CN110821539B - Energy-absorbing anchor rod with function of monitoring surrounding rock deformation and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Energy-absorbing anchor rod with function of monitoring surrounding rock deformation and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110821539B CN110821539B CN201911120387.3A CN201911120387A CN110821539B CN 110821539 B CN110821539 B CN 110821539B CN 201911120387 A CN201911120387 A CN 201911120387A CN 110821539 B CN110821539 B CN 110821539B
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- energy
- absorbing
- surrounding rock
- rod body
- deformation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-absorbing anchor rod with a surrounding rock deformation monitoring function, which comprises an auxiliary sleeve, an energy-absorbing rod body and a bearing, wherein the first end part of the energy-absorbing rod body is connected with an anchor head, the second end part of the energy-absorbing rod body is also axially connected with the bearing, and the auxiliary sleeve is sleeved outside the energy-absorbing rod body; the energy absorption rod body is twisted when being pulled by surrounding rock to generate relative angular displacement, and the bearing is provided with scales for displaying the size of the generated relative angular displacement; one end of the anchor head is expanded to form an expanded end, the outer side of the anchor head is further sleeved with an expansion shell, and the outer side of the expansion shell is in threaded connection with an auxiliary sleeve. The high-strength energy-absorbing anchor rod capable of monitoring the deformation function of the surrounding rock is used, so that the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is exerted, and the deformation and damage of the surrounding rock are controlled and monitored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of anchor rod support, in particular to an energy-absorbing anchor rod with a function of monitoring surrounding rock deformation and a construction method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous increase of underground engineering burial depth, the original rock stress is continuously increased, and at the moment, the surrounding rock often has disasters such as large deformation, rock burst, roof fall, rib spalling and the like under the condition of high ground stress. The anchor rod is a supporting component which is widely applied, has more than one hundred years of use history, and can obviously improve the bearing capacity of surrounding rock and improve the stability of the surrounding rock, so the anchor rod is widely applied to various geotechnical engineering fields such as mines, tunnels and the like.
At present, common rigid anchor rods are often adopted in underground engineering, and the inventor thinks that as the underground engineering gradually develops towards deep parts, the stress environment of surrounding rocks is increasingly complex, the deformation of the surrounding rocks of a soft rock tunnel can reach 200-500 mm, and the deformation far exceeds the deformation control range of a common anchor rod body; the deformation of the surrounding rock of the hard rock tunnel under the high stress condition is small and is usually only 20-65 mm, but the requirement on the support strength or the compression resistance and the energy absorption is high, and the common anchor rod is easy to break and lose efficacy; due to the fact that the common anchor rod is too large in rigidity, poor in compression deformation resistance and the like, the common anchor rod is difficult to adapt to the supporting requirement of high ground stress or large surrounding rock deformation in a deep environment.
The ideal anchor rod for deep surrounding rock support has high support strength and good compression deformation resistance, and the principle is suitable for soft rock and hard rock roadways. Meanwhile, the deformation condition of the surrounding rock should be monitored all the time after the anchor bolt support is applied, so that the situation is prevented in the bud, and the safety of the tunnel during construction and operation is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the existing anchor rod supporting system is difficult to adapt to the supporting requirement of high ground stress or larger surrounding rock deformation in a deep environment, the invention aims to provide an energy-absorbing anchor rod with a surrounding rock deformation monitoring function and a construction method thereof.
The invention aims to provide an energy-absorbing anchor rod with a function of monitoring surrounding rock deformation.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a construction method of the energy-absorbing anchor rod with the function of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an energy-absorbing anchor rod with a function of monitoring surrounding rock deformation, which comprises an auxiliary sleeve, an energy-absorbing rod body and a bearing, wherein the first end part of the energy-absorbing rod body is connected with an anchor head, the second end part of the energy-absorbing rod body is axially connected with the bearing, and the auxiliary sleeve is sleeved outside the energy-absorbing rod body; the energy absorption rod body is twisted when being pulled by surrounding rock to generate relative angular displacement, and the bearing is provided with scales for displaying the size of the generated relative angular displacement;
one end of the anchor head is expanded to form an expanded end, the outer side of the anchor head is further sleeved with an expansion shell, and the outer side of the expansion shell is in threaded connection with an auxiliary sleeve.
Furthermore, the inner side of the end part of the auxiliary sleeve is provided with threads, the auxiliary sleeve is in threaded connection with the expansion shell, and the inner diameter of the auxiliary sleeve is larger than the diameter of the energy absorption rod body.
Further, still include tray and fastening nut, the tray cup joint in the energy-absorbing body of rod outside, the first side of tray can with supplementary sleeve pipe butt, the second side of tray can with the bearing butt, fastening nut with the second end threaded connection of the energy-absorbing body of rod, the bearing is located between tray and the fastening nut.
Further, a second side of the fastening nut has indicia.
Furthermore, the expansion end of the anchor head is in a round table shape.
Further, the expansion shell is tubular, the expansion shell comprises a first section and a second section which are integrally formed, the first section of the expansion shell is provided with a plurality of notches starting from the first end face of the expansion shell, and the outer side of the second section of the expansion shell is provided with external threads starting from the second end face of the expansion shell.
Furthermore, the energy-absorbing rod body is in a twist shape, and when the energy-absorbing rod body is under tensile force of surrounding rock, the energy-absorbing rod body can be twisted and deformed along a twisting direction opposite to the twisting direction during twist forming, so that relative angular displacement is generated.
Further, the energy-absorbing rod body comprises a first rod section, a second rod section and a third rod section, and the first rod section, the second rod section and the third rod section are all twisted along the central axis of the first rod section, the second rod section and the third rod section.
Furthermore, the outer ring side face ring of the bearing is provided with scales to display the relative angular displacement generated by the anchor rod and estimate the displacement of the surrounding rock.
In a second aspect, the invention also discloses a construction method of the energy-absorbing anchor rod with the function of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock, which comprises the following steps:
opening a hole;
cleaning holes;
after the auxiliary sleeve is sleeved with the anchor rod expansion shell, the auxiliary sleeve is placed into the hole, the auxiliary sleeve is fixed outside the drilled hole, the anchor rod body is rotated to enable the auxiliary sleeve to be sleeved with the expansion shell, the expansion end is extruded into the expansion shell, the volume of the expansion shell is increased, the wall of the drilled hole is extruded, and the anchor rod is fixed;
the auxiliary sleeve is separated from the anchor rod body and recovered;
grouting;
mounting a bearing to the energy absorption rod body, and marking a zero scale mark on the bearing;
and scale change is monitored, and the deformation of the surrounding rock is estimated according to the corresponding relative angular displacement, so that the detection purpose is achieved.
Further, after the bearing is mounted to the energy absorbing rod body using the fastening nut, the bearing zero-scale line is aligned with the fastening nut to serve as a mark.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, the expansion type end head is arranged, the deep stable rock mass is physically extruded to fix the anchor rod, and the grouting slurry is secondarily filled and fixed, so that the anchor rod is prevented from falling off under the action of gravity.
2) The invention designs a twist-shaped energy-absorbing anchor rod body, which can allow the surrounding rock to generate restrictive deformation, absorb the deformation energy of the surrounding rock, achieve the compression-resistant effect and control the surrounding rock to generate overlarge deformation.
3) According to the principle that relative angular displacement can be generated under the action of tension when the surrounding rock deforms by the energy-absorbing rod body, the deformation of the surrounding rock is estimated by corresponding relative angular displacement according to the change of pointers and scales on the bearing and the fastening nut, and the purpose of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock is achieved.
4) In general, the method is applicable to high ground stress engineering environments, after construction is completed, the surrounding rock is allowed to deform restrictively, deformation energy of the rock is absorbed through stress elongation of the rod body, self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is fully exerted, stability of the surrounding rock is guaranteed, and estimation of deformation of the surrounding rock is completed and deformation of the surrounding rock is monitored in the process.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the anchor rod structure of embodiment 1,
figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the expansion shell of example 1,
FIG. 3 is a side view showing the structure of the pallet, the bearing and the fastening nut according to example 1,
fig. 4 is a construction diagram of the anchor rod and the auxiliary sleeve according to embodiment 1.
Wherein: 1. the expansion shell comprises an expansion end 2, a first thread section 4, an energy absorption rod body 5, a second thread section 6, a tray 7, a bearing 8, a fastening nut 9, outer ring scales 10, a bearing outer ring 11, a rolling body 12, a bearing inner ring 13 and an auxiliary sleeve.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc., are only used for descriptive purposes and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, the present invention aims to provide an energy-absorbing anchor rod with a function of monitoring deformation of surrounding rock and a construction method thereof, which has deformation and compression resistance capability, and uses a high-strength energy-absorbing anchor rod capable of monitoring deformation function of surrounding rock to exert self-bearing capability of surrounding rock and control and monitor deformation and damage of surrounding rock, aiming at the defect that the existing anchor rod supporting system is difficult to adapt to supporting requirements of high ground stress or larger surrounding rock deformation in a deep environment.
Example 1
It should be noted that the first side in this embodiment refers to the left side in fig. 1 or fig. 4, the second side in this embodiment refers to the right side in fig. 1 or fig. 4, the first end in this embodiment refers to the left side in fig. 1 or fig. 4, the second end in this embodiment refers to the right side in fig. 1 or fig. 4, the first thread segment refers to the left side thread segment in fig. 1 or fig. 4, and the second thread segment refers to the right side thread segment in fig. 1 or fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the energy-absorbing anchor rod with the function of monitoring surrounding rock deformation comprises an auxiliary sleeve 13, an anchor head, an energy-absorbing rod body 4, a bearing 7, a tray 6 and a fastening nut 8, wherein the anchor head comprises an expansion shell 1 and an anchor head body, the anchor head body is provided with an expansion end 2, the anchor head body is provided with a first thread section 3, and the end part of the energy-absorbing rod body 4 is provided with a second thread section 5. The first end part of the energy-absorbing rod body 4 is connected with the anchor head, the energy-absorbing rod body and the anchor head main body are integrally formed, the second end part of the energy-absorbing rod body 5 is also axially connected with a bearing 7, and an auxiliary sleeve 13 is sleeved outside the energy-absorbing rod body 4; the energy absorption rod body 4 is twisted when being pulled by surrounding rock to generate relative angular displacement, and the bearing 7 is provided with scales for displaying the size of the generated relative angular displacement;
it can be understood that, in this embodiment, for convenience of construction, the auxiliary sleeve 13 is connected with the anchor head, the anchor head is connected with the energy-absorbing rod 4, and the bearing 7 is connected with the energy-absorbing rod 4 by threads.
The inner side of the end part of the auxiliary sleeve 13 is provided with threads, the auxiliary sleeve 13 is in threaded connection with the expansion shell 1, and the inner diameter of the auxiliary sleeve 13 is larger than the diameter of the energy absorption rod body 4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the expansion end 2 and the first thread section 3 are part of an anchor head body, the anchor head body is of an integrated structure, threads are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the expansion shell 1, the threads on the inner side of the expansion shell 1 are matched with the first thread section 3, and the threads on the outer side of the expansion shell 1 are matched with the threads of the auxiliary sleeve 13.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy-absorbing rod body 4 is formed by twisting 3 sections of round section steel bars in a twist shape, and is twisted and deformed in a twist direction opposite to the twist direction when the energy-absorbing rod body is formed in the twist shape when being pulled by surrounding rock, so that relative angular displacement is generated, and the purposes of allowing the surrounding rock to generate limited deformation and absorbing deformation energy are achieved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the expansion shell 1 has threads matching with the first thread segments 3 on the inner side to ensure that the two can be screwed in and engaged accurately. When the anchor rod is not used, the diameter of the expansion shell 1 is the same as that of the expansion end 2, the first thread section 3 is screwed into the thread on the inner side of the expansion shell 1 to be occluded with the thread on the inner side of the expansion shell 1 when the anchor rod is used, the expansion shell 1 moves towards the expansion end, the size is increased, the wall of a drill hole is extruded, and the anchor rod is fixed.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, threads matched with the second thread section 5 are arranged on the inner side of the inner ring 12 of the bearing 7, so that the two can be accurately screwed in and meshed, and the bearing 7 is sleeved on the energy-absorbing rod body 4; and scales 9 are arranged on a circular ring on the side surface of an outer ring 10 of the bearing so as to display the relative angular displacement generated by the anchor rod and estimate the displacement of the surrounding rock.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the tray 6 is sleeved outside the energy-absorbing rod 4, a first side of the tray 6 can abut against the auxiliary sleeve 13, a second side of the tray 6 can abut against the bearing 7, the fastening nut 8 is connected with the second thread section of the energy-absorbing rod 4, and the bearing 7 is located between the tray 6 and the fastening nut 8. More specifically, the size of the fastening nut 8 is the same as the diameter of the bearing inner ring 12, and the fastening nut is extruded on the bearing inner ring 12 through a gasket and does not contact the bearing outer ring 10, so that interference on movement of the bearing rolling body 11 is avoided. The fastening nut 8 is provided with obvious red marks, and the red marks can move along the scales 9 on the bearing outer ring 10 when the anchor rod is subjected to relative angular displacement so as to estimate the deformation of the surrounding rock.
The integral anchor rod consisting of the expansion end 2, the first thread section 3, the energy-absorbing rod body 4 and the second thread section 5 is made of cold rolled steel materials, so that high deformation characteristics are guaranteed, and brittle failure caused by stress is avoided.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the threads of the first thread section 3 and the second thread section 5 are both in a left-hand screwing direction, so that the bolt is not loosened during screwing, and the standard is determined in the bolt manufacturing process.
As shown in fig. 4, the auxiliary sleeve 13 is threaded inside one end and has an inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the rod body. Supplementary sleeve pipe 13 and stock expansion shell 1 are placed in the drilling with the interlock of screw precession after, and the supplementary sleeve pipe 13 of fixed outside the drilling after adjusting the position can fix expansion shell 1 when the rotatory stock body of rod, makes expansion shell 1 and the interlock of the precession of first screw section 3, and 1 increase in volume of expansion shell props up the drilling wall.
Dust covers can be installed on two sides of the rolling body of the bearing 7, and dust adhesion in the tunnel is avoided.
The bearing 7 is made of high-strength materials so as to bear higher pressure, deformation and damage do not occur, and accurate display and estimation of surrounding rock displacement are guaranteed.
The threads of the first thread section and the second thread section are in the left-handed screwing direction, so that the anchor rod cannot be loosened during screwing, and the standard is determined in the anchor rod manufacturing process.
The front and rear thread segments are susceptible to stress concentrations where a strengthening heat treatment is performed to increase their strength.
Example 2
1) adopting a proper drill bit to open a hole, wherein the aperture is slightly larger than the diameter of the expanded end of the anchor rod, and then cleaning the hole to ensure that no rock slag remains in the hole;
2) screwing the auxiliary sleeve and the anchor rod expansion shell into the drilled hole in a threaded manner, placing the auxiliary sleeve in the drilled hole, fixing the auxiliary sleeve outside the drilled hole after adjusting the position, rotating the anchor rod body to ensure that the first thread section is screwed into the expansion shell, extruding the expansion end into the expansion shell to ensure that the volume of the expansion shell is increased, extruding the wall of the drilled hole and fixing the anchor rod;
3) after the anchor rod is fixed, the auxiliary sleeve is rotated reversely, so that the auxiliary sleeve falls off from the anchor rod body and is recovered for reuse in the next anchor rod installation work;
4) determining to carry out grouting work according to a design scheme; then, a tray is installed, so that the bearing and the rear thread section are screwed in and tightly engaged, then a gasket and a fastening nut are installed, so that the inner ring of the bearing, the fastening nut and the anchor rod body are tightly extruded into a whole, and at the moment, the outer ring of the bearing is extruded on the tray, so that the outer ring of the bearing does not rotate; and the red mark on the fastening nut points to the 0 scale mark on the bearing outer ring to mark an initial value.
5) After the construction is finished, the scale change is monitored at any time, and the deformation of the surrounding rock is estimated according to the corresponding relative angular displacement, so that the detection purpose is achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An energy-absorbing anchor rod with a surrounding rock deformation monitoring function is characterized by comprising an auxiliary sleeve, an energy-absorbing rod body and a bearing, wherein the first end of the energy-absorbing rod body is connected with an anchor head, the second end of the energy-absorbing rod body is axially connected with the bearing, and the auxiliary sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the energy-absorbing rod body; the energy absorption rod body is twisted when being pulled by surrounding rock to generate relative angular displacement, and the bearing is provided with scales for displaying the size of the generated relative angular displacement;
one end of the anchor head is expanded to form an expanded end, an expansion shell is further sleeved on the outer side of the anchor head, the outer side of the expansion shell is in threaded connection with an auxiliary sleeve, the energy-absorbing rod body and the anchor head main body are integrally formed, the expanded end and the first thread section are part of the anchor head body, threads are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the expansion shell, and threads on the inner side of the expansion shell are matched with the first thread section;
the scale is arranged on the outer ring side face circular ring of the bearing, so that the relative angular displacement generated by the anchor rod is displayed, and the surrounding rock displacement is estimated.
2. The energy-absorbing anchor rod with the function of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the end part of the auxiliary sleeve is internally provided with threads, the auxiliary sleeve is in threaded connection with the expansion shell, and the inner diameter of the auxiliary sleeve is larger than the diameter of the energy-absorbing rod body.
3. The energy-absorbing anchor rod with the function of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock according to claim 1, further comprising a tray and a fastening nut, wherein the tray is sleeved outside the energy-absorbing rod body, a first side of the tray can be abutted to the auxiliary sleeve, a second side of the tray can be abutted to the bearing, the fastening nut is in threaded connection with a second end of the energy-absorbing rod body, and the bearing is located between the tray and the fastening nut.
4. An energy absorbing anchor with a function of monitoring deformation of a surrounding rock according to claim 3, wherein the second side of the fastening nut is provided with a mark.
5. The energy-absorbing anchor rod with the function of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the expansion end of the anchor head is in a circular truncated cone shape.
6. The energy absorbing anchor with a function of monitoring deformation of a surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the expansion shell is tubular, the expansion shell comprises a first section and a second section which are integrally formed, the first section of the expansion shell is provided with a plurality of notches starting from a first end face of the expansion shell, and the outer side of the second section of the expansion shell is provided with an external thread starting from a second end face of the expansion shell.
7. The energy-absorbing anchor rod with the function of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the energy-absorbing rod body is in a twist shape, and when the energy-absorbing rod body is pulled by the surrounding rock, the energy-absorbing rod body can be subjected to torsional deformation in the opposite torsional direction to that during twist forming, so that relative angular displacement is generated.
8. An energy absorbing anchor having a function of monitoring deformation of a surrounding rock according to claim 7, wherein the energy absorbing body includes a first section, a second section and a third section, the first section, the second section and the third section being twisted along a central axis thereof.
9. The construction method of the energy-absorbing anchor rod with the function of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps of:
opening a hole;
cleaning holes;
the auxiliary sleeve and the anchor rod expansion shell are screwed and engaged through threads, then the auxiliary sleeve is placed in a drilled hole, the auxiliary sleeve is fixed outside the drilled hole after the position is adjusted, the anchor rod body is rotated, the first thread section of the anchor head body is screwed and engaged with the expansion shell, the expansion end is extruded into the expansion shell, the volume of the expansion shell is increased, the wall of the drilled hole is extruded, and the anchor rod is fixed;
the auxiliary sleeve is separated from the anchor rod body and recovered;
grouting;
mounting a bearing to the energy absorption rod body, and marking a zero scale mark on the bearing;
and scale change is monitored, and the deformation of the surrounding rock is estimated according to the corresponding relative angular displacement, so that the detection purpose is achieved.
10. The method of constructing an energy-absorbing anchor rod with a surrounding rock deformation monitoring function according to claim 9, wherein after the bearing is mounted to the energy-absorbing rod body by using the fastening nut, a zero-scale line of the bearing is aligned with a mark on the fastening nut.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911120387.3A CN110821539B (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Energy-absorbing anchor rod with function of monitoring surrounding rock deformation and construction method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911120387.3A CN110821539B (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Energy-absorbing anchor rod with function of monitoring surrounding rock deformation and construction method thereof |
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| CN110821539B true CN110821539B (en) | 2021-10-08 |
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| CN111648806B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2021-05-14 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Energy-absorbing anchor rod device with umbrella-shaped structure |
| CN112610255B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2023-04-11 | 中铁二十局集团有限公司 | Tunnel construction method for penetrating through weak and broken surrounding rock |
| CN112610237A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-06 | 中铁二十局集团有限公司 | Tunnel supporting system for penetrating through weak and broken surrounding rock and construction method thereof |
| CN113417285A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-09-21 | 宝业湖北建工集团有限公司 | Local reaming is from anchor type soil nail for excavation supporting |
| CN114941544B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-02-03 | 中南大学 | Double energy-absorbing anchor rod and supporting method |
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| GB2084630A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1982-04-15 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Roof bolt |
| CN2209213Y (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1995-10-04 | 黄振菊 | Double expansion sleeve type anchoring-bolt |
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| CN110821539A (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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