CN110822458A - Low-concentration gas steady-state catalytic oxidation device for waste heat step utilization - Google Patents
Low-concentration gas steady-state catalytic oxidation device for waste heat step utilization Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
- F23G7/063—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating electric heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
- F22D11/02—Arrangements of feed-water pumps
- F22D11/06—Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/60—Separating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/50213—Preheating processes other than drying or pyrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
Abstract
The invention provides a low-concentration gas steady-state catalytic oxidation device for waste heat step utilization. The invention can fully utilize low-concentration ventilation air methane generated in the coal mining process, reduce the waste of gas energy and slow down the aggravation of greenhouse effect, and realizes the comprehensive utilization of the heat of high, medium and low temperature flue gas of the low-concentration flue gas by carrying out cascade utilization on waste heat, utilizing high temperature flue gas for power generation and preheating the low-concentration flue gas by using medium and low temperature flue gas, thereby achieving the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction in coal mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ventilation air methane heat utilization, in particular to a low-concentration methane steady-state catalytic oxidation device for waste heat step utilization.
Background
The main component of coal mine gas is methane, which is an available gas energy source, but in order to ensure the production safety of coal mines, a large amount of air is usually introduced to dilute the coal mine gas and discharge the coal mine gas into the atmosphere in the form of ventilation air. Although the gas concentration in the ventilation air is low, the total amount of the ventilation air is huge, and the low-concentration gas is reasonably utilized, so that the greenhouse effect can be effectively reduced, and the energy utilization rate is improved. In the existing ventilation air methane utilization technology, a heat accumulating type countercurrent oxidation technology is used for treating ventilation air methane with low methane concentration, the technology has high reaction temperature, high requirements on a heating device and a catalytic oxidation material, and is easy to generate nitrogen oxide pollutants, large in energy consumption and poor in economic benefit.
The ventilation air temperature is heated to the temperature required by the reaction by a certain energy source when the low-concentration gas is used in the catalytic oxidation, the gas after the catalytic oxidation can generate high-temperature flue gas, the external input consumption can be effectively reduced by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and the heat can be utilized in a gradient manner. In the published report, a flow direction shift reactor with periodically changed feeding direction heats ventilation air methane by periodically changing the feeding direction, but causes partially incompletely oxidized methane to be directly discharged into the atmosphere along with hot air, resulting in secondary waste of gas energy. Moreover, the heat field at the catalyst site is unstable due to the change in flow direction, which greatly affects the life of the catalyst. In patent CN 102773047U, the device of the invention adopts a direct countercurrent heat exchange technology of flue gas and ventilation air, which results in large temperature difference at two ends of a heat exchanger, uneven heating, easy occurrence of cold shock phenomenon, corrosion of the heat exchanger, and increased equipment monitoring and maintenance cost; and the technology of air exhaust and heating ventilation air is adopted, the control difficulty is high, the gas concentration in the ventilation air is easily reduced again, and the catalytic oxidation efficiency of the low-concentration methane is influenced. The method fully and reasonably utilizes the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and is one of effective ways for improving the heat utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a low-concentration gas steady-state catalytic oxidation device for waste heat step utilization aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the low-concentration gas steady-state catalytic oxidation device for waste heat step utilization comprises an air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem, a waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem, an auxiliary electric heating subsystem, a catalytic oxidation subsystem, a waste heat power generation subsystem, a condensate water recovery subsystem, a smoke exhaust subsystem and an operation monitoring subsystem;
the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem is used for introducing ventilation air methane, monitoring the gas concentration in the ventilation air methane, filtering dust particles in the ventilation air methane and providing clean low-concentration gas;
the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem is connected with the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem and is used for preheating and heating the ventilation air methane in stages after the ventilation air methane is led in so as to enable the ventilation air methane to reach the operating temperature;
the catalytic oxidation subsystem is connected with the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem and provides a reaction place for the ventilation air methane reaching the reaction temperature;
the auxiliary electric heating subsystem is connected with the catalytic oxidation subsystem and used for starting the system and supplementing heat required by the system so as to meet the temperature requirement of catalytic oxidation in the operation process;
the waste heat power generation subsystem is connected with the catalytic oxidation subsystem, and drives the generator to generate power by using high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by catalytic oxidation reaction;
the condensed water recovery subsystem is connected with the catalytic oxidation subsystem, and is used for condensing and collecting the dead steam generated after the steam turbine applies work and the water vapor in the low-temperature flue gas so as to supplement the required water amount in the steam drum;
the smoke exhaust subsystem is connected with the catalytic oxidation subsystem, and the circulating heating of ventilation air is realized by adjusting the opening and closing of the air valve and the starting and stopping of the fan, so that the heating efficiency is improved; meanwhile, flow power is provided for ventilation air methane/flue gas, so that the flue gas is smoothly discharged;
the operation monitoring subsystem is connected with the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem, the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem, the auxiliary electric heating subsystem, the catalytic oxidation subsystem, the waste heat power generation subsystem, the condensate water recovery subsystem and the smoke exhaust subsystem, and is used for monitoring the state of each point in real time and timely adjusting the system according to the data deviation degree.
Furthermore, the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem comprises an air valve, a gas concentration detector, a ventilation air inlet and a filter screen; the air valve and the gas concentration monitor are arranged in the inlet pipe section and connected with the ventilation air inlet, and the ventilation air inlet is connected with the filter screen;
further, the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem comprises a gas-water heat exchanger in the primary heat exchange device, a high-temperature resistant variable frequency water pump, a flue gas-water heat exchanger in the primary heat exchange device, a gas-oil heat exchange device in the secondary heat exchange device, a high-temperature resistant variable frequency oil pump, a flue gas-oil heat exchanger in the secondary heat exchange device, a temperature monitoring device, a pressure monitoring device and a flow meter; wherein: the gas-water heat exchanger, the high-temperature resistant variable-frequency water pump and the flue gas-water heat exchanger in the primary heat exchange device are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop of the primary heat exchange device, the outlet of the high-temperature resistant variable-frequency water pump is connected with the flow meter, and a thermocouple and a pressure gauge are mounted on the inlet pipe section of the gas-water heat exchanger in the primary heat exchange device; the gas-oil heat exchange device, the high-temperature resistant variable frequency oil pump and the flue gas-oil heat exchanger in the secondary heat exchange device are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop of the secondary heat exchange device, the outlet of the high-temperature resistant variable frequency oil pump is connected with the flowmeter, and the inlet pipe section of the gas-oil heat exchange device in the secondary heat exchange device is provided with the thermocouple and the pressure gauge.
Further, the auxiliary electric heating subsystem comprises: temperature monitoring, an electric heating device and an air equalizing plate; the gas-oil heat exchange device in the secondary heat exchange device is connected with an electric heating device, the electric heating device is connected with the inlet of the air-equalizing plate, and the thermocouple is arranged at the inlet end of the electric heating device.
Further, the catalytic oxidation subsystem comprises a catalytic oxidation layer, a flame folding angle, a thermocouple and a pressure gauge; the outlet of the air equalizing plate is connected with the inlet of the catalytic oxidation layer, the outlet of the catalytic oxidation layer is connected with the flame folding angle, and the thermocouple and the vacuum meter are installed at the flame folding angle outlet.
Further, the waste heat power generation subsystem comprises a steam drum, a steam turbine, a generator, a liquid storage tank, a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump and a flowmeter; the angle of refraction flame exit links to each other with the steam pocket, and the steam outlet of steam pocket links to each other with the steam turbine entry, and the steam turbine links to each other with the generator, and the steam turbine export links to each other with the exhaust steam entry of condenser, and the comdenstion water outlet of condenser links to each other with the liquid storage pot, and the liquid storage pot links to each other with comdenstion water frequency conversion circulating water pump entry, and comdenstion water frequency conversion circulating water pump export links to each other with the flowmeter, and the flowmeter links to each other with the comdenstion water entry of.
Further, the condensed water recovery subsystem comprises a condenser, a liquid storage tank, a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump and a condensed water pipe; the outlet of the condenser and the condensed water outlet are connected with a condensed water pipe, the condensed water pipe is connected with a liquid storage tank, and the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump.
Further, the smoke evacuation subsystem comprises: CO22The device comprises a concentration detector, an induced draft fan, a smoke exhaust pipeline, a chimney, a backflow flue, a flue gas circulating fan and an air valve; in one aspect, the damper is mounted at the condenser inlet, CO2The concentration detector is arranged in a smoke exhaust pipeline, an induced draft fan is distributed in the smoke exhaust, and the smoke exhaust pipeline is connected with a chimney; on the other hand, the outlet of the flue gas-oil heat exchanger in the secondary heat exchange device is communicated with a flue gas return pipeline, the flue gas return pipeline is communicated with the inlet of the gas-oil heat exchange device in the secondary heat exchange device, in addition, two ends of the flue gas return pipeline are respectively provided with an air valve, and a flue gas circulating fan is arranged in a return flue.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the catalytic oxidation material with low reaction temperature, completely utilizes low-concentration gas to carry out catalytic oxidation reaction, can effectively reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides, realizes 100 percent utilization of ventilation air gas, and has the advantages of low pollution and high utilization rate. The flame folding angle is arranged at the place where the catalytic oxidation layer generates high-temperature flue gas in the device, so that the structure can effectively enhance the disturbance to the high-temperature flue gas and improve the heat release of the flue gas; furthermore, high-temperature radiant heat on the folded flame angle is reflected to the catalytic oxidation layer, the high-temperature environment of the catalytic oxidation layer is maintained, and the high-temperature radiant heat on the folded flame angle is fully utilized. The invention utilizes high-temperature flue gas to exchange heat to generate high-pressure steam to drive a steam turbine set to generate electricity; preheating and heating low-concentration gas by using the waste heat of medium-low temperature flue gas; when realizing high temperature flue gas waste heat ladder utilization, reduced equipment because of the uneven possibility that damages the heat exchanger of thermal stress that big difference in temperature heat transfer brought. The device of the invention condenses and recovers the steam in the exhaust steam and the flue gas after the expansion work of the steam turbine, effectively utilizes the steam generated by the system and reduces the investment cost of external water replenishing equipment; the recovery of the low-temperature flue gas condensate water reduces the dryness of the flue gas, is beneficial to the work of an induced draft system and reduces the occurrence of water vapor corrosion; the flue in the smoke exhaust subsystem of the device has an upward slope, so that the water content in smoke exhaust can be effectively reduced, and the separation of low-temperature smoke and condensed water is realized; the device is additionally provided with the flue gas reflux pipeline and the ventilation air methane circulating fan, and the installation positions of the flue gas reflux pipeline and the ventilation air methane circulating fan are positioned at the inlet and the outlet of the secondary heat exchange system, so that liquid water in the primary heat exchange system can be prevented from being vaporized due to overhigh temperature of ventilation air methane during circulation heating of ventilation air methane; when the device is started for the first time, the ventilation air is circularly heated by adjusting the opening and closing of the air valve and the starting and stopping of the fan, and the ventilation air heating device has the advantages of reducing energy consumption and improving efficiency.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas with waste heat step utilization, provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the decomposition structure of the steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas with waste heat step utilization provided by the invention.
In fig. 2, 1: a gas concentration detector; 2: a ventilation air inlet; 3: a filter screen; 4: a gas-water heat exchanger in the primary heat exchange device; 5: a high-temperature resistant variable-frequency water pump; 6: a flue gas-water heat exchanger in the primary heat exchange device; 7: a gas-oil heat exchange device in the secondary heat exchange device; 8: a high-temperature resistant variable frequency oil pump; 9: a flue gas-oil heat exchanger in the secondary heat exchange device; 10: an electric heating device; 11: a wind equalizing plate; 12: a catalytic oxidation layer; 13: a flame folding angle; 14: a steam drum; 15: a steam turbine; 16: a generator; 17: a condenser; 18: a liquid storage tank; 19: a condensed water frequency conversion circulating water pump; 20: a condenser; 21: CO22A concentration detector; 22: an induced draft fan; 23: a flue gas duct; 24: a condensate pipe; 25: a chimney; 26: a return flue; 27: a flue gas circulating fan; F1-F4: an air valve; t1: a thermal resistor; T2-T6: a thermocouple; p1, P2, P5, P6: a pressure gauge; p4: a vacuum gauge; m1: a high temperature resistant hot water flow meter; m2: a high temperature resistant hot oil flow meter; m3: and a condensed water flow meter.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a steady-state catalytic oxidation apparatus for low-concentration gas by waste heat step utilization, which includes an air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem 110, a waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem 120, an auxiliary electric heating subsystem 130, a catalytic oxidation subsystem 140, a waste heat power generation subsystem 150, a condensate water recovery subsystem 160, a smoke exhaust subsystem 170, and an operation monitoring system 180. The air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem 110 is used for monitoring the gas concentration in the ventilation air methane, filtering dust particles in the ventilation air methane and providing clean low-concentration gas; the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem 120 is used for preheating and heating ventilation air methane in stages to enable the ventilation air methane to reach the operation temperature; the auxiliary electric heating subsystem 130 is used for system startup and supplementing heat required by the system; the catalytic oxidation subsystem 140 serves as a source for generating high-temperature flue gas and provides a reaction place for ventilation air at the reaction temperature; the waste heat power generation subsystem 150 generates power by using high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the steam-water system; the condensed water recovery subsystem 160 condenses and collects the steam in the exhaust steam and the low-temperature flue gas after the steam turbine applies work, so as to supplement the required water amount in the steam drum; on one hand, the smoke exhaust subsystem 170 realizes the circulation heating of ventilation air through adjusting the opening and closing of the air valve and the starting and stopping of the fan when the device is started, and improves the heating efficiency; on the other hand, flow power is provided for ventilation air methane/flue gas, so that the flue gas is smoothly discharged; the operation monitoring subsystem 180 is used for monitoring the state of each point of the device in real time and regulating and controlling the system in time according to the data deviation degree.
As shown in fig. 2, the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem 110 includes: an air valve F1, a gas concentration detector 1, a ventilation air inlet 2 and a filter screen 3; the gas concentration monitor 1 is arranged in the inlet pipe section and is connected with the ventilation air inlet 2, and the ventilation air inlet 2 is connected with the filter screen 3;
the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem 120 comprises: a gas-water heat exchanger 4 in the primary heat exchange device, a high-temperature resistant variable-frequency water pump 5, a flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 in the primary heat exchange device, a gas-oil heat exchange device 7 in the secondary heat exchange device, a high-temperature resistant variable-frequency oil pump 8, a flue gas-oil heat exchanger 9 in the secondary heat exchange device, temperature monitoring T1, T2, pressure monitoring P1, P2, a flow meter M1 and M2; wherein: the gas-water heat exchanger 4, the high-temperature resistant variable-frequency water pump 5 and the flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 in the primary heat exchange device are sequentially connected to form a primary heat exchange device circulation loop, the outlet of the high-temperature resistant variable-frequency water pump 5 is connected with a flowmeter M1, and a thermal resistor T1 and a pressure gauge P1 are installed on the inlet pipe section of the gas-water heat exchanger 4 in the primary heat exchange device; the gas-oil heat exchange device 7, the high-temperature resistant variable frequency oil pump 8 and the flue gas-oil heat exchanger 9 in the secondary heat exchange device are sequentially connected to form a secondary heat exchange device circulation loop, the outlet of the high-temperature resistant variable frequency oil pump 8 is connected with a flowmeter M2, and a thermocouple T2 and a pressure gauge P2 are installed on the inlet pipe section of the gas-oil heat exchange device 7 in the secondary heat exchange device.
The auxiliary electric heating subsystem 130 includes: temperature monitoring T3, an electric heating device 10 and an air-equalizing plate 11; the gas-oil heat exchange device 7 in the secondary heat exchange device is connected with the electric heating device 10, the electric heating device 10 is connected with the inlet of the air-equalizing plate 11, and the thermocouple T3 is arranged at the inlet end of the electric heating device 10.
The cogeneration subsystem 150 includes: the system comprises a steam drum 14, a steam turbine 15, a generator 16, a liquid storage tank 18, a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump 19 and a flowmeter M3; the outlet of the flame folding angle 13 is connected with a steam pocket 14, the steam outlet of the steam pocket 14 is connected with the inlet of a steam turbine 15, the steam turbine 15 is connected with a generator 16, the outlet of the steam turbine 15 is connected with the exhaust steam inlet of a condenser 17, the condensed water outlet of the condenser 17 is connected with a liquid storage tank 18, the liquid storage tank 18 is connected with the inlet of a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump 19, the outlet of the condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump 19 is connected with a flow meter M3, a flow meter M3 is connected with the condensed water inlet of the steam pocket 14, and the steam outlet and the condensed water inlet of the steam pocket 14 are respectively provided with a thermocouple T5, a thermal.
The condensate recovery subsystem 160 includes: condensers 17 and 20, a liquid storage tank 18, a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump 19 and a condensed water pipe 24; the condensed water outlets of the condensers 17 and 20 are connected with a condensed water pipe 24 which is connected with the liquid storage tank 18, and the outlet of the liquid storage tank 18 is connected with a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump 19.
The smoke evacuation subsystem 170 includes: the device comprises a CO2 concentration detector 21, an induced draft fan 22, a smoke exhaust pipeline 23, a chimney 25, a return flue 26, a smoke circulating fan 27, air valves F2, F3 and F4; on one hand, the air valve F4 is installed at the inlet of the condenser 20, the CO2 concentration detector 21 is arranged in the smoke exhaust pipeline 23, the induced draft fan 22 is distributed in the smoke exhaust 23, and the smoke exhaust pipeline 23 is connected with the chimney 25; on the other hand, the outlet 9 of the flue gas-oil heat exchanger in the secondary heat exchange device is communicated with a flue gas return pipeline 26, the flue gas return pipeline 26 is communicated with the inlet of the gas-oil heat exchange device 7 in the secondary heat exchange device, in addition, two ends of the flue gas return pipeline 26 are respectively provided with an air valve F3 and an air valve F2, and a flue gas circulating fan 27 is installed in the return flue 26.
When the device works, after dust particles of low-concentration gas are removed by a gas concentration detector 1 and a filter screen 3, the gas is preheated and heated to reach a design temperature by a gas-water heat exchanger 4 in a primary heat exchange device and a gas-oil heat exchanger 7 in a secondary heat exchange device;
when the system is started for the first time, the heat required by the low-concentration gas is obtained by the auxiliary electric heating device 10, and the technical means is as follows: the device is additionally provided with a flue gas reflux pipeline and a flue gas circulating fan, when the device is started for the first time, all air valves F1-F4 are completely opened, after the whole system is filled with low-concentration ventilation air methane, the induced draft fan 22 is closed, the air valves F1 and F2 are closed, the air valves F2 and F3 are opened, the flue gas circulating fan 27 is started, after the ventilation air methane is circularly heated to a set temperature, the power supply heating device is closed, the flue gas circulating fan 27 is closed, the valves F2 and F3 are closed, the air valves F1 and F2 are opened, the induced draft fan 22 is started, and the system starts to normally circulate; when the temperature monitor T3 monitors that the temperature of the low-concentration gas from the gas-oil heat exchanger 7 does not reach the reaction temperature, the auxiliary electric heating heat source is automatically started to meet the temperature requirement of catalytic oxidation in the operation process; when the temperature monitoring T1 and T2 and the pressure monitoring P1 and P2 detect that the operation working condition of the equipment deviates from the set working condition, the system supplements or reduces the heat exchange amount by adjusting the high-temperature-resistant variable-frequency water pump 5 and the high-temperature-resistant variable-frequency oil pump 8;
the low-concentration gas reaching the reaction temperature enters a catalytic oxidation layer 12 through an air equalizing plate 11, and is subjected to catalytic oxidation reaction in the device and emits a large amount of heat to form high-temperature flue gas;
when the high-temperature flue gas passes through the steam drum 14, liquid water in the steam drum 10 absorbs heat and changes phase to generate superheated steam, and the superheated steam is conveyed to the generator sets 15 and 16 to generate electricity;
the superheated steam expands in the generator set to do work, the temperature and the pressure are reduced, and the dead steam enters the condenser 17 and then becomes condensed water; the low-temperature flue gas passes through a condenser 20, the water vapor is condensed into liquid water, and the liquid water returns to the liquid storage tank 18 through a condensate pipe 25; liquid water in the liquid storage tank 18 is extracted by a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump 19 and enters the steam pocket 14 again;
the high-temperature flue gas passes through a flue gas-oil heat exchanger 9 in a secondary heat exchange system, the temperature is reduced to 150 ℃ and 350 ℃, and a gas-oil heat exchanger 7 of a secondary heating device circularly extracts heat through a high-temperature-resistant variable-frequency oil pump 8 to maintain the heating temperature; the high-temperature flue gas passes through a flue gas-water heat exchanger 6 in a primary heat exchange system, and is circularly heated by a high-temperature-resistant variable frequency water pump 5, so that the temperature of a gas-water heat exchanger 4 of a primary heating device is maintained, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 100-;
after the low-temperature flue gas is condensed by the condenser 20 to release heat, condensed water returns to the liquid storage tank 18 from the condensed water pipe 24; CO passing the residual flue gas2After being monitored by the concentration detector 21, the flue gas is discharged from the flue gas duct 23 to the stack 25.
The device realizes efficient heat utilization of the heat of the high-temperature flue gas with low concentration by carrying out cascade utilization on the waste heat, generating power by using the high-temperature flue gas and preheating the low-temperature flue gas to heat the low-concentration flue gas; the invention makes the catalytic oxidation reaction be carried out under the conditions of low concentration gas and low reaction temperature, and solves the problems of uneven thermal stress, corrosion and the like caused by large temperature difference heat exchange in the existing gas catalytic oxidation utilization technology.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a low concentration gas steady state catalytic oxidation device that waste heat ladder was utilized which characterized in that: the system comprises an air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem, a waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem, an auxiliary electric heating subsystem, a catalytic oxidation subsystem, a waste heat power generation subsystem, a condensate water recovery subsystem, a smoke exhaust subsystem and an operation monitoring subsystem;
the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem is used for introducing ventilation air methane, monitoring the gas concentration in the ventilation air methane, filtering dust particles in the ventilation air methane and providing clean low-concentration gas;
the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem is connected with the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem and is used for preheating and heating the ventilation air methane in stages after the ventilation air methane is led in so as to enable the ventilation air methane to reach the operating temperature;
the catalytic oxidation subsystem is connected with the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem to provide a reaction place for the ventilation air methane reaching the reaction temperature;
the auxiliary electric heating subsystem is connected with the catalytic oxidation subsystem and used for starting the system and supplementing heat required by the system so as to meet the temperature requirement of catalytic oxidation in the operation process;
the waste heat power generation subsystem is connected with the catalytic oxidation subsystem, and drives the generator to generate power by using high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by catalytic oxidation reaction;
the condensed water recovery subsystem is connected with the catalytic oxidation subsystem, and is used for condensing and collecting the dead steam generated after the steam turbine applies work and the water vapor in the low-temperature flue gas so as to supplement the required water amount in the steam drum;
the smoke exhaust subsystem is connected with the catalytic oxidation subsystem, and the circulating heating of ventilation air is realized by adjusting the opening and closing of the air valve and the starting and stopping of the fan, so that the heating efficiency is improved; meanwhile, flow power is provided for ventilation air methane/flue gas, so that the flue gas is smoothly discharged;
the operation monitoring subsystem is connected with the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem, the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem, the auxiliary electric heating subsystem, the catalytic oxidation subsystem, the waste heat power generation subsystem, the condensate water recovery subsystem and the smoke exhaust subsystem, and is used for monitoring the state of each point in real time and timely adjusting the system according to the data deviation degree.
2. The steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas by utilizing waste heat in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air source concentration monitoring and filtering subsystem comprises an air valve (F1), a gas concentration detector (1), a ventilation air inlet (2) and a filter screen (3); the air valve (F1) and the gas concentration monitor (1) are arranged in the inlet pipe section and connected with the ventilation air inlet (2), and the ventilation air inlet (2) is connected with the filter screen (3).
3. The steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas by utilizing waste heat in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waste heat step heating ventilation air methane subsystem comprises a gas-water heat exchanger (4) in a primary heat exchange device, a high-temperature resistant variable-frequency water pump (5), a flue gas-water heat exchanger (6) in the primary heat exchange device, a gas-oil heat exchange device (7) in a secondary heat exchange device, a high-temperature resistant variable-frequency oil pump (8), a flue gas-oil heat exchanger (9) in the secondary heat exchange device, temperature monitoring (T1 and T2), pressure monitoring (P1 and P2), flow meters (M1 and M2); wherein: a gas-water heat exchanger (4) and a high-temperature-resistant variable-frequency water pump (5) in the primary heat exchange device are sequentially connected with a flue gas-water heat exchanger (6) in the primary heat exchange device to form a primary heat exchange device circulation loop, an outlet of the high-temperature-resistant variable-frequency water pump (5) is connected with a flowmeter (M1), and a thermal resistor (T1) and a pressure gauge (P1) are installed on an inlet pipe section of the gas-water heat exchanger (4) in the primary heat exchange device; the gas-oil heat exchange device (7) and the high-temperature resistant variable frequency oil pump (8) in the secondary heat exchange device are sequentially connected with the flue gas-oil heat exchanger (9) in the secondary heat exchange device to form a secondary heat exchange device circulation loop, the outlet of the high-temperature resistant variable frequency oil pump (8) is connected with the flow meter (M2), and the inlet pipe section of the gas-oil heat exchange device (7) in the secondary heat exchange device is provided with a thermocouple (T2) and a pressure gauge (P2).
4. The steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas by utilizing waste heat in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary electric heating subsystem comprises: a thermocouple (T3), an electric heating device (10) and an air equalizing plate (11); the gas-oil heat exchange device (7) in the secondary heat exchange device is connected with the electric heating device (10), the electric heating device (10) is connected with the inlet of the air-equalizing plate (11), and the thermocouple (T3) is arranged at the inlet end of the electric heating device (10).
5. The steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas by utilizing waste heat in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the catalytic oxidation subsystem comprises a catalytic oxidation layer (12), a flame folding angle (13), a thermocouple (T4) and a vacuum gauge (P4); the outlet of the air equalizing plate (11) is connected with the inlet of the catalytic oxidation layer (12), the outlet of the catalytic oxidation layer (12) is connected with the flame folding angle (13), and a thermocouple (T4) and a vacuum gauge (P4) are arranged at the outlet of the flame folding angle (13).
6. The steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas by utilizing waste heat in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waste heat power generation subsystem comprises a steam drum (14), a steam turbine (15), a power generator (16), a liquid storage tank (18), a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump (19) and a flowmeter (M3); an outlet of the flame folding angle (13) is connected with a steam pocket (14), a steam outlet of the steam pocket (14) is connected with an inlet of a steam turbine (15), the steam turbine (15) is connected with a generator (16), an outlet of the steam turbine (15) is connected with an exhaust steam inlet of a condenser (17), a condensate outlet of the condenser (17) is connected with a liquid storage tank (18), the liquid storage tank (18) is connected with an inlet of a condensate variable-frequency circulating water pump (19), an outlet of the condensate variable-frequency circulating water pump (19) is connected with a flow meter (M3), a flow meter (M3) is connected with a condensate inlet of the steam pocket (14), and a steam outlet and a condensate inlet of the steam pocket (14) are respectively provided with a thermocouple (T5), a thermal resistor (T6), a pressure gauge (P5) and a.
7. The steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas by using waste heat in a stepped manner according to claim 6, wherein: the condensed water recovery subsystem comprises condensers (17) and (20) and a condensed water pipe (24); condensed water outlets of the condensers (17) and (20) are connected with a condensed water pipe (24), the condensed water pipe (24) is connected with the liquid storage tank (18), and an outlet of the liquid storage tank (18) is connected with a condensed water variable-frequency circulating water pump (19).
8. The steady-state catalytic oxidation device for low-concentration gas by utilizing waste heat in a stepped manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the smoke exhaust subsystem comprises: CO22Concentration detector (21), draught fan (22), smoke pipeThe device comprises a flue (23), a chimney (25), a return flue (26), a flue gas circulating fan (27) and air valves (F2, F3 and F4); in one aspect, an air valve (F4) is installed at the inlet of the condenser 20, CO2The concentration detector (21) is arranged in a smoke exhaust pipeline (23), an induced draft fan (22) is arranged in the smoke exhaust pipeline (23), and the smoke exhaust pipeline (23) is connected with a chimney (25); on the other hand, an outlet (9) of a flue gas-oil heat exchanger in the secondary heat exchange device is communicated with a flue gas return pipeline (26), the flue gas return pipeline (26) is communicated with an inlet of a gas-oil heat exchange device (7) in the secondary heat exchange device, in addition, two ends of the flue gas return pipeline (26) are respectively provided with an air valve (F3 and an air valve (F2), and a flue gas circulating fan (27) is installed in the return flue (26).
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