CN110822749B - Waste heat utilization system of supercritical water oxidation device and working method thereof - Google Patents

Waste heat utilization system of supercritical water oxidation device and working method thereof Download PDF

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CN110822749B
CN110822749B CN201910969267.4A CN201910969267A CN110822749B CN 110822749 B CN110822749 B CN 110822749B CN 201910969267 A CN201910969267 A CN 201910969267A CN 110822749 B CN110822749 B CN 110822749B
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CN110822749A (en
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王树众
张熠姝
杨健乔
徐甜甜
杨闯
崔成超
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste heat utilization system of a supercritical water oxidation device and a working method thereof, belonging to the technical field of chemical industry and environmental protection. The system comprises a steam generating unit, a high-pressure waste heat treatment unit, a low-pressure waste heat treatment unit, a heat collector, a user heating unit and a cooling water recycling unit. According to the invention, through the cooperation of the units, the high-efficiency and reasonable utilization of abundant heat of the supercritical water oxidation device is realized, on one hand, the heating requirement of a plant area is met, on the other hand, the investment of a heating system and the operation cost of the supercritical water oxidation system are greatly reduced, the system economy is increased, and the popularization and the application of the supercritical water oxidation technology are facilitated.

Description

Waste heat utilization system of supercritical water oxidation device and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical industry and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a waste heat utilization system of a supercritical water oxidation device and a working method thereof.
Background
China is in a high-pollution heavy chemical industry stage, solid waste pollution and water pollution prevention and treatment, particularly safe treatment and disposal of high-degradation-resistant dangerous waste, high-concentration degradation-resistant organic wastewater and municipal sludge are key points and difficulties to be solved urgently in the field of environment. According to statistics, the annual discharge amount of 2016 national industrial wastewater exceeds 200 hundred million tons, and most of 2016 industrial wastewater is high-concentration refractory organic wastewater. The actual output of dangerous waste exceeds 8000 ten thousand tons, and the illegal storage, transportation and disposal of the dangerous waste bring serious environmental hazard. More than half of the environmental illegal events in 2017 were related to unreasonable storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste. Meanwhile, the annual output of municipal sludge in China is over 4500 ten thousand tons according to statistics. The pollutants generally have the characteristics of high organic matter concentration, high salt, high heavy metal, complex components, poor biodegradability and the like. The traditional technology is difficult to treat and dispose with high efficiency and properly, and causes serious pollution to the ground water environment, the underground water and the soil. The capital investment in treatment facilities for these contaminants can exceed 50% of the overall capital investment for sewage plants. In recent years, a malignant population event caused by environmental pollution brings unstable factors to the development of the whole society, seriously threatens the health, safety and ecological environment of people, and restricts the green, low-carbon and sustainable development of the country. Therefore, the treatment and disposal of high-concentration and degradation-resistant organic wastewater and sludge have attracted high attention from the nation.
Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) is an advanced treatment technology for high-concentration and difficult-to-degrade organic wastewater and sludge, and substantially utilizes the excellent physicochemical properties of Supercritical Water (SCW) to realize homogeneous reaction of an oxidant and an organic substance, so that the difficult-to-degrade organic substance is quickly and thoroughly oxidized into environment-friendly small molecular compounds such as carbon dioxide, Water, nitrogen and the like. The method has the remarkable technical advantages of thorough treatment (the pollutant removal rate is more than 99.9%), short reaction time (from a few seconds to a few minutes), no risk of blocking of a film structure, no secondary pollution problems of NOx, SO2, dioxin and the like, and becomes a hotspot technology in the field of environmental pollution treatment.
However, the economy of the supercritical water oxidation system is poor due to the severe reaction conditions and the severe corrosivity, a large amount of internal heat is generated when the technology is used for treating high-concentration organic wastewater, and if the reaction waste heat of the system can be reasonably and efficiently utilized, the economy of the system can be improved, and the popularization and the application of the supercritical water oxidation technology are facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a waste heat utilization system of a supercritical water oxidation device and a working method thereof, which can treat pollutants up to the standard, perform high-efficiency and step waste heat utilization and recovery, reduce the energy consumption and the operation cost of the system, improve the economy of the system and realize harmlessness and reduction of the pollutants.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a waste heat utilization system of a supercritical water oxidation device, which comprises a steam generating unit, a high-pressure waste heat treatment unit, a low-pressure waste heat treatment unit, a heat collector, a user heating unit and a cooling water recycling unit, wherein the steam generating unit is connected with the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit;
the steam generating unit comprises a supercritical water oxidation unit, a steam generator, a softened water unit, a water feeding pump and a steam collecting unit; the outlet of the supercritical water oxidation unit is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature high-pressure side of the steam generator, the outlet of the softened water unit is connected with the inlet of the water feed pump, the outlet of the water feed pump is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature low-pressure side of the steam generator, the outlet of the low-temperature low-pressure side of the steam generator is connected with the steam collection unit, and the outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure side of the steam generator is connected with the;
the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit comprises a heating primary pump, an inlet of the heating primary pump is connected with an outlet of the user heating unit, and an outlet of the heating primary pump is connected with a low-pressure side inlet of the heat collector;
the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit comprises a pressure reduction unit, a plate heat exchanger, a subsequent treatment unit and a heating secondary pump, wherein an inlet of the pressure reduction unit is connected with an outlet at the high-pressure side of the heat collector, an outlet of the pressure reduction unit is divided into two paths, one path is connected with an inlet at the hot fluid side of the plate heat exchanger, the other path is connected with an inlet of the subsequent treatment unit, an outlet at the hot fluid side of the plate heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the subsequent treatment unit, an outlet at the cold fluid side of the plate heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of a user heating unit, an outlet of the user heating unit is connected with;
and the cooling water circulation unit comprises an air cooling tower and a circulating cooling water pump, an outlet of the low-pressure side of the heat collector is connected with an inlet of the air cooling tower, an outlet of the air cooling tower is connected with an inlet of the circulating cooling water pump, and an outlet of the circulating cooling water pump is connected with an inlet of the low-pressure side of the heat collector.
Preferably, a stop valve V1 is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-pressure side of the heat collector and the inlet of the user heating unit, and a stop valve V2 is arranged on a pipeline between the inlet of the low-pressure side of the heat collector and the outlet of the user heating unit; a stop valve V3 is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-pressure side of the heat collector and the inlet of the air cooling tower, and a stop valve V4 is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the circulating cooling water pump and the inlet of the low-pressure side of the heat collector; a stop valve V5 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the outlet of the pressure reduction unit and the hot fluid side inlet of the plate heat exchanger, and a stop valve V6 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the outlet of the pressure reduction unit and the subsequent processing unit;
the cooling water circulation unit and the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit are switched through stop valves V1, V2, V3 and V4, and the subsequent treatment unit and the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit are switched through stop valves V5 and V6.
Preferably, the steam generator employs a double pipe heat exchanger, a shell and tube heat exchanger, or a spiral coil heat exchanger.
Preferably, the heat collector adopts a double-pipe heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a spiral coil heat exchanger.
Preferably, the user heating unit is a radiator or a floor heating unit.
Preferably, the water feeding pump, the heating primary pump, the heating secondary pump and the circulating cooling water pump are all positive displacement pumps, centrifugal pumps, axial-flow pumps or mixed-flow pumps.
The invention also discloses a working method of the waste heat utilization system of the supercritical water oxidation device, which comprises the following steps:
the softened water generated by the softened water unit is conveyed to the steam generator through the water feeding pump to absorb heat and evaporate to generate steam, and the steam is collected by the steam collecting unit; the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treated by the supercritical water oxidation unit enters a steam generator to exchange heat with the fluid from the softened water unit to generate steam; the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid which releases heat and reduces temperature enters a heat collector to be cooled and then enters a low-pressure waste heat treatment unit for heating;
heating circulating water of the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the shell side of the heat collector to absorb heat, is heated to a set temperature, leaves the heat collector, enters the user heating unit to release heat for heating of a user, and returns to the inlet of the shell side of the heat collector through a heating primary pump to form heating water circulation;
heating circulating water of the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the cold side of the plate heat exchanger to absorb heat, is heated to a set temperature and then leaves, enters the user heating unit to release heat for heating a user, and then returns to the inlet of the cold side of the plate heat exchanger through a heating secondary pump to form heating water circulation;
the circulating cooling water absorbs heat and is heated by the heat collector, then is conveyed to the air cooling tower by the circulating cooling water pump for cooling, and enters the heat collector to form cooling water circulation.
Preferably, during heating, the heat collector is used for heat exchange and temperature rise of circulating heating water, and can directly heat a user heating unit, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the stop valve V1, the stop valve V2 and the stop valve V5 are opened, and the stop valve V3, the stop valve V4 and the stop valve V6 are in a closed state;
2) after steam is generated, the high-temperature high-pressure fluid entering the tube side of the heat collector releases heat and is cooled to below 85 ℃, and then the fluid enters a pressure reduction unit, so that the pressure of the fluid is reduced to normal pressure;
3) heating circulating water of the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the shell side of the heat collector to absorb heat, is heated to a set temperature, leaves the heat collector, enters the user heating unit to release heat for heating of a user, and returns to the inlet of the shell side of the heat collector through a heating primary pump to form heating water circulation;
4) the hot fluid after being cooled by the heat remover and being reduced by the pressure reduction unit enters the hot side of the plate heat exchanger for heat release and temperature reduction and then enters a subsequent processing unit;
5) heating circulating water of the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the cold side of the plate heat exchanger to absorb heat and raise the temperature to a set temperature, then leaves the plate heat exchanger, enters the user heating unit to release heat for heating, and then returns to the inlet of the cold side of the plate heat exchanger through a heating secondary pump to form heating water circulation.
Preferably, during the non-heating period, the heat collector is used for heat collection and temperature reduction, and comprises the following steps:
1) closing the stop valve V1, the stop valve V2 and the stop valve V5, and opening the stop valve V3, the stop valve V4 and the stop valve V6 to switch the heat collector to a cooling water recycling unit;
2) after steam is generated, the high-temperature high-pressure fluid entering the tube side of the heat collector releases heat and is cooled to below 85 ℃, and then the fluid enters a pressure reduction unit, so that the pressure of the fluid is reduced to normal pressure and then the fluid directly enters a subsequent processing unit;
3) circulating water cooled by the air cooling tower is pumped into the shell side of the heat collector through a circulating cooling water pump, high-pressure and high-temperature hot fluid is heated to below 85 ℃ and leaves, and the high-pressure and high-temperature hot fluid returns to the air cooling tower again for cooling, so that cooling water circulation is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a waste heat utilization system of a supercritical water oxidation device, which comprises a steam generating unit, a high-pressure waste heat treatment unit, a low-pressure waste heat treatment unit, a heat collector, a user heating unit and a cooling water recycling unit, wherein the steam generating unit is connected with the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit; the high-temperature high-pressure fluid treated by the supercritical water oxidation unit enters a steam generator to exchange heat with the fluid from the softened water unit to generate steam, and can be sold, the high-temperature high-pressure fluid subjected to heat release and temperature reduction enters a heat collector to reduce the temperature to below 85 ℃, enters a pressure reducer to reduce the temperature to normal pressure, enters a plate heat exchanger of the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit to release heat for winter heating of a user, and finally enters a subsequent treatment unit; wherein, the softened water generated by the softened water unit is conveyed to the steam generator by the feed pump to absorb heat and evaporate to generate steam; circulating cooling water of the heat collector unit absorbs heat and is heated by the heat collector, then is conveyed to the air cooling tower by the circulating cooling water pump for cooling, and enters the heat collector to form cooling water circulation; heating circulating water of the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit absorbs heat in the heat collector and is heated, then enters the heating unit for user heating, and is conveyed into the heat collector through the heating primary pump to form circulation of the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit; heating circulating water of the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the plate heat exchanger to absorb heat and raise temperature, then enters the heating unit to perform user heating, and is conveyed to the plate heat exchanger through a heating secondary pump to form circulation of the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit.
The treatment method based on the system disclosed by the invention innovatively carries out gradient utilization on the reaction heat after the supercritical water oxidation treatment of pollutants; carrying out waste heat recovery on the reacted high-temperature high-pressure fluid by adopting a steam generating unit on the pollutants subjected to SCWO treatment for respectively generating steam products and heating by users; a steam generator, a heat collector and a plate heat exchanger are respectively adopted for heat exchange in the waste heat utilization process, and a pressure reducer is adopted for reducing the pressure of the high-pressure fluid after reaction to normal pressure; the heat taking unit and the high-pressure waste heat processing unit are switched through switch stop valves V1, V2, V3 and V4, the subsequent processing unit and the low-pressure waste heat processing unit are switched through switch stop valves V1, V2, V5 and V6, the high-pressure waste heat processing unit and the low-pressure waste heat processing unit are switched to operate in a heating period in winter, and the heat taking unit and the subsequent processing unit are switched to operate in a non-heating period. The waste heat utilization method of the supercritical water oxidation device can fully realize the high-efficiency utilization of waste heat.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat utilization system of a supercritical water oxidation apparatus according to the present invention.
The system comprises a 1-supercritical water oxidation unit, a 2-steam generator, a 3-softened water unit, a 4-water supply pump, a 5-steam collection unit, a 6-heat collector, a 7-heating unit, a 8-heating primary pump, a 9-pressure reduction unit, a 10-plate heat exchanger, a 11-subsequent treatment unit, a 12-heating secondary pump, a 13-air cooling tower, a 14-circulating cooling water pump, a V1, a V2, a V3, a V4, a V5 and a V6-switch stop valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the waste heat utilization system of the supercritical water oxidation apparatus of the present invention includes a steam generation unit, a high pressure waste heat treatment unit, a low pressure waste heat treatment unit and a heat extraction unit.
The steam generating unit consists of a supercritical water oxidation unit 1, a steam generator 2, a softened water unit 3, a water feeding pump 4 and a steam collecting unit 5, wherein an outlet of the supercritical water oxidation unit 1 is connected with an inlet of the steam generator 2 at a high-temperature high-pressure side, and an outlet of the softened water unit 3 is connected with an inlet of the water feeding pump 4; the outlet of the water feeding pump 4 is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature low-pressure side of the steam generator 2, and the outlet of the low-temperature low-pressure side of the steam generator 2 is connected with the steam collecting unit 5; the high-temperature high-pressure fluid treated by the supercritical water oxidation unit 1 enters the steam generator 2 to be from the softened water unit 3, and steam generated after heat exchange is carried out on the fluid conveyed by the water feed pump 4 is collected by the steam collection unit 5.
The high-pressure waste heat treatment unit comprises a heat collector 6, a user heating unit 7, a heating primary pump 8, a switch stop valve V1 and a V2, wherein an inlet on a high-pressure side of the heat collector 6 is connected with an outlet on a high-temperature high-pressure side of the steam generator 2, an inlet of the user heating unit 7 is connected with an outlet on a low-pressure side of the heat collector 6, an inlet of the heating primary pump 8 is connected with an outlet of the user heating unit 7, an outlet of the heating primary pump 8 is connected with an inlet on a low-pressure side of the heat collector 6, a valve V1 is connected between the outlet on the low-pressure side of the heat collector 6 and the inlet of the user heating unit 7, and a valve V2 is;
in the heating period in winter, the valves V1 and V2 are opened, the valves V3 and V4 are in a closed state, and the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid which is subjected to steam production enters the tube side of the heat collector 6 to release heat and reduce the temperature to below 85 ℃ and then enters the pressure reduction unit 9 to reduce the pressure of the fluid to normal pressure; heating circulating water of the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the shell side of the heat collector 6 to absorb heat and raise the temperature to a set temperature, then leaves the heat collector, enters the user heating unit 7 to release heat for heating a user, and then returns to the shell side inlet of the heat collector 6 through the heating primary pump 8 to form heating water circulation.
The low-pressure waste heat treatment unit comprises a pressure reduction unit 9, a plate heat exchanger 10, a subsequent treatment unit 11, a user heating unit 7, a heating secondary pump 12 and a valve V5, wherein an inlet of the pressure reduction unit 9 is connected with an outlet at the high-pressure side of the heat collector 6, an outlet of the pressure reduction unit 9 is connected with an inlet of the valve V5, an outlet of the valve V5 is connected with an inlet at the hot fluid side of the plate heat exchanger 10, an outlet at the hot fluid side of the plate heat exchanger 10 is connected with an inlet of the subsequent treatment unit 11, an outlet at the cold fluid side of the plate heat exchanger 10 is connected with an inlet of the user heating unit 7, an outlet of the user heating unit 7 is connected with an inlet of the;
in the heating period in winter, the valves V1, V2 and V5 are opened, the valves V3, V4 and V6 are in a closed state, and the hot fluid after being cooled by the heat collector 6 and reduced in pressure by the pressure reduction unit 9 enters the hot side of the plate heat exchanger 10 for heat release and temperature reduction, and then enters the subsequent processing unit 11; heating circulating water of the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the cold side of the plate heat exchanger 10 to absorb heat and raise the temperature to a set temperature, then leaves the plate heat exchanger, enters the user heating unit 7 to release heat for heating a user, and then returns to the inlet of the cold side of the plate heat exchanger 10 through the heating secondary pump 12 to form heating water circulation.
The heat taking unit comprises a heat taking device 6, an air cooling tower 13, a circulating cooling water pump 14, valves V3, V4 and V6, an outlet at the high-pressure side of the heat taking device 6 is connected with an inlet of a pressure reduction unit 9, an outlet of the pressure reduction unit 9 is connected with an inlet of a valve V6, and an outlet of the valve V6 is connected with a subsequent treatment unit 11; an outlet at the low-pressure side of the heat collector 6 is connected with an inlet of a valve V3, an outlet of a valve V3 is connected with an inlet of an air cooling tower 13, an outlet of the air cooling tower 13 is connected with an inlet of a circulating cooling water pump 14, an outlet of the circulating cooling water pump 14 is connected with an inlet of a valve V4, and an outlet of a valve V4 is connected with an inlet at the low-pressure side of the heat collector 6;
in the non-heating period, the heat collector 6 is only used for heat collection and temperature reduction to prevent high-pressure fluid from gasifying and expanding in the pressure reduction process to form a system potential safety hazard, valves V1, V2 and V5 are closed at this stage, valves V3, V4 and V6 are opened to enable the heat collector 6 to be switched to a heat collection unit, the high-temperature high-pressure fluid entering the pipe side of the heat collector 6 after steam production releases heat and is cooled to below 85 ℃, then enters the pressure reduction unit 9 to enable the fluid pressure to be reduced to normal pressure and then directly enters the subsequent processing unit 11, circulating water cooled by the air cooling tower 13 is pumped into the shell side of the heat collector 6 through the circulating cooling water pump 14, the high-pressure high-temperature hot fluid is heated to below 85 ℃, then leaves and returns to the air cooling tower 13 to be cooled and cooled again to form cooling water circulation.
In summary, the processing method includes:
in the non-heating period, high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treated by the supercritical water oxidation unit generates heat and is cooled by a steam generator to generate steam for sale, the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid sequentially enters a heat collector and a pressure reduction unit in the non-heating period to be reduced to normal temperature and normal pressure and then enters a subsequent treatment unit, and in the process, hot water is cooled by an air cooling tower, then is pumped into the heat collector by a circulating cooling water pump to absorb heat, and then returns to the air cooling tower to be cooled to form the circulation of the heat collection unit.
In the winter heating period, heating water absorbs heat in a heat collector and is heated, then enters a user heating unit to release heat for direct heating of a user, and then returns to the heat collector through a heating primary pump to exchange heat, so that the circulation of a high-pressure waste heat treatment unit is formed;
the high-pressure fluid after heat taking and temperature reduction is reduced to normal pressure through the pressure reduction unit, then enters the plate heat exchanger to release heat for the other path of heating water, and the heating water after heat absorption and temperature rise enters the user heating unit to release heat and then returns to the plate heat exchanger through the heating secondary pump to perform next round of heat exchange, so that the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit is formed for circulation.
The high-efficiency and reasonable utilization of rich heat of the supercritical water oxidation device is realized through the three circulation ways, on one hand, the heating requirement of a plant area is met, on the other hand, the investment of a heating system and the operation cost of the supercritical water oxidation system are greatly reduced, the system economy is increased, and the popularization and the application of the supercritical water oxidation technology are facilitated.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A waste heat utilization system of a supercritical water oxidation device is characterized by comprising a steam generating unit, a high-pressure waste heat treatment unit, a low-pressure waste heat treatment unit, a heat collector (6), a user heating unit (7) and a cooling water recycling unit;
the steam generating unit comprises a supercritical water oxidation unit (1), a steam generator (2), a softened water unit (3), a water feeding pump (4) and a steam collecting unit (5); wherein, the outlet of the supercritical water oxidation unit (1) is connected with the high-temperature high-pressure side inlet of the steam generator (2), the outlet of the softened water unit (3) is connected with the inlet of the water feed pump (4), the outlet of the water feed pump (4) is connected with the low-temperature low-pressure side inlet of the steam generator (2), the outlet of the low-temperature low-pressure side of the steam generator (2) is connected with the steam collection unit (5), and the outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure side of the steam generator (2) is connected with the high-pressure side inlet of the heat collector;
the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit comprises a heating primary pump (8), an inlet of the heating primary pump (8) is connected with an outlet of a user heating unit (7), and an outlet of the heating primary pump (8) is connected with a low-pressure side inlet of a heat collector (6);
the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit comprises a pressure reduction unit (9), a plate heat exchanger (10), a subsequent treatment unit (11) and a secondary heating pump (12), wherein an inlet of the pressure reduction unit (9) is connected with an outlet of a high-pressure side of a heat collector (6), an outlet of the pressure reduction unit (9) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a hot fluid side inlet of the plate heat exchanger (10), the other path is connected with an inlet of the subsequent treatment unit (11), a hot fluid side outlet of the plate heat exchanger (10) is connected with an inlet of the subsequent treatment unit (11), a cold fluid side outlet of the plate heat exchanger (10) is connected with an inlet of a secondary heating unit (7), an outlet of the secondary heating pump (7) is connected with an inlet of the secondary heating pump (12), and an outlet of the secondary heating pump (12);
the cooling water recycling unit comprises an air cooling tower (13) and a circulating cooling water pump (14), wherein an outlet at the low-pressure side of the heat collector (6) is connected with an inlet of the air cooling tower (13), an outlet of the air cooling tower (13) is connected with an inlet of the circulating cooling water pump (14), and an outlet of the circulating cooling water pump (14) is connected with an inlet at the low-pressure side of the heat collector (6).
2. The waste heat utilization system of supercritical water oxidation apparatus as defined in claim 1, characterized in that a stop valve V1 is provided on the pipeline between the outlet of the low pressure side of the heat collector (6) and the inlet of the user heating unit (7), and a stop valve V2 is provided on the pipeline between the inlet of the low pressure side of the heat collector (6) and the outlet of the user heating unit (7); a stop valve V3 is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-pressure side of the heat collector (6) and the inlet of the air cooling tower (13), and a stop valve V4 is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the circulating cooling water pump (14) and the inlet of the low-pressure side of the heat collector (6); a stop valve V5 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the outlet of the pressure reduction unit (9) and the inlet of the hot fluid side of the plate heat exchanger (10), and a stop valve V6 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the outlet of the pressure reduction unit (9) and the subsequent processing unit (11);
the cooling water recycling unit and the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit are switched through stop valves V1, V2, V3 and V4, and the subsequent treatment unit (11) and the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit are switched through stop valves V5 and V6.
3. The waste heat utilization system of supercritical water oxidation apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the steam generator (2) employs a double pipe heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a spiral coil heat exchanger.
4. The waste heat utilization system of the supercritical water oxidation apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the heat collector (6) is a double-pipe heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a spiral coil heat exchanger.
5. The waste heat utilization system of supercritical water oxidation apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the user heating unit (7) is radiator or floor heating.
6. The waste heat utilization system of the supercritical water oxidation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the feed water pump (4), the heating primary pump (8), the heating secondary pump (12) and the circulating cooling water pump (14) are all positive displacement pumps, centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps or mixed flow pumps.
7. The operating method of a waste heat utilization system of a supercritical water oxidation apparatus according to claim 2, comprising:
softened water generated by the softened water unit (3) is conveyed to the steam generator (2) through the water feeding pump (4) to absorb heat and evaporate to generate steam, and the steam is collected by the steam collecting unit (5); the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid treated by the supercritical water oxidation unit (1) enters a steam generator (2) to exchange heat with the fluid from the softened water unit (3) to generate steam; the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid which releases heat and reduces the temperature enters a heat collector (6) to be cooled and then enters a low-pressure waste heat treatment unit for heating;
heating circulating water of the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the shell side of the heat collector (6) to absorb heat and raise the temperature to a set temperature, then leaves the heat collector, enters the user heating unit (7) to release heat for heating a user, and then returns to the shell side inlet of the heat collector (6) through the heating primary pump (8) to form heating water circulation;
heating circulating water of the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the cold side of the plate heat exchanger (10) to absorb heat and raise the temperature to a set temperature, then leaves the plate heat exchanger, enters the user heating unit (7) to release heat for heating a user, and then returns to the inlet of the cold side of the plate heat exchanger (10) through the heating secondary pump (12) to form heating water circulation;
the circulating cooling water absorbs heat and is heated by the heat collector (6), then is conveyed to the air cooling tower (13) by the circulating cooling water pump (14) to be cooled, and enters the heat collector (6) to form cooling water circulation.
8. The operating method of the waste heat utilization system of the supercritical water oxidation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein during heating, the heat collector (6) is used for heat exchange and temperature rise of the circulating heating water, and can directly heat the user heating unit (7), and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the stop valve V1, the stop valve V2 and the stop valve V5 are opened, and the stop valve V3, the stop valve V4 and the stop valve V6 are in a closed state;
2) after steam is generated, the high-temperature high-pressure fluid entering the tube side of the heat collector (6) releases heat and is cooled to below 85 ℃, and then the fluid enters the pressure reduction unit (9) to reduce the pressure of the fluid to normal pressure;
3) heating circulating water of the high-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the shell side of the heat collector (6) to absorb heat and raise the temperature to a set temperature, then leaves the heat collector, enters the user heating unit (7) to release heat for heating a user, and then returns to the shell side inlet of the heat collector (6) through the heating primary pump (8) to form heating water circulation;
4) the hot fluid after being cooled by the heat collector (6) and depressurized by the depressurization unit (9) enters the hot side of the plate heat exchanger (10) for heat release and temperature reduction, and then enters the subsequent processing unit (11);
5) heating circulating water of the low-pressure waste heat treatment unit enters the cold side of the plate heat exchanger (10) to absorb heat and raise the temperature to a set temperature, then leaves the plate heat exchanger, enters the user heating unit (7) to release heat to be heated by a user, and then returns to the inlet of the cold side of the plate heat exchanger (10) through the heating secondary pump (12) to form heating water circulation.
9. The operating method of the waste heat utilization system of the supercritical water oxidation apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the heat collector (6) is used for heat collection and temperature reduction during the non-heating period, and comprises the following steps:
1) closing the stop valve V1, the stop valve V2 and the stop valve V5, opening the stop valve V3, the stop valve V4 and the stop valve V6, and switching the heat collector (6) to a cooling water recycling unit;
2) after steam is generated, the high-temperature high-pressure fluid entering the tube side of the heat collector (6) releases heat and is cooled to below 85 ℃, and then the fluid enters the pressure reduction unit (9), so that the pressure of the fluid is reduced to normal pressure and then the fluid directly enters the subsequent processing unit (11);
3) circulating water cooled by the air cooling tower (13) is pumped into the shell side of the heat collector (6) through a circulating cooling water pump (14), high-pressure and high-temperature hot fluid is heated to below 85 ℃ and leaves, and the high-pressure and high-temperature hot fluid returns to the air cooling tower (13) again for cooling, so that cooling water circulation is formed.
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