CN110821655B - Reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine and combustion control method - Google Patents
Reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine and combustion control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110821655B CN110821655B CN201810935879.7A CN201810935879A CN110821655B CN 110821655 B CN110821655 B CN 110821655B CN 201810935879 A CN201810935879 A CN 201810935879A CN 110821655 B CN110821655 B CN 110821655B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
- F02B69/02—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
- F02B69/04—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/242—Arrangement of spark plugs or injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M39/00—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine and a combustion control method, and belongs to the field of combustion of internal combustion engines. The cylinder cover is provided with a cylinder cover main fuel nozzle and/or the cylinder sleeve is provided with a cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle, the cylinder cover is provided with a plasma nozzle, and the cylinder sleeve is provided with a reformed gas nozzle. Under the condition that the cylinder cover and the cylinder sleeve are simultaneously provided with the main fuel nozzle, the main fuel nozzle of the cylinder cover is used for supplying fuel during low load, so that the heat efficiency is improved; at medium load, the main fuel nozzle of cylinder sleeve supplies fuel to reduce NOxGenerating; at high load, both the cylinder liner main fuel nozzle and the cylinder head main fuel nozzle supply fuel to control knocking. And high-efficiency clean combustion in all working condition ranges is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combustion of internal combustion engines, in particular to a reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine and a combustion control method.
Background
In order to reduce emissions, the use of hydrogen-loaded combustion technology in two-stroke engines can improve engine performance and emissions, primarily because of the high propagation speed of the combustion flame, the promotion of adequate combustion of the fuel, increased thermal efficiency, reduced unburned products, and low ignition temperatures, which can improve cold-start of the engine. The production cost and storage of hydrogen is one difficulty currently applied to engines.
Energy and environmental issues are becoming more prominent, and low temperature combustion of premixed compression ignition can improve the thermal efficiency of the engine and reduce NOx emissions. However, the ignition timing of premixed compression ignition is affected by environmental conditions and engine operating conditions and is difficult to control reliably. In addition, the working condition range is small, excessive HC and CO can be generated in cold start and low load, and knocking can be generated in high load.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new engine structure to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine and a combustion control method. The method mainly utilizes the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the engine to carry out catalytic reforming on the easily reformed fuel, and measures such as arranging a plasma nozzle, reasonably utilizing reformed gas, arranging a cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle and a cylinder cover main fuel nozzle, adjusting injection strategies and the like are adopted to realize the efficient clean combustion in all working condition ranges of the plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine of single fuel based on reformed gas, including scavenging port, exhaust passage and combustion chamber, characterized by that, set up the cylinder cover main fuel spray nozzle and/or set up the cylinder jacket main fuel spray nozzle on the cylinder cover; a plasma nozzle is arranged on the cylinder cover; the cylinder sleeve is provided with a reformed gas nozzle.
The plasma electric nozzle and the cylinder cover main fuel nozzle are arranged on the side surface of the cylinder cover, and the number of the plasma electric nozzle and the cylinder cover main fuel nozzle is at least 2; the setting position of the main fuel nozzle of the cylinder sleeve is determined according to the fuel density, the main fuel nozzle is arranged at the upper part of the cylinder sleeve when the fuel density is greater than the air, and is arranged at the middle part of the cylinder sleeve when the fuel density is less than the air, and the number of the main fuel nozzles of the cylinder sleeve is at least 2; the number of reformate gas nozzles is at least 1.
And the bottom of the cylinder cover, the bottom of the air valve, the top surface of the piston, the fire bank and the upper part of the cylinder sleeve which can not be contacted by the piston ring are sprayed with a heat insulation coating, or the top of the piston is selected from a heat insulation material.
Using variable valve technology and/or using exhaust gas recirculation technology.
The reformed gas is obtained by modifying carbohydrate, alcohol, ether or hydrocarbon by utilizing the waste heat energy of the engine exhaust gas and/or an electric heating device and/or directly electrolyzing to prepare or fill pure hydrogen.
The plasma nozzle may also be replaced with a spark plug.
When the main fuel is diesel oil, ether, or mixed fuel containing diesel oil or mixed fuel containing ether, the fuel nozzle can only select the cylinder cover fuel nozzle, the compression ratio is set to the critical compression ratio that the main fuel can not be directly compressed to ignite, and the premixed compression ignition is carried out.
The engine is provided with a main fuel nozzle which is easy to atomize on a cylinder cover and a cylinder sleeve, and a reforming gas nozzle on the cylinder sleeve, wherein the compression ratio is set to be a critical compression ratio at which the main fuel can not be directly compressed and ignited, and a premixed compression ignition mode of plasma nozzle ignition is adopted. Or, the following control is carried out according to the working condition size:
at low load, fuel is supplied by using a cylinder head main fuel nozzle and a reforming gas nozzle;
at medium load, fuel is supplied by using a cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle and a reformed gas nozzle;
at high loads, the cylinder liner main fuel nozzle, the cylinder head main fuel nozzle, and the reformed gas nozzle are used to supply fuel.
In cold start, variable valve technology is adopted to raise compression ratio and main fuel and/or reformed gas is injected into combustion chamber for ignition
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the single-fuel plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine based on reformed gas can utilize the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the engine to perform on-line catalytic reforming on the fuel which is easy to reform and produce hydrogen, thereby not only effectively performing the heat management of the engine, but also solving the difficulty of storing hydrogen. The engine is provided with an easily atomized main fuel nozzle on a cylinder cover and a cylinder sleeve, and is provided with a reformed gas nozzle on the cylinder sleeve, under different working conditions, the engine carries out the injection strategy of different working conditions, realizes different combustion modes, can also set a critical compression ratio, and adopts a premixing compression ignition mode of plasma electric nozzle ignition. Thereby realizing high-efficiency clean combustion in all working condition ranges.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a reformate-based plasma torch two-stroke engine.
In the figure: 1. scavenging port, 2, exhaust passage, 3, combustion chamber, 4, cylinder jacket main fuel nozzle, 5, cylinder cover main fuel nozzle, 6, plasma nozzle, 7 and reformed gas nozzle.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 70 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
As shown in fig. 1, the engine comprises a scavenging port 1, an exhaust passage 2 and a combustion chamber 3, and is characterized in that a cylinder head main fuel nozzle 5 is arranged on a cylinder head and/or a cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle 4 is arranged on a cylinder sleeve; a plasma nozzle 6 is arranged on the cylinder cover; a reformed gas nozzle 7 is provided on the cylinder liner.
The plasma electric nozzle 6 and the cylinder cover main fuel nozzle 5 are arranged on the side surface of the cylinder cover, and the number of the plasma electric nozzle 6 and the cylinder cover main fuel nozzle 5 is at least 2; the setting position of the cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle 4 is determined according to the fuel density, the cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle is arranged at the upper part of the cylinder sleeve when the fuel density is greater than air, and is arranged at the middle part of the cylinder sleeve when the fuel density is less than air, and the number of the cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzles 4 is at least 2; the number of the reformed-gas nozzles 7 is at least 1.
The bottom of the cylinder cover, the bottom of the air valve, the top surface of the piston, the firepower bank and the upper part of the cylinder sleeve which can not be contacted by the piston ring are sprayed with heat insulation coatings, or the top of the piston is selected from heat insulation materials, so that the heat transfer loss is reduced, and the heat efficiency of the engine is further improved.
Variable valve technology is adopted to realize variable compression ratio.
And the combustion speed of the fuel in the cylinder is controlled by adopting an exhaust gas recirculation technology.
The reformed gas is obtained by modifying carbohydrate, alcohol, ether or hydrocarbon by utilizing the waste heat energy of the engine exhaust gas and/or an electric heating device and/or directly electrolyzing to prepare or fill pure hydrogen.
The plasma torch 6 may be replaced with a spark plug.
When the main fuel is diesel oil, ether, or mixed fuel containing diesel oil or mixed fuel containing ether, the fuel nozzle can only select the cylinder cover fuel nozzle, the compression ratio is set to the critical compression ratio that the main fuel can not be directly compressed to ignite, and the premixed compression ignition is carried out.
Example 1:
the engine is provided with a main fuel nozzle which is easy to atomize on a cylinder cover and a cylinder sleeve simultaneously, and a reformed gas nozzle 7 on the cylinder sleeve, the compression ratio is set to be a critical compression ratio at which the main fuel can not be directly compressed and ignited, and a premixed compression ignition mode of igniting by a plasma nozzle 6 is adopted. Or, the following control is carried out according to the working condition size:
at the time of low load, fuel is supplied by using the cylinder head main fuel nozzle 5 and the reformed gas nozzle 7, and layered mixed gas is formed in the cylinder, so that rapid and sufficient combustion is realized, and emission of HC and CO is reduced.
At medium load, the cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle 4 and the reformed gas nozzle 7 are used for supplying fuel, relatively homogeneous lean mixed gas is formed in the cylinder, fast combustion is realized, and NOx emission is reduced.
At high load, the cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle 4, the cylinder cover main fuel nozzle 5 and the reformed gas nozzle 7 are used for supplying fuel, relatively homogeneous premixed gas is formed in a cylinder, and the cylinder cover main fuel nozzle 5 is used for supplying fuel near a compression top dead center, so that knocking is inhibited, and stable and efficient clean combustion is completed.
At the time of cold start, the compression ratio is increased by using a variable valve technology, and main fuel and/or reformed gas are injected into the combustion chamber 3 to be ignited.
In the embodiment, the main fuel is taken as methanol, and research is carried out on a two-stroke engine, so that compared with the original engine, the thermal efficiency is improved by 10%, the nitrogen oxide is reduced by 70%, and the particulate matter emission is reduced by 95%. Other embodiments of the invention can also achieve the effect of efficient clean combustion.
Example 2: different from the embodiment 1, the method reduces the number of the cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzles 4, and realizes efficient and clean partial operating condition combustion by mixing with reformed gas and combusting through changing the injection time, the injection times and other strategies of the cylinder cover main fuel nozzles 5.
Example 3: unlike embodiment 1, the cylinder head main fuel nozzle 5 is reduced, and the main fuel is injected through the cylinder liner main fuel nozzle 4 and mixed with the reformed gas for combustion, thereby achieving efficient clean combustion.
Example 4: different from the embodiments 1-3, the method adopts the variable valve technology and the exhaust gas recirculation technology, sets the critical compression ratio, enables the mixed gas to be in the critical state which can not be directly compressed and is close to compressed and ignited, and adopts the premixing compression ignition mode of plasma electric nozzle 6 ignition to carry out high-efficiency clean combustion.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A kind of plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine of single fuel based on reformed gas, including scavenging port (1), exhaust passage (2) and combustion chamber (3), characterized by that, set up the cylinder cover main fuel spray nozzle (5) on the cylinder cover and set up the cylinder jacket main fuel spray nozzle (4) on the cylinder jacket; a plasma nozzle (6) is arranged on the cylinder cover; a reformed gas nozzle (7) is arranged on the cylinder sleeve; the plasma electric nozzle (6) and the cylinder cover main fuel nozzle (5) are arranged on the side surface of the cylinder cover, and the number of the plasma electric nozzle (6) and the cylinder cover main fuel nozzle (5) is at least 2; the setting position of the cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzle (4) is determined according to the fuel density, the fuel nozzle is arranged at the upper part of the cylinder sleeve when the fuel density is greater than air, the fuel nozzle is arranged at the middle part of the cylinder sleeve when the fuel density is less than air, and the number of the cylinder sleeve main fuel nozzles (4) is at least 2; the number of the reformed gas nozzles (7) is at least 1; the reformed gas is obtained by modifying carbohydrates, alcohols, ethers or hydrocarbons by utilizing the waste heat energy of the exhaust gas of the engine and an electric heating device;
the combustion control method of the reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma nozzle type two-stroke engine comprises the following steps: the engine is provided with a main fuel nozzle which is easy to atomize on a cylinder cover and a cylinder sleeve simultaneously, and a reformed gas nozzle is arranged on the cylinder sleeve, the compression ratio is set to be a critical compression ratio at which the main fuel can not be directly compressed and ignited, and a premixed compression ignition mode of plasma electric nozzle ignition is adopted; or, the following control is carried out according to the working condition size: at the time of low load, fuel is supplied by using a cylinder head main fuel nozzle (5) and a reforming gas nozzle (7); when the fuel is supplied by using the cylinder liner main fuel nozzle (4) and the reformed gas nozzle (7) under a medium load, the fuel is supplied by using the cylinder liner main fuel nozzle (4), the cylinder head main fuel nozzle (5) and the reformed gas nozzle (7).
2. A reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma-torch two-stroke engine according to claim 1, wherein: and the bottom of the cylinder cover, the bottom of the air valve, the top surface of the piston, the fire bank and the upper part of the cylinder sleeve which can not be contacted by the piston ring are sprayed with a heat insulation coating, or the top of the piston is selected from a heat insulation material.
3. A reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma-torch two-stroke engine according to claim 1, wherein: using variable valve technology and/or using exhaust gas recirculation technology.
4. A reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma-torch two-stroke engine according to claim 1, wherein: the plasma nozzle (6) can also be replaced by a spark plug.
5. A reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma-torch two-stroke engine according to claim 1, wherein: when the main fuel is diesel oil, ether, mixed fuel containing diesel oil or mixed fuel containing ether, the fuel nozzle can only select a cylinder cover fuel nozzle, the compression ratio is set to be a critical compression ratio that the main fuel can not be directly compressed to ignite, and the premixed compression ignition is carried out.
6. A reformed gas-based single-fuel plasma-torch two-stroke engine according to claim 1, wherein: during cold start, the compression ratio is increased by adopting a variable valve technology, and main fuel and/or reformed gas are injected into the combustion chamber (3) for ignition.
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| CN107781026A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-03-09 | 大连理工大学 | Spark ignitor formula internal combustion engine homogeneous charge compression ignition system |
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