CN110823408B - Pressure type thermometer based on friction nano generator and temperature measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Pressure type thermometer based on friction nano generator and temperature measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/02—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using evaporation or sublimation, e.g. by observing boiling
- G01K11/04—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using evaporation or sublimation, e.g. by observing boiling from material contained in a hollow body having parts which are deformable or displaceable under the pressure developed by the vapour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/02—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/02—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers
- G01K1/024—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers for remote indication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure type thermometer based on a friction nano generator and a temperature measuring method thereof, wherein the pressure type thermometer comprises: the temperature sensing device comprises a temperature sensing working medium, a liquid friction medium, an isolation medium, a gas buffer medium, a temperature sensing shell and a solid friction medium, wherein the liquid friction medium, the isolation medium and the gas buffer medium are sealed so as not to cause leakage of the temperature sensing working medium; the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium is obtained through the potential of the electrode layer, and online real-time temperature measurement can be realized; the structure is simple and is not easily influenced by local atmospheric pressure; the measurement result is convenient for long-distance transmission; the temperature can still be read in situ with a complete power down. The temperature-sensing working medium converts mechanical energy of the temperature-sensing working medium into electric potential energy in the temperature measurement process and realizes self-powered temperature measurement, has the advantages of simple structure, high precision, real-time measurement, self-powered performance, environmental protection, high efficiency and the like, and has important application prospects in the fields of material science, medical health, environmental science, chemical industry and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pressure thermometers, and particularly relates to a self-powered pressure thermometer based on a friction nano generator and a temperature measuring method thereof.
Background
Under the big background of the internet plus, the cross fusion of information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and the internet of things is gradually building a character interaction network integrating informatization, remote control and intellectualization, and a great variety of information and a great amount of information provide new requirements for related sensors. In the fields of nanotechnology, biomedicine, pharmaceutical industry and the like, research on the aspects of nano material thermophysical properties, animal metabolism, protein folding and the like needs to be carried out by means of a high-precision temperature sensor which can realize online measurement without external energy supply. Compared with other thermometers, the pressure type thermometer is based on the Dalton saturated vapor pressure law, the temperature measurement is realized by measuring the pressure which is spontaneously changed after the temperature of the temperature sensing working medium changes by utilizing the one-to-one correspondence relationship between the saturated temperature and the saturated vapor pressure of the temperature sensing working medium, and the pressure type thermometer has the characteristics of simple structure, high precision, real-time measurement and self-energy supply. When the saturated vapor pressure of the temperature sensing working medium of the traditional pressure type thermometer changes, the elastic element is driven to deform, and the displacement of the free end of the elastic element is converted into a temperature indicated value by a gear amplification mechanism. Because the elastic element is generally made of metal materials, the traditional pressure type thermometer is easily influenced by the ambient temperature and the local atmospheric pressure, the accuracy of the temperature measurement signal is not high, and the temperature measurement signal can only be read in situ. In order to meet the requirements of high precision and real-time measurement, an additional precision instrument is often required to obtain the pressure information of the temperature sensing working medium by continuously applying an external excitation signal.
The working principle of the friction nanometer generator is based on the coupling of the friction electrification effect and the static induction effect, when two materials with difference in the triboelectric sequence are in mutual contact and move relatively, the contact surfaces of the two materials can carry static charges with opposite signs, and when the two materials are separated, the static charges on the contact surfaces still can be kept and carry certain potential, so that the friction nanometer generator has the capability of doing work outwards. Many fluids have excellent triboelectric properties, when the fluids are contacted and separated with an insulating high polymer material, mechanical energy can be converted into electric energy, and the liquid-solid friction nano generator can establish a corresponding relation between displacement (mechanical energy) caused by the change of fluid motion/physical property parameters and electric signals generated by friction, so that the real-time detection of the fluid motion/physical property parameters is realized. The liquid-solid friction nano generator with low cost and simple structure is utilized to realize the pressure measurement of the temperature sensing working medium in the pressure type thermometer, the required temperature sensing working medium is less in use amount, no elastic element is provided, the temperature measurement result is irrelevant to the local atmospheric pressure, the resolution of the temperature value is higher, the remote real-time transmission can be realized, and the liquid-solid friction nano generator has important application prospect in the development of temperature sensors required for constructing character interaction networks in numerous fields such as material science, medical health, environmental science, chemical industry and the like.
In view of this, the present invention provides a pressure thermometer based on a friction nano-generator and a temperature measuring method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pressure type thermometer based on a friction nano generator and a temperature measuring method thereof, wherein the thermometer has the characteristics of simple structure, high precision, real-time measurement and self-energy supply, and can be widely used for temperature monitoring and analysis in the fields of material science, medical health, environmental science, chemical industry and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pressure type thermometer based on a friction nano-generator and a temperature measuring method thereof, the thermometer comprising: the temperature sensing working medium can sense the external temperature and spontaneously contract or expand; the liquid friction medium can sense the driving action of the temperature sensing working medium and move; a separation medium capable of sensing the movement of the liquid friction medium and moving together; a gas buffer media capable of sensing the motion of the isolation media and equalizing pressure by contraction or expansion; the temperature sensing shell can sense the external temperature change and plays a role in bearing the temperature sensing working medium; the solid friction medium is used for always keeping direct contact with the liquid friction medium and generating friction in the process of contracting or expanding the temperature sensing working medium, and a potential difference is generated between the solid friction medium and the liquid friction medium in the process of friction; the electrode layer is arranged on the outer surface of the solid friction medium and is used for sensing a friction electric signal of the liquid friction medium and the solid friction medium; and the external protective shell plays a role in protecting the solid friction medium and the electrode layer and accommodating part of the gas buffer medium.
The pressure type thermometer based on the friction nanometer generator and the temperature measuring method thereof reflect the measured temperature according to the pressure change after the temperature of the temperature sensing working medium in the closed container is changed; the temperature sensing shell is directly contacted with a substance to be tested, the temperature sensing working medium has different saturated vapor pressures for expansion or contraction due to temperature change, and finally the pressure is balanced by the gas buffer medium. The temperature sensing working medium drives the liquid friction medium and the solid friction medium to generate relative motion and generate a friction electric signal due to the coupling effect of the friction effect and the electrostatic induction, and the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium can be determined and the measured value of the temperature of the substance to be measured can be obtained by measuring the electric potential of the electrode layer. In addition, the outer protective shell is provided with a temperature scale, so that a temperature signal can be read in situ.
Preferably, the temperature sensing shell, the solid friction medium and the external protection shell together form a closed space, the temperature sensing working medium fills the inner space of the temperature sensing shell, and the liquid friction medium, the isolation medium and the gas buffer medium are sequentially arranged behind the temperature sensing working medium. The gas buffer medium fills the inner space of the outer protective housing.
Preferably, the temperature sensing shell is made of heat conducting materials such as red copper, stainless steel, borosilicate glass and the like; the temperature sensing working medium can be made of fluids such as n-pentane, isopentane and dichloromethane; the liquid friction medium and the temperature sensing working medium are immiscible and can be fluid materials such as water, ethanol, mercury and the like; the material of the solid friction medium and the material of the liquid friction medium have difference in triboelectric sequence, and can be insulating materials such as borosilicate glass, polyamide, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polychlorinated ether, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile and the like; the isolation medium is immiscible with the liquid friction medium and can be fluid materials such as methyl phenyl silicone oil, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and the like; the gas buffer medium and the isolation medium are immiscible and can be fluid materials such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air and the like; the electrode layer can be made of conductive materials such as copper, silver, gold and the like; the outer protective shell may be a rigid material such as copper, stainless steel, borosilicate glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like.
Preferably, the temperature at which the temperature-sensitive case is located is set to the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminSlowly raising the temperature to the temperature measurement upper limit temperature TmaxDuring the calibration, the liquid friction medium is gradually filled in the solid friction medium region wrapped by the electrode layer, the displacement of the liquid friction medium and the corresponding experimental data of the electrode layer potential in the calibration process are recorded, and a functional relation between the displacement of the liquid friction medium and the electrode layer potential can be obtained by fitting a formula (1):
x＝au (1)
in the formula: x is the lower limit temperature T of the liquid friction medium relative to the temperature sensing shellminThe amount of displacement in time; a is a fitting parameter; u is the electrode layer potential.
Preferably, in the temperature measurement process, a certain amount of the gas buffer medium is ensured to be always present in the solid friction medium, and according to the mass conservation law, the density of the gas buffer medium satisfies the formula (2):
in the formula: rhogasThe density of the gas buffer medium is the density of the gas buffer medium when the temperature sensing working medium and the substance to be detected are in thermal balance; rhogas,0When the temperature sensing shell is at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminThe density of the gas buffer medium; vgas,outThe volume of the gas buffer medium between the outer protective shell and the solid friction medium; l isgas,0When the temperature sensing shell is at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminThe length of the gas buffer medium within the solid friction medium; s is the cross-sectional area of the solid friction medium; x is the displacement of the gas buffer medium in the solid friction medium and is equal to the displacement of the liquid friction medium.
Preferably, when the temperature sensing shell is at the lower limit temperature T of temperature measurementminWhen the displacement of the gas friction medium is 0, the density of the gas buffer medium satisfies the formula (3):
ρgas,0＝f2[T0,f1(Tmin)](3)
in the formula: t is0Is ambient temperature; t isminThe lower limit temperature of temperature measurement is set; function f1Representing a relation formula for solving saturation pressure according to the known saturation temperature of the temperature sensing working medium; function f2Representing a known relationship between the temperature and the pressure of the gas buffer medium for density determination.
Preferably, when the temperature sensing shell is at the upper limit temperature T of temperature measurementmaxThe volume of the gas buffer medium between the outer protective shell and the solid friction medium should satisfy formula (4):
Vgas,out＝ρgas,0Lgas,0S-ρgas,e(Lgas,0-Lelectrode)S (4)
in the formula: rhogas,eWhen the temperature sensing shell is at the upper limit temperature T of temperature measurementmaxThe density of the gas buffer medium; l iselectrodeIs the length of the electrode layer.
Preferably, a final temperature measurement equation (5) can be obtained according to the phase balance data of the temperature sensing working medium and the state equation of the gas buffer medium:
in the formula: t is the measured value of the temperature of the substance to be measured; function f3Representing a relation of known temperature and density of the gas buffer medium to pressure; function f4Representing the relation of the known saturation pressure of the temperature sensing working medium to the saturation temperature.
Preferably, the pressure type thermometer based on the friction nano generator and the temperature measuring method thereof comprise a preparation and correction process and a temperature measuring data processing process, wherein,
preferably, the pressure thermometer based on the friction nano generator and the temperature measuring method thereof comprise the following steps:
1) the preparation process. At said ambient temperature T0And then, selecting the temperature sensing shell with smaller inner diameter and the solid friction medium, and injecting the temperature sensing working medium into the temperature sensing shell. Changing the temperature of the temperature sensing shell, simultaneously adjusting the external pressure to be the saturation pressure of the temperature sensing working medium, and recording the temperature of the temperature sensing shell as the temperature measurement lower limit temperature T when the temperature sensing working medium is in a saturated liquid state and a saturated gas stateminAnd upper limit temperature T of temperature measurementmaxAnd determining the length of the liquid friction medium and the length of the electrode layer according to the volume change of the temperature sensing working medium in the period. When the temperature sensing shell is at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminWhen the temperature sensing working medium is completely the temperature sensing working medium, a certain amount of the isolation medium and the gas buffer medium are injected into the solid friction medium next to the liquid friction medium in sequence, and the temperature sensing working medium is completely the temperature sensing working mediumWhen the temperature sensing working medium is in a saturated gas state, the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium is equal to the pressure of the gas buffer medium, and the volume V of the gas buffer medium between the external protective shell and the solid friction medium can be obtainedgas,outAnd sealing the external protective shell.
2) And (5) a calibration process. The temperature of the temperature sensing working medium is measured from the temperature lower limit temperature TminSlowly rises to the upper limit temperature T of temperature measurementmaxAnd gradually changing the temperature sensing working medium from a fully saturated liquid state to a gas-liquid coexisting state and finally completely changing the temperature sensing working medium into a saturated gas state, gradually filling the liquid friction medium into the internal area of the solid friction medium corresponding to the electrode layer during the period, recording the displacement x of the liquid friction medium and the corresponding experimental data of the electrode layer potential u, and fitting to obtain the functional relation between the displacement x of the liquid friction medium and the electrode layer potential u.
Preferably, the pressure thermometer based on the friction nano-generator and the temperature measuring method thereof, wherein the temperature measuring data processing process comprises the following steps after the preparation and correction process:
a) fully contacting the temperature sensing shell with a substance to be detected and ensuring that the gas buffer medium is at an ambient temperature T0And when the electrode layer potential u does not change any more, obtaining the displacement x of the liquid friction medium relative to the temperature sensing working medium when the liquid friction medium is in a liquid state completely according to the functional relation between the displacement x of the liquid friction medium and the electrode layer potential u.
b) The liquid friction medium is at the lower limit temperature T of temperature measurement relative to the temperature sensing shellminOn the basis of the time displacement X, because the displacement X of the gas friction medium in the solid friction medium is equal to the displacement X of the liquid friction medium, and the pressures of the gas buffer medium and the temperature sensing working medium are always consistent, a relational expression f is obtained based on the phase balance data of the temperature sensing working medium and the state equation of the gas buffer medium1And f2Determining that the temperature sensing shell is at the lower limit temperature T of temperature measurementminDensity p of the gas buffer mediumgas,0And the gas buffer medium is arranged between the temperature sensing working medium and the object to be detectedDensity of mass at thermal equilibrium ρgas。
c) Obtaining the density rho of the gas buffer medium when the temperature sensing working medium and the substance to be measured are in thermal balancegasBased on the ambient temperature T0Determining the relation f by the state equation of the gas buffer medium3Determining a relation f based on the phase balance data of the temperature sensing working medium4And because the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium and the pressure of the gas buffer medium are always kept consistent, the saturation temperature of the temperature sensing working medium, namely the measured value T of the temperature of the substance to be measured, is obtained. According to the functional relation between the electrode layer potential u and the temperature measurement value T of the substance to be measured, and the functional relation between the displacement x of the liquid friction medium and the electrode layer potential u, temperature scales can be marked on the outer surface of the external protection shell, and the temperature signal can be read in place.
The pressure type thermometer and the temperature measuring method thereof are based on the friction nano power generation technology, and the temperature sensing working medium is not leaked by utilizing the sealing of the liquid friction medium, the isolation medium and the gas buffer medium; the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium is obtained through the electrode layer potential, and online real-time temperature measurement can be realized; the structure is simple and is not influenced by local atmospheric pressure; the measurement result is convenient for long-distance transmission; the temperature can still be read in situ with a complete power down. The invention converts the mechanical energy of the temperature sensing working medium into the potential energy in the temperature measuring process and realizes the temperature measurement, has the advantages of simple structure, high precision, real-time measurement, self-energy supply, environmental protection, high efficiency and the like, and has important application prospect in the fields of material science, medical health, environmental science, chemical industry and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a pressure thermometer of the present invention;
the symbols used in the drawings have the following meanings: 1 is a temperature sensing shell; 2 is a solid friction medium; 3 is a temperature sensing working medium; 4 is a liquid friction medium; 5 is a release medium; 6 is a gas buffer medium; 7 is an electrode layer; and 8 is an outer protective shell.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the displacement of the gas buffer medium 6 in the solid friction medium as a function of the potential of the electrode layer 7.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the potential of the electrode layer 7 as a function of the measured temperature for the pressure thermometer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the pressure thermometer based on a friction nano-generator of the present invention comprises: the temperature sensing working medium 3 can sense the external temperature and spontaneously contract or expand; the liquid friction medium 4 can sense the driving action of the temperature sensing working medium 3 and move; a separation medium 5 capable of sensing the movement of the liquid friction medium 4 and moving together therewith; a gas buffer medium 6 capable of sensing the movement of the isolation medium 5 and equalizing the pressure by contraction or expansion; the temperature sensing shell 1 can sense the external temperature change and plays a role in bearing the temperature sensing working medium 3; the solid friction medium 2 is used for being always in direct contact with the liquid friction medium 4 and generating friction in the process of contraction or expansion of the temperature sensing working medium 3, and a potential difference is generated between the solid friction medium 2 and the liquid friction medium 4 in the process of friction; the electrode layer is arranged on the outer surface of the solid friction medium 2 and is used for sensing a friction electric signal of the solid friction medium 2 and the liquid friction medium 6; and the outer protective shell plays a role of protecting the solid friction medium 2, the electrode layer 7 and a bearing part of the gas buffer medium 6.
In this embodiment, the temperature sensing shell 1 is red copper, the temperature sensing working medium 3 is n-pentane, the liquid friction medium 4 is water, the solid friction medium 2 is polytetrafluoroethylene, the isolation medium 5 is methyl phenyl silicone oil, the gas buffer medium 6 is nitrogen, the electrode layer 7 is copper, and the external protection shell 8 is borosilicate glass.
The pressure type thermometer based on the friction nano generator and the temperature measuring method thereof have the advantages that the preparation and calibration process comprises the following steps:
1) the preparation process. The ambient temperature T0298.15K, the inner diameters of the temperature sensing shell 1 and the solid friction medium 2 are 1.5mm, and 0.69mg of the temperature sensing working medium 3 is injected into the temperature sensing shell 1. Changing the temperature of the temperature sensing shell 1, adjusting the external pressure to be the saturation pressure of the temperature sensing working medium 3, and when the temperature sensing working medium 3 is in a saturated liquid state and a saturated gas state, the temperature of the temperature sensing shell 1 is the lower limit temperature T of temperature measurement respectivelymin298.15K and upper temperature limit Tmax318.15K, during which the temperature sensing working medium 3 expands 158.1 times in volume, the length of the liquid friction medium 4 and the length of the electrode layer 7 should be 100.0 mm. When the temperature sensing shell 1 is at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminWhile, 3.5 μ L of the release medium 5 and a length L are injected into the solid friction medium 4 next to the liquid friction mediumgas,0The volume V of the gas buffer medium between the external protective shell 8 and the solid friction medium 2 is equal to the pressure of the gas buffer medium 6 because the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium 3 is equal to the pressure of the gas buffer medium 6 when the temperature sensing working medium 3 is in a saturated gas stategas,outThe outer protective casing 8 should be sealed at 0.32 mL.
2) And (5) a calibration process. And slowly increasing the temperature of the temperature sensing working medium 3 from 298.15K to 318.15K, gradually changing the temperature sensing working medium 3 from a fully saturated liquid state to a gas-liquid coexisting state, and finally, completely changing the temperature sensing working medium 3 to a saturated gas state, gradually filling the liquid friction medium 4 into the inner area of the solid friction medium 2 corresponding to the electrode layer 7 during the period, recording the displacement of the liquid friction medium 4 and the corresponding experimental data of the potential of the electrode layer 7, and fitting to obtain a functional relation between the displacement x of the liquid friction medium 4 and the potential u of the electrode layer 7, wherein u is 0.0066 x.
The pressure type thermometer based on the friction nano generator and the temperature measuring method thereof have the advantages that after the temperature measuring data processing process is carried out in the preparation and correction processes, the temperature measuring data processing process comprises the following steps:
a) fully contacting the temperature sensing shell 1 with a substance to be detected and ensuring that the gas buffer medium 6 is at the ambient temperature T0When the electric potential of the electrode layer 7 is not changed any more, the functional relation between the displacement x of the liquid friction medium 4 and the electric potential u of the electrode layer 7 is used to obtain the temperature of the liquid friction medium 4 at the lower limit temperature T relative to the temperature sensing shell 1minThe displacement x of the time.
b) The liquid friction medium 4 is at the lower limit temperature T relative to the temperature sensing shell 1minOn the basis of the time displacement X, because the displacement X of the gas friction medium 6 in the solid friction medium 2 is equal to the displacement X of the liquid friction medium 4, and the pressures of the gas buffer medium 6 and the temperature sensing working medium 3 are always consistent, a relation f is obtained based on the phase balance data of the temperature sensing working medium 3 and the state equation of the gas buffer medium 61＝0.0027Tmin-0.7455 and f2＝0.003984T0+0.023549Tmin7.514251, when the temperature sensing shell 1 is at the lower limit temperature TminDensity p of the gas buffer medium 6gas,0＝0.772kg/m3The density rho ═ rho of the gas buffer medium 6 when the temperature sensing working medium 3 and the substance to be measured are in thermal equilibrium can be obtainedgas,0(Vgas,out+Lgas,0S)/[Vgas,out+(Lgas,0-XS)]。
c) Based on the obtained density rho of the gas buffer medium 6 when the temperature sensing working medium 3 and the substance to be measured are in thermal balance, the temperature sensing working medium is based on the environmental temperature T0Determining the relation f by the state equation of the gas buffer medium 63Determining a relation f based on the phase balance data of the temperature sensing working medium 3, wherein the relation is 0.0885+0.00002 rho4＝267.33+530.94f3-1159.3(f3)2Because the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium 3 and the pressure of the gas buffer medium 6 are always kept consistent, the saturation temperature of the temperature sensing working medium 3 is the measured value T of the temperature of the substance to be measured. The functional relationship between the measured value T of the temperature of the substance to be measured and the potential of the electrode layer 7 is shown in FIG. 3, in combination with the liquidThe functional relation between the displacement of the friction medium and the electric potential of the electrode layer can mark a temperature scale on the outer surface of the external protection shell, so that the temperature signal can be read in situ.
The pressure type thermometer based on the friction nano generator and the temperature measuring method thereof are checked before use: (1) the temperature of the substance to be detected is in the temperature range of all liquefaction and all gasification of the temperature sensing working medium 3; (2) the solid friction medium 2 of the pressure type temperature sensor is easy to break and leak, is not laid in a place which is easy to damage and wear when being installed, is fixed by a clamp after being slightly tensioned by selecting a proper position, is protected by angle iron, and a turning part can not form a right angle.
In the temperature measurement, the temperature sensing shell 1 is directly contacted with an object to be measured, and the object to be measured is placed in the environment. The temperature sensing working medium 3 changes with the change of temperature and the pressure, drives the liquid friction medium 4 and the solid friction medium 2 to move relatively and generate a friction electric signal. Driven by the liquid friction medium 4 and the isolation medium 5, the volume of the gas buffer medium 6 changes until the pressures of all parts in the solid friction medium 2 are equal and are the saturation pressures corresponding to the temperature of the temperature sensing working medium 3.
After the temperature measurement is finished, the pressure type thermometer is placed in the environment, the temperature of the temperature sensing shell 1 and the temperature sensing working medium 3 is changed under the influence of the environment temperature, so that the liquid friction medium 2 and the solid friction medium 4 move relatively, and the volume of the gas buffer medium 6 is changed. After the temperature sensing shell 1, the temperature sensing working medium 3 and the substance to be measured reach thermal equilibrium, the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium 3 does not change any more, the liquid friction medium 2 stops moving at a certain section of the electrode layer 7, and the electric potential of the electrode layer 7 at the moment can obtain the measured value of the environmental temperature.
The temperature sensing shell 1, the temperature sensing working medium 3, the liquid friction medium 2, the solid friction medium 4, the isolation medium 5, the gas buffer medium 6, the electrode layer 7 and the external protection shell 8 in the pressure type thermometer based on the friction nano generator and the temperature measuring method thereof are all made of conventional materials, and the price is low. The pressure type thermometer based on the friction nano generator is sealed by the liquid friction medium, the isolation medium and the gas buffer medium, so that the temperature sensing working medium is prevented from leaking; the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium is obtained through the electrode layer potential, and online real-time temperature measurement can be realized; the structure is simple and is not easily influenced by local atmospheric pressure; the measurement result is convenient for long-distance transmission; the temperature can still be read in situ with a complete power down. The temperature-sensing working medium converts mechanical energy of the temperature-sensing working medium into electric potential energy in the temperature measurement process and realizes self-powered temperature measurement, has the advantages of simple structure, high precision, real-time measurement, self-powered performance, environmental protection, high efficiency and the like, and has important application prospects in the fields of material science, medical health, environmental science, chemical industry and the like.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A pressure type thermometer based on a friction nanometer generator comprises a temperature sensing working medium, a liquid friction medium, an isolation medium, a gas buffer medium, a temperature sensing shell, a solid friction medium, an electrode layer and an external protection shell, it is characterized in that the temperature sensing shell is directly connected with the solid friction medium, the external protection shell wraps the solid friction medium and is connected with the contact point of the solid friction medium and the temperature sensing shell, the temperature sensing shell, the solid friction medium and the external protection shell jointly form a closed space, the temperature sensing working medium is filled in the inner space of the temperature sensing shell, the liquid friction medium, the isolation medium and the gas buffer medium are arranged behind the temperature sensing working medium in sequence, the gas buffer medium fills the inner space of the outer protective shell, and the electrode layer is arranged on the outer surface of the solid friction medium.
2. The friction nanogenerator-based pressure thermometer of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensing housing is made of copper, stainless steel, borosilicate glass heat conducting material; the temperature sensing working medium can be made of fluids of n-pentane, isopentane and dichloromethane; the liquid friction medium and the temperature sensing working medium are immiscible and can be water, ethanol and mercury fluid materials; the material of the solid friction medium and the material of the liquid friction medium have difference in triboelectric sequence and can be borosilicate glass, polyamide, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polychlorinated ether, polyurethane and polyacrylonitrile insulating materials; the isolating medium and the liquid friction medium are immiscible and can be methyl phenyl silicone oil, carbon tetrachloride and benzene fluid materials; the gas buffer medium and the isolation medium are immiscible and can be nitrogen, carbon dioxide and air fluid materials; the electrode layer can be made of copper, silver or gold conductive materials; the outer protective shell may be copper, stainless steel, borosilicate glass, polytetrafluoroethylene rigid material.
3. The temperature measuring method of the pressure type thermometer based on the friction nanometer generator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the preparation process, the temperature sensing working medium is injected into the temperature sensing shell, the temperature of the temperature sensing shell is changed, the external pressure is adjusted to be the saturation pressure of the temperature sensing working medium, when the temperature sensing working medium is in a saturated liquid state and a saturated gas state, the temperature of the temperature sensing shell is recorded as a temperature measurement lower limit temperature and a temperature measurement upper limit temperature, the using amount of the liquid friction medium is equal to the volume change amount of the temperature sensing working medium from the saturated liquid state at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature to the saturated gas state at the temperature measurement upper limit temperature, the length of the electrode layer is equal to the length of the liquid friction medium, the position of the electrode layer is required to meet the condition that the liquid friction medium just can contact the solid friction medium area wrapped by the electrode layer from the direction of the temperature sensing working medium when the temperature sensing shell is in the temperature measurement lower limit temperature, and the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium and the pressure of the Determining the usage amount of the gas buffer medium, and sealing the external protective shell after the temperature sensing working medium, the liquid friction medium, the isolation medium and the gas buffer medium are injected in sequence;
step two: the temperature of the temperature sensing shell is measured from the lower limit temperature TminSlowly raising the temperature to the temperature measurement upper limit temperature TmaxDuring the calibration, the liquid friction medium is gradually filled in the solid friction medium region wrapped by the electrode layer, the displacement of the liquid friction medium and the corresponding experimental data of the electrode layer potential in the calibration process are recorded, and a functional relation between the displacement of the liquid friction medium and the electrode layer potential can be obtained by fitting a formula (1):
x＝au (1)
in the formula: x is the lower limit temperature T of the liquid friction medium relative to the temperature sensing shellminThe displacement amount of time, a is a fitting parameter, and u is an electrode layer potential;
step three: determining the measured value of the temperature of the substance to be measured, ensuring that the gas buffer medium always exists in the solid friction medium in the temperature measuring process, wherein the density of the gas buffer medium meets the formula (2) according to the mass conservation law:
in the formula: rhogasThe density, rho, of the gas buffer medium is when the temperature sensing working medium and the substance to be measured are in thermal equilibriumgas,0When the temperature sensing shell is at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminDensity of the gas buffer medium, Vgas,outIs the volume, L, of the gas buffer medium between the outer protective shell and the solid friction mediumgas,0When the temperature sensing shell is at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminWhile in the solid friction mediumThe length of the gas buffer medium, S is the cross-sectional area of the solid friction medium, and X is the displacement of the gas buffer medium in the solid friction medium, which is equal to the displacement of the liquid friction medium;
when the temperature sensing shell is at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminWhen the displacement of the gas friction medium is 0, the density of the gas buffer medium satisfies the formula (3):
ρgas,0＝f2[T0,f1(Tmin)](3)
in the formula: t is0Is ambient temperature, TminFor temperature measurement, lower limit temperature, function f1A function f representing the relation of the known saturation temperature of the temperature sensing working medium to the saturation pressure2Representing a relation of known temperature and pressure density of the gas buffer medium;
when the temperature sensing shell is at the upper limit temperature T of temperature measurementmaxThe volume of the gas buffer medium between the outer protective shell and the solid friction medium should satisfy formula (4):
Vgas,out＝ρgas,0Lgas,0S-ρgas,e(Lgas,0-Lelectrode)S (4)
in the formula: rhogas,eWhen the temperature sensing shell is at the upper limit temperature T of temperature measurementmaxThe density of the gas buffer medium, LelectrodeIs the length of the electrode layer;
according to the phase balance data of the temperature sensing working medium and the state equation of the gas buffer medium, a final temperature measurement equation (5) can be obtained through a temperature measurement data processing process:
in the formula: t is the measured value of the temperature of the substance to be measured, function f3Function f representing the relationship between the temperature and the density of the known gas buffer medium and the pressure4Representing the relation of the known saturation pressure of the temperature sensing working medium to the saturation temperature.
4. The temperature measuring method of the pressure type thermometer based on the friction nanometer generator as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation process comprises: at said ambient temperature T0Selecting the temperature sensing shell with smaller inner diameter and the solid friction medium, injecting the temperature sensing working medium into the temperature sensing shell, changing the temperature of the temperature sensing shell, simultaneously adjusting the external pressure to be the saturation pressure of the temperature sensing working medium, and recording the temperature of the temperature sensing shell as the temperature measurement lower limit temperature T when the temperature sensing working medium is in a saturated liquid state and a saturated gas state respectivelyminAnd upper limit temperature T of temperature measurementmaxDetermining the length of the liquid friction medium and the length of the electrode layer according to the volume change of the temperature sensing working medium in the period; when the temperature sensing shell is at the temperature measurement lower limit temperature TminWhen the temperature sensing working medium is completely in a saturated gas state, the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium is equal to the pressure of the gas buffer medium, and the volume V of the gas buffer medium between the external protective shell and the solid friction medium can be obtainedgas,outAnd sealing the external protective shell.
5. The temperature measurement method of the pressure type thermometer based on the friction nanometer generator as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calibration process comprises: the temperature of the temperature sensing working medium is measured from the temperature lower limit temperature TminSlowly rises to the upper limit temperature T of temperature measurementmaxAnd gradually changing the temperature sensing working medium from a fully saturated liquid state to a gas-liquid coexisting state and finally completely changing the temperature sensing working medium into a saturated gas state, gradually filling the liquid friction medium into the internal area of the solid friction medium corresponding to the electrode layer during the period, recording the displacement x of the liquid friction medium and the corresponding experimental data of the electrode layer potential u, and fitting to obtain the functional relation between the displacement x of the liquid friction medium and the electrode layer potential u.
6. The temperature measurement method of the pressure type thermometer based on the friction nanometer generator as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature measurement data processing process comprises: fully contacting the temperature sensing shell with a substance to be detected and ensuring that the gas buffer medium is at an ambient temperature T0When the electrode layer potential u is not changed any more, obtaining the displacement x of the liquid friction medium relative to the temperature sensing working medium when the liquid friction medium is in a liquid state completely according to the functional relation between the displacement x of the liquid friction medium and the electrode layer potential u; the liquid friction medium is at the lower limit temperature T of temperature measurement relative to the temperature sensing shellminOn the basis of the time displacement X, because the displacement X of the gas friction medium in the solid friction medium is equal to the displacement X of the liquid friction medium, and the pressures of the gas buffer medium and the temperature sensing working medium are always consistent, a relational expression f is obtained based on the phase balance data of the temperature sensing working medium and the state equation of the gas buffer medium1And f2(ii) a Determining that the temperature sensing shell is at the lower limit temperature T of temperature measurementminDensity p of the gas buffer mediumgas,0And the density rho of the gas buffer medium when the temperature sensing working medium and the substance to be detected are in thermal balancegasAnd when the temperature sensing working medium and the substance to be measured are in thermal balance, the density rho of the gas buffer medium is obtainedgasBased on the ambient temperature T0Determining the relation f by the state equation of the gas buffer medium3Determining a relation f based on the phase balance data of the temperature sensing working medium4(ii) a Because the pressure of the temperature sensing working medium and the pressure of the gas buffer medium are always kept consistent, the saturation temperature of the temperature sensing working medium, namely the measured value T of the temperature of the substance to be measured, is obtained; according to the functional relation between the electrode layer potential u and the temperature measurement value T of the substance to be measured, and the functional relation between the displacement x of the liquid friction medium and the electrode layer potential u, temperature scales can be marked on the outer surface of the external protection shell, and the temperature signal can be read in place.
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