vapor concentration gradient induction zone length is of the same order of magnitude. Different from the traditional explosion suppression mode, the nano particles can form aerogel in gas and directly go deep into the interior of detonation wave to influence the detonation reaction, and the explosion suppression mode is more efficient than the traditional explosion suppression mode. The attenuation effect of the self physical properties, concentration, diameter, distribution and the like of the nanoparticles on detonation is not clear, and whether the existing failure criterion is still applicable under the influence of the nanoparticles or not and the inhibition mechanism of the nanoparticles on the detonation still need to be further analyzed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a pipeline system for directly observing the influence of nano particles on the detonation limit, directly observing the influence of the nano particles on the detonation limit, and recording the detonation behaviors of different premixed gases under the influence of different nano particles.
The system comprises a high-pressure ignition system, a high-speed camera, a shading sheet, convex lenses, concave mirrors, a data box, a digital display recorder, a sensor, an observation window, a magnetic bead blowing device, a magnetic field generation system, a parallel light source and a detonation tube, wherein the front end of the detonation tube is a premixed gas inlet; the magnetic bead blowing-in device is arranged at the lower part of the detonation tube and is connected with the magnetic field generating system, and the parallel light source irradiates the detonation tube.
The magnetic beads in the magnetic bead blowing device are nano magnetic beads, the nano magnetic beads are made of materials with different specific heat capacities, the diameter of the nano magnetic beads is 1-1000nm, and the nano magnetic beads do not react with the experiment premixed gas chemically.
The magnetic bead blows in the device setting and is blowing in the end of pipe, and the magnetic bead blows in the device and can control the magnetic bead and blow in speed according to the magnetic bead of different diameters, quality, guarantees to "blow" into nanometer magnetic bead rapidly, evenly, forms the nanometer particle environment in the pipeline, avoids leading to the magnetic bead to be adsorbed by the pipe wall because of speed too big or undersize. In addition, because of the high sealed requirement of detonation experiment, the magnetic bead blows in the device and seals well, and only can the unilateral magnetic bead of allowing passes through, and the magnetic bead blows in the device high temperature and high pressure resistant, can withstand the high temperature and high pressure of detonation wave many times.
The magnetic field generating system is arranged at the tail end of the detonation tube and can control the magnetic field intensity and frequency of different positions. The magnetic field generating system can make the nano magnetic beads in the detonation tube static and uniformly distributed, and can adjust the frequency of the magnetic field to control the nano magnetic beads to uniformly accelerate or periodically reciprocate. The magnetic field generation system is provided with different channels, so that the magnetic field intensity, the frequency and the like at different positions can be controlled, and the nano magnetic beads at different positions in the detonation tube can move in different modes according to requirements in experiments so as to explore the effect of the nano magnetic beads on the detonation.
In application, the nano magnetic beads with different materials and diameters are used for carrying out experiments, the frequency and the strength of a magnetic field are set in a magnetic field generating device, and the motion states of the nano magnetic beads at different positions are controlled. And then, carrying out a detonation experiment, measuring parameters such as instantaneous pressure and speed of the detonation wave, simultaneously recording the detonation wave structure, and analyzing the influence effect of different nano magnetic beads on the detonation limit.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, the system is used in a detonation experiment, can measure the detonation wave propagation speed and the instantaneous pressure peak value when different types, concentrations and distribution conditions of nano particles are added under the near-limit condition, and records the detonation wave structure. By changing the gas proportion and combining the gas stability, the detonation kinetic parameters and the detonation structure under the conditions of fuel-lean, stoichiometric ratio and fuel-rich can be obtained. In addition, the system can also set the magnetic field frequency of different positions through the magnetic field generating system to control the motion of the nanometer magnetic beads, and compare the effect of the nanometer particles in different motion states on detonation. The method can directly observe the influence of the nano particles on detonation propagation, and has important significance for establishing explosion suppression mechanisms and failure criteria of nano materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a piping system for directly observing the effect of nanoparticles on the detonation limit according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-premix gas inlet; 2-a high-pressure ignition system; 3-high speed camera; 4, a shading sheet; 5-a convex lens; 6-concave mirror; 7-data box; 8, a digital display recorder; 9-a sensor; 10-observation window; 11-magnetic bead blowing device; 12-a magnetic field generating system; 13-a collimated light source; 14-detonation tube.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a pipeline system for directly observing the influence of nano particles on a detonation limit.
As shown in fig. 1, the system includes a high-pressure ignition system 2, a high-speed camera 3, a light shielding sheet 4, a convex lens 5, a concave mirror 6, a data box 7, a digital display recorder 8, a sensor 9, an observation window 10, a magnetic bead blowing device 11, a magnetic field generating system 12, a parallel light source 13 and a detonation tube 14, wherein the front end of the detonation tube 14 is a premixed gas inlet 1, the premixed gas inlet 1 is provided with the high-pressure ignition system 2, the detonation tube 14 is provided with the sensor 9 at an opening, the sensor 9 is connected with the digital display recorder 8 through the data box 7, the side of the detonation tube 14 is provided with the observation window 10, and the detonation wave structure can be directly observed by using the high-speed camera 3, the light shielding sheet 4, the convex lens 5, the concave mirror 6 and the parallel light source 13. The magnetic bead blowing device 11 is arranged at the lower part of the detonation tube 14, and the magnetic field generating system 12 is installed and connected.
The system can directly observe the influence effect of nano particles of different types, concentrations and distribution conditions on the detonation limit, and record the detonation wave propagation speed, the instantaneous pressure peak value and the detonation wave structure.
The magnetic beads in the magnetic bead blowing device 11 are nano magnetic beads which are made of materials with different specific heat capacities and have the diameter of 1-1000nm, and the nano magnetic beads do not have chemical reaction with the experiment premixed gas.
The magnetic bead blowing-in device 11 is arranged at the tail end of the detonation tube 14, the magnetic bead blowing-in device 11 can set blowing-in speed according to the type of the magnetic bead, nanometer magnetic beads can be blown in rapidly and uniformly, a nanometer particle environment is formed in the pipeline of the detonation tube 14, and the phenomenon that the magnetic bead is adsorbed by the tube wall due to overlarge or undersize speed is avoided. The magnetic bead blowing device is well sealed, can only allow magnetic beads to pass through in one direction, and can withstand the high temperature and high pressure of detonation waves for many times.
The magnetic field generating system 12 is disposed at the end of the detonation tube 14, and can generate magnetic fields with different strengths according to setting, so that the nano magnetic beads can be static and uniformly distributed in the detonation tube. In addition, the magnetic field generating system can also adjust the frequency of the magnetic field and control the nano magnetic beads to do uniform speed, uniform acceleration or periodic reciprocating motion. The magnetic field generation system is provided with different channels, so that the magnetic field intensity, the frequency and the like at different positions can be controlled, and the nano magnetic beads at different positions in the detonation tube can move in different modes according to requirements in experiments so as to explore the effect of the nano magnetic beads on the detonation.
In specific application, premixed gas is filled into a premixed gas inlet 1 on the left side of a detonation tube and is directly detonated by a high-pressure ignition system 2 to form stable detonation. The detonation tube 14 is opened and can be provided with a sensor 9 for recording detonation wave pressure, velocity and the like. Meanwhile, a transparent observation window 10 is opened, and a detonation wave structure is recorded by using a high-speed camera 3. Before the experiment begins, the detonation tube 14 is evacuated, and then a certain amount of premixed gas is injected; then, quickly and uniformly blowing the preselected nano magnetic beads into the tube; then, adjusting the magnetic field generating system 12, and setting current frequencies of different channels to control the distribution state of the nano magnetic beads; and finally, igniting to form detonation to complete the experiment, and recording the velocity, the pressure peak value and the structure of the detonation wave.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A pipeline system for directly observing the influence of nano particles on detonation limit is characterized in that: comprises a high-pressure ignition system (2), a high-speed camera (3), a shading sheet (4), a convex lens (5), a concave mirror (6), a data box (7), a digital display recorder (8), a sensor (9), an observation window (10), a magnetic bead blowing device (11), a magnetic field generating system (12), a parallel light source (13) and a detonation tube (14), the front end of the detonation tube (14) is provided with a premixed gas inlet (1), the premixed gas inlet (1) is provided with a high-pressure ignition system (2), the upper opening of the detonation tube (14) is provided with a sensor (9), the sensor (9) is connected with a digital display recorder (8) through a data box (7), the side surface of the detonation tube (14) is provided with an observation window (10), directly observing the detonation wave structure by using a high-speed camera (3), a shading sheet (4), a convex lens (5), a concave mirror (6) and a parallel light source (13) through a schlieren method; the magnetic bead blowing device (11) is arranged at the lower part of the detonation tube (14), and the magnetic bead blowing device is connected with the magnetic field generating system (12).
2. The conduit system for direct observation of nanoparticle effects on detonation limit of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic beads in the magnetic bead blowing-in device (11) are nano magnetic beads, the nano magnetic beads are made of materials with different specific heat capacities, the diameter of the nano magnetic beads is 1-1000nm, and the nano magnetic beads do not generate chemical reaction with experiment premixed gas.
3. The conduit system for direct observation of nanoparticle effects on detonation limit of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic bead blowing-in device (11) is arranged at the tail end of the detonation tube (14), the magnetic bead blowing-in device (11) can control the blowing-in speed of the magnetic beads, the magnetic bead blowing-in device (11) only allows nanometer magnetic beads to pass through in a single direction, and the magnetic bead blowing-in device (11) is high-temperature and high-pressure resistant.
4. The conduit system for direct observation of nanoparticle effects on detonation limit of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic field generating system (12) is arranged at the tail end of the detonation tube (14), and the magnetic field generating system (12) can control the magnetic field intensity and frequency of different positions.
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| CN111982760A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-24 | 北京理工大学 | Detonation wave loading experimental device |
| CN111982759A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-24 | 北京理工大学 | Explosive wave loading experimental device |
| CN113063920A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-02 | 北京理工大学 | Small-size variable-cross-section rectangular detonation tube with wave rectifier and optical observation window |
| CN113341062A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-03 | 北京科技大学 | Pipeline system and method for directly observing detonation of atomized kerosene on combustible premixed gas |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111982760A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-24 | 北京理工大学 | Detonation wave loading experimental device |
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| CN111982759B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2023-08-22 | 北京理工大学 | Explosive wave loading experimental device |
| CN113063920A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-02 | 北京理工大学 | Small-size variable-cross-section rectangular detonation tube with wave rectifier and optical observation window |
| CN113341062A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-03 | 北京科技大学 | Pipeline system and method for directly observing detonation of atomized kerosene on combustible premixed gas |
| CN113341062B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-09-13 | 北京科技大学 | Pipeline system and method for directly observing detonation of atomized kerosene on combustible premixed gas |
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