CN110821849B - Cavitation monitoring method for fire pump - Google Patents
Cavitation monitoring method for fire pump Download PDFInfo
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- CN110821849B CN110821849B CN201911218995.8A CN201911218995A CN110821849B CN 110821849 B CN110821849 B CN 110821849B CN 201911218995 A CN201911218995 A CN 201911218995A CN 110821849 B CN110821849 B CN 110821849B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0088—Testing machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0077—Safety measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cavitation monitoring method for a fire pump, which comprises the following steps: acquiring and storing saturated vapor pressure of water and relevant parameters of operation and structure of a fire pump; acquiring the pressure and flow of a suction inlet of a fire pump and the passing water temperature in real time according to a fixed time interval and storing the pressure, flow and passing water temperature; looking up a table to obtain saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the current water temperature, and calculating a series of vapor etching residue values; and judging the cavitation condition of the fire fighting pump, taking targeted measures according to the judgment result and giving corresponding reason prompts. The invention starts from the comparison of two objective phenomena of the effective cavitation allowance and the necessary cavitation allowance of the fire pump, simultaneously considers the influence of the pressure, the flow and the water temperature of the suction inlet on the effective cavitation allowance, has comprehensive and direct investigation factors, and has the advantage of high reliability of analysis results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire pump monitoring, and particularly relates to a fire pump cavitation monitoring method.
Background
With the development of economic society, people pay more and more attention to safety problems. Among them, fire is a safety accident that is widely regarded by people. When a fire occurs, the most common method is to use a fire pump to deliver water to extinguish the fire. However, the environment of the fire extinguishing site is often very complex, various factors are full of uncertainty, once the fire pump fails due to some subjective or objective reasons, the normal work and water delivery of the fire pump are affected, and further, the fire extinguishing work is easily caused with adverse consequences. Cavitation is a very common type of operational failure in the operation of fire pumps. When the conditions of over-high delivery flow, over-high water temperature, insufficient water supply pressure and the like occur in the operation process of the fire pump, the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pump is possibly lower than the necessary cavitation allowance of the fire pump, cavitation is caused, water flow in the area near the inlet of the impeller is vaporized, adverse effects of obvious reduction of flow and lift, aggravation of vibration and impact, damage to the impeller and the like are brought, and the smooth operation of fire fighting is interfered.
In order to ensure smooth water flow conveying in the fire extinguishing process of the fire pump and avoid serious consequences caused by cavitation, monitoring and alarming of cavitation are required in the operation process of the fire pump. Many cavitation monitoring technologies of hydraulic machinery such as pumps and the like are developed, and the currently known cavitation monitoring technology is mainly designed to grasp the vibration phenomenon of the hydraulic machinery structure induced in the cavitation generation and development process and focuses on the analysis and processing of vibration signals. However, these techniques have three disadvantages: firstly, vibration signal monitoring of hydraulic machinery such as pumps and the like depends on a high-precision and easily-damaged vibration sensor and an auxiliary signal analysis device thereof, so that the manufacturing cost is high, and a professional installation and maintenance technology is required; secondly, the environment of a place where the fire pump operates is severe, conditions in all aspects are complex, and various environmental factors can interfere with vibration of equipment, so that the reliability of cavitation diagnosis is influenced; thirdly, whether cavitation occurs can only be simply judged by means of vibration monitoring, but possible reasons for the cavitation cannot be given, and therefore the fault removing operation of field personnel cannot be guided.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a monitoring method for fire pump cavitation, which is economically applicable, stable and reliable, and controls and prevents the fire pump cavitation in parallel, and design a corresponding monitoring device to effectively monitor, control and prevent the pump cavitation in a complex environment and under various uncertain conditions, by fully paying attention to various possible factors in the actual operating environment of the fire pump, aiming at the defects of the prior known technical scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fire pump cavitation monitoring method which is stable, reliable, economical, applicable, strong in pertinence, comprehensive in investigation factor and integrated in prevention and control.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a fire pump cavitation monitoring method comprises the following steps:
1) temperature T-vaporization pressure P of the obtained watervAccording to the curve and depending on the temperature T of the water-the evaporation pressure PvObtaining the temperature T and the vaporization pressure P of a plurality of groups of water by a curvevThe corresponding data of (2) are stored in a table form; obtaining the fire pump flow Q-necessary cavitation allowance (NPSH)rCurve and according to the fire pump flow Q-required cavitation margin (NPSH)rCurve acquisition of multiple sets of fire pump flow Q and necessary cavitation allowance (NPSH)rThe corresponding data of (2) are stored in a table form; obtaining fire pump suctionNominal diameter D of inlet flangeiAnd storing;
2) real-time acquisition of suction port pressure value P of fire pump according to fixed time intervaliFlow Q, temperature T through the water, and store:
3) obtaining the vaporization pressure P corresponding to the temperature T of the current water by looking up a tablevCalculating a series of cavitation residual values of the fire pump;
4) and judging the cavitation condition of the fire fighting pump, taking targeted measures according to the judgment result and giving corresponding reason prompts.
In the method for monitoring cavitation of the fire pump, the specific operation of the step 3) is as follows:
3.1) calculating the current value (NPSH) of the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pumpaIShort term predictive value (NPSH)aIIAnd long term prediction (NPSH)aIIIAnd the current required cavitation margin value (NPSH) of the fire pumprI：
Calculating the current value of the effective cavitation margin (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), PiI、viIAnd PVIRespectively the current value of the pressure of a suction inlet, the current value of the speed of the suction inlet and the current value of the vaporization pressure of water of the fire pump; rho and g are the density and the gravity acceleration of water respectively; wherein, the current value P of the suction inlet pressure of the fire pumpiIThe pressure sensor of the suction inlet collects the data; current value P of the pressure of vaporization of waterVIAccording to the current value T of the water temperature acquired by a temperature sensor in the inlet pipeline of the fire pumpITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvCorresponding to the table, and performing interpolation calculation to obtain the result; current value v of suction inlet speediIFlow current value Q acquired by fire pump outlet pipeline flowmeterIDivided by the area S of the fire pump suction inletiObtaining;
3.2) calculating the effective cavitation allowance short-term prediction value (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (3), PiII、viIIAnd PVIIRespectively a short-term predicted value of suction inlet pressure, a short-term predicted value of suction inlet speed and a short-term predicted value of vaporization pressure of water of the fire pump;
3.3) calculating the effective cavitation allowance long-term prediction value (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIIIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (4), PiIII、viIIIAnd PVIIIRespectively a long-term predicted value of suction inlet pressure, a long-term predicted value of suction inlet speed and a long-term predicted value of vaporization pressure of water of the fire pump;
3.4) calculating the current required cavitation residual value (NPSH) of the fire pumprIAccording to the current flow value Q collected by the outlet pipeline flowmeter of the fire pumpIChecking the flow Q of the fire pump obtained in the step 1) and the required cavitation allowance (NPSH)rCorresponding data table, obtaining the current value Q of the flowITwo close necessary cavitation margins (NPSH)rAnd then the calculation of interpolation is carried out.
In the method for monitoring cavitation of the fire pump, the specific operation of the step 4) is as follows:
respectively comparing the current values of the effective cavitation residual amounts (NPSH)aIShort-term prediction value (NPSH) of effective cavitation allowance of fire pumpaIILong-term predicted value (NPSH) of effective cavitation allowance of fire pumpaIIICurrent required cavitation margin value (NPSH) of fire pumprIComparing, outputting corresponding states according to comparison results, prompting and synchronously taking targeted measures:
4.1) judgment (NPSH)aI≤(NPSH)rIIf the cavitation erosion is not met, outputting a prompt of 'cavitation erosion has occurred at present', and reducing the opening degree of a fire pump outlet pipeline valve until reaching (NPSH)aI>(NPSH)rIThen go to step 42); otherwise, turning to step 4.2);
4.2) judgment (NPSH)aII≤(NPSH)rIIf yes, outputting a prompt of 'possibly being cavitation will' and corresponding suggestion, inquiring whether the user agrees to make automatic intervention, and if yes, reducing the opening degree of a fire pump outlet pipeline valve until (NPSH)aII>(NPSH)rIThen, the step 4.3) is carried out, and if the user does not agree, the step 4.3) is directly carried out; otherwise, turning to step 4.3);
4.3) judgment (NPSH)aIII≤(NPSH)rIIf yes, outputting a prompt of 'possible cavitation in the future', and returning to the step 4.1); otherwise, return to step 4.1).
In the method for monitoring cavitation of fire pump, the short-term predicted value P of the pressure of the suction inlet of the fire pump in the step 3.2)iIIShort-term predicted value v of speed of suction inletiIIAnd a short-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of waterVIIThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
3.2.1) according to the pressure value P of the suction inlet of the fire pump at different moments collected in the step 2iFlow Q time series and water temperature T, extracting m collected values each containing a current value, and composing respective short-term history series X ═ X in chronological order1,x2,…,xm]Wherein m is a positive integer between 5 and 20, and X is the acquired suction pressure value P of the fire pumpiA short term history sequence of flow Q or temperature T of the water;
3.2.2) determining the weighted arithmetic mean X of the respective short-term historical sequence valuesIII.e. short-term predicted values P for the pressure at the suction inlet of the fire pumpiIIShort-term flow prediction value QIIAnd a short-term predicted value T of water temperatureII：
In formula (5) fjAs weighting factors:
3.2.3) short-term flow prediction QIIDivided by the suction inlet area SiObtaining a short-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIShort-term predicted value T of water temperatureIITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvCorresponding to the table to obtain the short-term predicted value T of water temperatureIIThe vaporization pressures corresponding to the temperatures of the two close water are interpolated to obtain a short-term prediction value P of the vaporization pressures of the waterVII。
In the method for monitoring cavitation of fire pump, the long-term predicted value P of the pressure at the suction inlet of the fire pump in the step 3.3)iIIIThe long-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIIAnd long-term predicted value P of vaporization pressure of waterVIIIThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
3.3.1) pressure value P of suction inlet of fire pump acquired in step 2iTime series, flow Q time series and water temperature T time series, extracting the latest n collection values respectively containing the current values, and forming the respective long-term history series Y (Y) according to the chronological order1,y2,…,xn]Wherein n is an even number between 20 and 100, and Y is a collected suction pressure value P of the fire pumpiA long history sequence of flow Q or temperature T of the water;
3.3.2) calculating the arithmetic mean of the first half of the long-term history sequence Y
And the second half arithmetic mean
3.3.3) long term history of the respectiveCalculating long-term predicted value Y from sequence valueIIII.e. long-term predicted value P of suction inlet pressure of fire pumpiIIILong-term flow prediction value QIIIAnd long-term predicted value T of water temperatureIII：
3.3.4) Long-term prediction of Q from flowIIIDivided by the suction inlet area SiObtaining a long-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIIAccording to the long-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIIITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvCorresponding to the table to obtain the long-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIIIThe vaporization pressure P corresponding to the temperature T of the two closest watervAnd interpolation calculation is carried out to obtain a long-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of the waterVIII。
In the method for monitoring cavitation of fire pump, the corresponding suggestion of "possibly about cavitation" in step 4.2) is made by obtaining a short-term key influence parameter, wherein the short-term key influence parameter adopts a characteristic value a, and a calculation formula of the characteristic value a is as follows:
in the formula (10), max represents the maximum value of the three values in parentheses;
if the short-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion of the prompt is that 'the water level change condition at the water intake position is required to be checked and the water intake blockage is eliminated when the pressure of the suction inlet of the fire pump is predicted to be too low';
if the short-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion is prompted as "predict fire pump flow will be too large, please note control flow";
if short-term key shadowThe response parameter is
The corresponding suggestion of the prompt is that the water temperature of the fire pump is predicted to be overhigh and the water temperature change condition is noticed.
In the method for monitoring cavitation of fire pump, the suggestion of "possible cavitation in the future" in step 4.3) is made by obtaining a long-term key influence parameter, wherein the long-term key influence parameter adopts a characteristic value B, and the calculation formula of the characteristic value B is as follows:
in the formula (11), max represents the maximum value among three values in parentheses,
and
respectively the arithmetic mean values of the first half of the long-term history sequence of the pressure, the flow and the water temperature of the suction inlet of the fire pump;
if the long-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion of prompting is 'predicting the possible reduction of the suction inlet pressure of the fire pump in the future, please observe the water level change at the water intake and the blockage situation of the water intake';
if the long-term key impact parameter is
Then the corresponding suggestion that the flow rate of the fire pump is predicted to be increased in the future and the flow rate change condition is observed is prompted;
if the long-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion is that the water temperature of the fire pump is predictedTo possibly rise, please observe the water temperature change condition ".
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention starts from the comparison of two objective phenomena of the effective cavitation allowance and the necessary cavitation allowance of the fire pump, simultaneously considers the influence of the pressure, the flow and the water temperature of the suction inlet on the effective cavitation allowance, has comprehensive and direct investigation factors and high reliability of the analysis result.
2. The invention divides the effective cavitation residual value of the fire pump into a current value, a short-term predicted value and a long-term predicted value, compares the current value, the short-term predicted value and the long-term predicted value with the necessary cavitation residual value, and respectively makes regulation and control and alarm prompt and suggestions and other measures according to the comparison result, thereby not only meeting the regulation and control requirement when cavitation occurs, but also performing trend analysis and interpretation when cavitation does not occur, giving a prompt for possible cavitation occurrence risks and giving corresponding suggestions, therefore, the invention fully considers the requirements of two aspects of cavitation prevention and control, and can furthest ensure that the normal water delivery work of the fire pump is not influenced by cavitation faults in the operation process.
3. The fire pump cavitation monitoring method provided by the invention has the advantages of high reliability, strong stability, clear logic and easiness in programming realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the fire pump cavitation judgment and the targeted measures thereof.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a fire pump cavitation monitoring device used in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the steps of:
1. temperature T-vaporization pressure P of the obtained watervAccording to the curve and depending on the temperature T of the water-the evaporation pressure PvObtaining the temperature T and the vaporization pressure P of a plurality of groups of water by a curvevThe corresponding data of (2) are stored in a table form; obtaining the flow Q-necessary cavitation allowance of the fire pump(NPSH)rCurve and according to the fire pump flow Q-required cavitation margin (NPSH)rCurve acquisition of multiple sets of fire pump flow Q and necessary cavitation allowance (NPSH)rThe corresponding data of (2) are stored in a table form; obtaining the nominal diameter D of the flange of the suction inlet of the fire pumpiAnd stored.
2. Real-time acquisition of suction port pressure value P of fire pump according to fixed time intervaliFlow value Q, temperature T of the passing water, and storing:
acquiring the suction inlet pressure value P of the fire pump in real time by using a pressure sensor at fixed time intervalsiThe flow Q that the outlet pipeline of the fire pump passes through is collected in real time by using a flow sensor, the temperature T of water in the inlet pipeline of the fire pump is collected in real time by using a temperature sensor, and the temperature T is stored in a time series mode, wherein the fixed time interval is between 10 seconds and 1 minute.
3. Looking up a table to obtain the vaporization pressure P of the water corresponding to the temperature T of the current watervAnd respectively calculating the current value (NPSH) of the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pumpaIShort term predictive value (NPSH)aIIAnd long term prediction (NPSH)aIIIAnd the current required cavitation margin value (NPSH) of the fire pumprI。
3.1 calculating the current value of the effective cavitation margin (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), PiI、viIAnd PVIRespectively the current value of the pressure of a suction inlet, the current value of the speed of the suction inlet and the current value of the vaporization pressure of water of the fire pump, wherein rho and g are respectively the density and the gravity acceleration of the water, and the rho and g are respectively 1000kg/m3And 9.8m/s2. Wherein, the current value P of the suction inlet pressure of the fire pumpiIThe pressure sensor of the suction inlet collects the data; the current value of the vaporization pressure of the water is obtained according to the current value T of the water temperature acquired by a temperature sensor in the inlet pipeline of the fire pumpITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvData of (2)Form, obtaining current value T of water temperatureIThe vaporization pressures corresponding to the temperatures of the two adjacent water are obtained by interpolation calculation; current value v of suction inlet speediIFlow current value Q acquired by fire pump outlet pipeline flowmeterIDivided by the area S of the fire pump suction inletiIs obtained, wherein the suction inlet area SiThe calculation formula of (A) is as follows:
in the formula (2), DiIs the nominal diameter of the flange of the suction inlet of the fire pump.
3.2 calculating the effective cavitation margin short-term predicted value (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (3), PiII、viIIAnd PVIIThe short-term predicted value of the suction inlet pressure, the short-term predicted value of the suction inlet speed and the short-term predicted value of the vaporization pressure of the water of the fire pump are respectively. Short-term prediction value P of suction inlet pressureiIIShort-term predicted value v of speed of suction inletiIIAnd a short-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of waterVIIThe steps of (1) obtaining are as follows:
3.2.1 pressure value P of suction inlet of fire pump acquired in step 2iExtracting m collection values respectively containing current values from the time series, the flow Q time series and the temperature T time series of the water, and forming respective short-term historical sequences X [ X ] according to the chronological order1,x2,…,xm]Wherein m is a positive integer between 5 and 20, and X is the acquired suction pressure value P of the fire pumpiA short term history sequence of flow Q and temperature T of the water;
3.2.2 weighted arithmetic mean X is determined for each short-term historical sequence valueIII.e. short-term predicted values P for the pressure at the suction inlet of the fire pumpiIIShort-term flow prediction value QIIAnd a short-term predicted value T of water temperatureII：
In formula (5) fjAs weighting factors:
3.2.3 short-term flow prediction QIIDivided by the suction inlet area SiObtaining a short-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIAccording to the short-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvCorresponding to the data table to obtain a short-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIIThe vaporization pressure P corresponding to the temperature T of the two closest watervObtaining a short-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of the water through interpolation calculationVII。
3.3 calculating the effective cavitation margin of the fire pump Long-term prediction value (NPSH)aIIIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (4), PiIII、viIIIAnd PVIIIThe long-term predicted values are the suction inlet pressure, the suction inlet speed and the water vaporization pressure of the fire pump respectively.
The long-term predicted value P of the suction inlet pressure of the fire pumpiIIIThe long-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIIAnd long-term predicted value P of vaporization pressure of waterVIIIThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
3.3.1) pressure value P of suction inlet of fire pump acquired in step 2iTime series, flow Q time series and water temperature T time series, extracting the latest n collection values respectively containing the current values, and forming the respective long-term history series Y (Y) according to the chronological order1,y2,…,xn]Wherein n is an even number between 20 and 100, and Y is the acquired suction pressure of the fire pumpForce value PiA long history sequence of flow Q or temperature T of the water;
3.3.2) calculating the arithmetic mean of the first half of the long-term history sequence Y
And the second half arithmetic mean
3.3.3) obtaining Long-term predicted values Y for the respective Long-term historical sequence valuesIIII.e. long-term predicted value P of suction inlet pressure of fire pumpiIIILong-term flow prediction value QIIIAnd long-term predicted value T of water temperatureIII：
3.3.4) Long-term prediction of Q from flowIIIDivided by the suction inlet area SiObtaining a long-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIIAccording to the long-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIIITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvCorresponding to the table to obtain the long-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIIIThe vaporization pressure P corresponding to the temperature T of the two closest watervAnd interpolation calculation is carried out to obtain a long-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of the waterVIII。
3.4 calculating the current required cavitation residual value (NPSH) of the fire pumprIAccording to the current flow value Q acquired by the fire pump outlet pipeline flowmeterIChecking the fire pump flow Q-required cavitation allowance (NPSH) obtained in step 1rCorresponding data table, obtaining the current value Q of the flowITwo close necessary cavitation margins (NPSH)rAnd then the calculation of interpolation is carried out.
4. Judging the cavitation condition of the fire fighting pump, taking targeted measures according to the judgment result and giving corresponding reason prompts:
respectively comparing the current values (NPSH) of the effective cavitation marginsaIShort-term prediction value (NPSH) of effective cavitation allowance of fire pumpaIILong-term predicted value (NPSH) of effective cavitation allowance of fire pumpaIIICurrent required cavitation margin value (NPSH) of fire pumprIComparing the sizes, outputting corresponding status prompts according to the comparison result, and synchronously taking targeted measures, as shown in fig. 2, the flow is as follows:
4.1 judgment (NPSH)aI≤(NPSH)rIIf the cavitation erosion is not met, outputting a current cavitation erosion prompt, and reducing the opening degree of a fire pump outlet pipeline valve until (NPSH)aI>(NPSH)rIThen, the step 4.2 is carried out; otherwise, turning to step 4.2;
4.2 judgment (NPSH)aII≤(NPSH)rIIf yes, outputting a prompt and corresponding suggestion that cavitation is about to occur, inquiring whether the user agrees to make automatic intervention, and if yes, reducing the opening degree of a fire pump outlet pipeline valve until (NPSH)aII>(NPSH)rIThen, turning to a substep 4.3, and directly turning to the substep 4.3 if the user does not agree; otherwise, turning to step 4.3;
the corresponding suggestion of the prompt of the possibility of cavitation is made by acquiring a short-term key influence parameter, wherein the short-term key influence parameter adopts a characteristic value A, and the calculation formula of the characteristic value A is as follows:
in the formula (10), max represents the maximum value of the three values in parentheses;
if the short-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion for the prompt is "PreMeasuring the pressure of a suction inlet of the fire pump to be too low, and checking the water level change condition of a water taking position and removing a water taking inlet blockage;
if the short-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion is prompted as "predict fire pump flow will be too large, please note control flow";
if the short-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion of the prompt is that the water temperature of the fire pump is predicted to be overhigh and the water temperature change condition is noticed.
4.3 judgment (NPSH)aIII≤(NPSH)rIIf yes, outputting a future cavitation possibility prompt and a corresponding suggestion, and returning to the step 4.1; otherwise, return to step 4.1.
The corresponding suggestion of the prompt of the future possible cavitation is made by acquiring a long-term key influence parameter, wherein the long-term key influence parameter adopts a characteristic value B, and the calculation formula of the characteristic value B is as follows:
in the formula (11), max represents the maximum value among three values in parentheses,
and
the first arithmetic mean of the long-term historical sequence of fire pump suction pressure, flow and water temperature, respectively, obtained by the method of claim 3.
If the long-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion prompted is "predicted fire protectionThe pressure of a pump suction inlet can be reduced in the future, and the water level change of a water taking place and the blockage situation of a water taking port are observed;
if the long-term key impact parameter is
Then the corresponding suggestion that the flow rate of the fire pump is predicted to be increased in the future and the flow rate change condition is observed is prompted;
if the long-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion that the water temperature of the fire pump is expected to rise in the future and the water temperature change is observed is prompted.
As shown in fig. 3, a fire pump cavitation monitoring device includes an input module, an acquisition module, a storage module, an operation module, a control module and a human-computer interaction module:
the input module, the acquisition module, the operation module, the control module and the human-computer interaction module are electrically connected with the storage module.
The input module is used for inputting the temperature T-vaporization pressure P of watervCurve and fire pump flow Q-required cavitation margin (NPSH)rData table corresponding to curves and nominal diameter D of flange of suction port of fire pumpi。
The acquisition module comprises a pressure sensor arranged at the suction inlet of the fire pump, a flow sensor arranged at the outlet pipeline of the fire pump and a temperature sensor arranged in the inlet pipeline of the fire pump and submerged in water, wherein the pressure sensor, the flow sensor and the temperature sensor are respectively used for acquiring the pressure value P of the suction inlet of the fire pump in real time according to a fixed time intervaliThe flow rate Q through the outlet pipe uses the temperature T of the water in the inlet pipe.
The storage module stores data provided by the input module, the acquisition module, the operation module, the control module and the human-computer interaction module, and transmits related data to the operation module, the control module and the human-computer interaction module according to requirements.
The operation module is used for processing and counting dataCalculating, and performing a current value (NPSH) of an effective cavitation margin of the fire pump in real time synchronously with a sensor signal acquisition of the acquisition moduleaIShort term predictive value (NPSH)aIILong term predictive value (NPSH)aIIIAnd the current value of the required cavitation margin (NPSH)rIAnd (4) calculating and comparing, judging key influence parameters according to conditions, and finally outputting an operation result to the control module and the human-computer interaction module.
The control module is used for receiving the instruction result output by the operation module, reducing the flow of the fire pump by reducing the opening of the outlet valve of the fire pump, and further increasing the current value (NPSH) of the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pumpaIOr short term predicted value of effective cavitation margin (NPSH)aII。
The man-machine interaction module is used for receiving the result output by the operation module, outputting a prompt and a corresponding suggestion, and inquiring whether the user agrees to make automatic intervention and returning an instruction whether the user agrees to the prompt under the condition of outputting a prompt of 'possibly being about to erode'.
Examples
Rated flow 120m for a fire pump3H, rated lift 56m and rated rotating speed 2900 r/min. Looking up basic data to obtain the water temperature T-vaporization pressure PvAccording to the curve and depending on the temperature T of the water-the evaporation pressure PvThe curve obtains the temperature T and the vaporization pressure P of the watervCorresponding data sets are tabulated in Table 1, stored, referred to the specification data of the fire pump product, and obtained the fire pump flow Q-required cavitation allowance (NPSH)rCurve and according to the fire pump flow Q-required cavitation margin (NPSH)rCurve obtained flow Q of fire pump and required cavitation allowance (NPSH)rCorresponding multiple groups of data are tabulated in table 2 and stored. Obtaining the nominal diameter D of the flange of the suction inlet of the fire pumpiAt 150mm, the area S of the suction inlet of the fire pump is obtainediIs 0.0177m2。
TABLE 1 temp. -VAPORIZATION PRESSURE METER FOR WATER
TABLE 2 flow-necessary vapor residual quantity measuring instrument for fire pump
On a certain day, the fire pump is used for fire drill, and the fire pump takes water from a certain water storage tank. Acquiring the suction inlet pressure value P of the fire pump in real time by using a pressure sensor according to a fixed 30-second time intervaliThe flow Q that the outlet pipeline of the fire pump passes through is collected in real time by using a flow sensor, the temperature T of water in the inlet pipeline of the fire pump is collected in real time by using a temperature sensor, and the three types of collection results are stored in a time series mode.
When the fire pump runs to 9:14:30, the fire pump reverses the 29 acquisition time intervals forwards by taking 9:14:30 as the current time, and data acquisition results of 30 time intervals in total are obtained, and the data acquisition results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 data gathering table for fire pump operation process
From Table 3, it can be found that at the current time (9:14:30), the current values of the suction pressure, the flow and the water temperature of the fire pump are 66738Pa and 142m respectively3At/h and 30 ℃, the current value of the suction inlet speed is 2.23m/s by dividing the current value of the flow rate by the area of the suction inlet, and the current value of the vaporization pressure of the water is 4242.24Pa by checking the current value of the water temperature through a table 1. Therefore, the current value (NPSH) of the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pump is obtained through calculationaIComprises the following steps:
the current required cavitation residual value (NPSH) of the fire pump is obtained by checking the current value of the flow through the table 2rIIt was 6.6 m.
Based on table 3, the suction pressure value P of the fire pump is aimed atiThe time series, the flow Q time series and the temperature T time series of the water extract the last 5 collected values (the corresponding time is 9:12:30 to 9:14:30) respectively containing the current value, and form the respective short-term history series according to the chronological order. Using the pressure value P of the suction inlet of the fire pumpiFor example, its short-term history sequence is [66640,66637,66934,66802,66738 ]]And calculating to obtain a short-term predicted value P of the pressure of the suction inlet of the fire pumpiIIComprises the following steps:
similarly, a short-term predicted value Q of the flow is calculatedIIAnd a short-term predicted value T of water temperatureIIRespectively 139.9m3H and 29.9 ℃, i.e. short-term prediction of the suction inlet velocity viII2.20m/s, a short-term predicted value T of water temperatureIIThe short-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of water is found by the following table 1VIIIt was 4242.24 Pa. Therefore, the short-term predicted value (NPSH) of the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pump is obtained through calculationaIIComprises the following steps:
based on table 3, the suction pressure value P of the fire pump is aimed atiThe time series, the flow Q time series and the temperature T time series of the water are extracted, the last 30 collection values (the corresponding time is 9:00:00 to 9:14:30) containing the current values are extracted, and the long-term history series are formed according to the time sequence. The long-term history sequence is equally divided into a first half part and a second half part, and the numerical values in the two parts are kept unchanged in the original sequence. Using the pressure value P of the suction inlet of the fire pumpiFor example, the arithmetic mean of the first half thereof
And the second half arithmetic mean
70051Pa and 67228Pa, respectively, so its long-term prediction value PiIII＝2*67228-70051＝64405Pa。
Similarly, a long-term predicted value Q of the flow is calculatedIIIAnd long-term predicted value T of water temperatureIIIAre respectively 137.8m3H and 30.3 deg.C, the first half arithmetic mean of a long-term historical sequence of flow and water temperatures
And
are respectively 140.7m3H and 29.3 ℃. I.e. the long-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIIIs 2.16m/s, and the long-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIIIThe long-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of water is found through the table 1VIIIIt was 4242.24 Pa. Therefore, the long-term predicted value (NPSH) of the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pump is obtained through calculationaIIIComprises the following steps:
respectively comparing the current values (NPSH) of the effective cavitation marginsaIShort-term prediction value (NPSH) of effective cavitation allowance of fire pumpaIILong-term predicted value (NPSH) of effective cavitation allowance of fire pumpaIIICurrent required cavitation margin value (NPSH) of fire pumprIBy comparison of the sizes, it can be found (NPSH)aI>(NPSH)rI，(NPSH)aII>(NPSH)rI，(NPSH)aIII≤(NPSH)rISo step 4.3 is executed to output a "future cavitation likely" prompt.
In order to further give a corresponding suggestion of a "possible cavitation in the future" prompt, a determination of long-term key impact parameters is made. The characteristic value B obtained by calculation is as follows:
therefore, the long-term key influence parameter is the pressure of the suction inlet of the fire pump. That is, from the long-term trend, the suction pressure of the fire pump has a large decreasing trend, the flow rate has a decreasing trend, and the water temperature has a small increasing trend, and the three factors are eliminated, so that the effective cavitation margin of the fire pump has a decreasing trend as a whole, and the key influence factor is the suction pressure. Therefore, the corresponding suggestion is given as "the future possible reduction of the suction pressure of the fire pump is predicted, and the water level change of the water intake place and the blockage situation of the water intake are observed".
According to suggestion and suggestion above, fire pump operating personnel inspects to the tank department for the fire pump water supply, finds that the fire pump operation in-process is constantly from the tank water intaking, and the water level of tank constantly reduces for fire pump sunction inlet pressure presents the decline trend, and then brings the risk of taking place the cavitation in the future. The water replenishing operation is immediately carried out on the water storage tank by an operator, so that the water level of the water storage tank is restored to a normal and stable state, and the cavitation risk of the fire pump is relieved.
The method for monitoring the cavitation of the fire pump provided by the invention simultaneously considers the factors of three aspects of the pressure, the flow and the water temperature of the suction inlet which influence the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pump, and respectively calculates and obtains the current value, the short-term predicted value and the long-term predicted value of the effective cavitation allowance of the fire pump by using a time sequence prediction tool and compares the current value, the short-term predicted value and the long-term predicted value with the required cavitation allowance of the fire pump, thereby effectively judging whether the fire pump generates the cavitation currently and the possibility of the cavitation generation in the short term and the long term in the future. The method is objective and scientific, takes factors into consideration comprehensively, realizes organic combination of regulation and control and prevention, and can reduce cavitation risk in the operation process of the fire pump to the maximum extent. In addition, a trend analysis tool is designed, and when the fire pump runs and cavitation possibly occurs in a short term and a long term in the future, the trend of historical data is analyzed, key influence factors are searched, and a targeted suggestion is given, so that prevention and troubleshooting operations of field operators can be effectively guided. Therefore, the fire pump cavitation monitoring method and the fire pump cavitation monitoring device have the advantages of stability, reliability, clear logic, economy, applicability, user friendliness and the like, and have remarkable advantages compared with the existing fire pump cavitation monitoring technology.
Claims (4)
1. A fire pump cavitation monitoring method comprises the following steps:
1) temperature T-vaporization pressure P of the obtained watervAccording to the curve and depending on the temperature T of the water-the evaporation pressure PvObtaining the temperature T and the vaporization pressure P of a plurality of groups of water by a curvevThe corresponding data of (2) are stored in a table form; obtaining the fire pump flow Q-necessary cavitation allowance (NPSH)rCurve and according to the fire pump flow Q-required cavitation margin (NPSH)rCurve acquisition of multiple sets of fire pump flow Q and necessary cavitation allowance (NPSH)rThe corresponding data of (2) are stored in a table form; obtaining the nominal diameter D of the flange of the suction inlet of the fire pumpiAnd storing;
2) real-time acquisition of suction port pressure value P of fire pump according to fixed time intervaliThe flow Q and the passing water temperature value T are stored;
3) obtaining the vaporization pressure P corresponding to the temperature T of the current water by looking up a tablevCalculating a series of cavitation residual values of the fire pump; the specific operation is as follows:
calculating the current value of the effective cavitation margin (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIShort term predictive value (NPSH)aIIAnd long term prediction (NPSH)aIIIAnd the current required cavitation margin value (NPSH) of the fire pumprI：
3.1) calculating the current value of the effective cavitation allowance (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), PiI、viIAnd PVIRespectively the current value of the pressure of a suction inlet, the current value of the speed of the suction inlet and the current value of the vaporization pressure of water of the fire pump; rho and g are the density and the gravity acceleration of water respectively; wherein, the current value P of the suction inlet pressure of the fire pumpiIThe pressure sensor of the suction inlet collects the data; current value P of the pressure of vaporization of waterVIAccording to fire pump inlet pipeThe current value T of the water temperature acquired by the temperature sensor in the roadITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvCorresponding to the table, and obtaining the current value T of the water temperatureIThe vaporization pressure P corresponding to the temperature T of the two closest watervAnd carrying out interpolation calculation to obtain; current value v of suction inlet speediIFlow current value Q acquired by fire pump outlet pipeline flowmeterIDivided by the area S of the fire pump suction inletiObtaining;
3.2) calculating the effective cavitation allowance short-term prediction value (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (3), PiII、viIIAnd PVIIRespectively a short-term predicted value of suction inlet pressure, a short-term predicted value of suction inlet speed and a short-term predicted value of vaporization pressure of water of the fire pump;
the short-term predicted value P of the suction inlet pressure of the fire pumpiIIShort-term predicted value v of speed of suction inletiIIAnd a short-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of waterVIIThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
3.2.1) according to the pressure value P of the suction inlet of the fire pump at different moments collected in the step 2iFlow Q time series and water temperature T, extracting m collected values each containing a current value, and composing respective short-term history series X ═ X in chronological order1,x2,…,xm]Wherein m is a positive integer between 5 and 20, and X is the acquired suction pressure value P of the fire pumpiA short term history sequence of flow Q or temperature T of the water;
3.2.2) determining the weighted arithmetic mean X of the respective short-term historical sequence valuesIII.e. short-term predicted values P for the pressure at the suction inlet of the fire pumpiIIShort-term flow prediction value QIIAnd a short-term predicted value T of water temperatureII：
In formula (5) fjAs weighting factors:
3.2.3) short-term flow prediction QIIDivided by the suction inlet area SiObtaining a short-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIAccording to the short-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvCorresponding to the table to obtain the short-term predicted value T of water temperatureIIThe vaporization pressures corresponding to the temperatures of the two close water are interpolated to obtain a short-term prediction value P of the vaporization pressures of the waterVII；
3.3) calculating the effective cavitation allowance long-term prediction value (NPSH) of the fire pumpaIIIThe formula is as follows:
in the formula (4), PiIII、viIIIAnd PVIIIRespectively a long-term predicted value of suction inlet pressure, a long-term predicted value of suction inlet speed and a long-term predicted value of vaporization pressure of water of the fire pump;
the long-term predicted value P of the suction inlet pressure of the fire pumpiIIIThe long-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIIAnd long-term predicted value P of vaporization pressure of waterVIIIThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
3.3.1) pressure value P of suction inlet of fire pump acquired in step 2iTime series, flow Q time series and water temperature T time series, extracting the latest n collection values respectively containing the current values, and forming the respective long-term history series Y (Y) according to the chronological order1,y2,…,xn]Wherein n is an even number between 20 and 100, and Y is a collected suction pressure value P of the fire pumpiA long history sequence of flow Q or temperature T of the water;
3.3.2) finding the first half of the Long-term History sequence YArithmetic mean value
And the second half arithmetic mean
3.3.3) obtaining Long-term predicted values Y for the respective Long-term historical sequence valuesIIII.e. long-term predicted value P of suction inlet pressure of fire pumpiIIILong-term flow prediction value QIIIAnd long-term predicted value T of water temperatureIII：
3.3.4) Long-term prediction of Q from flowIIIDivided by the suction inlet area SiObtaining a long-term predicted value v of the speed of the suction inletiIIIAccording to the long-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIIITemperature T and vaporization pressure P of water examinationvCorresponding to the table to obtain the long-term predicted value T of the water temperatureIIIThe vaporization pressure P corresponding to the temperature T of the two closest watervAnd interpolation calculation is carried out to obtain a long-term predicted value P of the vaporization pressure of the waterVIII；
3.4) calculating the current required cavitation residual value (NPSH) of the fire pumprIAccording to the current flow value Q collected by the outlet pipeline flowmeter of the fire pumpIChecking the flow Q and the required cavitation allowance (NPSH) of the fire pump obtained in the step 1)rCorresponding data table, obtaining the necessary cavitation allowance (NPSH) corresponding to two fire pump flow rates Q close to the data tablerThen, carrying out interpolation calculation to obtain;
4) and judging the cavitation condition of the fire fighting pump, taking targeted measures according to the judgment result and giving corresponding reason prompts.
2. The fire pump cavitation monitoring method according to claim 1, the specific operation of step 4) is as follows:
respectively comparing the current values of the effective cavitation residual amounts (NPSH)aIShort-term prediction value (NPSH) of effective cavitation allowance of fire pumpaIILong-term predicted value (NPSH) of effective cavitation allowance of fire pumpaIIIThe three parts and the current required cavitation residual value (NPSH) of the fire pumprIComparing, outputting corresponding states according to comparison results, prompting and synchronously taking targeted measures:
4.1) judgment (NPSH)aI≤(NPSH)rIIf the cavitation erosion is not met, outputting a prompt of 'cavitation erosion has occurred at present', and reducing the opening degree of a fire pump outlet pipeline valve until reaching (NPSH)aI>(NPSH)rIThen, the step 4.2) is carried out; otherwise, turning to step 4.2);
4.2) judgment (NPSH)aII≤(NPSH)rIIf yes, outputting a prompt of 'possibly being cavitation will' and corresponding suggestion, inquiring whether the user agrees to make automatic intervention, and if yes, reducing the opening degree of a fire pump outlet pipeline valve until (NPSH)aII>(NPSH)rIThen, the step 4.3) is carried out, and if the user does not agree, the step 4.3) is directly carried out; otherwise, turning to step 4.3);
4.3) judgment (NPSH)aIII≤(NPSH)rIIf yes, outputting a prompt of 'possible cavitation in the future', and returning to the step 4.1); otherwise, return to step 4.1).
3. The fire pump cavitation monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the corresponding suggestion of the "cavitation is about to be possible" prompt in step 4.2) is made by obtaining a short-term key influence parameter, wherein the short-term key influence parameter adopts a characteristic value A, and the calculation formula of the characteristic value A is as follows:
in the formula (10), max represents the maximum value of the three values in parentheses;
if the short-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion of the prompt is that 'the water level change condition at the water intake position is required to be checked and the water intake blockage is eliminated when the pressure of the suction inlet of the fire pump is predicted to be too low';
if the short-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion is prompted as "predict fire pump flow will be too large, please note control flow";
if the short-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion of the prompt is that the water temperature of the fire pump is predicted to be overhigh and the water temperature change condition is noticed.
4. The fire pump cavitation monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the corresponding suggestion of the "possible cavitation in the future" prompt in step 4.3) is made by obtaining a long-term key influence parameter, wherein the long-term key influence parameter is a characteristic value B, and the calculation formula of the characteristic value B is as follows:
in the formula (11), max represents the maximum value among three values in parentheses,
and
are respectively a suction inlet of a fire pumpThe first half arithmetic mean of the long-term historical sequence of pressure, flow and water temperature;
if the long-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion of prompting is 'predicting the possible reduction of the suction inlet pressure of the fire pump in the future, please observe the water level change at the water intake and the blockage situation of the water intake';
if the long-term key impact parameter is
Then the corresponding suggestion that the flow rate of the fire pump is predicted to be increased in the future and the flow rate change condition is observed is prompted;
if the long-term key impact parameter is
The corresponding suggestion that the water temperature of the fire pump is expected to rise in the future and the water temperature change is observed is prompted.
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| CN114251278B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-12-08 | 湖南凯利特泵业有限公司 | Device and method for observing cavitation condition of water pump impeller based on photoelectric tube |
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